posted 09 February 2005 08:27 AM            

"The occurrence of E*5 212 and E*5 204 alleles in two populations of the Mediterranean basin (Turkey and Italy) but not in West Africans can be explained by taking into account that the Ethiopian gene pool was estimated to be >40% of Caucasoid derivation (Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1994). In addition, more recent phylogenetic analysis based on classical protein polymorphism (Tartaglia et al. 1996) and Y-chromosome sequence variation (Underhill et al. 2000) showed that Ethiopians appear to be distinct from Africans and more closely associated with populations of the Mediterranean basin."

(Scacchi et al., Hum Biol, 2003)

"The present composition of the Ethiopian population is the result of a complex and extensive intermixing of different peoples of North African, Near and Middle Eastern, and south-Saharan origin. The two main groups inhabiting the country are the Amhara, descended from Arabian conquerors, and the Oromo, the most important group among the Cushitic people. ... The genetic distance analysis showed the separation between African and non-African populations, with the Amhara and Oromo located in an intermediate position."

(De Stefano et al., Ann Hum Biol, 2002)

"On the basis of historical, linguistic, and genetic data, it has been suggested that the Ethiopian population has been strongly affected by Caucasoid migrations since Neolithic times. On the basis of autosomal polymorphic loci, it has been estimated that 60% of the Ethiopian gene pool has an African origin, whereas ~40% is of Caucasoid derivation.... Our Ethiopian sample also lacks the sY81-G allele, which was associated with 86% and 69% of Senegalese and mixed-African YAP+ chromosomes, respectively. This suggests that male-mediated gene flow from Niger-Congo speakers to the Ethiopian population was probably very limited ... Caucasoid gene flow into the Ethiopian gene pool occurred predominantly through males. Conversely, the Niger-Congo contribution to the Ethiopian population occurred mainly through females."

(Passarino et al., Am J Hum Genet, 1998)

"Non sub-Saharan African samples are all grouped together...with...the Ethiopian Amharic sample. Ethiopians are not statistically differentiated from the Egyptian and Tunisian samples, in agreement with their linguistic affiliation with the Afro-Asiatic family."

(Poloni et al., Am J Hum Genet, 1997)

posted 09 February 2005 07:22 PM            

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Thought Writes:

Honest and true debate among truth seekers furthers the quest for an in-depth understanding. Preaching to the choir is no fun. Were Evil "E" a more honest and forthright person our understanding of these issues would be greatly enhanced through debate and discourse. Unfortunately Evil "E" has turned out NOT to be a worthy adversary.

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Indeed, hiding behind the inability of answering a series of simple questions asked of you, even when others faithfully address your remarks and provide you with an opportunity to do the same, is a clear sign of trolling. Needless to say that trolling is a sign of weakness, that must be avoided at all cost by rational folks.