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C. L. Brace, friend or foe to African accomplishments
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Sundiata: [QB] The Brace study in question comes from his 1993 paper, "Clines and Clusters Versus “Race:” A Test in Ancient Egypt and the Case of a Death on the Nile,".. It can be accessed on Myra's site, [URL=http://wysinger.homestead.com/brace.pdf]here[/URL] . It is more than disingenuous in how it excludes both "Nubian" and "Somali" populations from his so-called "African" cluster, while basing the said cluster from only a few samples of some of the most isolated, Niger-Congo speakers, supposedly representatives of the ideal African physiognomy. Keita had this to say in response: [QUOTE]One approach, although limited, with which to explore the possibility of migration in earlier times, is through analysis of craniometric affinities. Previous studies have not specifically addressed the immigration of farmers from Europe into the NileValley. However, Brace et al. (1993) find that a series of upper Egyptian/Nubian epipalaeolithic crania affiliate by cluster analysis with groups they designate “sub-Saharan African” or just simply “African” (from which they incorrectly exclude the Maghreb, Sudan, and the Horn of Africa), whereas post-Badarian southern predynastic and a late dynastic northern series (called “E” or Gizeh) cluster together, and secondarily with Europeans. [b]In the primary cluster with the Egyptian groups are also remains representing populations from the ancient Sudan and recent Somalia. Brace et al. (1993) seemingly interpret these results as indicating a population relationship from Scandinavia to the Horn of Africa, although the mechanism for this is not clearly stated[/b]; they also state that the Egyptians had no relationship with sub-Saharan Africans, a group that they nearly treat (incorrectly) as monolithic, although sometimes seemingly including Somalia, which directly undermines aspects of their claims. [b]Sub-Saharan Africa does not define/delimit authentic Africanity.[/b][/QUOTE]I believe it's also been noted by Zakrzewsi that the E series (the one which clusters closest to Europeans) isn't even a typical Egyptian series and comes at a period in Egypt's history where there was documented immigration from foreigners. Of course Rasol cites Brace' 2005 study which shows SOME objective improvement though I agree that Brace 1993 is probably the most often cited study by Eurocentrics, regardless of its noted distortions and contradictions. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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