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Jamaica: the Maroons, the Black Irish, and perhaps the last Black Pope
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Mike111: The papal bull Sublimus Dei of 1537, to which Spain was committed, also officially banned slavery, but it was rescinded a year after its promulgation (clearly Pope Paul III was a Black man, perhaps one of the last Black Popes?), and just as clearly, the fact that he had to rescind means that the Albinos were in the process of taking power. Still, the Spanish were not good people, and used other forms of coerced labor in their colonies instead: such as the Indian Reductions method, the encomienda system, repartimiento, and the mita. [/QUOTE]Mike this guy was in power, what are you talking about ? [b]Charles V Reign, 1519 –1556[/b] [URL=http://www.ephotobay.com/share/charles-v-holy-roman-emperor-realerhistory-com.html] [IMG]http://www.ephotobay.com/image/charles-v-holy-roman-emperor-realerhistory-com.jpg[/IMG][/URL] [b] The Early Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: Emperor Charles V[/b] From 1501 until 1518, the trans-Atlantic slave trade was comprised of black slaves transported from Iberia. Direct slave traffic from Africa was not initially permitted for the same reasons that colonists were repeatedly forbidden from bringing enslaved Muslims and moriscos to the Americas: the Spanish Crown worried that captives from sub-Saharan Africa might introduce non-Christian religious practices to Amerindian populations. Though very little is known of the earliest slave trade to the Americas, the number of slaves transported during these years appears to have been comparatively minimal. As Hispaniola’s once vibrant native population plummeted from 60,000 in 1508 to less than 20,000 ten years later, it became clear that colonists had to import laborers in order to sustain the colony’s gold placer mines and its nascent sugar industry. Echoing Ovando, Spanish colonists and administrators clamored for permission to import African slaves. In 1516 even Bartolome de Las Casas, the same Dominican friar who fought tirelessly for the rights of Amerindians, proposed replacing native labor with African slaves, whom he believed were better suited for harsh physical labor. (Las Casas later recanted this opinion and dedicated a substantial part of his work Historia de las Indias to condemning the African slave trade and Iberian slave markets.) [b]In 1518, Fernando and Isabel’s grandson, Emperor Charles V, abolished the provision requiring slaves to be born under Christian dominion, and issued a charter allowing four thousand Africans to be purchased directly from Portuguese traders in the Cape Verde Islands and transported to the New World. The first slave ships presently known to have sailed with captives directly from Africa to the Americas embarked from the Cape Verde Islands and São Tomé, arriving in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Cuba during the mid-1520s.[/b] The Iberian slave trade from Africa to the Caribbean expanded over the following decades, with the Spanish Crown selling “licenses” for specific numbers of slaves to individuals who would either arrange a slaving voyage, or attempt to make a profit by reselling the same license to a third party. In many cases, Spanish migrants to the Americas acquired licenses to bring one or more enslaved people with them. The Crown increasingly relied on large-scale slaving ventures based on contracts, or asientos, in which merchant houses agreed to transport a certain number of captives to Spanish American ports over a set period of time. Due to the participation of non-Hispanic merchants—especially the Portuguese during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, but also the Genoese and Germans, and later the English, French, and Dutch—the asiento system helped to internationalize the trans-Atlantic slave trade long before the establishment of non-Iberian colonies in the Americas, or non-Iberian trading factories in western Africa. Charles oversaw the Spanish colonization of the Americas, including the conquest of both the Aztec Empire and the Inca Empire. During Charles' reign, the territories in New Spain were considerably extended by conquistadores like Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro, who caused the Aztec and Inca empires to fall in little more than a decade. In 1531, Pizarro received funds and a charter of conquest from King Charles V to conquer Peru for its gold. So this Black king Charles I was responsible for the first authorizing of the the transatlantic slave trade as well as decimating the Indians of Central America. ____________________________________________________________ Mike why do you always omit that part of his bio? [/QB][/QUOTE]
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