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Is there any artwork of Black Moors?
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Doug M: [QB] Islam itself was and is multi ethnic in composition. Therefore it should not be surprising that some of the oldest mosques in the world are not only found in Syria and Iraq, but also Europe, Africa and China. With that in mind, trying to pretend that Islam EVER was a single ethnic group is NON SENSE. The Islamic invasion of Spain was led by officers of the Umayyad dynasty leading local Berber troops. Once they conquered Spain, they were joined by more officers of the Umayyad court and due to squabbles between the Berbers and their officers, there was much disunity. There were also allies of the Muslims in Spain as well, which included factions of the Visigoths who some say invited the Muslims to invade Spain. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian,_count_of_Ceuta http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_ibn_Nusair The disunity in the Muslim camp caused Tariq, the leader of the Berbers and the Musa ibn Nasair, Leading officer of the Umayyads in North Africa, to be called back to Damascus. Musa was eventually disgraced while in Syria and his rank taken along with his booty. Back in Andalus, the disunity continued between the Berbers and the Umayyad officers. After the Abbassid overthrow of the Umayyads, Andalus became nominally independent. And of course we know the rest of the story. In the early days of Islam, each dynasty was known for its distinct architectural and artistic traditions that many historians and archaeologists recognize. The Umayyads provided Islamic Spain with their stamp of artistic and decorative styles, including repeated palmiform stucco decoration the horseshoe arch and so forth. These styles were then modified with a touch of African and European innovation which made it unique to Al andalus. This was followed by traditions that were inherited probably from the Abbassids, including the multilobed arch, fortresses featuring rounded towers and other forms of artistic and stylistic convention. Likewise, much of the intellectual scholarship of the time was centered in either Damascus or Baghdad either under the Umayyads or Abbassids. Eventually with the demise of these dynasties, the intellectual tradition was passed to Andalus. All of these traditions borrowed heavily from pre-existing traditions in Africa, Southern Europe, the Levant and Mesopotamia which enriched it considerably. In Al andalus, this included heavy influence from Africa with many various traditions in arts and trade that were fused to become the mark of AlAndalus. Throughout the history of Al Andalus, Africans played a major role as soldiers. However, it was one that was marked by conflicts. Various sects within the Muslim community were constantly at odds for control. There were constant revolts and uprisings by Berbers in Spain and across North Africa due to their feeling of being treated as second class citizens under their Arab overlords. It is within this context that the Almoravid and Almohad periods are signifigant in that they represent undeniably African power and rule over large swaths of both Spain and North Africa. The history of North Africa and Spain in the Medieval period is undeniably complex, full of treachery, deceit and intrigue. There are many terms that were used at the time to identify the various ethnic groups at play in the time. In Spain there were terms for Arabs, Berbers, mixed Arab Berbers, Mixed European Arab Berbers and various degrees of mixture in between. In fact, this idea of labeling people by mixture may have given rise to the Spanish and Portuguese tradition of labeling people by "mixture" in the areas they conquered throughout the world. Within this complex tapestry, the word Moor was a European term that was simply a reference to the skin color of those within the population of Muslim invaders that invaded Spain. It is NOT one of the terms used by the Muslims themselves and as such it originated as SIMPLY A SUPERFICIAL REFERENCE TO SKIN COLOR. Reading Islamic texts one will not find such a term used to refer to the various populations within the Islamic community of North Africa and Spain. Therefore, being that the term originated among Europeans and was an unambiguous reference to skin color, the fact that some dispute it is a sure sign of denial and an attempt to deceive rather than educate. Not only is it an attempt to deny the obvious presence of blacks among the Islamic invaders, but it also tries to deny the presence of blacks in North Africa as natives in its most extreme form. Both of which are simply deceitful attempts to change history. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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