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Following Trails of the Cro-Magnon
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by astenb: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by MindoverMatter718: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [qb] Cro-Magnon people carried haplogroup N: [QUOTE] Specific mtDNA sites outside HVRI were also analyzed (by amplification, cloning, and sequencing of the surrounding region) to classify more precisely the ancient sequences within the phylogenetic network of present-time mtDNAs (35, 36). Paglicci-25 has the following motifs: +7,025 AluI, 00073A, 11719G, and 12308A. Therefore, this sequence belongs to either haplogroups HV or pre-HV, two haplogroups rare in general but with a comparatively high frequencies among today's Near-Easterners (35).[b] Paglicci-12 shows the motifs 00073G, 10873C, 10238T, and AACC between nucleotide positions 10397 and 10400, which allows the classification of this sequence into the macrohaplogroupN,containing haplogroups W, X, I, N1a, N1b, N1c, and N*.[/b] Following the definition given in ref. 36, the presence of a single mutation in 16,223 within HRVI suggests a classification of Paglicci-12 into the haplogroup N*, which is observed today in several samples from the Near East and, at lower frequencies, in the Caucasus (35). It is difficult to say whether the apparent evolutionary relationship between Paglicci-25 and Paglicci-12 and those populations is more than a coincidence. Indeed, the haplogroups to which the Cro-Magnon type sequences appear to belong are rare among modern samples, and therefore their frequencies are poorly estimated. However, genetic affinities between the first anatomically modern Europeans and current populations of the Near East make sense in the light of the likely routes of Upper Paleolithic human expansions in Europe, as documented in the archaeological record (37). http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/100/11/6593 [/QUOTE]This suggest that haplogroup N was taken to Western Eurasia by the San people=Cro-Magnon. This makes it clear, to me, that hg N in Africa is not the result of a back mjration. . . [/qb][/QUOTE]Clyde since when did the San carry hg N? [/qb][/QUOTE]The HadzaII carry hg N see Fig.3: Tishkoff S A , M. K. Gonder, B. M. Henn, H. Mortensen, A. Knight, C. Gignoux, N. Fernandopulle, G. Lema, T. B. Nyambo, U. Ramakrishnan, et al.(2007).History of Click-Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation. Mol. Biol. Evol., 24(10): 2180 - 2195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] This Khoisan group probably represented the Grimaldi who settled Europe as the Cro-Magnon population. . [/qb][/QUOTE][QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by MindoverMatter718: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [qb] Cro-Magnon people carried haplogroup N: [QUOTE] Specific mtDNA sites outside HVRI were also analyzed (by amplification, cloning, and sequencing of the surrounding region) to classify more precisely the ancient sequences within the phylogenetic network of present-time mtDNAs (35, 36). Paglicci-25 has the following motifs: +7,025 AluI, 00073A, 11719G, and 12308A. Therefore, this sequence belongs to either haplogroups HV or pre-HV, two haplogroups rare in general but with a comparatively high frequencies among today's Near-Easterners (35).[b] Paglicci-12 shows the motifs 00073G, 10873C, 10238T, and AACC between nucleotide positions 10397 and 10400, which allows the classification of this sequence into the macrohaplogroupN,containing haplogroups W, X, I, N1a, N1b, N1c, and N*.[/b] Following the definition given in ref. 36, the presence of a single mutation in 16,223 within HRVI suggests a classification of Paglicci-12 into the haplogroup N*, which is observed today in several samples from the Near East and, at lower frequencies, in the Caucasus (35). It is difficult to say whether the apparent evolutionary relationship between Paglicci-25 and Paglicci-12 and those populations is more than a coincidence. Indeed, the haplogroups to which the Cro-Magnon type sequences appear to belong are rare among modern samples, and therefore their frequencies are poorly estimated. However, genetic affinities between the first anatomically modern Europeans and current populations of the Near East make sense in the light of the likely routes of Upper Paleolithic human expansions in Europe, as documented in the archaeological record (37). http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/100/11/6593 [/QUOTE]This suggest that haplogroup N was taken to Western Eurasia by the San people=Cro-Magnon. This makes it clear, to me, that hg N in Africa is not the result of a back mjration. . . [/qb][/QUOTE]Clyde since when did the San carry hg N? [/qb][/QUOTE]The HadzaII carry hg N see Fig.3: Tishkoff S A , M. K. Gonder, B. M. Henn, H. Mortensen, A. Knight, C. Gignoux, N. Fernandopulle, G. Lema, T. B. Nyambo, U. Ramakrishnan, et al.(2007).History of Click-Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation. Mol. Biol. Evol., 24(10): 2180 - 2195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] This Khoisan group probably represented the Grimaldi who settled Europe as the Cro-Magnon population. . [/qb][/QUOTE]In reference to the study. Some of the Mtdna sequences noted above not only show high frequency in the Near East but they are also show moderate distribution in East Africa. HV and Pre-HV is basically gathered around the red sea. And many of the "non-African" lineages in Ethiopia dont show matches elsewhere representing deep ancestry. [URL=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1182106/?tool=pubmed]Fimiliar Ethiopian / Yemen gate of Tears study.[/URL] (Disregard the bullshit in the Introduction) [QUOTE] Median joining network of Ethiopian and Yemeni mtDNA haplotypes. Node sizes are proportional to haplotype frequencies, indicated within nodes for n>1. Haplotypes observed in Ethiopian and Yemeni samples are distinguished by pink and green, respectively. Variable positions (tables A1–A6 [online only]) are indicated along links that connect haplotypes. Nucleotide changes are specified only in the case of transversions. A, Network of haplogroups L0–L6. For haplotypes observed in the Yemeni population, matching HVS-I types in samples from northeastern Africa (Krings et al. 1999; Stevanovitch et al. 2004) and Mozambique (Pereira et al. 2001; Salas et al. 2002) are indicated by yellow and blue stars, respectively. B, Network of haplogroups M and N. For haplotypes observed in the Ethiopian population, matching HVS-I types in samples from northeastern Africa (Krings et al. 1999; Stevanovitch et al. 2004) and in the Arabian Peninsula and Iraq (Richards et al. 2000; Al-Zahery et al. 2003) are indicated by yellow and blue stars, respectively. [/QUOTE][IMG]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1182106/bin/AJHGv75p752fg2b.jpg[/IMG] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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