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Colorlines in Classical North Africa
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Swenet: [QB] Surprisingly astute commentary. Commentary on proto anthro portions of the bible and other ancient texts can sometimes be all over the place, but these portions are quite up to par in my view. [QUOTE]Caphtor CAPHTOR.The region whence the Philistines came to Palestine (Amo 9:7, Jer 47:4). Hence in Deu 2:23 Caphtorim means the Philistines. In Gen 10:14 Caphtorim is used of the country itself in place of Caphtor; it should be placed in the text immediately after Casluhim. [b]Many identifications of Caphtor have been attempted. The favourite theory has been that it means the island of Crete (cf. Cherethites). Next in favour is the view that Caphtor was the coast of the Egyptian Delta. It has also been identified with Cyprus. The correct theory is suggested by inscriptions of Ramses III. of Egypt (c [Note: circa, about.] . b.c. 1200), who tells of his having repelled a great invasion by enemies who had entered Syria and Palestine from the north.[/b] The leaders of these barbarians were [b]called Purusati, which (Egyp. r being Sem. l) is equivalent to the Heh. Pelisht.[/b] Connecting these facts with the circumstance that [b]the southern coast of Asia Minor, more especially Cilicia, was called Kefto or Kafto in the Egyptian inscriptions, it appears very probable that this Kafto and Caphtor are identical.[/b] The further conjecture might be hazarded that the writing of the Hebrew waw as a vowel-letter in an original Kafto gave rise to the additional rsh. Compare the similar case Ashkenaz. [/QUOTE] https://www.biblia.work/dictionaries/caphtor/ [QUOTE]The migration of the Philistines is mentioned or alluded to in all the passages speaking of Caphtor or the Caphtorim. It thus appears to have been an event of great importance, and this supposition receives support from the statement in Amos. In the lists of Genesis and Chronicles, as the text now stands, the Philistines are said to have come forth from the Casluhim ‘the Casluhim, whence came forth the Philistines and the Caphtorim’ where the Hebrews forbids us to suppose that the Philistines and Caphtorim both came from the Casluhim. Here there seems to have been a transposition, for the other passages are as explicit, or more so, and their form does not admit of this explanation. The period of the migration must have been very remote, since the Philistines were already established in Palestine in Abraham’s time (Gen 21:32; Gen 21:34). The [b]evidence of the Egyptian monuments, which is indirect tends to the same conclusion[/b], but takes us yet farther back in time. It leads us to suppose that the [b]Philistines and kindred nations were cognate to the Egyptians[/b], but so [b]different from them in manners that they must have separated before the character and institutions of the latter had attained that development in which they continued throughout the period to which their monuments belong[/b]. We find from the sculptures of Rameses III at Medinet Ab that the Egyptians, about 1200 B.C., were at war with the Philistines, the Tok-karu, and the Shayratana of the Sea, and that other Shayratana served them as mercenaries.: The [b]Philistines and Tok-karu were physically cognate, and had the same distinctive dress; the Tokkaru and Shayratana were also physically cognate, and fought together in the same ships.[/b] There is reason to believe that the Tok-karu are the Carians, and the Shayratana have been held to be the Cherethim of the Bible and the earlier Cretans of the Greeks, inhabiting Crete, and probably the coast of Palestine also (Encyclop. Brit. s.v. Egypt, p. 462). [b]All bear a greater resemblance to the Egyptians than does any other group of foreign peoples represented in their sculptures[/b]. This evidence points, therefore, to the spread of a [b]seafaring race cognate to the Egyptians at a very remote time[/b]. Their origin is not alone spoken of in the record of the migration of the Philistines, but in the tradition of the Phoenicians that they came from the Erythraean Sea, SEE ARABIA, and we must look for the primeval seat of the whole race on the coasts of Arabia and Africa, where all ancient authorities lead us mainly to place the Cushites and the Ethiopians. SEE CUSH. The [b]difference of the Philistines from the Egyptians in dress and manners is, as we have seen, evident on the Egyptian monuments.[/b] From the Bible we learn that their [b]laws and religion were likewise different from those of Egypt[/b], and we may therefore consider our previous supposition as to the time of the separation of the peoples to which they belong to be positively true in their particular case. It is probable that they left Caphtor not long after the first arrival of the Mizraite tribes, while they had not yet attained that attachment to the soil that afterward so eminently characterized the descendants of those which formed the Egyptian nation. The words of the prophet Amos (9:7) seem to indicate a deliverance of the Philistines from bondage. The mention of the Ethiopians there is worthy of note: they are perhaps spoken of as a degraded people. The intention appears to be to show that Israel was not the only nation which had been providentially led from one country to another where it might settle, and the interposition would seem to imply oppression preceding the migration. It may be remarked that Manetho speaks of a revolt and return to allegiance of the Libyans, probably the Lehalim, or Lubim, from whose name Libya, etc., certainly came, in the reign of the first king of the third dynasty, Necherphs or Necherchis, in the earliest age of Egyptian history, B.C. cir. 2600 (Cory, Anc. Frao. 2d ed. p. 100, 101).” SEE PHILISTINE.[/QUOTE] https://www.biblia.work/dictionaries/caphtor/ I agree especially w/ the bolded parts. Although I would add that these enclaves in the Aegean w/ Egyptian affinities weren't homogeneous populations, as I already stated above (e.g. the Sedment-post-Minoan Crete cluster does not appear in the female dendrogram). I also like that they don't fall in the trap of identifying these people with Minoans. The fact that these people are not exactly Egyptians, but some kind of ancient (pre-unification?) offshoot is correctly pointed out by these authors, and it's why I hesitated to call them Egyptian in my first post in this thread. Egyptians did not like to leave their country for long periods, and they were not a seafaring nation (though they had ships, they did not have seagoing vessels AFAIK) and seem to have had a deep-seated taboo against dying in foreign lands. One of the quotes points this out: [i]It is probable that they left Caphtor not long after the first arrival of the Mizraite tribes, while they [b]had not yet attained that attachment to the soil that afterward so eminently characterized the descendants of those which formed the Egyptian nation.[/b][/i] Egyptians were also concerned with their own affairs for the majority of the duration of the Egyptian civilization; they were oriented inwards and seemed to have only made a change in this regard after the 2nd intermediate period caused by the Hyksos and other factors. They differ from these Aegean colonists in all the above. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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