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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] The Meroitic mortuary offerings reflect many objects the Meroite would use in the afterworld. They inscribed or painted ba statues, stela and offering tables with cursive Meroitic . The utilitarian items of every-day use by the Meroites were placed in the tomb., while the ba statuettes and stela were often placed outside the tombs. The offering tables were used to make libations in behalf of the deceased after his interment. They were made of sandstone and shaped either rectangular or square. The tables measured anywhere between ten and fourteen inches in length, with a recessed center surrounded by a raised border. The offering tablets and funerary stela often include carved designs and inscriptions. The inscriptions were in Meroitic. The most popular designs on the tables include loaves of bread, and the mortuary gods Anubis and Nephthys. The artifacts found near the tombs of rich Meroites include ba statuettes. The ba statuettes often made in the shape of humans with folded wings, were usually placed in front of the tomb . It was made in this way to represent the free and mobile nature of Ba, which was suppose to sore into the sky. The Ba was recognized as a soul, which possessed mobility. The term Ba represented the ability of the deceased person's spirit to move from the grave and implore the gods for passage and protection of the Kha to the underworld. In the funerary inscriptions we also find much mention of the Ba or Be . I have interpreted the term Ø ba #, as "soul'. The ba, united the conception of the Kha, and the Khe / Kho . The best place to find this term in the Meroitic funerary literature include the Tañyidamani , Armina West and Karanog steleas. The spirit body of the King was to sustain Good at the burial site. For example the Ba of Tañyidamani was to remain at Jebel Barkal (Tañyidamani stela, lines 33-34) for a period of time continuing to serve Aman, while it represented a talisman of blessing for the pilgrims that visited his tomb. According to the Tañyidamani stela ,line 139, the Ba was a gift to Aman . This may explain the placement of the Meroitic carved items such as the ba statues and funerary tablets outside the Meroite tombs. Placement outside the tomb probably tolerated the ba's effortless access to flight. In the late Meroitic text. The Ba , was no longer forced to stay at the tomb. In these inscriptions it is made clear that the Ba, retired in B(a)ne. http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Bay/7051/lit8.gif [IMG]http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Bay/7051/lit8.gif[/IMG] Below we will first give the transliteration of the Karanog stelae and then a translation of Meroitic into English. At the end of the translation we will provide a vocabulary of the text. Line 1. Woshi ...ne... Shore... yi-ne... t-po... m-i... d. Line 2. Tqowine... s... li-ne ...t ...si... d... e-ne.. te... o... d... he. Line 3. Lo..wi-ne...sl...h...m-ne...s-ne..qo...Qo ...li-ne Line 4. Terike...lo... wi-ne...i... l...pe...rine ...si...b... lo. Line 5. Tel-o... wi-ne... pq... r... ne... ye mtetl[...]...e... ne... ye. Line 6. Lq-ne...lo...win-ne ...yet...sn...net...e... i... ol... ye...e-ne. Line 7. M...ne...lo...wi-ne[...]... ot... p ..kr-ne ...yet... ne-ne ... e-o... wi-ne. Line 8. Pe... sto... lt-ne... yet... m...n...e...e-o... wi-ne... qo ... re. Line 9. St... s... t ... lete-ne ...s-ne ...tq ...lo ...wi-ne ...hle ...mr. Line 10. S-ne ...q ...lo-t ...to ...lo ...wi-ne ...mte ...h ...ne ...s-n ...pe. Line 11. Sto ...li ...h ...wi-ne ...t ...e ...lo ...lo-a ...en-ne ...ye. Line 12. Tb ...h ...re ...lo ...wi-ne ...ato ...mh ...enep ...si ...se-a. Line 13. Te-ne ...ato ...mh ...enep ...wi ...h ...r ...ke ...te-ne ...h ...ml-o ...l-ne. Line 14. P-Sin ...ote ...m-i ...ke ...te-ne ...Wosi ...ne. ...Shore ...o-i ...ine. TRANSLATION "l. Isis the Good, and Osiris the Eternal (are) commanding the measure (of) the bequeathal. (2) Tqowine, the patron to transmit her satisfying bequeathal. She commands the beginning of the bequeathal of the He. (3) The solitary honorable patron (is) to behold the He-ne's (the abstract personality of man)...to prop up the renewal. Act to (make) the conveyance. (4) (Its) the Fashion to dispatch Awe...[h]i to remain to reproduce within satisfaction from a distance. (5) The solitary object of respect to make indeed a good voyage to Mtetl...[here] to be give(n) a good existence.(6) She is to witness solitary reverence capable of cleverly bowing in reverence (to the gods)--give leave to the /a grand journey (Oh) Commander. (7) Measure the good (of the ) lonely object of Honor [lying in the grave]...esteem and dignity. Adorn (her with) goodness, give opening to honor.(8) Your nonexistent patron goes to measure goodness. Give (its) beginning Now! The Object of Respect (Tqowine, to be) renewed indeed. (9) Endorse the embarkation of the (good) Supporter. Set in Motion the dispatch of this object of respect (Tqowine) to reverberate luck. (10) The patron, she is present (in) the grave. Send the Object of Respect to unlock H-ne [the place where the H, is kept] --the Patron begs you. (11) Protect her conveyance of the H. This honorable woman give (her) isolated departure. The Teacher (to take) a journey. (12) Announce in a lofty voice indeed, the dispatch of this Object of Respect (on the) path (of) the grand bestowal (of) atonement (and ) favor. (13) Rebirth is the path to grand bestowal of honor to the H , indeed give permission for the rebirth of the H, and the soul to exit. (14) Much satisfaction (and) wonder (to come) measure it. The permission (for its bestowal ) is arranged by Isis,( and) Osiris (is) the Opener of the Way." [/QB][/QUOTE]
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