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Tut-ankh-amun's lineage
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Djehuti: [QB] I think Wally is wrong for stating that dynastic Egypt was matriarchal, since the supreme seat of pharaoh was held by males and it was males in general who held many privileged areas in government... However, he [i]does[/i] have a point that Egyptian inheritance was quite different and 'unique' when compared to its contemporaries in the Near East in that Egyptian inheritance was not confined to patrilineage alone. In terms of land ownership, land was passed from mother to daughter; many scholars think because paternity was always certain with the mother, but such a tradition is found in many other societies in Africa. In Egypt men commonly identified themselves by citing the names of their mothers more often than fathers, and in spiritual belief the heart which housed the soul was inherited from the mother. With such customs in placed, it would not be surprising if inheritance to the throne also did not necessarily depend on the father or king but to the royal wife (queen). http://witcombe.sbc.edu/menkaure/ [i]The "heiress" theory was developed partially to explain the phenomenon, noted by Diodorus of Sicily, of brother-sister marriages in Egyptian royal family. This is a sensitive issue because it seems to imply an incestuous relationship. Some scholars believe that this was indeed the case and that royal marriages between brothers and sisters were consummated and children born. Others, however, have argued that the "marriage" was ceremonial and that there is no evidence of sexual relations between the queen and the pharaoh. Certainly part of the problem from our standpoint is a proper understanding of what constituted "marriage" in Ancient Egypt and what was meant by the term "wife", or "husband." In surviving formal documents and texts there is no mention of any religious or legal ceremony by which a man's relationship with a woman was formalised in marriage in the modern sense of cohabitation and sexual relations. In fact, "to marry" seems to have meant little more than "to enter a household." Records show that pharaohs had several "wives" of different standing within the royal bloodline. It would appear to be also the case that an heiress-queen could both be "married" to the pharaoh and also be married and have children with another man, a consort-king. The children of the pharaoh and his wives, and the children of heiress-queen and her consort-king, would all refer to the pharaoh as "father" and the heiress-queen as "mother." Evidence of this is the way that the pharaoh is always the "son" of his predecessor, even though there may be no physical link.[/i]... [/QB][/QUOTE]
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