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Population Y, the real First Americans?
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by BrandonP: [QB] FFS, don't tell me there are people here on ES who seriously entertain the "Black Americans are all Aboriginal Americans" narrative! :eek: Meanwhile, in reality, geneticists have even been able to deduce where in Africa most African-American ancestry comes from. Not exactly consistent with a Population Y origin for most Black Americans today. [URL=https://www.pnas.org/content/107/2/786]Genome-wide patterns of population structure and admixture in West Africans and African Americans[/URL] [QUOTE]Finally, patterns of genetic similarity among inferred African segments of African-American genomes and genomes of contemporary African populations included in this study suggest African ancestry is most similar to non-Bantu Niger-Kordofanian-speaking populations, consistent with historical documents of the African Diaspora and trans-Atlantic slave trade.[/QUOTE][URL=https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/107/2/786/F1.large.jpg]Useful image from the study to illustrate the point[/URL] And there actually are a lot of Brazilians with African ancestry, even if many of them are mixed. [URL=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/17/brazil-census-african-brazilians-majority]Brazil census shows African-Brazilians in the majority for the first time[/URL] [QUOTE]Preliminary results from the 2010 census, released on Wednesday, show that [qb]97 million Brazilians, or 50.7% of the population, now define themselves as black or mixed race[/qb], compared with 91 million or 47.7% who label themselves white. The proportion of Brazilians declaring themselves white was down from 53.7% in 2000, when Brazil's last census was held. But the proportion of people declaring themselves black or mixed race has risen from 44.7% to 50.7%, making African-Brazilians the official majority for the first time. "Among the hypotheses to explain this trend, one could highlight the valorisation of identity among Afro-descendants," Brazil's census board, the IBGE, said in its report. According to the census, 7.6% of Brazilians said they were black, compared with 6.2% in 2000, and 43.1% said they were mixed race, up from 38.5%.[/QUOTE]That said, interracial breeding (or "miscegenation") was more widely accepted and even encouraged in Brazilian society historically compared to the US, which might explain the lower numbers of "pure" Black Brazilians relative to mixed-race people. [URL=https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/racial-discrimination-and-miscegenation-experience-brazil]Racial Discrimination and Miscegenation: The Experience in Brazil[/URL] [QUOTE]Another important difference was the extent of miscegenation or race mixture, resulting largely from a high sex ratio among its colonial settlers. In contrast to a family-based colonization in North America, Brazil's Portuguese settlers were primarily male. As a result, they often sought out African, indigenous and mulatto females as mates, and thus miscegenation or race mixture was common. Today, Brazilians often pride themselves on their history of miscegenation and continue to have rates of intermarriage that are far greater than those of the United States.[/QUOTE] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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