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Population Y, the real First Americans?
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Doug M: [QB] The first Europeans (Spanish and Portuguese) called the Native Americans "Indios" which was a term for populations in India. This term was also used for populations in Asia as well that were colonized. In general, Indios has always been used to represent populations with darker skin on average. [QUOTE] In the early nineteenth century, the term "Filipino" was not generally used to denote the entire population of the Philippine Archipelago. When the Spanish explorers first arrived, the natives were collectively called Indios in the mistaken notion that the archipelago was part of India, But the term Indio stayed and was used to define the bottom rung of Philippine society. [/QUOTE] http://www.philippinemasonry.org/1890---1900.html [QUOTE] The rule of the Spaniard has indeed been imperfect enough; but America should approach the question of reform with becoming modesty, seeing that her own record in dealing with the Indians has been stained by many a crime against human rights. They have been robbed of the country which once was their own, and driven back from reservation to reservation, while even the rights guaranteed to them by Government as compensation for what they lost have been often filched from them by unscrupulous officials. The light recently thrown on the case of the Pillager Indians has disclosed cruelty, open robbery, and a disregard of solemn obligations. In the Philippines the Americans will find the natives still in possession of their country; [96]a people, once wild and nomadic like the Indians, brought into settled habits of life by three centuries of missionary effort; a people, in fine, who, whatever is said to the contrary by noisy declaimers and demagogues, have been on the whole well pleased with their lot. [/QUOTE] https://www.gutenberg.org/files/36438/36438-h/36438-h.htm So the Spanish and other early European settlers have always seen the diversity of native Americans and Asians as being related. Of course, many black Americans get things confused by having their own spin on it as if any ancient black Natives outside Africa are "Africans" even if they are separated geographically, genetically and historically from Africa by a very long distance. https://libraries.mit.edu/150books/2011/04/11/1955/1955-nambikwara-men/ https://www.science.org/content/article/how-court-isolated-tribe https://journals.openedition.org/jsa/10555?lang=en However, the difference between Spanish and Portuguese colonies versus those of Anglo descent is that the Anglos promoted "purity" among the races while the Spanish and Portuguese promoted mixing. But don't be confused, both wind up with the same result of European domination with miscegenation ultimately still promoting majority European ancestry in the long run and erasure of native genetics and identity. [QUOTE] MESTIZAJE. The concept of mestizaje expresses the tensions, contradictions, and ambiguities of its birth in the New World. More important, it is a concept that continues to have spiritual and aesthetic dimensions. Mestizaje refers to racial and/or cultural mixing of Amerindians with Europeans, but the literal connotation of the word does not illuminate its theoretical applications and its more recent transformations. Since its inception in the New World and during those moments when race was a significant factor in social standing, mestizaje has been invoked to remedy social inequality and the misfiring of democracy. Origins In 1925 José Vasconcelos, the Mexican philosopher and educator, wrote La raza cósmica both to challenge Western theories of racial superiority and purity and to offer a new view about the mixing of African, European, and indigenous peoples in Mexico and throughout Latin America. The essay was an effort to undercut the maligned position of indigenous people and their material domination since the conquest, but it was unable to break completely from the civilizing motives of New Spain. Mestizaje was the political ideology of modern national identity, unity, and social progress. Yet Vasconcelos's vision pointed to Iberian culture, particularly Christianity, as the source for modernization and progress. Mexican nationalism has continued to construct its citizens as mestizos.[/QUOTE] https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/mestizaje [/QB][/QUOTE]
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