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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Yatunde Lisa: [QB] [IMG]https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-c000649e8b6d8695c8a7ac7ea0d5bf78[/IMG] Quote: “Haplogroup E1b1 now contains two basal branches, E-V38 (E1b1a) and E-M215 (E1b1b), with V38/V100 joining the two previously separated lineages E-M2 (former E1b1a) and E-M329 (former E1b1c). Each of these two lineages has a peculiar geographic distribution. E-M2 is the most common haplogroup in sub-Saharan Africa, with frequency peaks in western (about 80%) and central Africa (about 60%)”. Citation Source: Trombetta et al 2011. A New Topology of the Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E1b1 (E-P2) PLoS ONE 6(1): e16073. The Western media has remained silent on this BMJ study, which is in sharp contrasts to the way the Abusir results were celebrated. Quote: “For group E, we observe a geographic gradient from west to east as well as a partitioning from south to north.The sample collections from the western sub-Saharan populations (Benin and Bamileke) are represented exclusively by group E, whereas the frequencies of these chromosomes are somewhat lower in the east (94.2%, 85.1%, 81.4%, and 82.8% for the Hutu, the Tutsi, Tanzania, and Kenya, respectively) and drop sharply in the northern-most populations of Egypt (39.5%) and Oman (23.1%)”. Citation Source: The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations Note: E1b1a, is not most common among ethnics groups of Ethiopia and East Africa, but most common among West, South and Central Africans as well as African-Americans. [IMG]https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-aee4d0bec7eb985f1533809c2342f795[/IMG] Tomb painting of Rameses III before Horus, Valley of the Queens, Luxor, Egypt, c12th century BC. from the tomb of a prince (a son of Rameses III). [IMG]https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-d73d3d492efc03dd28bf6963ced843fb[/IMG] Quote: “The 2012 study published in the BMJ done on the mummified remains of Ramesses III and his son determined that both y-chromosomes belonged to Haplogroup E1b1a (Y-DNA). The pharaoh’s y-chromosome belongs to the most frequent haplogroup among contemporary Sub-Saharan y-chromosomes”. Source: Hawass (2012). "Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study. [IMG]https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-d52c71b48c41464a39405794082e9b22[/IMG] Relative to the 18th dynasty mummies, Ramesses III and his son have some differing alleles at the following loci: D2S1388, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA, though some of the alleles are shared at those sites as well. Repeats that occur in Ramses III and man E, but not in the 18th dynasty mummies. I ran the data sets through PopAffiliator2 myself and here are the results: “Ramesses III” [IMG]https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-5f186213d1d528b8b3f61354f31d4129[/IMG] Unknown Man E" [IMG]https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-afccb51801868088507fd64472cac2df[/IMG] D2S1388:15, D21S11:28, D21S11:29.2, D16S539:12, D18S51:26, CSF1PO:10, FGA:34.2 16/23 (69.6%) of the combined repeats of Ramses III and man E are shared with the 18th dynasty mummies. Ramesses III and Unknown man E are haplogroup E-M2 orderly E1b1a. As previously mentioned, back in 2012, a study conducted by Zahi Hawass et al. published in the BMJ demonstrates that the Pharaoh Ramesu (Ramesses III) – who ruled around 1200 BC, carries the E-M2 (E1b1a) gene, which is an African gene. This gene is quasi-specific to populations of Africa south of Sahara and to Africans in the Americas. It is maximal among Angolans for example. [IMG]https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-87a3745f41e2b7ee24855a330ee1a6ec[/IMG] Quote: “Our analysis showed that Ramesses III and unknown man E shared the same paternal lineage and had identical alleles at autosomal markers, strongly suggesting that they were father and son. However, based on the genetic testing, any differentiation among the several sons of Ramesses III was not possible. Historically, Pentawere was the only son who revolted against his father in contrast to all his brothers. According to the Judicial Papyrus of Turin, Pentawere was involved in the harem conspiracy, was found guilty at trial, and then took his own life”. “The unusual mummification process of unknown man E, including the ritually impure use of a goat skin to cover the body, could be interpreted as evidence for a punishment in the form of a non-royal burial procedure. Together with the genetically proven family relationship with Ramesses III, we therefore believe that unknown man E is a good candidate for Pentawere”. Citation Source: Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study https://www.bmj.com/bmj/section-pdf/187711?path=/bmj/345/7888/Yesterday_s_World.full.pdf [IMG]https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-54179f3f6b567bf6881f40aa194025c4[/IMG] Quote: “Genetic kinship analyses revealed identical haplotypes in both mummies (table 1); using the Whit Athey’s haplogroup predictor (Haplogroup Predictor), we determined the Y chromosomal haplogroup E1b1a. The testing of polymorphic autosomal microsatellite loci provided similar results in at least one allele of each marker (table 2)”. Citation Source: Hawass et al 2012. Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III. British Medical Journal, BMJ2012;345:e826 Quote: “Genetic kinship analyses revealed identical haplotypes in both mummies (table 1); using the Whit Athey’s haplogroup predictor, we determined the Y chromosomal haplogroup E1b1a. The testing of polymorphic autosomal microsatellite loci provided similar results in at least one allele of each marker”. Citation Source: Hawass et al 2012. Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III. British Medical Journal, BMJ2012;345:e8268. Missing values=18 Note: Of the 34 values expected, 16 were provided, meaning 16 were usable (47.058823529412%). In other words, only ~47% of the required STRs were provided.If more STRs are provided the reliability percentages will go up…..but based upon what is provided the result is accurate to greater than 90%. So, at the very least, we know the Armana family is 47% so-called sub-Saharan.Keep in mind, each geographic population ie “race” has STRs profile that are UNIQUE to them. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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