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Vindicated by Brace's own words
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by rasol: [QB] CL Brace, 2005 on dental traits: [i]One has to suggest that Vavilov's identification of that as one of the early areas of crop domestication would have meant that food preparation techniques reducing the pressures for mastication had been operating there for a long time, and tooth size reduction in situ would be one of the expected consequences.[/i] A more recent study from JD Irish: J Hum Evol. 2003 Aug;45(2):113-44. Ancient teeth and modern human origins: an expanded comparison of African Plio-Pleistocene and recent world dental samples. [i]Previous research by the first author revealed that, relative to other modern peoples, sub-Saharan Africans exhibit the highest frequencies of ancestral (or plesiomorphic) dental traits and, thus, appear to be least derived dentally from an ancestral hominin state. Both methods yielded similar results, which support the previous findings; that is, of all modern human samples, sub-Saharan Africans again exhibit the closest phenetic similarity to various African Plio-Pleistocene hominins -through their shared prevalence of morphologically complex crown and root traits. The fact that sub-Saharan Africans express these apparently plesiomorphic characters, along with additional information on their affinity to other modern populations, evident intra-population heterogeneity, and a world-wide dental cline emanating from the sub-continent, [b]provides further evidence that is consistent with an African origin model[/b][/i]. A study from a Japanese bioanthropologist: Hanihara T. 1996 [URL=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8850181&dopt=Abstract] Comparison of craniofacial features of major human groups.[/URL] Department of Anatomy, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. [i]Distance analysis and factor analysis, based on Q-mode correlation coefficients, were applied to 23 craniofacial measurements in 1,802 recent and prehistoric crania from major geographical areas of the Old World. The major findings are as follows: 1) Australians show closer similarities to African populations than to Melanesians. 2) [b]Recent Europeans align with East Asians[/b], and [b]early West Asians resemble Africans.[/b] 3) The Asian population complex with regional difference between northern and southern members is manifest. 4) Clinal variations of craniofacial features can be detected in the Afro-European region on the one hand, and Australasian and East Asian region on the other hand. 5) The craniofacial variations of major geographical groups are not necessarily consistent with their geographical distribution pattern. This may be a sign that the evolutionary divergence in craniofacial shape among recent populations of different geographical areas is of a highly limited degree.[/i] S.O.Y. Keita and A. J. Boyce (Institute of Biological Anthropology, Oxford University) 2002 [i]Badarian crania were studied with European and African series from the Howells’ database, using generalized distances and cluster analyses (neighbour joining and UPGMA algorithms). [b]Greater affinity is found with the African series.[/b] The Badarian crania have a modal metric phenotype that is clearly 'southern'; most classify into the Kerma (Nubian), Gaboon, and Kenyan groups [b]NO Badarian cranium in any analysis classified into the European series[/b].[/i] [This message has been edited by rasol (edited 20 September 2005).] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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