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S.O.Y. Keita on POLYTOPICITY
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Brada-Anansi: [qb] b]What is a Scientific Theory?[/b] [QUOTE] The evolution of a scientific theory A scientific theory is not the end result of the scientific method; theories can be proven or rejected, just like hypotheses. Theories can be improved or modified as more information is gathered so that the accuracy of the prediction becomes greater over time. Theories are foundations for furthering scientific knowledge and for putting the information gathered to practical use. Scientists use theories to develop inventions or find a cure for a disease. Some believe that theories become laws, but theories and laws have separate and distinct roles in the scientific method. [b] A law is a description of an observed phenomenon that hold true every time it is tested. It doesn't explain why something is true; it just states that it is true.[/b] A theory, on the other hand, explains observations that are gathered during the scientific process. So, while law and theory are part of the scientific process, they are two very different aspects, according to the National Science Teachers Association. [/QUOTE][URL=http://www.livescience.com/21491-what-is-a-scientific-theory-definition-of-theory.html]web page[/URL] [/qb][/QUOTE]Correct. The theory of Convergent evolution, parallel evolution etc., have never been confirmed, just like the theory of evolution. The basic problem with trying to confirm these theories is that researchers attempt to use Black Dravidians and Black Melanesians as an example of this phenomena. These are bad examples, because the archaeogenetic evidence, especially, language, placenames and crainiometrics does not support the claim. Moreover, the genetics don't support the theory either. If you look solely at the name for a haplogroup, e.g., haplogroup D and M1, you would think they are different until you look at the mutations in the haplogroup which show that they are identical. Most people don't understand the process of science. In science you test hypotheses to confirm or disconfirm a theory. Above you accurately describe how a theory becomes a law. Just think about it, the theory of evolution is almost 200 years old but it has not become a law because it can not be confirmed. Sadly, most people think that just because a theory is supported by the Academe it is a factual observation of a natural phenomena, when in reality it is just an idea or guess that has not been confirmed.That's why I made the Checklist to Evaluate Population Genetics Article See: http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=15;t=009655 . [/QB][/QUOTE]
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