Anyone have the full text or discussion and conclusion sections?
quote: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2008 Nov;137(3):316-23
Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese: restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history. Hassan HY, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Ibrahim ME. Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
We study the major levels of Y-chromosome haplogroup variation in 15 Sudanese populations by typing major Y-haplogroups in 445 unrelated males representing the three linguistic families in Sudan. Our analysis shows Sudanese populations fall into haplogroups __A, __B, __E, __F, __I, ___J, _K, and R in frequencies of ___16.9, 7.9, 34.4, 3.1, 1.3, 22.5, 0.9, and 13% respectively.
Haplogroups A, B, and E occur mainly in Nilo-Saharan speaking groups including Nilotics, Fur, Borgu, and Masalit; whereas haplogroups F, I, J, K, and R are more frequent among Afro-Asiatic speaking groups including Arabs, Beja, Copts, and Hausa, and Niger-Congo speakers from the Fulani ethnic group.
Mantel tests reveal a strong correlation between genetic and linguistic structures (r = 0.31, P = 0.007), and a similar correlation between genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.29, P = 0.025) that appears after removing nomadic pastoralists of no known geographic locality from the analysis.
The bulk of genetic diversity appears to be a consequence of recent migrations and demographic events mainly from Asia and Europe, evident in a higher migration rate for speakers of Afro-Asiatic as compared with the Nilo-Saharan family of languages, and a generally higher effective population size for the former.
The data provide insights not only into the history of the Nile Valley, but also in part to the history of Africa and the area of the Sahel.
Maybe discussing this report will draw Thought, Evergreen, MysterySolver, and Rasol back to ES.
Posted by alTakruri (Member # 10195) on :
Has the two centuries old exotic origin for Fulani prejudiced the conclusions drawn from the data?
quote: The Fulani, who possess the lowest population size in this study, have an interesting genetic structure, effectively consisting of two haplogroups or founding lineages. One of the lineages is R-M173 (53.8%), and its sheer frequency suggests either a recent migration of this group to Africa and/or a restricted gene flow due to linguistic or cultural barriers. The high frequency of subclade E-V22, which is believed to be northeast African (Cruciani et al., 2007) and haplogroup R-M173, suggests an amalgamation of two populations/cultures that took place sometime in the past in eastern or central Africa. This is also evident from the frequency of the ‘‘T’’ allele of the lactase persistence gene that is uniquely present in considerable frequencies among the Fulani (Mulcare et al., 2004). Interestingly, Fulani language is classified in the Niger-Congo family of languages, which is more prevalent in West Africa and among Bantu speakers, yet their Y-chromosomes show very little evidence of West African genetic affiliation.
Posted by alTakruri (Member # 10195) on :
In the PC graph Fulani cluster closest to ... Turks?!? How's it decided how the principle components axis?
Posted by alTakruri (Member # 10195) on :
Note that 15% of sampled Sudanese Copts have B-M60 one of the internal African markers not invovlved in the OoA expansion.
Posted by xyyman (Member # 13597) on :
Isn't this a contardiction from what DJ posted. Fulani clustered (Lineage) with West Africans. Who is teklling the truth here? At the above IS published nut what about DJ's study? More BS.
Got to read the entire paper. my 2 cents for now.
Quote:
yet their Y-chromosomes show very little evidence of West African genetic affiliation.
Posted by alTakruri (Member # 10195) on :
The Fulani of this study are the Takruri of Sudan and presumed to be majority descended from Cameroon Fulani who in turn descend from Nigerian Fulani whom history records as coming there from the far western Sahel in the 14th(?) century.
Fulani nrY varies from region to region and there's no consistancy with the supposed parent stock from 8th - 10th century Mauritania/Senegal.
Posted by Troll Smasher (Member # 10328) on :
quote:Originally posted by xyyman: Isn't this a contardiction from what DJ posted. Fulani clustered (Lineage) with West Africans. Who is teklling the truth here? At the above IS published nut what about DJ's study? More BS.
Got to read the entire paper. my 2 cents for now.
Quote:
yet their Y-chromosomes show very little evidence of West African genetic affiliation.
Al-takruri hit the nail on the head, Fulani NRY varies upon region, perhaps the author should have referenced other studies before making the statement that the Fulani Y chromosone show little affiliation with West Africans.
Posted by xyyman (Member # 13597) on :
Excuse my gibberish here. Was in a hurry. Sounded like What box. LOL.
quote:Originally posted by xyyman: Isn't this a contardiction from what DJ posted. Fulani clustered (Lineage) with West Africans. Who is teklling the truth here? At the above IS published nut what about DJ's study? More BS.
Got to read the entire paper. my 2 cents for now.
Quote:
yet their Y-chromosomes show very little evidence of West African genetic affiliation.
Posted by ArtistFormerlyKnownAsHeru (Member # 11484) on :
OK so you're tugging for attention...anybody can be anybody online. I know who runs the joint Posted by mentu (Member # 14537) on :
Haplotype J at 22 percent seems quite high is this the same haplotype J common in middle easterners?
Posted by alTakruri (Member # 10195) on :
Combo of J1-12f2 and J2-M172 but overwhelmingly J1.
Posted by xyyman (Member # 13597) on :
What's up brother. . .another nick. You got to stop this. Join the cause.
BTW - hope you are backing up all this good stuff on ES. Put those PC skills of yours at work for when they pull the plug on ES.
quote:Originally posted by ArtistFormerlyKnownAsHeru: OK so you're tugging for attention...anybody can be anybody online. I know who runs the joint
Posted by xyyman (Member # 13597) on :
So Africans were practicing agriculture looong before to Europeans.. . .
Quote: And that the Nile Valley may have provided a conducive environment for the first permanent settlements in Africa about 18,000 years ago (Phillipson, 1993), followed by the first adoption of agriculture in Africa by ancient Egyptians and Nubians around 10,000 BC or possibly earlier (Shillington, 1995)
Still trying to get by hands around the new designations. E3a etc was easy. I assume R-M173 is R-underived (R*).
Quote: Haplogroup R-M173 appears to be the most frequent haplogroup in Fulani, and haplogroup R-P25 has the highest frequency in Hausa and Copts and is present at lower frequencies in north, east, and western Sudan.
Posted by ArtistFormerlyKnownAsHeru (Member # 11484) on :
^ You might not be the arse I actually believed you to be, but, you're still talking out of your arse.
Posted by xyyman (Member # 13597) on :
I know you want piece of this. . . . but I don't swing that way.
And don't fughk up the therad. Go someplace else and play.
Posted by Shady Aftermath (Member # 14754) on :
sh1t me!?
Posted by xyyman (Member # 13597) on :
You really don't have a clue do you????
quote:Originally posted by ArtistFormerlyKnownAsHeru: ^ You might not be . . . I actually believed you to be
Posted by Shady Aftermath (Member # 14754) on :
It's Mr. sh1t me. Cold how you crackers walked a Brother out Posted by xyyman (Member # 13597) on :
Boys this is getting old. Not everyoone who has differing views are white. There are some white objective/rational people.
And stop using "white" as a cuss word. It is not. They are humans just as us.
AND STOP FUGKING UP THE THREAD!!!
If you have nothing to offer. .. .STFU. Thank You!!
steal one line. ssshhhh!! people are studying.
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
^ This is one of the rare occasions that you are right, Xyz. Good sticking up for your people. Posted by ArtistFormerlyKnownAsHeru (Member # 11484) on :
Are you guys on drugs? When did I so much as refer to anyone as white, let alone use it as a cuss word??
Posted by alTakruri (Member # 10195) on :
who all, since 19 October, 2009 04:18 PM have very successfully downgraded this thread to a trollers paradise. Taking this thread off-topic into personal conversation couldn't have been done without you! God bless you all to heaven!
To reverbantly echho loud the words of Xyyman "STOP FUGKING UP THE THREAD!!!
If you have nothing to offer. .. .STFU. Thank You!!" Posted by ArtistFormerlyKnownAsHeru (Member # 11484) on :
Crackers are Negroes with white skin - Simple Posted by The Explorer (Member # 14778) on :
Bringing this vintage topic back on course...
The E1 chromosomes are an instant telltale sign that those Sudanese Fulani's ancestors came from western Africa:
"there's something still unmistakable about the Sudanese Fula sample: they retain western African ancestry, as signified by Hg E1-M33, which was absent in all autochthonous Sudanese groups; the only other groups where this marker was implicated in Hassan et al.'s (2008) work, were, well, the well-established west African groups like the Hausa and Wolof."
And as strange as it might sound to some, especially to those who are in-the-little-know, R1*-M173 chromosomes actually act as an additional clue for the prospect of the Sudanese Fula having started out in western Africa, because this clade is in fact rare in eastern Africa [rarer in eastern Africa than in western-central Africa], including Sudan -- where it is absent in autochthonous Sudanese groups, except for the Fulani in question; aside from the isolated case of the Sudanese Fulani, it has thus far been "positively" [as declared by DNA sequencing results of the past, but the question of degree of resolution arises] only amongst Egyptians in the eastern corner of the continent.
"Unique" African R1 chromosomes are actually more varied than many realize...if interested, read more about it here: R1*-M173 in Africa Posted by KING (Member # 9422) on :
The Explorer
Welcome back.
Please don't take such a long leave on this forum again.
I was debating Energy about the Fulani being West African and not East African and now thanks to your post, I hope Energy understands a little better why my position is that Fulani cluster together and that cluster is with West African genetics.
Some people are still getting themselves worked up just because Fulani have features that are Narrow and not Broad, so they still try and claim East African origins for them even though the WA who are EA are the tuareg.
Peace
Posted by The Explorer (Member # 14778) on :
King, it is a matter of priorities. I have so much going on these days, which leaves room to make just sporadic appearances on social sites like this. Plus, the frequent lackluster discussions of ES as of late, are not exactly inviting.
Posted by Bogle (Member # 16736) on :
LOL @ this dumbass claiming he has no time but is willing to go off on an endless rant with Grumman.
Posted by The Explorer (Member # 14778) on :
Notice: I am catching up on messages or comments left on my blog over the last few months. Well, for some of you who frequent this site and may have dropped a comment or two during that time, you may now be able to see those comments and associated feedback (if any was provided) posted at respective links where they were received. Thanks for your patience.
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
quote:Originally posted by Bogled-ass: LOL @ this dumbass claiming he has no time but is willing to go off on an endless rant with Grumman.
The only dumbass here is YOU, who is just an intellectually frustrated loser who after countless defeats and being DEBUNKED on other threads you b*tch and whine and bring up your defeated issues on this and other threads.
Hebrew is Levantine, and your European heritage is African-mixed! GET OVER IT!
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