posted
American Journal Human Genetics. 2002 June; 70(6): 1594–1596.
Genetic Evidence for the Expansion of Arabian Tribes into the Southern Levant and North Africa
Almut Nebel,1,* Ella Landau-Tasseron,2 Dvora Filon,1 Ariella Oppenheim,1 and Marina Faerman3
In a recent publication, Bosch et al. (2001) reported on Y-chromosome variation in populations from northwestern (NW) Africa and the Iberian peninsula. They observed a high degree of genetic homogeneity among the NW African Y chromosomes of Moroccan Arabs, Moroccan Berbers, and Saharawis, leading the authors to hypothesize that “the Arabization and Islamization of NW Africa, starting during the 7th century ad, … [were] cultural phenomena without extensive genetic replacement” (p. 1023). H71 (Eu10) was found to be the second-most-frequent haplogroup in that area. Following the hypothesis of Semino et al. (2000), the authors suggested that this haplogroup had spread out from the Middle East with the Neolithic wave of advance. Our recent findings (Nebel et al. 2000, 2001), however, suggest that the majority of Eu10 chromosomes in NW Africa are due to recent gene flow caused by the migration of Arabian tribes in the first millennium of the Common Era (ce).
In the sample of NW Africans (Bosch et al. 2001), 16 (9.1%) of the 176 Y chromosomes studied were of Eu10 (H71 on a haplogroup 9 background). Of these 16 chromosomes, 14 formed a compact microsatellite network: 7 individuals shared a single haplotype, and the haplotypes of the other 7 were one or two mutational steps removed. This low diversity may be indicative of a recent founder effect. Where did these chromosomes come from?
The highest frequency of Eu10 (30%–62.5%) has been observed so far in various Moslem Arab populations in the Middle East (Semino et al. 2000; Nebel et al. 2001). The most frequent Eu10 microsatellite haplotype in NW Africans is identical to a modal haplotype (DYS19-14, DYS388-17, DYS390-23, DYS391-11, DYS392-11, DYS393-12) of Moslem Arabs who live in a small area in the north of Israel, the Galilee (Nebel et al. 2000). This haplotype, which is present in the Galilee at 18.5%, was termed the modal haplotype of the Galilee (MH Galilee) (Nebel et al. 2000). Notably, it is absent from two distinct non-Arab Middle Eastern populations, Jews and Muslim Kurds, both of whom have significant Eu10 frequencies—18% and 12%, respectively (Nebel et al. 2001). Interestingly, this modal haplotype is also the most frequent haplotype (11 [~41%] of 27 individuals) in the population from the town of Sena, in Yemen (Thomas et al. 2000). Its single-step neighbor is the most common haplotype of the Yemeni Hadramaut sample (5 [~10%] of 49 chromosomes; Thomas et al. 2000). The presence of this particular modal haplotype at a significant frequency in three separate geographic locales (NW Africa, the Southern Levant, and Yemen) makes independent genetic-drift events unlikely.
It should be noted that the Yemeni samples (Thomas et al. 2000) were not typed for the binary markers (p12f2 and M172) that define Eu10. However, both Yemeni modal haplotypes are present on a haplogroup background compatible with Eu10. These haplotypes carry a DYS388 allele with a high number of repeats (i.e., 17). High repeat numbers of DYS388, 15, were found to occur almost exclusively on Hg9, which comprises Eu9 and Eu10. Furthermore, in a sample of a six Middle Eastern populations, chromosomes with 17 repeats are frequent (40%) in Eu10 and rare (7%) in Eu9 (Nebel et al. 2001).
The term “Arab,” as well as the presence of Arabs in the Syrian desert and the Fertile Crescent, is first seen in the Assyrian sources from the 9th century bce (Eph'al 1984). Originally referring to nomads of central and northern Arabia, the term “Arabs” later came to include the sedentary population of the south, which had its own language and culture. The term thus covers two different stocks that became linguistically and culturally unified yet retained consciousness of their discrete origins (Grohmann et al. 1960; Rentz 1960; Caskel 1966, pp. 19–47; Goldziher 1967, pp. 45–97, 164–190; Beeston 1995; also see Peters 1999). Migrations of southern Arabian tribes northwards have been recorded mainly since the 3d century ce. These tribes settled in various places in central and northern Arabia, as well as in the Fertile Crescent, including areas that are now part of Israel (Dussaud 1955; Ricci 1984). The emergence of Islam in the 7th century ce furthered the unification of the Arabian tribal populations. This unified Arab-Islamic community engaged in a large movement of expansion, the Fertile Crescent and Egypt being the first areas to have been conquered. It is very difficult to trace the tribal composition of the Muslim armies, but it is known that tribes of Yemeni origin formed the bulk of those Muslim contingents that conquered Egypt in the middle of the 7th century ce. Egypt was the primary base for raids further west into the Maghrib. The conquest of North Africa was difficult and took a few decades to complete (Abun-Nasr 1987). The region was militarily and administratively attached to Egypt until the beginning of the 8th century ce. Arab tribes of northern origin entered North Africa as well, both as troops and as migrants. A major wave of migration of such tribes, the Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym, occurred during the 11th century ce (Abun-Nasr 1987). Thus, the Arabs, both southern (Yemeni) and northern, added to the heterogeneous Maghribi ethnic melting pot.
Little is known of the origins of the indigenous population of the Maghrib, the Berbers, except that they have always been a composite people. After the 8th century ce, a process of Arabization affected the bulk of the Berbers, while the Arab-Islamic culture and population absorbed local elements as well. Under the unifying framework of Islam, on the one hand, and as a result of the Arab settlement, on the other, a fusion took place that resulted in a new ethnocultural entity all over the Maghrib. In addition, Berber tribes sometimes claimed Arab descent in order to enhance their prestige. For example, the Berber nomadic tribe of the western Sahara, the Lamtuna, claimed descent from one of the South Arabian eponyms, Himyar. One of the chiefs of this Berber tribe, Lamtuna, is sometimes referred to as Saharawi, meaning “one of the nomads” or “one who comes from the Sahara” (Ibn al-Athir 1898, p. 462; Ibn Khallikan 1972, pp. 113, 128–129; Lewicki 1986). In Arabic sources, however, the name Saharawi is seldom used and does not seem to refer to a specific genealogical group. In light of these historical data, it is not surprising to find, among the Berbers and contemporary Saharawis of northern Africa, Y chromosomes that may have been introduced by recurrent waves of invaders from the Arabian Peninsula.
These documented historical events, together with the finding of a particular Eu10 haplotype in Yemenis, Palestinians, and NW Africans, are suggestive of a recent common origin of these chromosomes. Remarkably, the only non-Arabs in whom this haplotype has been observed to date are the Berbers (Bosch et al. 2001). It appears that the Eu10 chromosome pool in NW Africa is derived not only from early Neolithic dispersions but also from recent expansions from the Arabian peninsula.
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-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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xyyman study the map, see how the arrows flow. The invasions of the Arabs are coming out of the North of Arabia into North Africa, not eminating from the South of Arabia. They were using Arabs and Arabized armies that included that whole Levant region
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posted
For some odd reason, something is missing in the eurocentric link and on that map above and I do not know why? However, further clarification is needed. As I await patiently.
quote: Islam came to Ethiopia around 615AD. The first Muslims were immigrants from Mecca due to persecution by the ruling Quraysh tribe. The prophet Mohamed (peace and blessings be upon him) felt Ethiopia to be a safe haven for his relatives and companions. Moslem historians refer to it as the first Higra or migration and the Christian Emperor as Ashama ibn Abjar. The prophet instructed his followers to ‘respect and protect Ethiopia and as well as live in peace with Ethiopian Christians. Today Harar, Ethiopia is considered the fourth holy city of Islam with 82 Mosques three of which date from the 10th. Century.
posted
maybe that's how some of them got the hair like that -why does that striaght stuff diminish as you go across Africa west along the same latitude?
Nevertheless, although some trade routes did come form the horn and went west most of the expamsion of Islam, Arab settlers to the Maghreb did not begin from the horn it came from across the sinai. xyyman has the notion that all the arabs that went into North Africa came form South Arabia, had nothing to do with the Levant and were indistinguishable from Africans
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: maybe that's how some of them got the hair like that -why does that striaght stuff diminish as you go across Africa west along the same latitude?
Nevertheless, although some trade routes did come form the horn and went west most of the expamsion of Islam, Arab settlers to the Maghreb did not begin from the horn it came from across the sinai. xyyman has the notion that all the arabs that went into North Africa came form South Arabia, had nothing to do with the Levant and were indistinguishable from Africans
Excuses, excuses, excuses...
That is what euronuts can do best! And it's funny how you keep repeating the same racist rubbish, non-stop! All your racist efforts are being crushed all the time.
Populations in the Horn with thin/ frizzy hair, usually live in high coastal latitude regions. Such as in mountain areas.
You also have to understand the geographic location and climatic conditions of that region. The size is 770,000 sq mi.
Isn't ironic that people from old dispersals in the region look very similar.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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Populations in the Horn with thin/ frizzy hair, usually live in high coastal latitude regions. Such as in mountain areas.
You also have to understand the geographic location and climatic conditions of that region. The size is 770,000 sq mi.
I had already written about the Ethiopian highlands.
frizzy hair is not a hair type, use proper terminology_lioness productions
people with straight or afro hair can get frizzy. Frizzy is by definition thinning damage caused to the ends of the hair strands caused by dryness. Frizzy hair is not of consistent texture
hair types:
Peppercorn - similar to afro, cluster pattern alternates with less dense gaps, San people
Afro - kinky, tightly coiled hair, characteristic of most Africans, some Oceanians
Curly - loosely coiled larger curls
Wavy
Straight
quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol:
Populations in the Horn with thin/ frizzy hair, usually live in high coastal latitude regions. Such as in mountain areas.
You also have to understand the geographic location and climatic conditions of that region. The size is 770,000 sq mi.
I have already written about the Ethiopian highlands
what climactic condition in particular are you referring to as in regards to hair?
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posted
^Where did you write your nonsense? I have never seen it! So stop pulling your Eurocentric "sh*t" out of your lying'ass.
Frizzy hair is conceptually a hair texture within the African context. Its a hair condition many Africans posses. Can't possibly go from one extreme to another with having this intermediate.
I.e. I did not write Ethiopia, I wrote The Horn. When I speak of climate and adaption it flies over your head. I wrote look at the geographical location, where is it placed.
Your racist mindset is so overly obsessed with that Africans need to be "according to your eurocentric stereotype", that you can't see the magnitude of the continent for what it actually is!
quote:The verbal description of hair shape ranges from the classic to the more sophisticated, with terms such as straight, wavy, curly, frizzy, kinky, woolly, helical, etc.
--Worldwide diversity of hair curliness: a new method of assessment. Loussouarn G, et al. (2007)
quote:Physical variations in any given trait tend to occur gradually rather than abruptly over geographic areas. And because physical traits are inherited independently of one another, knowing the range of one trait does not predict the presence of others. For example, skin color varies largely from light in the temperate areas in the north to dark in the tropical areas in the south; its intensity is not related to nose shape or hair texture. Dark skin may be associated with frizzy or kinky hair or curly or wavy or straight hair, all of which are found among different indigenous peoples in tropical regions.These facts render any attempt to establish lines of division among biological populations both arbitrary and subjective.
also friz, 1610s (implied in frizzed), probably from French friser "to curl, dress the hair" (16c.), perhaps from stem of frire "to fry, cook." Assimilated to native frizzle. Related: Frizzed; frizzing. As a noun from 1660s, "frizzed hair."
In African context frizzy hair is a healthy hair condition. It may be hard to manage sometimes, but never the less, it's a healthy and natural hair condition!
To "your people it's odd"!
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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posted
This natural thickness is what makes it frizzy. To you it's damage, awkward so you call it "something problematic and unusual". This is how we expose you for the impostor and liar you are. Again and again and again...
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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I.e. I did not write Ethiopia, I wrote The Horn. When I speak of climate and adaption it flies over your head. I wrote look at the geographical location, where is it placed.
Looking at the geographical location one notices it's proximity to the Arabian peninsula unless there is something else to this guessing game where explantion for change in hair type is left out
I.e. I did not write Ethiopia, I wrote The Horn. When I speak of climate and adaption it flies over your head. I wrote look at the geographical location, where is it placed.
Looking at the geographical location one notices it's proximity to the Arabian peninsula unless there is something else to this guessing game where explantion for change in hair type is left out
Queen Tiye KV 35 Wavy hair
That is you European interpretation.
That doesn't supply the African interpretation. Or even the variation of African hair texture. Your nonsense is completely obsolete rubbish.
Here is a better image, not that fake light overexposed altered images, you euronuts use.
The hair is thick and frizzy. It is a natural African condition. Your funny sketch is not based on African populations. It doesn't represent the African.
Let's zoom in on the geographical location.
Isn't it ironic the isolated Socotra, so nearby, has a very diverse set of phenotypes as an ancient dispersal. Yet the Horn is required to have only the "stereotype" look which euronuts are obsessed over. Eventhou the Horn is many times larger. And happens to be a spinoff from where mankind left Africa.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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hair type is determined by the shape of the folicle
a cross section of the hair strand at the left of the chart indicates the shape
^^^ here is a photo taken in a dark gallery with a spotlight on it. The hair is wavy
^^^ here is photo where we can better see the texture of the hair
Are you claiming her hair is not wavy, that Africans can only have frizzy hair not wavy hair?
frizzy hair is a term with no precision to it. Sometimes it's used to mean regular afro hair. other times it is used to describe dried out hair where the ends split and get at thin tangled look, ask some females about this
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hair type is determined by the shape of the folicle
a cross section of the hair strand at the left of the chart indicates the shape
^^^ here is a photo taken in a dark gallery with a spotlight on it. The hair is wavy
^^^ here is photo where we can better see the texture of the hair
Are you claiming her hair is not wavy, that Africans can only have frizzy hair not wavy hair?
frizzy hair is a term with no precision to it. Sometimes it's used to mean regular afro hair. other times it is used to describe dried out hair where the ends split and get at thin tangled look, ask some females about this
^Yep, here we go again. The same predictive circumvention. LOL
Frizzy hair most relates to Afro-hair textures, because of the "dry appearance" which makes hair thick in appearance. That's why.
It has nothing to do with "dried out splits at the end of the hair [...]". It deals with the natural condition of the hair. I even looked up the etymology, frizzy. LOL
Strands can come out thin and get thicker as the hair gets longer, or come out thick and get thinner as the hair gets longer. All these hip air textures aren't covered in your euro-chard.
So again, the hair is thick and frizzy. I am not talking about how to strand of the hair comes out. I am talking about the texture of the hair itself, it is frizzy! And ironically it's very common in the region where Queen Tiye is from.
I don't have to ask nobody anything about this,
Frizzy hair is a hair texture common among Africans. I already explained to you that you Eurocentric mindset is narrow. And you sketch doesn't apply to African hair textures.
quote:The verbal description of hair shape ranges from the classic to the more sophisticated, with terms such as straight, wavy, curly, frizzy, kinky, woolly, helical, etc.
--Worldwide diversity of hair curliness: a new method of assessment. Loussouarn G, et al. (2007)
quote:Physical variations in any given trait tend to occur gradually rather than abruptly over geographic areas. And because physical traits are inherited independently of one another, knowing the range of one trait does not predict the presence of others. For example, skin color varies largely from light in the temperate areas in the north to dark in the tropical areas in the south; its intensity is not related to nose shape or hair texture. Dark skin may be associated with frizzy or kinky hair or curly or wavy or straight hair, all of which are found among different indigenous peoples in tropical regions.These facts render any attempt to establish lines of division among biological populations both arbitrary and subjective.
also friz, 1610s (implied in frizzed), probably from French friser "to curl, dress the hair" (16c.), perhaps from stem of frire "to fry, cook." Assimilated to native frizzle. Related: Frizzed; frizzing. As a noun from 1660s, "frizzed hair."
also friz, 1610s (implied in frizzed), probably from French friser "to curl, dress the hair" (16c.), perhaps from stem of frire "to fry, cook." Assimilated to native frizzle. Related: Frizzed; frizzing. As a noun from 1660s, "frizzed hair."
posted
^ Yes, that is the epically meaning of the word. Hence;
frizz·i·er
frizz·i·est
The older woman you've posted is frizziest the little girl is frizz.
Reread my post.
quote:
Frizzy hair most relates to Afro-hair textures, because of the "dry appearance" which makes hair thick in appearance. That's why.
It has nothing to do with "dried out splits at the end of the hair [...]". It deals with the natural condition of the hair. I even looked up the etymology, frizzy. LOL
Strands can come out thin and get thicker as the hair gets longer, or come out thick and get thinner as the hair gets longer. All these hip air textures aren't covered in your euro-chard.
So again, the hair is thick and frizzy. I am not talking about how to strand of the hair comes out. I am talking about the texture of the hair itself, it is frizzy! And ironically it's very common in the region where Queen Tiye is from.
Now, look up in google what is being shown, in fashion!
Here is the etymology:
quote: frizz (v.)
also friz, 1610s (implied in frizzed), probably from French friser "to curl, dress the hair" (16c.), perhaps from stem of frire "to fry, cook." Assimilated to native frizzle. Related: Frizzed; frizzing. As a noun from 1660s, "frizzed hair."
quote:The verbal description of hair shape ranges from the classic to the more sophisticated, with terms such as straight, wavy, curly, frizzy, kinky, woolly, helical, etc.
--Worldwide diversity of hair curliness: a new method of assessment. Loussouarn G, et al. (2007)
quote:Physical variations in any given trait tend to occur gradually rather than abruptly over geographic areas. And because physical traits are inherited independently of one another, knowing the range of one trait does not predict the presence of others. For example, skin color varies largely from light in the temperate areas in the north to dark in the tropical areas in the south; its intensity is not related to nose shape or hair texture. Dark skin may be associated with frizzy or kinky hair or curly or wavy or straight hair, all of which are found among different indigenous peoples in tropical regions.These facts render any attempt to establish lines of division among biological populations both arbitrary and subjective.
posted
How many times must Troll beat this bitch down on this hair issiue..It must get tiring. For Troll I mean.
Posts: 8804 | From: The fear of his majesty had entered their hearts, they were powerless | Registered: Nov 2007
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The match is in the fact that in this picture we can see Queens Tiye hair better. And frizzy!
quote: frizz (v.)
also friz, 1610s (implied in frizzed), probably from French friser "to curl, dress the hair" (16c.), perhaps from stem of frire "to fry, cook." Assimilated to native frizzle. Related: Frizzed; frizzing. As a noun from 1660s, "frizzed hair."
Evidence for the Expansion of Arabian Tribes into the Southern Levant and North Africa
Evidence of regional people living on Socotra, who do not directly match genetically. Hence, but are from the OOA. And can be found in a multitude of phenotypes. As is in Northeast Africa. Hence, Northeast Africa is so large, you will not even spot the island of Socotra on a topographic map.
Hence not all of the Northwest Africans have admixture of Arabs. Hence evidence of the Nubian Complex showing local climate adaptions in several places of Africa, during climate changes!
Match:
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol:
the woman at left has this type of curl that is regular and consistent
Queen Tiye has larger irregular waves, it's not curls
Djehutie describes it as wavy and I go by what he says.
^^^^^ so is both of their hair frizzy ?
the term "frizzy" is colloquial
no in depth scientific discussions of hair type us this term.
This what you've posted/ cited.
Hence;
frizz·i·er
frizz·i·est
So, which one do you think is frizzier or frizziest?
quote: frizz (v.)
also friz, 1610s (implied in frizzed), probably from French friser "to curl, dress the hair" (16c.), perhaps from stem of frire "to fry, cook." Assimilated to native frizzle. Related: Frizzed; frizzing. As a noun from 1660s, "frizzed hair."
Hence not all of the Northwest Africans have admixture of Arabs. Hence evidence of the Nubian Complex showing local climate adaptions in several places of Africa, during climate changes!
what particular aspect of the climate causes the hair to change?
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Hence not all of the Northwest Africans have admixture of Arabs. Hence evidence of the Nubian Complex showing local climate adaptions in several places of Africa, during climate changes!
what particular aspect of the climate causes the hair to change?
It could have had different reasons. Just like every other aspect of the human-body, is tended to adapt. Fixed unfixed mutations are mainly causte by environmental change.
I have explained what Sahara weather is like. I even showed you pictures with people wearing winter coats. Besides that there are many different currents in this ecoregion.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol: Evidence of regional people living on Socotra, who do not directly match genetically. Hence, but are from the OOA. And can be found in a multitude of phenotypes. As is in Northeast Africa. Hence, Northeast Africa is so large, you will not even spot the island of Socotra on a topographic map.
Archaeological work over the last century has shown that the island was inhabited from at least the first centuries A.D., and that Socotra was visited and settled by Africans, Arabs and Indians.
Thus if you show a picture, it could be any combination of these people.
Unless you have a picture with a link which claims specific to the specific people in the picture.
Do you have sources that say the Island was inhabited earlier than 3000 years ago?
Posts: 42919 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol: Evidence of regional people living on Socotra, who do not directly match genetically. Hence, but are from the OOA. And can be found in a multitude of phenotypes. As is in Northeast Africa. Hence, Northeast Africa is so large, you will not even spot the island of Socotra on a topographic map.
Archaeological work over the last century has shown that the island was inhabited from at least the first centuries A.D., and that Socotra was visited and settled by Africans, Arabs and Indians.
Thus if you show a picture, it could be any combination of these people.
Unless you have a picture with a link which claims specific to the specific people in the picture.
Do you have sources that say the Island was inhabited earlier than 3000 years ago?
Out of Arabia—The settlement of Island Soqotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity
quote:The Soqotra archipelago is one of the most isolated landmasses in the world, situated at the mouth of the Gulf of Aden between the Horn of Africa and southern Arabia. The main island of Soqotra lies not far from the proposed southern migration route of anatomically modern humans out of Africa ∼60,000 years ago (kya), suggesting the island may harbor traces of that first dispersal. Nothing is known about the timing and origin of the first Soqotri settlers. The oldest historical visitors to the island in the 15th century reported only the presence of an ancient population. We collected samples throughout the island and analyzed mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal variation. We found little African influence among the indigenous people of the island. Although the island population likely experienced founder effects, links to the Arabian Peninsula or southwestern Asia can still be found. In comparison with datasets from neighboring regions, the Soqotri population shows evidence of long-term isolation and autochthonous evolution of several mitochondrial haplogroups. Specifically, we identified two high-frequency founder lineages that have not been detected in any other populations and classified them as a new R0a1a1 subclade. Recent expansion of the novel lineages is consistent with a Holocene settlement of the island ∼6 kya.
posted
Troll P, can you post a photo of any person of any ethnictity who would be described as having wavy hair -wavy hair that would not be described as cury
quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol:
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb]
quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol:
Hence not all of the Northwest Africans have admixture of Arabs. Hence evidence of the Nubian Complex showing local climate adaptions in several places of Africa, during climate changes!
what particular aspect of the climate causes the hair to change?
It could have had different reasons.
what are some of these reasons? what are some of the possibilities?
Posts: 42919 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol: Evidence of regional people living on Socotra, who do not directly match genetically. Hence, but are from the OOA. And can be found in a multitude of phenotypes. As is in Northeast Africa. Hence, Northeast Africa is so large, you will not even spot the island of Socotra on a topographic map.
Archaeological work over the last century has shown that the island was inhabited from at least the first centuries A.D., and that Socotra was visited and settled by Africans, Arabs and Indians.
Thus if you show a picture, it could be any combination of these people.
Unless you have a picture with a link which claims specific to the specific people in the picture.
Do you have sources that say the Island was inhabited earlier than 3000 years ago?
quote:Abstract The Soqotra archipelago is one of the most isolated landmasses in the world, situated at the mouth of the Gulf of Aden between the Horn of Africa and southern Arabia. The main island of Soqotra lies not far from the proposed southern migration route of anatomically modern humans out of Africa approximately 60,000 years ago (kya), suggesting the island may harbor traces of that first dispersal. Nothing is known about the timing and origin of the first Soqotri settlers. The oldest historical visitors to the island in the 15th century reported only the presence of an ancient population. We collected samples throughout the island and analyzed mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal variation. We found little African influence among the indigenous people of the island. Although the island population likely experienced founder effects, links to the Arabian Peninsula or southwestern Asia can still be found. In comparison with datasets from neighboring regions, the Soqotri population shows evidence of long-term isolation and autochthonous evolution of several mitochondrial haplogroups. Specifically, we identified two high-frequency founder lineages that have not been detected in any other populations and classified them as a new R0a1a1 subclade. Recent expansion of the novel lineages is consistent with a Holocene settlement of the island approximately 6 kya.
--Cerný V et al., Am J Phys Anthropol. 2009 Apr;138(4):439-47. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.20960. Out of Arabia-the settlement of island Soqotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity.
The Nubian Complex.
"We found little African influence among the indigenous people of the island. Although the island population likely experienced founder effects, links to the Arabian Peninsula or southwestern Asia can still be found."
They don't seem to have found people that represent the very early lineages, it's just speculation
Posts: 42919 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: Troll P, can yopu post a photo of any person of any ethnictity who would be described as having wavy hair -wavy hair that would not be described as cury
quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol:
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb]
quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol:
Hence not all of the Northwest Africans have admixture of Arabs. Hence evidence of the Nubian Complex showing local climate adaptions in several places of Africa, during climate changes!
what particular aspect of the climate causes the hair to change?
It could have had different reasons.
what are some of these reasons? what are some of the possibilities?
I already have posted such. But you are quick with responding rubbish. And I've already explained that the Sahara has different currents. And I have already told that it gets moist and cold during the night and hot, hotter during the middle of the day.
According to your theory everybody in Africa should have had peppercorn hair. Despite of living in a different climate and terrain.
peppercorn and afro hair are both tightly coiled hair with a flat oval strand.
peppercorn just has a patchy growth pattern
Yes, the pattern is close. But these are NOT the same.
This here exposes you again, as an impostor AA woman.
Afro hair gets looser. On many levels. Only for someone who isn't fermiliar with this it appears as "all the same".
But not all are the same, therefore your Eurocentric chard is meaningless to African hair textures.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol: Evidence of regional people living on Socotra, who do not directly match genetically. Hence, but are from the OOA. And can be found in a multitude of phenotypes. As is in Northeast Africa. Hence, Northeast Africa is so large, you will not even spot the island of Socotra on a topographic map.
Archaeological work over the last century has shown that the island was inhabited from at least the first centuries A.D., and that Socotra was visited and settled by Africans, Arabs and Indians.
Thus if you show a picture, it could be any combination of these people.
Unless you have a picture with a link which claims specific to the specific people in the picture.
Do you have sources that say the Island was inhabited earlier than 3000 years ago?
quote:Abstract The Soqotra archipelago is one of the most isolated landmasses in the world, situated at the mouth of the Gulf of Aden between the Horn of Africa and southern Arabia. The main island of Soqotra lies not far from the proposed southern migration route of anatomically modern humans out of Africa approximately 60,000 years ago (kya), suggesting the island may harbor traces of that first dispersal. Nothing is known about the timing and origin of the first Soqotri settlers. The oldest historical visitors to the island in the 15th century reported only the presence of an ancient population. We collected samples throughout the island and analyzed mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal variation. We found little African influence among the indigenous people of the island. Although the island population likely experienced founder effects, links to the Arabian Peninsula or southwestern Asia can still be found. In comparison with datasets from neighboring regions, the Soqotri population shows evidence of long-term isolation and autochthonous evolution of several mitochondrial haplogroups. Specifically, we identified two high-frequency founder lineages that have not been detected in any other populations and classified them as a new R0a1a1 subclade. Recent expansion of the novel lineages is consistent with a Holocene settlement of the island approximately 6 kya.
--Cerný V et al., Am J Phys Anthropol. 2009 Apr;138(4):439-47. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.20960. Out of Arabia-the settlement of island Soqotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity.
The Nubian Complex.
"We found little African influence among the indigenous people of the island. Although the island population likely experienced founder effects, links to the Arabian Peninsula or southwestern Asia can still be found."
They don't seem to have found people that represent the very early lineages, it's just speculation
Yeah, ironic huh,
quote: In comparison with datasets from neighboring regions, the Soqotri population shows evidence of long-term isolation and autochthonous evolution of several mitochondrial haplogroups.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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posted
"peppercorn" is just a name given to tightly coiled afro hair
key- flat oval follicle
that just has a inique growth pattern,
The fact that some not all San live out of the tropical zone and have a differnt hair growth pattern does not mean Africa has climates comparable to Northern Eurasia and the related hair types.
Kilamnajro has some snow near the top but people live in the lower latitude tropical zone and the people living ther now have not even been living there that long.
^^^^ refer to the folicle shape
^^^ some of these girls you post don't have their hair in it's natural condition, this hair is combed out. It could also be combed back for a less Don Kingish look
look into it
***not that she's not very cute
Posts: 42919 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: "peppercorn" is just a name given to tightly coiled afro hair
key- flat oval follicle
that just has a inique growth pattern,
The fact that some not all San live out of the tropical zone and have a differnt hair growth pattern does not mean Africa has climates comparable to Northern Eurasia and the related hair types.
Kilamnajro has some snow near the top but people live in the lower latitude tropical zone and the people living ther now have not even been living there that long.
^^^^ refer to the folicle shape
^^^ some of these girls you post don't have their hair in it's natural condition, this hair is combed out. It could also be combed back for a less Don Kingish look
look into it
***not that she's not very cute
You are retarded, the picture shows about 21 children. And it was merely an example of what it possible on that island. And even when it's combed out, which is not. It still debunks you. Because "some do and some don't".
People don't live on the Kilimanjaro, stop making up nonsense! The climate difference between the Top and the foot of that mountain are like night and day!
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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[QUOTE] In comparison with datasets from neighboring regions, the Soqotri population shows evidence of long-term isolation and autochthonous evolution of several mitochondrial haplogroups.
It depends on what time span they mean by "long term"
quote:
Recent expansion of the novel lineages is consistent with a Holocene settlement of the island approximately 6 kya.
long term could mean within 6kya I have only read the abstract.
also you can might find such evidence, that doesn't mean that a person who shows such eveidence is not also admixted with later settlers. So you can't look at kids randomly and assume they are 'archaic'
Posts: 42919 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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[QUOTE] In comparison with datasets from neighboring regions, the Soqotri population shows evidence of long-term isolation and autochthonous evolution of several mitochondrial haplogroups.
It depends on what time span they mean by "long term"
quote:
Recent expansion of the novel lineages is consistent with a Holocene settlement of the island approximately 6 kya.
long term could mean within 6kya I have only read the abstract.
also you can might find such evidence, that doesn't mean that a person who shows such eveidence is not also admixted with later settlers. So you can't look at kids randomly and assume they are 'archaic'
Long enough to not show recent genetic affiliation. Ironic isn't it?
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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[QUOTE] In comparison with datasets from neighboring regions, the Soqotri population shows evidence of long-term isolation and autochthonous evolution of several mitochondrial haplogroups.
It depends on what time span they mean by "long term"
quote:
Recent expansion of the novel lineages is consistent with a Holocene settlement of the island approximately 6 kya.
long term could mean within 6kya I have only read the abstract.
also you can might find such evidence, that doesn't mean that a person who shows such eveidence is not also admixted with later settlers. So you can't look at kids randomly and assume they are 'archaic'
The oldest historical visitors to the island in the 15th century reported only the presence of an ancient population. We collected samples throughout the island and analyzed mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal variation. We found little African influence among the indigenous people of the island.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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Kilamnajro has some snow near the top but people live in the lower latitude tropical zone and the people living there now have not even been living there that long.
quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol:
People don't live on the Kilimanjaro, stop making up nonsense! The climate difference between the Top and the foot of that mountain are like night and day! [/QB]
More Africana studying needed
The Chaga are Bantu-speaking indigenous Africans and the third largest ethnic group in Tanzania.They traditionally live on the southern and eastern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Meru and near Moshi.
Posts: 42919 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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Kilamnajro has some snow near the top but people live in the lower latitude tropical zone and the people living there now have not even been living there that long.
quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol:
People don't live on the Kilimanjaro, stop making up nonsense! The climate difference between the Top and the foot of that mountain are like night and day!
More Africana studying needed
The Chaga are Bantu-speaking indigenous Africans and the third largest ethnic group in Tanzania.They traditionally live on the southern and eastern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Meru and near Moshi. [/QB]
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: Troll P, can yopu post a photo of any person of any ethnictity who would be described as having wavy hair -wavy hair that would not be described as cury
quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol:
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb]
quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol:
Hence not all of the Northwest Africans have admixture of Arabs. Hence evidence of the Nubian Complex showing local climate adaptions in several places of Africa, during climate changes!
what particular aspect of the climate causes the hair to change?
It could have had different reasons.
what are some of these reasons? what are some of the possibilities?
I already have posted such. But you are quick with responding rubbish. And I've already explained that the Sahara has different currents. And I have already told that it gets moist and cold during the night and hot, hotter during the middle of the day.
According to your theory everybody in Africa should have had peppercorn hair. Despite of living in a different climate and terrain.
posted
Sadly, after all the rambling I still haven't received an answer to why this info is missing in the link (wiki page) by Roberto Williams. I guess it has to do with his lack on the subject. As more is missing.
quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol: For some odd reason, something is missing in the eurocentric link and on that map above and I do not know why? However, further clarification is needed. As I await patiently.
quote: Islam came to Ethiopia around 615AD. The first Muslims were immigrants from Mecca due to persecution by the ruling Quraysh tribe. The prophet Mohamed (peace and blessings be upon him) felt Ethiopia to be a safe haven for his relatives and companions. Moslem historians refer to it as the first Higra or migration and the Christian Emperor as Ashama ibn Abjar. The prophet instructed his followers to ‘respect and protect Ethiopia and as well as live in peace with Ethiopian Christians. Today Harar, Ethiopia is considered the fourth holy city of Islam with 82 Mosques three of which date from the 10th. Century.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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Tukuler
multidisciplinary Black Scholar
Member # 19944
posted
Rawspect for Ish saves this thread from payback
But ya know, effing one of its threads is like skinning a skinned bitch because she content is phucked to start with
Posts: 8179 | From: the Tekrur straddling Senegal & Mauritania | Registered: Dec 2011
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quote:Originally posted by Tukuler: Rawspect for Ish saves this thread from payback
But ya know, effing one of its threads is like skinning a skinned bitch because she content is phucked to start with
LOL Indeed more lyinass idiocy.
She posts an article on the expansion of Arabians into the Levant and North Africa but then she pushes this agenda that this must somehow explain loose hair texture even among populations OUTSIDE of the regions the paper discusses such as in the Horn and the sahel!
Physical variations in any given trait tend to occur gradually rather than abruptly over geographic areas. And because physical traits are inherited independently of one another, knowing the range of one trait does not predict the presence of others. For example, skin color varies largely from light in the temperate areas in the north to dark in the tropical areas in the south; its intensity is not related to nose shape or hair texture. Dark skin may be associated with frizzy or kinky hair or curly or wavy or straight hair, all of which are found among different indigenous peoples in tropical regions. ]These facts render any attempt to establish lines of division among biological populations both arbitrary and subjective.--American Anthropological Association
Yet despite us repeating the above FACT, the lyinass insists that loose hair is a 'cold-adapted' Eurasian trait.
She identifies straight hair in Africans with Arabian genetic influence despite my swift and sound debunking of that claim HERE!!
Not only do most Horn Africans along the coast have tight kinky or hair but even most Arabians in the south have kinky or very curly hair has well!
Coastal Horn Africans:
Eritreans
Ethiopians (Amhara)
Southern Arabians:
Akhdam
Qarra
Hawt
Seriously, how dumb is the lyinass to repeat lies that have been debunked only recently on a previous thread?! Posts: 26238 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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xyyman study the map, see how the arrows flow. The invasions of the Arabs are coming out of the North of Arabia into North Africa, not eminating from the South of Arabia. They were using Arabs and Arabized armies that included that whole Levant region
Interestingly enough the frequency of J in North Africa corresponds with the territory of the Arab Caliphate.
clade P209 (J in general) and its distribution
hg J-M267 (J1) and its distribution
J-M172 (J2) and its distribution
Note that J2 which is of Levantine or Anatolian origin is negligible in Africa. J1 which is of Arabian origin is the predominant J hg in Africa, yet notice that it's highest frequency in East Africa is in the Sudan yet it's frequency in the Horn is lower especially in the southern areas of the Horn where loose hair is more common. Also note that J1 is nil in the Saharan region where lose wavy hair is most common and is typical of Saharan Berbers a.k.a. Moors!
Posts: 26238 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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UBBFriend: Email this page to someone!
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Indeed more lyinass idiocy.
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