quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
Asiacentricity?
quote:the PDF link is at the top of the thread
Originally posted by xyyman:
I did not read the paper as yet ...but...are modern day Africans...Asians?....hmmm!!
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
Asiacentricity?
quote:the second article which is a reference (second post) of the first article speaks of hap DE:
Originally posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova:
In any event, since 75% of all Y-chromosomes found
in Africa belong to "E", even if any ancient tribes
moved into the continent from say Sinai or other
points, they are still African, and looked like
today's Africans.
quote:It's an interesting story/ theory, the source references material they used is rather relatively old. The youngest sources dates back to 2010.
Originally posted by xyyman:
I did not read the paper as yet ...but...are modern day Africans...Asians?....hmmm!!
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
Asiacentricity?
quote:--Shi Yan (2013)
According to the phylogenetic tree of Y chromosome, all the modern males could be categorized into 20 major monophyletic or paraphyletic groups (referred to as A to T) and their subclades 13,14. Nearly all the Y chromosomes outside Africa are derivative at the SNP M168 and belong to any of its three descendent super-haplogroups – DE, C, and F 9,10,15, strongly supporting the out-of-Africa theory. The time of the anatomically modern human’s exodus from Africa has yielded inconsistent results ranging from 39 kya 16, 44 kya 10, 59 kya 17, 68.5 kya 18 to 57.0 – 74.6 kya 19.
To achieve sufficiently high coverage in the non-recombining regions of Y chromosome (NRY) and an adequate representation of individual samples, we selected 110 males, encompassing the haplogroups O, C, D, N, and Q which are common in East Eurasians, as well as haplogroups J, G, and R which are common in West Eurasians (see Table S1), and sequenced their non-repetitive segments of NRY using a pooling-and-capturing strategy.
Results
Overall ~4,500 base substitutions were identified in all the samples from the whole Y chromosome, in which >4,300 SNPs that has not been publicly named before 2012 (ISOGG etc.). We designated each of these SNP a name beginning with ‘F’ (for Fudan University) (see Table S2).
[...]
The first divergence event out of Africa, i.e. between Haplogroup DE and the ancestor of C and F, is dated at 54.1 kya (95%CI 50.6 – 58.2), inside the range of previous estimations. Within the 3.9 Mbp range, only 3 SNPs were observed between the divergence events of DE/CF and C/F, indicating that DE, C, and F likely emerged subsequently in less than a thousand years. After diverged from Haplogroup C, no major split was observed in F for 18 thousand years, suggesting a strong bottleneck of F lineage. It should be noted that all the primary haplogroups (G, J, N, O, Q, and R) emerged before the last glacial maximum (LGM, ~20 kya), and most of the presently known East Eurasian clades have branched off in the late Upper Paleolithic Age (before 10 kya). Only binary divergences on this tree occurred before 7 kya, suggesting that during the Paleolithic Age, slow population growth and frequent bottlenecks eradicated most of the ever existing clades 22.
quote:--Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2013
The DE haplogroup appeared approximately 50,000 years bp in North East Africa and subsequently split into haplogroup E that spread to Europe and Africa and haplogroup D that rapidly spread along the coastline of India and Asia to North Asia.
quote:--Y-DNA Haplogroup A and its Subclades - 2013
A1a-M31 is observed in northwestern Africans; A1b1a-M14 is seen among click language-speaking Khoisan populations. A1b1b-M32 has a wide distribution including Khoisan speaking and East African populations, and scattered members on the Arabian Peninsula
quote:--Y-DNA Haplogroup B and its Subclades - 2013
Y-DNA haplogroup B, like Y-DNA haplogroup A, is seen only in Africa and is scattered widely, but thinly across the continent. B is thought to have arisen approximately 50,000 years ago. These haplogroups have higher frequencies among hunter-gather groups in Ethiopia and Sudan, and are also seen among click language-speaking populations. The patchy, widespread distribution of these haplogroups may mean that they are remnants of ancient lineages that once had a much wider range but have been largely displaced by more recent population events.
Some geographic structuring is seen between the sub-groups B2a (B-M150) and B2b (B-M112). Sub-group B2b is seen among Central African Pygmies and South African Khoisan. Sub-group B2a is seen among Cameroonians, East Africans, and among South African Bantu speakers. B2a1a (B-M109) is the most commonly seen sub-group of B2a. About 2.3% of African-Americans belong to haplogroup B - with 1.5% of them belonging to the sub-group B2a1a.
quote:--Y-DNA Haplogroup F and its Subclades - 2013
Y-DNA haplogroup F is the parent of all Y-DNA haplogroups G through T and contains more than 90% of the world’s population. Haplogroup F was in the original migration out of Africa, or else it was founded soon afterward, because F and its sub-haplogroups are primarily found outside, with very few inside, sub-Saharan Africa. The founder of F could have lived between 60,000 and 80,000 years ago, depending on the time of the out-of-Africa migration.
The major sub-groups of Haplogroup F are Haplogroups G, H, [IJ], and K, which are discussed elsewhere at this site. The minor sub-groups, F*, F1, and F2 have not been well studied, but apparently occur only infrequently and primarily in the Indian subcontinent. F* has been observed in two individuals in Portugal, possibly representing a remnant of 15th and 16th century contact of Portugal with India.
quote:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929711001649
The deepest branching separates A1b from a monophyletic clade whose members (A1a, A2, A3, B, C, and R) all share seven mutually reinforcing derived mutations (five transitions and two transversions, all at non-CpG sites). To retain the information from the reference MSY tree13 as much as possible, we named this clade A1a-T (Figure 1). Within A1a-T, the transversion V221 separates A1a from a monophyletic clade (called A2-T) consisting of three branches: A2, A3, and BT, the latter being supported by ten mutations (Figure 1).
code:
SNP Location Haplogroup Mutations
M5 M C > T
M9 K, KR C > G
M11 L A > G
M45 P, PR G > A
M69 H T > C
M89 F, FR C > T
M96 E G > C
M122 O3 T > C
M168 CR C > T
M170 I A > C
M174 D T > C
M175 O T > A
M20 G G > T
M207 R A > G
M214 NO T > C
M304 J A > C
M343 R1b C > A
P36 Q G > T
SRY10831.1 BR A > G
quote:http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpA.html
Y-DNA haplogroup A contains lineages deriving from the earliest branching in the human Y chromosome tree. The oldest branching event, separating A0-P305 and A1-V161, is thought to have occurred about 140,000 years ago. Haplogroups A0-P305, A1a-M31 and A1b1a-M14 are restricted to Africa and A1b1b-M32 is nearly restricted to Africa. The haplogroup that would be named A1b2 is composed of haplogroups B through T. The internal branching of haplogroup A1-V161 into A1a-M31, A1b1, and BT (A1b2) may have occurred about 110,000 years ago. A0-P305 is found at low frequency in Central and West Africa. A1a-M31 is observed in northwestern Africans; A1b1a-M14 is seen among click language-speaking Khoisan populations. A1b1b-M32 has a wide distribution including Khoisan speaking and East African populations, and scattered members on the Arabian Peninsula.
quote:thank you
Originally posted by 'Calabooz':
They copy and paste is too much in this thread
quote:You are too dumb of a racist troll to understand that it's you who is doing damage to the forum/ thread. It's you who C/P pseudo blogs and everything in support of your Eurocentric notions.
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:thank you
Originally posted by 'Calabooz':
They copy and paste is too much in this thread
but that's nothing look at the TP posts here:
http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=008677
TP's method of argumention is to swamp the issue with mega posts. You start a thread and he starts a new thread within your thread at the same time (he's trying to compete with zarahan)
Like if this was a debate at a university one guy would would have a 15 minute opening statement and then Troll would come on and at 2AM he he'd still be there on the opening statement speaking to an empty auditorium
quote:I agree. Zaharan etc., is too much. At least if you're going to use a paper to support your argument paraphrase it and leave a link to the study so others can look at it and see if your interpretation is correct then let an adult debate be had. The spam is just too much and derails threads.
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:thank you
Originally posted by 'Calabooz':
They copy and paste is too much in this thread
but that's nothing look at the TP posts here:
http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=008677
TP's method of argumention is to swamp the issue with mega posts. You start a thread and he starts a new thread within your thread at the same time (he's trying to compete with zarahan)
Like if this was a debate at a university one guy would would have a 15 minute opening statement and then Troll would come on and at 2AM he he'd still be there on the opening statement speaking to an empty auditorium
quote:Lionese on Lion:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:thank you
Originally posted by 'Calabooz':
They copy and paste is too much in this thread
but that's nothing look at the TP posts here:
http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=008677
whine whine...
quote:
Originally posted by IronLion:
quote:I dedicate this one to Malibudusul!
Originally posted by IronLion:
The the Black Lord of Rome with his pink-white peregrine thing tingy...
Regard the nappy hair of the Congo Lord of Rome playing with his pink woman.
Lionesee, what you tinking when you looking my chocolate mojo? Eh.. sorry...
MUUUURZZZZ!
Current location: Naples National Archaeological Museum
Accession number Inv.27686
Object history Provenance: venereum, private building, Pompeii
quote:
Originally posted by IronLion:
quote:Is Dorothea a Muur?
Originally posted by the lioness:
..
Dorthea Duchess, pricess of Denmark, Duchess of Prussia (1504-1547)
Gee, IronLion has fu cked me again!
The one above not your own fake ass pink ass Dorothea below: