The Olmec flourished during Mesoamerica's formative period, dating roughly from as early as 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE. Pre-Olmec cultures had flourished in the area since about 2500 BCE, but by 1600–1500 BCE, Early Olmec culture had emerged, centered on the San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán site near the coast in southeast Veracruz
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Skull found in Mexico’s Yucatán. There, in 2007, divers found the nearly intact skeleton of a 15- to 16-year-old girl they called Naia (for the Greek water nymph). This year, scientists announced what Naia’s remains revealed. Multiple methods used to date her teeth and bones suggests that she lived between 12,000 and 13,000 years ago “She has the physical characteristics we expect to see in Paleoamericans, and the genetics say she and modern Native Americans share ancestry,” says James Chatters, an archaeologist who has studied both Naia and Kennewick Man.
Reconstruction of Luzia Woman , the name for an Upper Paleolithic period skeleton of a Paleo-Indian woman who was found in a cave in Brazil. Some archaeologists believe the young woman may have been part of the first wave of immigrants to South America. Nicknamed Luzia (her name pays homage to the famous African fossil "Lucy", who lived 3.2 million years ago), the 11,500-year-old skeleton was found in Lapa Vermelha, Brazil, in 1975 by archaeologist Annette Laming-Emperaire.
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LOL. Luzia existed 11,000 years before the Olmec made there way to America there is no way to compare these groups.
But Luzia, like the Olmec came from West Africa. Luzia was Khoisan or Bushman. The Khoisan founded the Cro-Magnon--Aurignacian culture in Europe. They also introduced the Solutrean culture into Europe and North America.
Boule and Vallois, Fossil Men (1957)note that "We know now that the ethnography of South African tribes presents many striking similarities with the ethnography of our populations of the Reindeer Age. Not to speak of their stone implements which, as we shall see later , exhibit great similarities, Peringuey has told us that in certain burials on the South African coast 'associated with the Aurignacian or Solutrean type industry...."(p.318-319).
They add, that in relation to Bushman art " This almost uninterrupted series leads us to regard the African continent as a centre of important migrations which at certain times may have played a great part in the stocking of Southern Europe. Finally, we must not forget that the Grimaldi Negroid skeletons sho many points of resemblance with the Bushman skeletons". They bear no less a resemblance to that of the fossil Man discovered at Asslar in mid-Sahara, whose characters led us to class him with the Hottentot-Bushman group.
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posted
For thousands of years African/Black sailors were the dominant people on the planet earth.
Researchers have found evidence that Solutrean artifacts on North American sites where Paleo-Native Americans have been found. This has led some researchers to create the so-called Solutrean hypothesis that proposes that ancient America was settled by ancient Europeans.
The proposed Solutrean migration route seems highly unlikely because these early men would have had to brave glaziers and Ice Age tempertures which would have made it impossible to reach North America.
Although a migration from Europe seems highly unlikely 20-15kya because of the Ice Age. Ancient man could have made their way to the Americas directly from Africa which is a shorter distance to the Americas than Europe, and also ancient sailors could have made their way to the Americas on Currents, especially the Gulf Stream, that regularly flow from Africa, to the Americas.
The first Americans Naia, and Luzia dating to 12,000 BC were Negroes
NAIA of Mexico
LUZIA of Brazil
Archaeologist have reconstructed the faces of ancient Americans from Brazil and Mexico. These faces are based on the skeletal remains dating back to 12,000BC.
Researchers agree that the first Americans, Naia of Mexico, Luzia of Brazil and Kennewick Man, found near the Columbia River in Washington, were all Negroes. This finding is not so significant because the first Europeans were also Blacks.
It appears that the first Europeans entered Western Europe across the Straits of Gibraltar. These people were Khoisan. The Khoisan took their art and culture to Europe 40kya. Here they contructed the Aurignacian, Grimaldi and Solutrean cultures. Since the first Europeans had come from North Africa, we also find that the Solutrean culture originated in Africa.
Africa is closer to the Americas than Europe. As you can notice from the map above the Currents could have easily carried the Khoisan from Africa to the Americas. This view is supported by the fact that most ancient archaeological sites of paleo-Indian habitation are nearer to the Atlantic Ocean, than the Pacific.
In addition in Africa we find the Dafuna boat. The Dafuna boat has been dated to 8000 B.C., the culture associated with the people who built the Dafuna boat date back to 12,000 BC. This would indicate that around the time Kennewick man, Naia and Luzia inhabited the Americas, Khoisan in Africa had the naval technology to have sailed to the Americas.
In summary , the Solutrean artifacts in the Americas probably relate to Khoisan from Africa sailing to America. The fact that these ancient people in Europe, Africa and the Americas indicate that for a considerable period of time the world was dominated by Black or Negro people.
posted
The first Americans Naia, and Luzia dating to 12,000 BC were Negroes
NAIA of Mexico
LUZIA of Brazil
Archaeologist have reconstructed the faces of ancient Americans from Brazil and Mexico. These faces are based on the skeletal remains dating back to 12,000BC.
Researchers working on these ancient people note that they resemble Negroes, instead of contemporary Native Americans.
In the Smithsonian Magazine Dr. Chatters who found Naia's skeleton, noted that:
“The small number of early American specimens discovered so far have smaller and shorter faces and longer and narrower skulls than later Native Americans, more closely resembling the modern people of Africa, Australia, and the South Pacific. "This has led to speculation that perhaps the first Americans and Native Americans came from different homelands," Chatters continues, "or migrated from Asia at different stages in their evolution."
Although Dr. Chatters believes these Negroes came from Asia this seems unlikely. It is unlikely because the Ice Age would have made it impossible to sail from Asia to Mexico and Brazil at this time. These Negroes were probably Blacks from Africa. This is the most likely origin of these Blacks; the Dafuna boat dating back to 18,000 BC, shows that Africans had boats at this early date. Posted by Dr. Clyde Winters at 8:46 PM 1 comment: The Khoisan Probably took haplogroups N and y-chromosome R to Eurasia during the Aurignacian period
I quote" The traditional view for the spread of L3(M, N) across Eurasia is that the M and N macrohaplogroups originated in western Eurasia and returned to Africa as a result of back-migration. The big problem for this theory is that the proposed dates for the origin of haplogroups N and M in western Europe, date to a period when these areas were inhabited by Neanderthal people—not AMH. This supports an African origin for L3(M, N).
The craniometric evidence supports a Khoisan presence in Europe during Aurignacian times. If the Khoisan represent the ancient dark skinned European population, this reality should be able to be confirmed by genetic research.
The most archaic AMH remains come from Florished, South Africa; they date between 190 - 330 kya (Rito et al., 2013). Other ancient fossil evidence of AMH in South Africa come from Broken Hill (c. 110 kya) and the Klasis River caves (c. 65 - 105 kya). Researchers have been surprised to find Khoisan and European admixture. The idea that the Khoisan acquired Eurasian admixture via Ethiosemitic speakers is pure speculation (Pickrell et al., 2013). There is no archaeological evidence of Ethiopians migrating into East and South Africa, but there is evidence of an ancient migration of Khoisan into Europe based on archaeological and skeletal data.
The Khoisan carry haplogroups L3(M, N). Before they reached Iberia, they probably stopped in West Africa. The basal L3(M) motiff in West Africa is characterized by the Ddel site np 10,394 and Alul site np 10,397 associated with AF-24. This supports my contention that Khoisan speakers early settled West Africa on their way to Iberia.
Granted L3 and L2 are not as old as LOd, but Gonder et al. (2006) provides very early dates for this mtDNA e.g., L3(M, N) 94.3; the South African Khoisan (SAK) carry L1c, L1, L2, L3 M, N dates to 142.3 kya; the Hadza are L2a, L2, L3, M, N, dates to 96.7 kya.
The dates for L1, L2, L3, M, N are old enough for the Khoisan to have taken N to West Africa, where we find L3, L2 and LOd and thence to Iberia as I suggested in my paper (Winters, 2011). It is interesting to note that LO haplogroups are primarily found among Khoisan and West Africans. This shows that at some point in prehistory the Khoisan had migrated into West Africa.
The first modern European reconstructed by Forensic artist Richard Neave based on skull fragments from 35,000 years ago resembled a Khoisan (Figure 1). The skull was discovered in the southwest region of Romania’s Carpathian Mountains. This supports the research of Boule and Vallois that South Africans migrated into Europe 35 kya. This genetic evidence now supports Boule and Vallois of a Khoisan migration into Europe.
The Khoisan may have introduced the L haplogroup to Iberia. The SAK populations carry haplogroups L2, and L3. de Domínguez (2005), noted that much of the ancient mtDNA found in Iberia has no relationship to the people presently living in Iberia today and correspond to African mtDNA haplogroups. de Domínguez (2005) found that the lineages recovered from ancient Iberian skeletons are the African lineages L1b, L2 and L3."
The paleoamericans were phenotypically African or Australian.
Originally Chatters thought they were Europeans, since his research into Naia he has come around. 12kya the paleoamericans carried the D haplogroup, which in reality is really an M haplogroup. This is obvious when we look at the extract profile of Anzick man.
Anzick Provisional Extract, Es Haplogroup M M – discovered in prehistoric sites, China Lake, British Columbia – 2007 Malhi, Anzick Provisional Extract, Estes, September 2014, kits F999912 and F999913
M1a – Anzick Provisional Extract, Estes, September 2014, kits F999912 and F999913
M1a1b – Anzick Provisional Extract, Estes January 2015 – (1 M1a1b
M1a1e – USA – Olivieri, many Eurasian in Genbank
M1b1 – Anzick Pr ovisional Extract, Estes, September 2014, kits F999912 and F999913
M2a3 – Anzick Provisional Extract, Estes January 2015 – (1 M2a3)
M23 – Anzick Provisional Extract, Estes, September 2014, kits F999912 and F999913, Madagascar – Recaut and Debut, Madagascar Motif
M3 – Anzick Provisional Extract, Estes, September 2014, kits F999912 and F999913
M30c – Anzick Provisional Extract, Estes, September 2014, kits F999912 and F999913
M30d1 – Anzick Provisional Extract, Estes January 2015 – (1 M30d1)
M51 – Anzick Provisional Extract, Estes, September 2014, kits F999912 and F999913
M5b3e – Anzick Provisional Extract, Estes, September 2014, kits F999912 and F999913
M7b1’2 – Anzick Provisional Extract, Estes, September 2014, kits F999912 and F999913, Anzick Provisional Extract, Estes January 2015 – (1 M7b1’2)
M9a3a – Anzick Provisional Extract, Estes, September 2014, kits F999912 and F999913tes January 2015 – (7 D with no subgroup
As laymen we assume that when geneticist extract DNA, they automatically determinw what haplogroup the ancient skeleton carried, but as you can see from these provisional extractions the results are varied.
A few years ago I made a blanket statement in an article that there were no M haplogroups in America. One of the peer reviewers commented that there were M haplogroups in the Americas, and this statement was false. I had not found any literature on M groups in the Americas , so I was surprised to hear this. Some propagandists are upset about the provisional Anzick data because it supports the discovery of M at China Lake in Canada. Claiming the Native Americans belong to the D clade, is just a way of denying the presence of haplogroup M in the Americas.
Archaeologist do not like to talk about the fact that M clades were carried by Native Americans, because then you are able to link the paleoamericans and later groups to Africa.
The paleoamericans, c. 25-10kya were Khoisan. The Khoisan introduced the Solutrean culture into the Americas and Europe. The discovery of M haplogroups in the Americas is further support for my theory that the Khoisan spread L3(M,N) into Europe. See:
Barral, L., & Charles, R. P. (1963). Nouvelles donnees anthropometriques et precision sue les affinities systematiques des negroides de Grimaldi. Bulletin du Musee d’Anthropologie Prehistorique de Monaco, 10, 123-139.
Boule, M., & Vallois, H. V. (1957). Fossil Man. New York: Dryden Press.
Brace, C. L., Seguchi, N., Quintyn, C. B., Fox, S. C., Nelson, A. R., Manolis, S. K., & Pan, Q. F. (2006). The Questionable Contribution of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age to European Craniofacial Form. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103, 242-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509801102
Canfield, V. A., Berg, A., Peckins, S. et al. (2014). Molecular Phylogeography of a Human Autosomal Skin Color Locus under Natural Selection. G3, 3, 2059-2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.113.007484
Caramelli, D., Lalueza-Fox, C., Vernesi, C., Lari, M., Casoli, A., Mallegni, B. C., Dupanloup, I., Bertranpetit, J., Barbujani, G., & Bertorelle, G. (2003). Evidence for a Genetic Discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000 Year-Old Anatomically Modern Europeans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100, 6593-6597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1130343100
Caramelli, D., Milani, L., Vai, S., Modi, A., Pecchioli, E. et al. (2008). A 28,000 Years Old Cro-Magnon mtDNA Sequence Differs from All Potentially Contaminating Modern Sequences. PLoS ONE, 3, e2700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002700
Clark, J. D. (1977). The Origins of Domestication in Ethiopia. 5th Panafrican Congress of Prehistory and Quaternary Studies, Nairobi.
de Domínguez, E. F. (2005). Polimorfismos de DNA mitocondrial en poblaciones antiguas de la cuenca mediterránea. PhD Thesis, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Departament Biologia Animal.
Diop, A. (1974). The African Origin of Civilization. Brooklyn, NY: Lawrence Hill Books.
Diop, A. (1991). Civilization or Barbarism. Brooklyn, NY: Lawrence Hill Books.
Gilead, I. (2005). The Upper Paleolithic Period in the Levant. Journal of World Prehistory, 5, 105-154.
Gonder, M. K., Mortensen, H. M., Reed, F. A., de Sousa, A., & Tishkoff, S. A. (2006). Whole mtDNA Genome Sequence Analysis of Ancient African Lineages. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24, 757-768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msl209
González, A. M., Cabrera, V. M., Larruga, J. M., Tounkara, A., Noumsi, G., Thomas, B. N., & Moulds, J. M. (2006). Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Mauritania and Mali and Their Genetic Relationship to Other Western Africa Populations. Annals of Human Genetics, 70, 631-657. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00259.x?cookieSet=1&journalCode=ahg Haak, W., Forster, P., Bramanti, B., Matsumura, S., Brandt, G., Tänzer, M., Villems, R., Renfrew, C., Gronenborn, D., Alt, K. W., & Burger, J. (2005). Ancient DNA from the First European Farmers 7500-Year-Old Neolithic Sites. Science, 310, 1016-1018.
Holliday, T. (2000). Evolution at the Crossroads: Modern Human Emergence in Western Asia. American Anthropologist, 102, 54-68.
Ki-Zerbo, J. (1981). Unesco General History of Africa Vol. 1: Methodology and African Prehistory. 572.
Olalde, I., Allentoft, M. E., Sanchez-Quinto, F., Santpere, G., Chiang, C. W. K., DeGiorgio, M. et al. (2014). Derived Immune and Ancestral Pigmentation Alleles in a 7,000-Year-Old Mesolithic European. Nature, 507, 225-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12960
Pickrell, J. K., Patterson, N., Loh, P. R., Lipson, M., Berger, B., Stoneking, M., Pakendorf, B., & Reich, D. (2013). Ancient West Eurasian Ancestry in Southern and Eastern Africa. http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.8014
Prufer, K., Racimo, F., Patterson, N., Jay, F., Sankararaman, S., Sawyer, S. et al. (2014). The Complete Genome Sequences of Neanderthal from the Altai, Mountains. Nature, 505, 43-49.
Quibtanana-Murci, L., Semino, O., Bandelt, H. J., Passaro, G., McElreadey, K., & Santachiara-Benerecetti, A. S. (1999). Genetic Evidence of an Early Exit of Homo Sapiens from Africa through Eastern Africa. Nature Genetics, 23, 437-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/70550
Rito, T., Richard, M. B., Fernandes, V., Alshamal, F., Cerny, V., Pereira, L., & Soares, P. (2013). The First Modern Human Dispersals aross Africa. PLoS ONE, 8, e80031.
Scozzari, R., Massaia, A., Trombatta, B., Bellusci, G., Myres, N. M., Novelletto, A., & Cruciani, F. (2014). An Unbiased Resource of Novel SNP Markers Provides a New Chronology for Human Y-Chromosome and Reveals a Deep Phylogenetic Structure in Africa. Genome Research.
Skoglund, P., Malmström, H., Omrak, A., Raghavan, M., Valdiosera, C., Günther, T., Hall, P., Tambets, K., Parik, J.,Sjögren, K. G., Apel, J., Willerslev, E., Storå, J., Götherström, A., & Jakobsson, M. (2014). Genomic Diversity and Admixture Differs for Stone-Age Scandinavian Foragers and Farmers. Science, 344, 747-750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1253448
Stevanovitch, A., Gilles, A., Bouzaid, E., Kefi, R., Paris, F., Gayraud, R. P., Spadoni, J. L., El-Chenawi, F., & Béraud-Colomb, E. (2003). Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Diversity in a Sedentary Population from Egypt. Annals of Human Genetics, 68, 23-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00057.x
Steven, L. K., Stiner, M. C., Reese, D. S., & Gulec, E. (2001). Ornaments of the Earliest Upper Paleolithic: New Insights
from the Levant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98, 7641-7646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.121590798 Wendorf, F. (1968). The History of Nubia. Dallas, TX.
Winters, C. (2008). Aurignacian Culture: Evidence of Western Exit for Anatomically Modern Humans. South Asian Anthropologist, 8, 79-81.
Winters, C. (2010). Origin and Spread of the Haplogroup N. Bioresearch Bulletin, 3, 116-122.
The earliest culture founded by Blacks in Mexico was the Mokaya tradition. The Mokaya tradition was situated on the Pacific coast of Mexico in the Soconusco region. Sedentary village life began as early as 2000BC. By 1700-1500 BC we see many African communities in the Mazatan region. This is called the Barra phase or Ocos complex.
Clyde, people looking like the Olmecs were already in the Americas over 10,000 years ago
why are you trying to steal their legacy ?
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: [QB] .
The Olmec flourished during Mesoamerica's formative period, dating roughly from as early as 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE. Pre-Olmec cultures had flourished in the area since about 2500 BCE, but by 1600–1500 BCE, Early Olmec culture had emerged, centered on the San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán site near the coast in southeast Veracruz
_________________________________________
Skull found in Mexico’s Yucatán. There, in 2007, divers found the nearly intact skeleton of a 15- to 16-year-old girl they called Naia (for the Greek water nymph). This year, scientists announced what Naia’s remains revealed. Multiple methods used to date her teeth and bones suggests that she lived between 12,000 and 13,000 years ago “She has the physical characteristics we expect to see in Paleoamericans, and the genetics say she and modern Native Americans share ancestry,” says James Chatters, an archaeologist who has studied both Naia and Kennewick Man.
Reconstruction of Luzia Woman , the name for an Upper Paleolithic period skeleton of a Paleo-Indian woman who was found in a cave in Brazil. Some archaeologists believe the young woman may have been part of the first wave of immigrants to South America. Nicknamed Luzia (her name pays homage to the famous African fossil "Lucy", who lived 3.2 million years ago), the 11,500-year-old skeleton was found in Lapa Vermelha, Brazil, in 1975 by archaeologist Annette Laming-Emperaire.
The earliest culture founded by Blacks in Mexico was the Mokaya tradition. The Mokaya tradition was situated on the Pacific coast of Mexico in the Soconusco region. Sedentary village life began as early as 2000BC. By 1700-1500 BC we see many African communities in the Mazatan region. This is called the Barra phase or Ocos complex.
Clyde, people looking like the Olmecs were already in the Americas over 10,000 years ago
why are you trying to steal their legacy ?
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: [QB] .
The Olmec flourished during Mesoamerica's formative period, dating roughly from as early as 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE. Pre-Olmec cultures had flourished in the area since about 2500 BCE, but by 1600–1500 BCE, Early Olmec culture had emerged, centered on the San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán site near the coast in southeast Veracruz
_________________________________________
Skull found in Mexico’s Yucatán. There, in 2007, divers found the nearly intact skeleton of a 15- to 16-year-old girl they called Naia (for the Greek water nymph). This year, scientists announced what Naia’s remains revealed. Multiple methods used to date her teeth and bones suggests that she lived between 12,000 and 13,000 years ago “She has the physical characteristics we expect to see in Paleoamericans, and the genetics say she and modern Native Americans share ancestry,” says James Chatters, an archaeologist who has studied both Naia and Kennewick Man.
Reconstruction of Luzia Woman , the name for an Upper Paleolithic period skeleton of a Paleo-Indian woman who was found in a cave in Brazil. Some archaeologists believe the young woman may have been part of the first wave of immigrants to South America. Nicknamed Luzia (her name pays homage to the famous African fossil "Lucy", who lived 3.2 million years ago), the 11,500-year-old skeleton was found in Lapa Vermelha, Brazil, in 1975 by archaeologist Annette Laming-Emperaire.
I have never tried to steal the legacy of the Black Native Mexicans. I have often written about the Black Native Americans, like the Ocos, but the Olmec came directly from Africa.
The Black Costa Chicas or negrocostachicanos in a region where numerous artifacts have been found that indicate that Black cultures trives in Western Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala almost 2000 years before the Olmec sailed to mexico from Africa and landed on the Gulf coast of Mexico.
In Belize , around 2500 B.C., we see evidence of agriculture. The iconography of this period depicts Africoids. And at Izapa in 1358 B.C., astronomer-priests invented the first American calendar. In addition numerous sculptures of blacks dating to the 2nd millennium B.C, have been found at La Venta, Chiapas, Teotihuacan and Tlatilco.
Chiapas Blacks
The earliest culture founded by Blacks in the Pacific coats region was the Mokaya tradition. The Mokaya tradition was situated on the Pacific coast of Mexico in the Soconusco region. Sedentary village life began as early as 2000BC. By 1700-1500 BC we see many African communities in the Mazatan region. This is called the Barra phase or Ocos complex.
During the Barra phase these Blacks built villages amd made beautiful ceramic vessels often with three legs. They also made a large number of effigy vessels.
The figurines of the Ocos are the most significant evidence for Blacks living in the area during this period. The female figurine from Aquiles Serdan is clearly that of an African woman. Ocos Female
The Blacks of the Mokaya traditions were not Olmec. The civilization of the Mokaya traditions began 700 years before the Olmec arrived in Mexico.
Cherla
In most history text the Ocos are presented as the original founders of Mayan civilization. As you can see from the art they do not look like native Americans they look negro like other Africans.
The Mongoloid Mexicans do not look like the Olmecs either
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Mexicans who look like Africans today look this way because of admicture with African slaves since the Atlantic Slave Trade.
Mexicans who look like Africans today look this way because of admicture with African slaves since the Atlantic Slave Trade.
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^^^^ These are not Mexicans that look like Africans
They are Mexicans that look like Mexicans
Mexico is less than 5% African.
These are the admixed higher African ancestry percentage Afro-Mexicans who live in specific regions in Mexico, mainly Costa Chica
You are wrong. The African presence is more extensive than 5%, and Black Mexicans live in other areas besides Costa Chica.
There are no “pure” Mexicans. Lisker noted that between 5-50% of Mexican Indian genes are African genes. See: Suarez-Diaz,(2014) Indigenous populations in Mexico. Medical anthropology in the Work of Ruben Lisker in the 1960’s. Studies in History and Philosop-hy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 47 (p.117). The frequency of African ,and Mestizos’ admixture ranges between 20-40% Due to African admixture modern Mexicans look like the Olmecs and Africans generally. Some researchers claim that as many as seventy-five percent of the Mexicans have an African heritage (Green et al, 2000). Although this may be the case Marco P. Hernadez Cuevas in African Mexicans and the discourse on Modern Mexico.Oxford: says these Africans have been erased from history. And that 75% of Mexicans carry African genes. In a discussion of the Mexican and African admixture in Mexico Lisker et al (1996) noted that the East Coast of Mexico had extensive admixture. The following percentages of African ancestry were found among East coast populations: Paraiso - 21.7%; El Carmen - 28.4% ;Veracruz - 25.6%; Saladero - 30.2%; and Tamiahua - 40.5%. Among Indian groups, Lisker et al (1996) found among the Chontal have 5% and the Cora .8% African admixture. The Chontal speak a Mayan language. According to Crawford et al. (1974), the mestizo population of Saltillo has 15.8% African ancestry, while Tlaxcala has 8% and Cuanalan 18.1%.
In a discussion of the Mexican and African admixture in Mexico Lisker et al (1996) noted that the East Coast of Mexico had extensive admixture. The following percentages of African ancestry were found among East coast populations: Paraiso - 21.7%; El Carmen - 28.4% ;Veracruz - 25.6%; Saladero - 30.2%; and Tamiahua - 40.5%. Among Indian groups, Lisker et al (1996) found among the Chontal have 5% and the Cora .8% African admixture. The Chontal speak a Mayan language. According to Crawford et al. (1974), the mestizo population of Saltillo has 15.8% African ancestry, while Tlaxcala has 8% and Cuanalan 18.1%.
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Man of the 90s, stop trying to spin this and with such old material when this is 2015
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: URL=http://www.ephotobay.com/share/picture-28-73.html] [/URL]
^^^^ Clyde, large urban centers 2.7-11% and that is of the mestizo population specifically
YOUR OWN SOURCE LISKER 1996
So we see again large urban centers 2.7-11%
average 7%
CLYDE ARE YOU ARGUING THAT THE AVERAGE MEXICAN IS MORE ADMIXTED WITH AFRICAN SLAVES THEN STATED IN YOUR OWN SOURCE???
Clyde you seem to spin these arguments to support your pre-conceived theories
For some reason you feel need to make a point that there are no Olmec descendants living today and that any resemblance of modern Mexicans today can't be due to them being descendants of Olmecs
WHY CLYDE ??
WHY is that not a possibility ???
WHY can't you say the MIGHT be descendants of the Olmecs OR African slaves ???
Why do you want to deprive modern Mexicans of any possible connection to the Olmecs ??
And at the same time you have recently been doing a lot of posts on "Black Native Americans" of North America yet in this case you take the reverse position !!! In this case you don't even mention African slaves yet they were mixing with some of the North American Native American tribes!!
That's a double standard to put it mildly
Posts: 42925 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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In a discussion of the Mexican and African admixture in Mexico Lisker et al (1996) noted that the East Coast of Mexico had extensive admixture. The following percentages of African ancestry were found among East coast populations: Paraiso - 21.7%; El Carmen - 28.4% ;Veracruz - 25.6%; Saladero - 30.2%; and Tamiahua - 40.5%. Among Indian groups, Lisker et al (1996) found among the Chontal have 5% and the Cora .8% African admixture. The Chontal speak a Mayan language. According to Crawford et al. (1974), the mestizo population of Saltillo has 15.8% African ancestry, while Tlaxcala has 8% and Cuanalan 18.1%.
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Man of the 90s, stop trying to spin this and with such old material when this is 2015
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: URL=http://www.ephotobay.com/share/picture-28-73.html] [/URL]
^^^^ Clyde, large urban centers 2.7-11% and that is of the mestizo population specifically
YOUR OWN SOURCE LISKER 1996
So we see again large urban centers 2.7-11%
average 7%
CLYDE ARE YOU ARGUING THAT THE AVERAGE MEXICAN IS MORE ADMIXTED WITH AFRICAN SLAVES THEN STATED IN YOUR OWN SOURCE???
Clyde you seem to spin these arguments to support your pre-conceived theories
For some reason you feel need to make a point that there are no Olmec descendants living today and that any resemblance of modern Mexicans today can't be due to them being descendants of Olmecs
WHY CLYDE ??
WHY is that not a possibility ???
WHY can't you say the MIGHT be descendants of the Olmecs OR African slaves ???
Why do you want to deprive modern Mexicans of any possible connection to the Olmecs ??
And at the same time you have recently been doing a lot of posts on "Black Native Americans" of North America yet in this case you take the reverse position !!! In this case you don't even mention African slaves yet they were mixing with some of the North American Native American tribes!!
That's a double standard to put it mildly
I don't have to spend anything the facts speak for themselves.
There are no unmixed Mexicans.
Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: I don't have to spend anything the facts speak for themselves.
There are no unmixed Mexicans.
More spin Clyde. The average African ancestry of Mexico is under 5%
Population of Mexico 95.39 million (1995)
Using your chart and adding population of each region (using recent data, that's much more than 1995, even)
you get
Paraiso 86,632 El Carmen 6,996 Veracruz 7.643 million Saladero 1379 Tamihua 4849
Add up all the numbers>>
= under 8 million
that = 8% of the total popualtion
And now if you look at the African percentage on your chart they are all under all under 40% so it's only 40% of the 8 million
3.2% of the total
Clyde stop spinning
You are trying to deny Mexicans any connection to their own ancient ancestors, trying to say they are heavily mixed with African slaves but of course most Mexicans by a wide margin have little African ancestry
Yet when it comes to North American Indians all of the sudden you make no mention of admixture with Africna slaves
Clyde this is beyond inconsistent
Mexico had an active slave trade since the early colonial period and an estimated 200,000 Africans were brought there.
From the beginning, the slaves, who were mostly male, intermarried with indigenous women.
Less than 1% of Mexico's population today has significant African ancestry
Posts: 42925 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: I don't have to spend anything the facts speak for themselves.
There are no unmixed Mexicans.
More spin Clyde. The average African ancestry of Mexico is under 5%
Population of Mexico 95.39 million (1995)
Using your chart and adding population of each region (using recent data, that's much more than 1995, even)
you get
Paraiso 86,632 El Carmen 6,996 Veracruz 7.643 million Saladero 1379 Tamihua 4849
Add up all the numbers>>
= under 8 million
that = 8% of the total popualtion
And now if you look at the African percentage on your chart they are all under all under 40% so it's only 40% of the 8 million
3.2% of the total
Clyde stop spinning
You are trying to deny Mexicans any connection to their own ancient ancestors, trying to say they are heavily mixed with African slaves but of course most Mexicans by a wide margin have little African ancestry
Yet when it comes to North American Indians all of the sudden you make no mention of admixture with Africna slaves
Clyde this is beyond inconsistent
Mexico had an active slave trade since the early colonial period and an estimated 200,000 Africans were brought there.
From the beginning, the slaves, who were mostly male, intermarried with indigenous women.
Less than 1% of Mexico's population today has significant African ancestry
This is a silly comment. The figures speak for themselves. .
quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: This is a silly comment. The figures speak for themselves. .
.
I am not going to keep discussing this matter.
.
You won't discuss it becasue it's a smart comment. You thought if you put up this chart I wouldn't analyze it
But I did. I looked up the regions menationed on it and show that it does not represent the whole of Mexico.
Again, higher percenatges of African ancestry are limited to specific regions of Mexico and there are not many of them compared to the whole country
In average African ancestry for the country is under 5% and if you assme there are no "pure mexicans" that is mostly due to admixture with Europeans which is heavy.
quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters:
^^^^ THESE MEXICIANS FEATURES VARY NOT BECAUSE THEY ARE AFRO-MEXICAN DESCENDANTS OF SLAVES
THESE MEXICANS FEATURES VARY BECAUSE SOME OF THEM ARE RELATED TO PALEOAMERICANS THOUSANDS OF YEARS BEFORE 14TH CENTURY WEST AFRICANS [/QB]
I won't discuss it because its a stupid comment the statistics speak for themselves.
Non-mixed Mexicans do not look like Africans or the Olmec. .
posted
Reconstruction of Luzia Woman , the name for an Upper Paleolithic period skeleton of a Paleo-Indian woman who was found in a cave in Brazil. Some archaeologists believe the young woman may have been part of the first wave of immigrants to South America. Nicknamed Luzia (her name pays homage to the famous African fossil "Lucy", who lived 3.2 million years ago), the 11,500-year-old skeleton was found in Lapa Vermelha, Brazil, in 1975 by archaeologist Annette Laming-Emperaire.
Indigenous people of the Americas, descendants of PaleoamericansPosts: 42925 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: Reconstruction of Luzia Woman , the name for an Upper Paleolithic period skeleton of a Paleo-Indian woman who was found in a cave in Brazil. Some archaeologists believe the young woman may have been part of the first wave of immigrants to South America. Nicknamed Luzia (her name pays homage to the famous African fossil "Lucy", who lived 3.2 million years ago), the 11,500-year-old skeleton was found in Lapa Vermelha, Brazil, in 1975 by archaeologist Annette Laming-Emperaire.
Indigenous people of the Americas, descendants of Paleoamericans
LOL. These are not indigenous Mexicans, they are Mestizos.
These Mestizos do not look like the indigenous Maya. .
Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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posted
The Olmec flourished during Mesoamerica's formative period, dating roughly from as early as 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE. Pre-Olmec cultures had flourished in the area since about 2500 BCE, but by 1600–1500 BCE, Early Olmec culture had emerged, centered on the San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán site near the coast in southeast Veracruz
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Skull found in Mexico’s Yucatán. There, in 2007, divers found the nearly intact skeleton of a 15- to 16-year-old girl they called Naia (for the Greek water nymph). This year, scientists announced what Naia’s remains revealed. Multiple methods used to date her teeth and bones suggests that she lived between 12,000 and 13,000 years ago “She has the physical characteristics we expect to see in Paleoamericans, and the genetics say she and modern Native Americans share ancestry,” says James Chatters, an archaeologist who has studied both Naia and Kennewick Man.
Reconstruction of Luzia Woman , the name for an Upper Paleolithic period skeleton of a Paleo-Indian woman who was found in a cave in Brazil. Some archaeologists believe the young woman may have been part of the first wave of immigrants to South America. Nicknamed Luzia (her name pays homage to the famous African fossil "Lucy", who lived 3.2 million years ago), the 11,500-year-old skeleton was found in Lapa Vermelha, Brazil, in 1975 by archaeologist Annette Laming-Emperaire.
Clyde why do you want people to believe that modern Mexicans have no connection to Paleoamerican Mexicans?
Clyde why do you want people to believe that broad featured Mexicans have broad features only because of admixture with African slaves?
Why can't it be both, tell us Clyde
Did it ever occur to you paleoamericans mixed with and evolved from a diversity of Americas groups thousands of years before the Olmecs and the African slave trade ??
Clyde why do you want people to believe that modern Mexicans have no connection to Paleoamerican Mexicans?
Clyde why do you want people to believe that broad featured Mexicans have broad features only because of admixture with African slaves?
Why can't it be both, tell us Clyde
Did it ever occur to you paleoamericans mixed with and evolved from a diversity of Americas groups thousands of years before the Olmecs and the African slave trade ??
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Anything is possible but the faces you present are Mestizos. They are of Mexicans who have mixed with Africans since the Atlantic Slave trade.
Of course the paleoamericans descendants still live in Mexico. They are the Black Mexicans. The Black Costa Chicas or negrocostachicanos in a region where numerous artifacts have been found that indicate that Black cultures trives in Western Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala almost 2000 years before the Olmec sailed to mexico from Africa and landed on the Gulf coast of Mexico.
In Belize , around 2500 B.C., we see evidence of agriculture. The iconography of this period depicts Africoids. And at Izapa in 1358 B.C., astronomer-priests invented the first American calendar. In addition numerous sculptures of blacks dating to the 2nd millennium B.C, have been found at La Venta, Chiapas, Teotihuacan and Tlatilco.
Chiapas Blacks
The earliest culture founded by Blacks in the Pacific coats region was the Mokaya tradition. The Mokaya tradition was situated on the Pacific coast of Mexico in the Soconusco region. Sedentary village life began as early as 2000BC. By 1700-1500 BC we see many African communities in the Mazatan region. This is called the Barra phase or Ocos complex.
During the Barra phase these Blacks built villages amd made beautiful ceramic vessels often with three legs. They also made a large number of effigy vessels.
The figurines of the Ocos are the most significant evidence for Blacks living in the area during this period. The female figurine from Aquiles Serdan is clearly that of an African woman. Ocos Female
The Blacks of the Mokaya traditions were not Olmec. The civilization of the Mokaya traditions began 700 years before the Olmec arrived in Mexico.
Cherla
In most history text the Ocos are presented as the original founders of Mayan civilization. As you can see from the art they do not look like native Americans they look negro like other Africans.
The Mongoloid Mexicans do not look like the Olmecs either
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Mexicans who look like Africans today look this way because of admixture with African slaves since the Atlantic Slave Trade.
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