posted
Apocalypto revisited – Africans in the Americas Holocene times
Journal of Human Evolution 45 (2003) 19–42
Early Holocene human skeletal remains from Santana do Riacho, Brazil: implications for the settlement of the New World -Walter Alves Neves
Abstract In this study we compare the cranial morphology of several late Paleoindian skeletons uncovered at Santana do Riacho, Central Brazil, with worldwide human cranial variation. Mahalanobis Distance and Principal Component Analysis are used to explore the extra-continental morphological affinities of the Brazilian Paleoindian sample. Santana do Riacho is a late Paleoindian burial site where approximately 40 individuals were recovered in varying states of preservation. The site is located at Lagoa Santa/Serra do Cipo´ , State of Minas Gerais. The first human activities in this rockshelter date back to the terminal Pleistocene, but the burials are bracketed between circa 8200 and 9500 BP. The collection contains only six skulls well-enough preserved to be measured. The Santana do Riacho late Paleoindians present a cranial morphology characterized by long and narrow neurocrania, low and narrow faces, with low nasal apertures and orbits. The multivariate analyses show that they exhibit strong morphological affinities with present day Australians and Africans, showing no resemblance to recent Northern Asians and Native Americans. These findings confirm our long held opinion that the settlement of the Americas was more complicated in terms of biological input than has been widely assumed. The working hypothesis is that two very distinct populations entered the New World by the end of the Pleistocene, and that the transition between the cranial morphology of the Paleoindians and the morphology of later Native Americans, which occurred around 8-9 ka, was abrupt. This, in our opinion, is a more parsimonious explanation for the diversity detected than a long, local microevolutionary process mediated by selection and drift. The similarities of the first South Americans with sub-Saharan Africans may result from the fact that the non-Mongoloid Southeast Asian ancestral population came, ultimately, from Africa, with no major modification in the original cranial bau plan of the first modern humans.Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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Now as I said this can be resolved very quickly. According to the author 2 populations entered the Americas. The first being "African looking" peoples. Why don't they genetically test the skeletal material? Now imagine if these turned out to be peoples carry YDNA E1b1a/b, Rv88 etc That will turn the world on its head. We will have to unlearn all the lies they taught us including Slavery. This Covid thing has opening our eyes on indoctrination and mind control. And who controls the narrative.
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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I watched the movie again last night and did not realize the heavy African culture and influence in the movie.
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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“In the last decade, new models about the origins and the biological affinities of the first Americans have been suggested (see Powell and Neves, 1999; Steele and Powell, 2002 for reviews). One of the most interesting and debated issues is that new studies show a cranial morphology for terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene populations in the Americas **outside the range** of variation of modern Amerindians, both in North and South America (Jantz and Owsley, 2001).”
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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“Well-dated early skeletal remains are rare in the New World, particularly in North America, where specimens consist of isolated individuals found in widely separated geographic In South America **many** skeletons are putatively assumed to be of Late Pleistocene/ Early Holocene age, but most of these skeletons were never accurately dated, either by precise stratigraphic association, or by directly dating human bone collagen. The human skeletons recovered at Santana do Riacho are an exception. The radiocarbon dating of charcoal in good stratigraphic association with human burials, together with direct dating of human bone collagen, indicates a burial event during the Early Holocene (ca. 9500 BP, see below).”
Xyyman – so it seem like these early Americans either came across the Ocean or via land connection through Southern Africa /Southern Americas and NOT Asia and North America. All American civilization was from the South and/or Central America ie hot sub-tropical regions
Quote:
“By changing area, she was hoping to find undisturbed archaeological sites. Santana do Riacho, first visited by Laming-Emperaire and one of the authors (AP) in 1976, matched her expectations of a fairly intact archaeological site. The location was well-known to local inhabitants because of the extraordinary **prehistoric paintings** along its wall.”
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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Quotes: “The idea of two distinct populations entering the New World by the end of the Pleistocene was recently reinforced by cultural evidence. Based on a comprehensive review of early projectile points found in North America suggested that two major colonizing events occurred in the v Americas. One (circa 13,500 BP) relying on atlatl darts as the primary weapon system, and the other (10,500 BP) relying on the use of bow and arrow. Recognizing the non-Mongoloid3 affinities of the first South Americans highlights a further problem: Where did these earliest population come from? As we have emphasized elsewhere, an appropriate answer to this question is hampered by our limited knowledge about human evolutionary events in East Asia, and particularly in Northeast Asia during the late Pleistocene (few human fossils are available for this period in the region).”
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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Discrepancy between Cranial and DNA Data of Early Americans: Implications for American Peopling S. Ivan Perez ,Valeria Bernal,Paula N. Gonzalez,Marina Sardi,Gustavo G. Politis
quote:Originally posted by xyyman: imagine if these turned out to be peoples carry YDNA E1b1a/b, Rv88 etc That will turn the world on its head. We will have to unlearn all the lies they taught us including Slavery.
what lies?
The Holocene is the geological period we are currently in. It began 11,550 years ago,
if they discovered Pre-Columbian E1 that would not mean the Trans Atlantic slave trade did not also occur
quote:Originally posted by xyyman: I watched the movie again last night and did not realize the heavy African culture and influence in the movie.
Good roundup of studies. Apocalypto is one of my top tens. What African cultural influences to you see in it?
-------------------- Note: I am not an "Egyptologist" as claimed by some still bitter, defeated, trolls creating fake profiles and posts elsewhere. Hapless losers, you still fail. My output of hard data debunking racist nonsense has actually INCREASED since you began.. Posts: 5905 | From: The Hammer | Registered: Aug 2008
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Not sure Mel Gibson got the timeline right because he posit that smallpox among Native Americans preceded Europeans.
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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quote:Originally posted by xyyman: Apocalypto revisited – Africans in the Americas Holocene times
Journal of Human Evolution 45 (2003) 19–42
Early Holocene human skeletal remains from Santana do Riacho, Brazil: implications for the settlement of the New World -Walter Alves Neves
Abstract In this study we compare the cranial morphology of several late Paleoindian skeletons uncovered at Santana do Riacho, Central Brazil, with worldwide human cranial variation. Mahalanobis Distance and Principal Component Analysis are used to explore the extra-continental morphological affinities of the Brazilian Paleoindian sample. Santana do Riacho is a late Paleoindian burial site where approximately 40 individuals were recovered in varying states of preservation. The site is located at Lagoa Santa/Serra do Cipo´ , State of Minas Gerais. The first human activities in this rockshelter date back to the terminal Pleistocene, but the burials are bracketed between circa 8200 and 9500 BP. The collection contains only six skulls well-enough preserved to be measured. The Santana do Riacho late Paleoindians present a cranial morphology characterized by long and narrow neurocrania, low and narrow faces, with low nasal apertures and orbits. The multivariate analyses show that they exhibit strong morphological affinities with present day Australians and Africans, showing no resemblance to recent Northern Asians and Native Americans. These findings confirm our long held opinion that the settlement of the Americas was more complicated in terms of biological input than has been widely assumed. The working hypothesis is that two very distinct populations entered the New World by the end of the Pleistocene, and that the transition between the cranial morphology of the Paleoindians and the morphology of later Native Americans, which occurred around 8-9 ka, was abrupt. This, in our opinion, is a more parsimonious explanation for the diversity detected than a long, local microevolutionary process mediated by selection and drift. The similarities of the first South Americans with sub-Saharan Africans may result from the fact that the non-Mongoloid Southeast Asian ancestral population came, ultimately, from Africa, with no major modification in the original cranial bau plan of the first modern humans.
Wooow so this is a hidden gem. The Sub Saharan elements did not begin with the Olmecs from what I gather in this study. This study's finding is also support for Dr. Winter's claim that the non black element in the Americas is only around 6,000 years old. Why do they say that the migrants from 15,000 BP from Asia were "Mongloid" as in contemporary Asian or is that an assumption on the part of the reader?
Posts: 10 | From: Atlanta | Registered: Jun 2020
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quote:Originally posted by Treday: Wooow so this is a hidden gem. The Sub Saharan elements did not begin with the Olmecs from what I gather in this study. This study's finding is also support for Dr. Winter's claim that the non black element in the Americas is only around 6,000 years old. Why do they say that the migrants from 15,000 BP from Asia were "Mongloid" as in contemporary Asian or is that an assumption on the part of the reader?
They claim the Paleoamericans came from Asia to stay on Code (i.e., White Supremacy). The craniometrics make it clear Paleoamericans were "negroes", they just want to make them Melanesian or Australian Aborigines. They know the Ice made it impossible to walk or sail to the Americas before 15,000BC. Since this is true, the only place they could have come from nearest to the Americas was Africa. Acknowledgement of this reality w0ould upset--overturn the white supremacist view Africans were incapable of navigation and boat building. To declare Sub-Saharan Africans were the first in America would destroy the myth Africans are inferior to everybody else on earth.
Dr. Guidon did not subscribe to this view. She made it clear that as a result of her research studies in the Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil, the first Americans had to have come from Africa due to the Ice that covered Eurasia and North America. This was verified by the craniometric research of Dr. Nieves and others.
Since archaeology and craniometrics never supported the White Supremacist view that mongoloids were in the Americas before Negroes, recently the "Establishment" tried to use genetics to support the lie mongoloids were the first Americans. They admitted that Native Americans belonged to the mtDNA M subclades A, B. Recently, geneticists claimed the PaleoAmericanns were related to ancient Eurasians who carried mtDNA haplogroup D. This worked out well until I pointed out that mtDNA D, is the Asian name for African M1.
This was funny to me because the first Europeans and Americans between 40,000 BC --15,000 BC were Khoisan. They were replaced after 12,000 BC by the Anu Pygmies who entered the Americas over land trails and by sea.
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The White Supremacists can no longer relie on genetics to support their racist claims. They can not use geneticists to support their claims, because a careful review of the geneticis literature will illustrate how racist have renamed African genes/haplogroups to deny their African origin.
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-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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