“Do unto them as unto the Midianites; as to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the brook of Kishon:” Psalms 83:9
In the previous sections we saw that the Banu Ghassan an early Christian people who entered Syria in the time of the Sassanids had formerly been the Arabian people southeast of Mecca called Kassanitae (by Ptolemy), Gasandeis (1st c. Diodorus) and Cassandreis or Kasandreis of Agatharchides was Kushan or Jokhan of the Bible. Jan Retso considered that the town of Gasandoi might be connected with the present town of Gizan just north of Yemeni border. However the al Baladhuri (Ibn Butlan) in the 9th c. said they took their name from the spring called Ghassan.
Modern Jizani's dance
In the Bible this is the river called Kishon. Masudi said the Gasan originated “near a pool named Gassan, between two valleys called Zebid and Rima”. This Rima refers to the modern Rimah ,Yemen.. The Biblical translators wrote the word as Zared or Zerid. Numbers 21:12 says - From there they set out and camped in Wadi Zered. (New American Standard Bible. )
Or else it was translated, “From thence they removed [i.e., from the wilderness which is before Moab, toward the sunrising], and pitched in the valley of Zared. From thence they removed and pitched on the other side of Arnon . . And from thence to Beer [pool]: that is, the well whereof the Lord spake unto Moses, Gather the people together, and I will give them water. Then Israel sang this song, Spring up, O well; sing ye unto it . . .” Numbers 21:12-17.
Another name closely associated with the Kushan of Zabid were the people known to the late kingdom Egyptians as the “Shasu” of Edom or Se’ir, a tall people, bedouin pastoralistists thought to have worshipped a deity named Yahwe. “Tribal leaders of the Kushu (the Biblical Kushan) the precursor of Edom in the 18th /19th centuries B.C.E.included “one Ya’ush” the “same name that appears in Genesis 36:5:14 (qere), and 18” as Jeush of the Edomites. These lived in the original Canaan of the Yemen where also a people known as the Se’irites lived…. Ramses II refers often to the plundering of the land of the Se’ir/Shasu…Ramses III devastated the Se’irites among the clans of the Shasu.” (See “Egyptian Interventions in the Levant in Iron Age II” by Kenneth Kitchen in Symbiosis, Symbolism and the Power of the Past: Canaan, Ancient Israel in their neighbors from the Late Bronze Age through Roman Palaestina, edited by William Dever, and Seymour Gitin, 2003 p. 116. )
The giant Shasu represented by the ancient Egyptians
“Ya’ush was a military commander” whom some have suggested is Jeush the ruler of Edom mentioned in Genesis 36:15-18. (See - An Antique Land An Introduction to Ancient Near Eastern literature, by Carl S. Ehrlich, 2008, p. 334. ) The land of Shasu was in the neighborhood of Edom, Kushan or Kushu, Moab, Pithom and Succoth and the people of Se’ir. Shasu are described as a tall people 4-5 cubits (Papyrus of Anasasi I which is between 7-8 feet tall) in height with “fierce” faces. The description of the height is in agreement with later peoples of Hejaz especially the Azd groups of Khazraj Aus, and Dawasir, Djowaser or Daus. The latter may “ Jeush”. Ubada bin Samit one of the Khazraj chiefs of the time of the Prophet is described as being over 7 feet or 8 feet in height in certain traditions. The Khazraj and Aus of the Azd are tall black and huge literally giants of the Hijaz even in the the time of the Prophet (pbuh). Individuals described by Aus and Khazraj around Medina and Mecca are described as huge stature in stature - aside from being black. (See quotes from early sources in, The Unknown Arabs by Tariq Berry).
Anson Rainey wrote, “It may be just a curiosity but among the lands of the Shasu in a list from temples of the 18th and 19th Dynasties the following reference appears. …‘The Land of the Shasu Yahwe’. Is this a reference to Yahwe? No one knows but it is interesting to note that in the very ancient and archaic poem called ‘The Son of Deborah’ we find Judge 5:4 …Yahweh when you went out from Se’ir , when you marched from the region of Edom, the earth trembled and the heavens poured, the clouds indeed poured water.” (See “Amarna and Later: Aspects of Social History” by Anson F. Rainey in the book, Symbiosis, Symbolism and the power of the Past, 2003, p. 180. ) “Ya’ush was a military commander”. Some think he is Jeush the ruler of Edom. mentioned in Genesis 36:15-18. (See An Antique Land An Introduction to Ancient Near Eastern literature, by Carl S. Ehrlich, 2008, p. 334. ) All the above people and place names are identifiable as the Arabian Kush (Tihama – of Ibn Mudjawir and the land of Biblical Zerah), Wadi Idimah, the modern Um al Yab or Mu’ab, Al Futaymah (Pithom), Suqqut (Succoth) and Banu Sei’ar (se’irites) in the Yemen and the Asir Tihama. (Se The Bible Came from Arabia by Kamal Salibi). The name Shasu was in fact transferred to Africa and the region of “Sasu” in Somalia in the early Christian era.
“Cosmas’, a Greek sailor of the Byzantine period included in his geographical work “much valuable geographical information…In this passage he describes the gold trade with the peoples of Axum’s African hinterland that made Axum one of the principal sources of gold for the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity. ‘That country known as the Sasu is itself near the ocean, just as the ocean is near the frankincense country, in which there are many gold mines. The King of the Axumites accordingly, every other year, through the governor of Agau, sends thither special agents to bargain for the gold…” (See Ancient African Civilizations: Kush and Axum by Stanley Mayer Burstein, published 2008, p. 104.) An Axumite king also mentions the African land of Sasu in one of his proclamation, “I first and alone of the kings of my race made these conquests. For this success I now offer my thanks to my mighty God, Ares, who begat me, and by whose aid I reduced all the nations bordering on my country, on the East to the country of frankincense, and on the West to Aithiopia and Sasu.” (Burstein, 2008, p. 109)
(Ares was the Greek name of Harith an ancient deity and common chief name among ancient Ethiopian and African Arabian peoples.)
As for the Se’irites, they can be none other than the Sei’ar today whose country is located in Yemen and Hadramaut, as yesterday. Some of the tribe can be found in Mukalla and Shibam. The tomb of the prophet Salih is said to be in their country. Salih who is Biblical Salah or Shelah, father of Eber (or otherwise Abir). “And Salah lived thirty years and begat Eber. And Salah lived after he begat Eber four hundred and three years s and begat sons and daughters.” (See Arabia and the Isles, by Harold Ingrams, 2006, p. 196)
Thus these peoples the Shasu, the Sei’ar, the Kushu and the Edomites refer to peoples of the Yemen who are otherwise known as the Canaanites. They are closely related to the tribe and places known as Al Kun’an in Bisha and other regions today. Some of these people worshipped Yahwe and moved back into the Horn of Africa at some point.
JAH’S PEOPLE UNDER MUZAIKIYA - WHO WAS MOSES
In previous sections we have seen that Amru ibn Aamir is also known in Arabian tradition as Muzaikiya a man who led the wandering Azd ancestors of Gassan (Jokshan or Kushan of the Midianites), Khazraj (Jazar), and Aus (Uz) from the area of Marib which is in truth the written about in the Exodus book 17 of the Hebrew Bible. We also saw that the prophetess Zaripha, Saffureh or Tarikha el Himyari (known ion the West as Ziphorah) was their leader.
The Azd were still claiming descent from this leader or holy man in early Islamic times.
"Oh Arabs! Send forward someone from the Children of Amru the son of 'Aamir so that I can speak to him about what I was sent for". Look above at the ancestors of Ubada ibn Al-Samit to remember who Amru ibn 'Aamir is.
When Abu Ubaida (RAA) heard what Jabla ibn Al-Aiham said, he said to the others, "They have sent someone from our race. They want to deceive us through family ties and kinship. Send them someone from the Ansar from the Children of Amru ibn 'Aamir. Ubada ibn Al-Samit (RAA) quickly came forward and said, "Oh Commander. I'll go to him and see what he has to say and answer him". So Ubada ibn Al-Samit mounted his horse and set out in Jabla's direction until he was in front of him. Jabla ibn Al-Aiham looked at at tall, very black-skinned man as if he is from the tribe of Shanua in front of him and he stood in awe and his heart became full of fear from the man's massiveness. Jabla then said to the tall, massive, very black-skinned man in front of him, ‘Oh young man. Who are you from?’ Ubada ibn Al-Samit said, "I am from the Children of Amru ibn 'Aamir."
They are the descendants of Jafneh (Jephunah) whose son Caleb was sent to spy out the land of Banu Ken’an.
The tribes of Ghassan are people who came to Syria only in the time of the Sassanids long after the time of the historical Israel. They claimed descent from Jafneh (Jephunah) whose son Caleb was sent to spy out the land of Banu Ken’an. (See part I). In Arabia also at this time they came to live in an area called Wadi Madyan in Jordan and extended into Egypt or the area of Gaza.
In late translations of the Bible the word Kush or Kushite in the Midianite context is translated as “Ethiopian”. Similarly the names of other Arabian tribes settling in and near Syria in the 3rd century came simply to be translated as meaning the black or “Ethiopian”. This includes the words Kedar, the general name for North Arabians and “Nabit” who is sometimes called the first son of Kedar. A European Jewish Targum text Song 1:5 employs the phrase “as black as the Kushi who live in the tents of Kedar”.
David Goldberg wrote, “… al Dimashqi who lists the Nabataeans (Nbt) among the descendants of Ham together with the Copts, the BrBr (Berbers) and the Sudan … and the Akkbar al Zaman, which lists the Nabit , among the children of Canaan ” also said the word, ‘Nabit’ signifies ‘ ‘black’…” see p. 313, The Curse of Ham: Race and Slavery in Early Judaism, Christianitym and Islam by David Goldenberg. (Al Dimashqi was a Syrian of Damascus. )
The Kushites were definitely considered people of “Ishmaelite” affiliation, Al Masudi of 9th century Baghdad wrote, “The Nabataeans founded the city of Babylon and were those descendants of Ham who settled in the same province under the leadership of Nimrod, the son of Cush, who was the son of Hamm…This took place at the time when Nimrod received the governship of Babylonia as the delegate of Dzhahhak.”
MOSES FIGHTS AGAINST BANU AKK: Biblical Og and the sons of Anak
As for the earliest Azd, Arab historians are in agreement, “Azd” was “a name borne by the most important section of the people who inhabited the country of Saba and its capital Ma'rib, at the time of the rupture of the dyke of 'Arim and of the ruin to which that portion of Yaman was in consequence reduced. All but a small section of the Azdites abandoned the country. The chief body went to the Tihamah of Yaman, inhabited by the tribes of 'Akk and Ash'ar. Here they settled in the neighbourhood of a pool named Ghassan, situated between the rivers Zabid and Rima. After a lengthened stay, dissensions with the original occupants ' of the country compelled the Azdites to depart. A portion of the tribe established itself in Najran, in the neighbourhood of the Madhhijites who had long occupied and ruled the country.” Yaman Its Early Medieval History , Umarah ibn Ali al Hakami. p. 216.
After their stay in Kishon or Ghassan they moved against a king named Akk and his people.
According to the Old Testament Deutoronomy 3:11 – “For only Og the king of Bashan was left of the remnant of the Rephaim; behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbah of the Ammonites? Nine cubits [13 1/2 feet] was its length, and four cubits [6 feet] its breadth, according to the common cubit.
Og was the Amorite and one of the son of Anak “which came of the giants.”
Numbers 13:22 - “And they ascended south and came unto Hebron ; where Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the children of Anak, were.”
The other name for them was Nephilim a word which stood for the constellation Orion.
Deuteronomy 3:20 - “the Anakim there were also known as Rephaim, but the Moabites call them Emim.” Deuteronomy 2:201 – “That also is known as land of Rephaim; Rephaim formerly lived there, but the Ammonites call them Zamzumim, a people great and many”
According to Hamdani the Banu Akk whose name came from Akk son of Adnan lived just north of Zabid (in the Tihama part of Yemen). They were the associates of Banu Ash’ar who were from Ash’ar brother of Maddhij, Tayyi and the Murra. (See the Reunification of the Abbasid Caliphate Bosworth 1987 p. 131, ff. 387).
Among the Maddhij in fact were the tribe of Nakhi or An-Nakha’a or Nakh’l. These are thus people came to be known as the Anakim of Cana’an of the Old Testament. Anak of the Bible was a descendant of Arba or Hebron which Salibi identified with the modern Khirban of southwest Arabia. In turn Arba was a son of Kheth or Heth. Salibi identifies these with the Heth of Carcemish or the south Arabian Qarr Qamasah. The remnants of the Anakim are called Philistines. These Philistines are called Anakim in Joshua 1 1 ; in Jeremiah 47 they are referred to as the remnants of the Anakim.
It also means that the original Israelites, Chaldeans, Phillistines and Aramaeans, the Hittites or children of Heth of the Old Testament have little to do with Turks and Syrians or the land of Khatti in Turkey or Anatolia escavated by archeologists. ‘The inhabitants of Hebron are called the Amorite and afterwards the sons of Kheth …The Amorites themselves were locally divided for the Jebusites are called Amorites…it seems hard to avoid this conclusion. The place was Kiriath-arba when Abraham bought the Macpelah from Ephron, and the sons of Anak were its masters when Joshua, and afterwards Caleb, captured it; and the terms in which the expulsion of the Amorites and of the Anakim are recorded seem to relate to the same transaction. It would seem that the sons of Anak were a tribe of the descendants of Kheth, and Amorites.” (Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute, or Vol. 12, 1879, p. 132, by Victoria Institute. )
Kamal Salibi links the name of the Philistines to the region of Falsah in the Wadi Bisha as well. The names of Karath (which Salibi found related to the Kareti or Cherethites )and al-Kunan are also found there. If Salibi is right, then it would seem thus that the tall black people in the region today are living descendants of the peoples known as Canaanites, Anakim and Philisi or Philistines.
Ancient Egyptian Portrayal of a Philistine whose people had settled in the Aegean (from the period of the Ramses family). He is clothed in Aegean garb.
Frankly such ideas are based on illusory evidence and not historical facts. The Jebusites are known even in late times in Yemenite sources as al Jabza, a batn (clan) of the Ma’afir tribe of Himyarites. The Yemen in Early Islam (9-233/630-847): A Political History, Abd al-Muhsin Mad’aj M. Mad’aj - 1988 p. 91.
The Amorites can be none other than the Murad a tribe of the Madhij east of the Mar’ib and still inhabiting there mountains, whose name in Syria became Amurath. Yaqut mentions the mountains of Murad and its brigand inhabitants. (See E. J. Brills First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936 Vol. 1, M. Houtsma p. 726)
Their clan of Qaran whom into Canaanites is the Cheran is a descendant of "the Hivite", Zibeon of the Edomites. Zibeon is the tribe known in Yemen as Banu Zubyan or Dhubyan also known as Dhubaniyya in Sudan. Qaran of Maddhij, are in fact called “ black” children of Canaan in early Muslim writings of Masudi of Iraq and Ibn Qutaybah of 9th century Iraq (Kitab al-Ma’arif, ed. Tharwat Ukasha, 2nd ed. (Lewis, 1992, p. 124., Goldenberg, p. 2003, p.107)
Hawt refugee children of Yemen (Hawt were a clan "of Maddhij" - probably the same as the Biblical Hewites or Hevites)
They are also considered descended from the Murad tribe of Ghutayf later known as Banu Ghatafan. See Madh’aj p. 91 of the Yemen in Early Islam.
In early sources on Yemen of the Islamic era they are a clan of the Ru’ayn, Himyarites of Yemen along with Jayshan (Dishan a descendant of Zibeon) and al Amluk (i.e. Amalekites). See Mad’aj, The Yemen in Early Islam p. 91 mentioned above.
WHEN AMALEK RULED THE WORLD
“ The Amalekites migrated into Egypt and southern Pal. The Pharoahs of the time of Abraham, Joseph and Moses are represented to have been Amalekites. Finally, broken up by Josh, they fled into northern Africa, where they are said to have grown into the Berber races...” The International Standard Bible EncyclpaediaVol. 1, (James Orr, 1915),p.217.
As shown above the “people great and tall” the Anakim are otherwise known in the Old Testament as the Nephilim, Emim, Rephaim, Zamzumim, Amorim or Amorites and their remnant are also called Philistines general are called Amalekites and Adites in Arabian tradition.
In fact the little connection these Canaanites have with the Syrian or Syro-Anatolian region is likely related to the control of this group coming from the area of Hejaz Asir in the first half of the 2nd millennium B.C. and their settlement in the Aegean and Mediterranean. Recognition of this Biblical implication was well known to earlier Biblical expositeurs.
Certain archeologists such as David Rohl related the names Anak and Sheshi in the Hyksos scarabs, Nakhi and Sheshi.
Nakh'l is a place in Oman today The Al Nakha or An-Nakha tribes occupy the Hejaz as well where they are called Nakhaw'il.
It is clear the Adites, Amalekites, Amorites and Heth or Hittites were one people in Arabian tradition whom Muzaikiyah fought against in Hejaz and who came to conquer Syria and the Mediterranean. “'Ad is variously named the son of Amalek and the son of Uz (Gen 10 23). The tribe dwelt in the deserts behind the Yemen.” See James Orr The International Standard Bible published 1914. Vol 1 p. 217.
Many of the descendants of Azd are giants in stature like Ad, Amalek and the Anakim. And the earliest Azd were sometimes considered Adites and Amalekites. The “tribe of Amalek were descended from Amalek the son of Eliphaz the son of Esau, though some of the oriental authors say Amalek was the son of Ham the son of Noah, and others the son of Azd the son of Sem.” p. 3 of The Koran, by George Sale 2006.
Among the last kings of the Amlikhu to reign in the Mediterranean was Cathim who appears to be both the Biblical Kittim and the Canaanite Kheth or Heth.
“…Cathim, an Amalekite, a magnificent prince, who rendered himself famous by a variety of noble buildings with which he adorned this country,” succeeded Darim and preceded Kabus who “is said to have reigned at the time of Moses”. A Universal History, George Sale, 1779)
“Cathim a son of Madan an Amalekite, was famous through the world for the magnificent buildings erected by him … Cathim was the last king of Egypt of the race of the Amalekites.” (Links in the Chain of Evidence Connected Israel and England, 1876, p. 24)
Thus, Josephus a Roman Jewish historian claimed “all islands, and the greatest part of the sea-coast, are called Chethim by the Hebrews.” Kethimus came to rule Cyprus and other parts of the Mediterranean.
(Madan was an ancient name of one of the Himyarite rulers, possibly the Madan brother of Madian of Genesis.)
Many scholars believe these legends concerning Amalekites are allied to the historical people known as Hyksos who came to control Syria, parts of the Mediterraenan and the Lower Nile. The Greek or Indic Aryan stories of Danaus or the 50 Danavas, Inachus, Cepheus and Epaphus and Belos also appear to the happenings of this period.
IMG]http://i45.tinypic.com/2gvq639.jpg[/IMG] Phoenician men wearing their high hats like the Sabaeans mentioned in the Bible. The Amalekites are called by Josephus "Phoenician shepherds".
THE COMING OF HAZO or BANU KHAZA’A to Mecca
Continuing on with the wanderings of the Azd, Al Baladhuri of the 9th century mentions some of this history. “Seeing what happened Muzaikiyah, i.e. Amr bin Amir…ibn Amru’l Kais …ibn –Yarub ibn Kahtan sold all of the property and cattle he possessed summoned together the Azd and started together to the land of the tribe of Akk. …the tribe of al Azd was distressed at the fall of the of their lands into the hands of al-Azd and asked the latter to evacuate their lands. ‘We are the descendants of Ghassan of Mazin there is no doubt, the Ghassan versus the Akk of Akk and they shall see whether we or they are the weaker. ‘ Previous to this al Azd had settled near a spring called Ghassan. Hence their name Ghassan). “ (See - The Origins of the Islamic state, Vol. 1 authored by al Baladhuri of the 9th century, by Philips Hitti, 2002, p. 31-32) “After settling in Najran they departed with the exception of a few who had special reasons to stay. Al Azd finally arrived in Mecca which was populated with the Jurhum tribe. They made their abode in batn el Marr. “ (Hitti, 2002, p. 32. ) Hazu is mentioned in the Assyrian inscriptions in the region of the Hawran (in Arabia) by Assyrian king Esarhaddon who is said to have visited Hazu and Bazu south of Edom where he subdued seven kings. (The Ancient Arabs: Nomads on the Borders of the Fertile Crescent, 1982, 9th-5th centuries B.C., by Israel Eph’al p. 133) Khaza’il “ruler of the Kedarenes” of that period apparently received his name from his tribe. Hazo in the Bible is the child of Nahor and is brother of Uz, Kamu’el, Buz and Bethuel. Hazo and Uz thus appear to be the Azd tribes of Banu Khaza’a or Khuza’a and Aus who branched off from one another and the Khazraj. Kamu’el who gave birth to Aram is the Arabian Qamwal and otherwise known as el- Qama a Mahra tribe. Bethuel is generally called Betawi’l in Arabic.
A number of sources say similarly that, “From the great family of Cahlan (descendant of Cahtan) the Azdite branch supplied to Mecca the tribe of the Khaza’a, and to Medina the Aus and Khazraj, while to Syria it gave the dynasty of Ghassan.” p. 371, Calcutta Review published, 1853.
According to Ibn Ishaq, the Azd tribes led by Muzaikiyya ‘s descendants settled between Jiddah and Mecca “with their hordes of horsemen” in Marr el Zahran a days journey from Mecca are called Khaza’a or Banu Khuza’a. It is they who later settled in Mecca driving out the tribe of Jurhum.
Al Baladhuri mentions - “They made their abode in Batn Marr. Tha’labah the son of Amr Muzaikiya demanded that the plain of Jurhum be given to his people. This request having been refused, a battle ensued in which Tha’labah got control of the plain. “ Origins of the Islamic State, Hitti, p. 32
The Bible again also mentions this movement of the Khaza’a to the area to Mar near Mecca in Exodus Chapter 15:23 “Then Moses led Israel from the Red Sea, and they went out into the wilderness of Shur; and they went three days in the wilderness and found no water. When they came to Marah, they could not drink the water of Marah because it was bitter; therefore it was named Marah.” Exodus 15:23.
THE NEVER LOST TRIBES OF ISRAEL: CLANS OF AZD OF ARABIA
BAHILA OR BILHA concubine of Jacob “who was ISRAEL”
“It has been said that the Banu Ma’n of the Azd are called the Bahilah.” El Tabari 10th century, The End of the Expansion.
“From Zubyan came Banu Fazarah ibn Zubyan ibn Bageedh and from them came Udwan and Bahilah” Abdul Wahab’s, Biography of the Prophet edited by Sameh Strauch, 2006, p. 15.
According to the Bible one of Jacob’s concubines was Bilhah and her children were first Dan and Naphtali. Naphtali had Guni, Jezer, Sallum and Jahzi’el. These are the Arab tribes of Bahila known as Ghunay or Ghani.
“The children of Nephtali were: Jahziel, Guni, Jezer and Sallum, the children of Bilha.” “ The descendants of Naphtali by their clans were: through Jahzeel, the Jahzeelite clan; through Guni, the Gunite clan; through Jezer, the Jezerite clan; through Shillem, the Shillemite clan. These were the clans of Naphtali; those numbered were 45,400.”
” According to R. Khanam, Bahila was the mother of Malik bin Asur …the brothers that came to make up the Bahila bin Asur “are brothers of Ghani” bin A’sur. “Because of the connection with A'sur makes of the Bahila, are called “ Bahila b. A'sur, brothers of the Ghani.” Encyclopaedic Geography of Middle East and Central Asia A-1 Volume I R. Khanam 2005
Historically, the Bahila were pastured their flocks in the southern region of Yemamah (Jemima means dove) mines in the area of the Nejd. This district is filled with gold and silver mines which have been worked from the most ancient times. The part of Yemama called Irid is most likely the Biblical Arodh. In this area is the town with mines called Hafir improbably the land of Ophir of Solomon. Hafir the territory of the Aqil (Uqayl) bin K’ab. pp. 49-50 El Yemama in the Early Islamic Era
"The Dowaser are said to be very tall men, and almost black..." Charles Forster 1844 quoting John Lewis Burkhardt in, Travels in Arabia.
The Dawas'ir, from the Ad Daws or Daus - occupy Yemama in the Central Arabian Nejd and the Wadi Bisha. (They are called by colonialist among "the tallest and blackest" of the Arabians - as their Azd ancestors.)
Ghani bin A’sur is well known tribe or branch of Bahila descended from the Banu Ma’n , Ghani is also sometimes written Ghunay. Guni of Naphtali and Bilhah of the Bible are Ghunay or Ghani and Bahilah.
BANU MA’AN or MA’N ( ME’UNIM 2 Chronicles )
“It is said that Banu Ma’n of the Azd are called Bahila” el Tabari 10th century, The End of the Expansion (1474).
“And the Zidonians, and Amalek, and Meunim have oppressed you, and ye cry unto Me, and I delivered you from their hands.”
The Ma’onite or Me’unim of the Bible are mentioned in several places. The word Me’unim is supposed to be the plural for the Hebrew Ma’on. The word Me’unim is the translation for the Hebrew Meinim. According to one scholars it is identicial to the pronunciation of the name of the Minaeans or Ma’in, a people of the western Hadramaut.
They are mentioned in various Biblical passages. In 2 Chronicles LXX the name is in fact rendered Ma’in or Minaeans a people of the western Hadramaut. In the 11th century the land of Hadramaut was still in the hands of the Banu’ Ma’n the little known descendants of the Ma’n bin Za’id.
2 Chronicles 20:1 2 - After this the Moabites and Ammonites, and with them some of the Meunites, came against Jehoshaphat for battle.
1Chronicles 4:41, These written by name came in the days of Hizkiyahu (Hezekiah )king of Yehudah, and struck their tents, and the Me`unim who were found there,…
The Septuagint renders the last name of Zophar, a Naamathite and friend of Job, as “Minaean”. At the time of Uzziah king of Judah, the Minaeans are in alliance with the Philistines and other Arabian tribes. One of the places of the Me’unim Gur Baal is named right after the Gerar of the Philistines which Salibi identified with Qararah in Yemen.
Naaman is of the family of Benjamin. He was the son Benjamin or Benjamin’s son Bela, and head of the family of the Naamites or Naamathites. I Chronicles viii. 4
King Numan of the region of Zuphar is said to have lived before the time of Lokman a descendant of Ad who in legend built the dam at Ma’rib. He is by tradition the son of Yafar son of Sacsac. Naaman in the Bible is an Israelite king of Aram. Otherwise he is of the family of Benjamin. He was the son Benjamin or Benjamin’s son Bela, and head of the family of the Naamites or Naamathites. I Chronicles viii. 4
The matter of the Meunim settled in Judaea in the period of the exile has posed considerable difficulty to resolve and has proven disconcerting since the south Arabian Minaeans would have had to have been in the region of Jordan and Syria. Scholars admit “1 Chronicles 4:41 and 20:7 are identical with the south Arabian Minaens” but then question where the Gur mentioned was The Arabs in Antiquity Jean Retso, pp. 141-142.
Interestingly today small group of Bani Ma’in still live in a town called Al-Ghur in the Rizah region of Yemen. Kamal Salibi pointed to the area of he Philistines being Qararah in the Yemen.
SUHAM - son of Dan, son of Bilhah
Interestingly another clan of the tribe of Bahilah is Banu Suhm or Sahm whose genealogy is b. Amr b. Thalabah B. b. Ghanm b. Qutayba b. Ma’n b. Malik b. Asur see Tabari ‘s Biography of the Prophets Companions and Successors. See 2360 Ella Landau- Tasseron, p. 84. and Empire of the Mahdi , Part I Vol. 26
“These were the descendants of Dan by their clans: through Suham, the Suhamite clan. “There were the descendants of Dan by their clans: through Suham, the Suhamite clan. These were the clans of Dan: All of them were Suhamite clans; and those numbered were 64,400.”
To be continued…
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In brother Raieyez series "The Hebrew Israelites in West Africa." I learned that the ancient people all started out in the North East African and threw migrations,war, and slavery they were spread into West Africa.
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quote:Originally posted by Bishop: In brother Raieyez series "The Hebrew Israelites in West Africa." I learned that the ancient people all started out in the North East African and threw migrations,war, and slavery they were spread into West Africa.
This was after they came back into Africa of course.
Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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What do you mean after they came back? Are you saying they left Africa first then went to Arabia and then back to Africa?
I can tell you this threw my research I'm starting to think that you may perhaps be right about this subject.
Posts: 108 | From: LA | Registered: May 2009
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quote:Originally posted by Bishop: What do you mean after they came back? Are you saying they left Africa first then went to Arabia and then back to Africa?
I can tell you this threw my research I'm starting to think that you may perhaps be right about this subject.
Israel was not located in Africa. The Old Testament Israel was in Arabia where Africans had moved during the Neolithic. When the Assyrians and then Nebuchadnezzar attacked the Hijaz many of the peoples of Wadd or Wahid (Yhwyd) area of Hijaz Asir and Tihama in Yemen moved back into Africa, just as they had done in the time of Joshua and before that with the flood of Aram/Arim.
Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: The Old Testament Israel was in Arabia
In your alternative interpretation.
Right - mine and others. Just like it was my alternative interpretation and others that the Tamehu were originally African and not European afiiliated people.
It takes time to turn around lies that have been told for ages, but that time will surely come and sooner than people expect.
Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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I like this theory Dana, but there's one thing that's been bothering me. If Biblical Israel was really in Arabia...at what time did the present-dat location become confused as the true Holy Land? You can't say it's a recent idea. Many have thought for centuries that the current location of Israel is the correct one...going at least back to the Crusades. Were the beliefs and culture adopted by outsiders & through whatever means the original clans were lost to history? How did the confusion happen? Even going back to the 25th Dynasty of Egypt...you have records of the Kushite-Egyptians coming to the aid of Judah by holding off the Assyrians in 701 B.C.E. (see The Rescue of Jerusalem by Henry T. Aubin).
Posts: 1219 | From: North Carolina, USA | Registered: Jul 2004
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quote:Originally posted by King_Scorpion: I like this theory Dana, but there's one thing that's been bothering me. If Biblical Israel was really in Arabia...at what time did the present-dat location become confused as the true Holy Land? You can't say it's a recent idea. Many have thought for centuries that the current location of Israel is the correct one...going at least back to the Crusades. Were the beliefs and culture adopted by outsiders & through whatever means the original clans were lost to history? How did the confusion happen? Even going back to the 25th Dynasty of Egypt...you have records of the Kushite-Egyptians coming to the aid of Judah by holding off the Assyrians in 701 B.C.E. (see The Rescue of Jerusalem by Henry T. Aubin).
Sorry, I didn't check back in sooner Scorpion. The explanation that Kamal Salibi gives in his book is a sufficient one, But first it must be understood this Israel (El Yasir or Ysra'il) of Arabia was the Israel or Yisra'el of the Old Testament and not the Israel of the time of Christ.
Secondly - this confusion of which you speak may have been widepread among Europeans or in the West but wasn't really found among African traditions.
The explanation is partly related to the Greek translators and writers of the Septuagint and the fact that the original Hebrew or Cana'anite was a dead language by the time many of these misinterpretations began occuring among Syrian Greeks and other non-semitic people. I'll post some of what Salibi says in a new post soon.
Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: The Old Testament Israel was in Arabia
In your alternative interpretation.
Right - mine and others. Just like it was my alternative interpretation and others that the Tamehu were originally African and not European afiiliated people.
It does not mean therefore that your theory of Arabian origins of Hebrews will eventually be accpeted as "truth". Thats a deductive logical fallacy.
Posts: 4254 | From: dasein | Registered: Jun 2009
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quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: The Old Testament Israel was in Arabia
In your alternative interpretation.
Right - mine and others. Just like it was my alternative interpretation and others that the Tamehu were originally African and not European afiiliated people.
It does not mean therefore that your theory of Arabian origins of Hebrews will eventually be accpeted as "truth". Thats a deductive logical fallacy.
I guess only time will tell, anguish and like I said - a lot sooner than most people think.
Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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There is an unfortunate misstatement above. Al-Baladhuri a 9th century Persian, was not Ibn Butlan, a Greek or Byzantine man of Iraq living in the 11th century.
Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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^ While I still disagree with the premise that Israel was in Arabia instead of the Levant where it really is, the more research I do the more I find that there is some truth to your claims.
For example there is archaeological evidence in Arabia, particularly in the Hejaz that tie the people to Israel if not in ancestry then in some cultural practices such as petroglyphs and giant footprint marks symbolizing a deity.
As for Arabians described as very tall and black, this again reminds me of Medieval descriptions of the Saracens as evil black skinned giants.
Posts: 26238 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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Mawuli quoted the Fulani Sultan of the Sokoto Empire Mohamed Bello in his book the Final Solution To Black people problems.According to Bello the Yoruba people come from the land of Canaan.They were driven out by Yaa Rooba (Babylonian or Roman) son of Khatan out of Arabia to the Western coast between Egypt and Abyssinia.To this place they migrated to West Africa.
The ex Libyan President Mouamar Kaddafi stated in a speech in Nigeria that the Yoruba come from the Arabian peninsula.(rasta live Wire).
Dana Marniche you are probably right when you stated the Israel of the old testament was located in the Arabian Peninsula Hijaz and YahMan/Yemen region and were driven out by the Assyrian.
According to Mawuli the original Eve/Erverh/Hebrew people or Canaan people that now live in West Africa are the Yoruba, the people of DanHomey, the people of Togo and the people of East Ghana.
I think the Canaan/Hebrew/Phoenician people homeland included Lebanon,Palestine, part of Syria, part of Jordan, Arabia Hijaz,Yemen .
Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012
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The Canaanite-Israelite people are located in their homeland of Wadi Kanawna, the Asir and Shamran TODAY in west and southern Arabia and surrounding regions under their ancient names. There are no missing or "lost tribes" of Israel, the true tribes retain their ancient names today and mainly in Arabia.
They originated in Africa and brought their traditon of the ark of Nu with them from the Nile, not the Levant where some of them settled mainly after their expulsion from the Arabian Misrah/Musrah people, and certain cataclysms in the area of the ancient Sabaean kingdom and Hijaz.
The name of Yarub or Iarob was brought to west Africa there by the original Zaghai or Zaghawa a people that once lived in southwest Arabia and in the Horn.
Not all people of the Sudan came from Arabia which was then part of Ethiopia but many peoples of the northern parts of Sudan and the Sahel or Sahara did did in remote times live in Arabia.
The Israelite/Canaanites and the ancient Judaeans/Yhwd people of Wadd "the lion" (Judah was the lions whelp) were also not identical, while the name "Hebrew" referred to all those who descended from Eber or Abir of the Thamud (Adites i.e. Canaanites) , and not the "Hapiru" or Afyr/Afar of ancient Syro-Arabia and modern Africa.
The name Hebrew is not related to Eve, Hava, Habor or Habur the Cushitic word for grandmother or ancestress, but probably is connected to the Biblical Eber, and possibly Berr ancestor of the Berbers i.e. Tuareg and other Mazikha (Mashek/Masikh)and other clans of Azd known to have inhabited the Wadi Kanawna.
Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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Canaanite look like the west Asian Latin. Latin is the mother language of Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian. I Think Canaanite is the mother of Phoenician, Hebrew, Arabic, Aramaic,Yoruba,Amharic gaelic, Celt etc.Canaanite was the lingua Franca of the mediteranean world because of the Phoenician traders.According to the bible Canaan was the son of Kush, because of that I think canaanite might be a Kushite language.
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"The Dowaser are said to be very tall men, and almost black..." Charles Forster 1844 quoting John Lewis Burkhardt in, Travels in Arabia.
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