posted
American slavery ended more than a century and a half ago. While the physical manifestations of slavery are for the most part buried, I believe the psychological damage has been passed through the generations and still exists today.
To date, there have been few studies conducted to assess the impact of the traumas associated with the slavery of Africans or the generations that followed them. Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome (PTSS) takes into account multigenerational trauma. Many studies of African Americans have focused on environmental conditions of poverty and crime as predictors of future problems. Only a small number of studies have focused on their social problems resulting from sustained psychological multi-generational trauma. Thus, there is a need to answer questions regarding how contemporary societal stressors along with historical trauma relate to current problems. Answers to these questions may help to determine the factors that relate to and influence non-productive behavior of some African Americans and more importantly, those factors that serve to protect against such behaviors.
I developed the theory of Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome after studying Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a disorder that has generated profound interest. Many psychological journals, articles, and books have been written with elaborate details of the symptoms, causes, and treatment of this disorder. Individuals and groups said to suffer from PTSD include victims of rape, war veterans, holocaust survivors and their children, victims of incest, heart attack victims, natural disaster survivors, victims of severe accidents, and others. However, absent from this list are the African American slaves and their offspring. The absence of any therapeutic intervention during or after the advent of slavery would suggest that PTSD among slaves most likely resulted but went untreated.
On September 11, 2001, Americans became more familiar with PTSD. Lots of citizens were reported to be suffering from the disorder as a result of witnessing the destruction of the World Trade Towers and those trapped inside. With what is known about trauma, is it probable that significant numbers of African slaves experienced a sufficient amount of trauma to warrant a diagnosis of PTSD? The following are a list of some of the conditions that give rise to mental and/or emotional traumas which justify the diagnosis of PTSD and which are consistent with the slave experience:
* A serious threat or harm to one's life or physical integrity; * A threat or harm to one's children, spouse, or close relative; * Sudden destruction of one's home or community; * Seeing another person injured or killed as a result of an accident or physical violence; * Learning about a serious threat to a relative or a close friend kidnapped, tortured, or killed; * Experiencing intense fear, terror, and helplessness; * The stressor and disorder is considered to be more serious and will last longer when the stressor is of human design.
It makes sense to me and other theorists that Africans, who were slaves for nearly two and a half centuries and thus labeled as sub-human and treated as chattel, could not possibly emerge unscathed. PTSS theory takes into account the development of survival adaptations necessary for enduring a hostile slave environment and examines how these adaptations, both positive and negative, continue to be reflected in the behaviors of African Americans today.The question remains, how are such effects of trauma transmitted through generations? The answer is quite straightforward, through the family, the community, and society. How do we learn to raise our children? Almost entirely through our own experience of being raised. Most of us learn how to raise our children to a large degree based upon how we ourselves were raised. Of course there are things our parents did that we decide we'll do differently, but for the most part parenting is one of myriad skills that are passed down generation to generation.
Today we know that if a child has an abusive parent, the likelihood that he or she will grow to be abusive and/or abused is greater than if that child came from a safe and supportive home. We know that if a child comes from a violent home, there is a greater likelihood the child will grow to be violent. We know that if a child comes from a home in which one or both parents went to college, there is a greater likelihood that child will go to college. We know that our children receive most of their attitudes, life skills, and approaches to life from their parents. We also know that most of these are learned by the time they are five or six years old.
I recall overhearing a conversation between black parents and white parents at a school meeting. Their children were classmates and in Little League together. The black mother commented on the achievements of the white parents' child saying, "Your son is really coming along." The white parents responded with pride, "Thank you. He is quite the man. He's in the talented and gifted program here at the school, and he's an excellent player on the Little League team. In fact, he has really excelled in school as well as sports this year. He's just like his father." The white parents went on for some time before they remembered the gifts and talents of the black parents' child. The white couple praised his numerous accomplishments, saying, "Your son is also doing quite well. I hear . . ." But before they could complete the compliment, the black parents, who were also proud of their son said, "Oh, he's such a mess at home. Sometimes we could just strangle him." Roll the scene back a few hundred years to a slave master walking through the fields and coming upon a slave family. The slave master remarks, "Well now, that Johnny of yours is really coming along." The slave parents, terrified that the slave master may see qualities in their son or daughter that could merit sale or rape, say, "No sir, he ain't worth nothing. He can't work. He's feeble and shiftless." The denigrating statements are an effort to dissuade the slave master from molesting or selling the children, and of course in understanding their motives, no one would fault them. This behavior was nothing special. After all, slave mothers and fathers had been belittling their children in an effort to protect them for a couple of hundred years. The theory of PTSS suggests there could be a connection between the behavior of the slave family and that of the modern day school parents. What originally began as an appropriate adaptation to an oppressive and danger-filled environment was subsequently transmitted down through generations. While on the surface seemingly harmless, such behavior serves to both humiliate and injure the young black children of today who can't understand why their parents speak so poorly of them. All too often these children actually begin to believe the demeaning criticisms. Furthermore these criticisms create feelings of being disrespected by the very people who they love and trust the most, their parents. We know from research conducted on other groups that experienced oppression and trauma that survivor syndromes exist and are pervasive in the human development of second- and third-generation offspring. The characteristics of survivor syndrome include stress, self-doubt, problems with aggression, and a number of psychological and interpersonal relationship problems with family members and others.It stands to reason that the African American experience carries with it a host of stressors that are compounded when the issue of poverty is added. The "American Dream" historically promised economic prosperity to anyone who simply worked hard; however, slavery relegated Africans to an inferior status and barred this group from ever having access to the dream. The dismantling of slavery suggested that African Americans were now allowed the opportunity to achieve the dream, yet Jim Crow laws enacted a system of discrimination against African Americans that eliminated access to jobs, housing, education, and other survival needs. The Jim Crow laws were not ruled illegal until 1954. Today, the African American community is made up of individuals and families who collectively share survival behaviors from prior generations. Most of these behaviors ensured our survival at one time or another. However, today many of these behaviors will inhibit our ability to survive and thrive if they are not brought to light, examined, and, where necessary, replaced.
The following is an example of a socially learned behavior that PTSS theory suggests can trace its roots in historical adaptations. Whenever I am in a place of business, I like to observe the behaviors of people waiting in line. I am particularly interested in the behaviors of African Americans, which are often in stark contrast to the behaviors of European Americans and other groups. On one such occasion there was a black mother in a bank with three small children. The children were standing close to their mother. Whenever one of them would become curious about someone or something in the bank and attempted to leave the mother's side, the mother would verbally chastise the child, snapping her fingers and gesturing to the child to immediately return to her side. In the same line there was another mother standing and waiting for an available teller. Only she was white. She also had several small children similar in age to the black mother's children. The mother had her hands full trying to stay in line while her little boy wandered about skipping, twirling, rolling on the floor, and asking questions of the bank security guard. The white mother did not insist that her children stand by her side. Instead, she tried to keep an eye on them and apologized to the people in line who her children were obviously annoying. Once the black mother was busy with the teller, one of her children, a little girl, slid down the length of the counter hidden from her mother's sight. Another black mother waiting in line saw her down beneath the counter and did something that is all too familiar to African American children; she gave the attempted escapee the "black mother's death stare" and gestured with a slight move of her head for her to return to her mother's side, which the child did with lowered head. Both women had sent a message to the black children that this is not a place for them, but the children could see that it was an OK place for white children to play, explore, and interact freely. With the historical lens of slavery one can now better understand why the mother in the bank insisted that her children be near her. In the slave environment, it was inherently unsafe for a black child to stray, wander, or question white people. Such behavior could result in severe punishment or even death. Thus, black slaves were hyper-vigilant about the whereabouts of their children, for such hyper-vigilance meant survival. This is just one possible example of an adaptive behavior that could have been passed down through generations. There are hundreds, perhaps thousands more. Two of the great strengths that African Americans possess are our resilience and our ability to adapt. These have allowed us to survive and thrive in the presence of seemingly insurmountable obstacles with courage and faith. These adaptive behaviors were invaluable throughout the duration of slavery, and the need for these behaviors continued after emancipation. Thousands of lynchings, beatings, threats to life and property, the rise of the Klan and Jim Crow segregation all obviated the continued need for adaptive survival behaviors. And reminders still exist: the 1989 beating death of Mulugeta Seraw by skinheads in Portland; the 1992 police beating of Rodney King in Los Angeles; the 1997 burning and beheading of Garnett P. Johnson in Virginia; the 1998 dragging death of James Byrd in Jasper, Texas; and the 1999 killing of Amadou Diallo by New York police officers, to name but a few. Adaptations from slavery have generated behaviors that have led to assumptions about who and what we are as a people, and additionally, what we can become and achieve. While what we have learned from generations past is a significant part of our story, it is not our whole story, and many new chapters need to be written that bring to light the destructive nature of some of our survivor behaviors.I am not alone in recognizing the need for greater understanding and research with regard to historical, multigenerational trauma. Scholars like Alvin F. Poussaint, James P. Comer, Yael Danieli, Maria Yellow Horse Brave Heart, and Mikihachiro Tatara, to name a few, continue to explore the consequences of extreme suffering on generations of diverse people. There is still much work to be done in assessing our needs as African Americans and understanding the impact of the traumas and injuries sustained during and after slavery. http://www.pdx.edu/magazine/news/3655/Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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It is amazing that eventhough most opf us suffer from this disorder were able to get out of bed each day. Just thing about it. For the past 300 years AAs have had to act as though everything was well, while they experienced assults and lynchings at the hands of the majority population of our great nation. Is it any wonder that many AAs did not feel they were truely Americans until Obama became President.
The effects of this phonomena may be a root cause of the problems we have in the AA community with yopung men killing other young men. The presence of PTSS among this group is evident in the lack of value some members of this cohort have with taking the life of another Black person, while they may claim to hate Europeans and only murder members of this group on rare occasions.
Another effect of PTSS may be in the ability of some AAs to marry and raise the children they have with many white women while they abandon children they made with AA women without a second thought.
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-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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Absolutely! The use of the "N" word towards one another was always a strong indication of this inward focused self hatred resulting from the condition.Understanding the word means "Ignorant", and justifying it's continued usage as affection, essentially showing affection by stating, "What's up my N**** (Ignorant)?" This is not taking power from the word, as much as from one another.
In the 70s AAs became more conscience and empowered by the 60s Black Power movement and the usage of the word began to dissipate up until the Iran-Contra deal flooded black communities with cocaine destroying the family and community structure. Then with fathers in Jail and mothers rising boys into big boys, the usage came back through the BET guided youth with renewed strength.
The author makes it clear that Blacks cannot count on mainstream psychiatric methods to confront and correct this deviation. To my knowledge, there are no known treatment identifying or addressing 400 years old Stockholm Syndrome that has progressed to something entirely advanced and unknown.
Whites identified the following symptoms of Stockholm following a few weeks of whites being captives of terrorists. If this happens after just a few days or weeks of captivity, what does it become after 40 or 400 years of captivity and constant abuse???
Symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome
* Emotional bonding with the captor/abuser * Seeking approval from the captor/abuser * Depending on the captor/abuser for security and purpose of existence * Befriending and caring for the captor/abuser * Resenting police and authorities for their rescue attempts * Losing one's own identify in order to identify with the captor/abuser * Seeing things from the perspective of the captor/abuser * Valuing every small gesture of kindness, such as letting them live * Refusing freedom even when given the opportunity
This is something that has to be done within the black community itself, and unfortunately, there are no known organization except the Nation Of Islam capable of meeting such a huge and long term challenge.
Clyde, isn't this within the realm of your primary professional focus on learning?
Regarding inter-marriage relationships, many of the youth I mentor were raised without fathers and by their mothers. Most of their fathers are career inmates. Many of these youth have gone on and fathered child. I have been very pleased to see they all mostly go out of their way to not allow their children to grow up like they did, without a father. They are all quite passionate about this and many of them are more devoted to their children then the child's mother. This indicates to me, that this cycle can be broken with the aid of a mentoring substitute father figure who is available to give consul to them as needed. Still, this is just one part of the solution. There is a vast need for more women to step up and mentor young black girls.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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Meninarmer PTSS is not one of my primary areas. I have taught courses that relate to the assessment of maladaptive behaviors and forms of psychosocial therapies to moderate these behaviors such as cognitive-behavior therapy--but in recent years my main areas of research include attribution theory, brain based learning and the affects of emotion on learning.
Attribution theory relates to the attributions one assigns their behavior too. For example, one person may believe they do well in school because of luck (external locus of control), while another student recognizes that the fruit of their academic achievement is the result of hard work and effort.
It is true that you can help many ex-convicts to mature and recognize their responsibilities as a male and co-leader of their family. I formerly taught in Cook County Jail in Chicago. I also did my dissertation on the educational attributions of inmates.
During this time I found that many inmates hate their mothers and take out on their girl friends negative behaviors.
Much of this animosity felt by many inmates is transfered on to their girl friends because they fail to acknowledge their faulty relationships with their mothers.
Outwardly many inmates often manifest a love for their moms--so they can appear normal--but upon discussion you find they do not respect their moms for a number of reasons, especially 1) the promiscuity of their mothers manifeasted by mom's "shaking up with these partners or bringing them home to have sex; 2) failure of many moms to protect their sons from their male partners who they often encouraged to discipline their sons--eventhough these young men knew their fathers; ; 3)the failure of mom to punish them when they were wrong or support them during confrontations with authority figures (e.g., police, other adults)when the convict was clearly in the wrong; and 4) the apparent time limit of "18" years placed on many of these youth by their moms often proclaimed by mom sinde the child was born as the terminal date for their son to leave home and take care of themselves.
(I will make it clear that placing this terminal date on many AA boys force them to believe they have to hurry and make a living for themselves often it is serving (i.e., selling drugs). It is wrong to teach these young men that they have to be self-sufficient by the age of 18, when many trade unions have established a higher age for members to join the union--and in many cases you don't finish College until your twenties. )
Many inmates appear "normal" to their peers by pretending great love and devotion to their moms, but abusing their mates sometime physically, mentally or both until they recieve the counseling to allow them to discuss the anger and bitterness they possess in relation to their moms so they can move on.
So you can have success in helping inmates to see how they can better their life by being responsible and moving outside the boxes we confine ourselves in , while wearing mask that protect them from harm. The only problem is that I have found that most youth who want to habituate themselves are aged 28 and above. This is sad because by this time you have an X on your back (i.e., permenant number due to your conviction for a crime that will bar you from many jobs and even attaining loans and grants to attend College.
We don't say rehabilitate--because to rehabilitate a ex-convict means that you are just returning them to their former life, which was a life of crime. What you want to do is habilitate/habituate the ex-con to a life style that is in conformity to the norms of society so they can prosper and take care of their children. I say children, because the results of s survey I took back in the 1990'2 indicated that most inmates have at a minimum of three children by three different women.
Meninarmer what were the ages of the young men you had success in working with?
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-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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Meninarmer our children are very hurt inside. I was visiting an elementary school when the children were watching the inaugaration of Obama. When they saw Biden kiss his sons they were shocked and felt it was an indication of gayness.
I felt very sorry for these kids because I showed my sons (five) and daughter affection growing up and I kiss my grandchildren today. Yet many of the children today don't know anything about a father's love for their sons.
This is Sad to say the least.
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-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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Clyde I mentor kids on a volunteer basis through the YMCA, Boy Scouts, Dads As Parents Program, and single female parents I meet. Most I pull off the neighborhood corners they hang out on dealing drugs, or on the path of doing so.
Most are within ages from 10 to 17, although many who I've mentored when they were 12 are now in their 30s and still we maintain a very close relationship. It's encouraging to see some I began with who dropped out of High school, and hung out in the hood living off the fat of the land, who are now degreed and employed as Program Managers, Network Engineers, and even College professors.
You are right about many boys having conflicting feelings about their mothers. Although their relationship appears normal on the surface, there exist embedded negative feeling that come out as they progress. The same for the fathers who many deep down see as being weak for falling into the trap, uncaring for abandoning them, and selfish for not attempting to confront their personal and social issues. Prior to the kids confronting these embedded feeling, they usually lead a life that could only follow their father's path..or worst. Once they begin confronting, acknowledging, and resolving these internal conflicts, their progress is nothing short of amazing. Some have even made the decision to volunteer to mentor kids on their own.
One of the kids I presently mentor was raised by a single mother (former addict) who has 4 sons and a daughter. They all have different fathers who are either incarcerated, or dead. He is the youngest (16), and his three brothers (26, 25, 20) are all career inmates. When I met him, he had just been released from Boy's ville, which is a warm up for the Pen. I find the key to motivating him and other youth, is to be a stronger and more influential force then what they find on the street. That entails making them aware of how things really are, presenting alternatives, and helping them learn how to make informed and reasonable decisions while being responsible for their own actions.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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This is a very interesting discussion, i agree with meninarmer, someone should do more research on PTSS. Preferably an AA and not a Jew since these always find ways to distort stuff for their own advantage, sneaky bastards.
Posts: 1554 | Registered: Jul 2006
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I don't know whether it might be PTSS, since actually most blacks (80%) now live above the poverty line. Statistics have a way of being distorted. AAs have it the worst on a "relative" level compared to other groups, but focusing on that has a way of letting the ugliest negatives dominate while ignoring the majority.
The question then becomes...why? Have white people and their attitudes towards blacks really changed such that everything negative is still pushed to the forefront and often exaggerated, thereby influencing how blacks see themselves? Can these attitudes and accompanying actions (red-lining, hiring practices, delapidated inner-city schools) account for the "relative" un-success of blacks stuck in inner city poverty?
Is it really PTSS or is it a continued system of systematic, institutional racism on all fronts...especially in the media?
Posts: 100 | Registered: Jan 2009
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quote: American slavery ended more than a century and a half ago. While the physical manifestations of slavery are for the most part buried, I believe the psychological damage has been passed through the generations and still exists today.
This statement is very troubling to me, because it reminds me of what the educated Surinam houseniggers/ community leaders did in Holland some time ago. They organised a subsidised lavish conference (with free food and drinks) at a prime white location to have other educated houseniggers explain that even today black Surinamese are psychologically scarred by slavery: they are crazy.
For this they were off course handsomely paid.
Next a Dutch nazi doctor did nazi-type research at a concentration camp in The Hague (1996) and found that African Surinamese and Moroccan Berber, only those two, are psychologically inferior to everyone else.
So now they have only a need for a race and nationality to slap any nigger with this diagnoses. It’s like old times when they would brand a fieldnigger with a mark or cut of his ears or his tongue or his Achilles heel, so everybody could know that he displeased the master. He did not play along; he did not sell his own kind, he tried to be free.
This story proves that the enemy of the Negro is the Negro himself and that slavery could not have lasted so long if houseniggers were not in cahoots with slave masters. And still this goes on today. Even here on ES we have people who sprout anti-white, anti-Jewish, and afrocentric rhetoric’s, but are burdening blacks with a stigma that they are crazy.
For this work these houseniggers are sure to get their twelve silverlings too.
Posts: 5454 | From: Holland | Registered: Aug 2008
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^ LOL, there are so many contradictions in the above, it can only indicate the workings of a perverse post slavery Stockholm Syndrome psychosis bordering on schizophrenia.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:Originally posted by nomorelies: I don't know whether it might be PTSS, since actually most blacks (80%) now live above the poverty line. Statistics have a way of being distorted. AAs have it the worst on a "relative" level compared to other groups, but focusing on that has a way of letting the ugliest negatives dominate while ignoring the majority.
The question then becomes...why? Have white people and their attitudes towards blacks really changed such that everything negative is still pushed to the forefront and often exaggerated, thereby influencing how blacks see themselves? Can these attitudes and accompanying actions (red-lining, hiring practices, delapidated inner-city schools) account for the "relative" un-success of blacks stuck in inner city poverty?
Is it really PTSS or is it a continued system of systematic, institutional racism on all fronts...especially in the media?
Not that it matters, but as I recall in the State Of Black America conference, something like 33% of black Americans live below the poverty level leading to the disproportionate cases of social government social assistance applied for by black American women. Also, white America has become more "comfortable with blacks, mainly due to the various feel good white guilt driven gestures enacted since the passing of the civil rights bills. These social gestures, like welfare, were mainly put in place to overcome white guilt rather than black empowerment.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:Originally posted by nomorelies: I don't know whether it might be PTSS, since actually most blacks (80%) now live above the poverty line. Statistics have a way of being distorted. AAs have it the worst on a "relative" level compared to other groups, but focusing on that has a way of letting the ugliest negatives dominate while ignoring the majority.
The question then becomes...why? Have white people and their attitudes towards blacks really changed such that everything negative is still pushed to the forefront and often exaggerated, thereby influencing how blacks see themselves? Can these attitudes and accompanying actions (red-lining, hiring practices, delapidated inner-city schools) account for the "relative" un-success of blacks stuck in inner city poverty?
Is it really PTSS or is it a continued system of systematic, institutional racism on all fronts...especially in the media?
Not that it matters, but as I recall in the State Of Black America conference, something like 33% of black Americans live below the poverty level leading to the disproportionate cases of social government social assistance applied for by black American women. Also, white America has become more "comfortable with blacks, mainly due to the various feel good white guilt driven gestures enacted since the passing of the civil rights bills. These social gestures, like welfare, were mainly put in place to overcome white guilt rather than black empowerment.
Not really. These programs have nothing to do with AAs. They were enacted to help the white poor and underclass and date back to Roosevelt.
Most Europeans feel no guilt towards AAs.And as noted throughout history neither liberal, conservative or socialist Europeans have ever wanted to see AAs empowered.
posted
Clyde, I was thinking mainly of the stipulations imposed on blacks who needed welfare and housing and once acquired, it's negative effects on parental relationships in the US. Specifically, the requirement that the father not reside in the home if housed in government homes. I'm not sure if this same stipulation was required or enforced in white welfare recipients.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote: American slavery ended more than a century and a half ago. While the physical manifestations of slavery are for the most part buried, I believe the psychological damage has been passed through the generations and still exists today.
This statement is very troubling to me, because it reminds me of what the educated Surinam houseniggers/ community leaders did in Holland some time ago. They organised a subsidised lavish conference (with free food and drinks) at a prime white location to have other educated houseniggers explain that even today black Surinamese are psychologically scarred by slavery: they are crazy.
For this they were off course handsomely paid.
Next a Dutch nazi doctor did nazi-type research at a concentration camp in The Hague (1996) and found that African Surinamese and Moroccan Berber, only those two, are psychologically inferior to everyone else.
So now they have only a need for a race and nationality to slap any nigger with this diagnoses. It’s like old times when they would brand a fieldnigger with a mark or cut of his ears or his tongue or his Achilles heel, so everybody could know that he displeased the master. He did not play along; he did not sell his own kind, he tried to be free.
This story proves that the enemy of the Negro is the Negro himself and that slavery could not have lasted so long if houseniggers were not in cahoots with slave masters. And still this goes on today. Even here on ES we have people who sprout anti-white, anti-Jewish, and afrocentric rhetoric’s, but are burdening blacks with a stigma that they are crazy.
For this work these houseniggers are sure to get their twelve silverlings too.
[German nazi victims]
Dr. Paul Selten's, Nazi like research. The few Dutch I spoke to seem not to find anything offensive about this. Guess it just fits in their white supremacy outlook. This research came into practice and young black men are summarily incarcerated in these clinics, messed up with drugs, no medical file's kept, then released. The black leaders who should be protesting these matters have already been paied off.
More than one-third of the population of Surinam has migrated to The Netherlands in the 1970s and 1980s. If selective migration explains the increased incidence in these migrants, one expects to find a very low incidence of the disorder in Surinam. We examined the medical records of the sole psychiatric hospital in Surinam and found that the mean annual rate of first admissions for schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder (DSM-III-R criteria) in 1992 and 1993 was 1.61 per 10,000 (95% Confidence interval: 1.24–1.98 per 10,000), a normal figure. These findings constitute a challenge to the hypothesis that selection explains the increased incidence in the migrants. The possibility of an increased incidence of the disorder in Surinam (which might also explain the increased incidence among migrants) has not been ruled out by the results of this study.
Summary We tested the hypothesis that the increased incidence of schizophrenia among Surinamese immigrants to The Netherlands could be explained by a similarly high incidence in Surinam. We conducted a 1-year first-contact incidence study in Surinam and compared the findings with data from a similar study conducted in The Netherlands using the same inclusion criteria and instruments. The risk of developing a schizophrenic disorder was 2.4 times higher (95% CI 1.3–4.2) in Surinamese immigrants than in residents of Surinam. The increased risk is probably due to environmental factors in The Netherlands.
Dr. Jean-Paul Selten (Netherlands) Jean-Paul Selten received his medical degree from the University of Amsterdam and trained in psychiatry there. From 1989 to 1995 he worked at the admission ward of a psychiatric hospital in The Hague, where he wrote his Ph.D. thesis about the subjective experience of negative symptoms. Since 1995 he is psychiatrist at the University Medical Centre in Utrecht. His work has focused on the epidemiology of schizophrenia, in particular schizophrenia and migration. In collaboration with Dr. Cantor-Graae he developed the social defeat hypothesis, which could explain how social factors influence brain functioning. He was awarded the Janssen-Cilag Award 2000 for the most talked-about schizophrenia research conducted in the Netherlands. He conducted first-contact incidence studies in the Netherlands and in Surinam. The study in Surinam was the first study of its kind on the South-American continent.
quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: Meninarmer our children are very hurt inside. I was visiting an elementary school when the children were watching the inaugaration of Obama. When they saw Biden kiss his sons they were shocked and felt it was an indication of gayness.
I felt very sorry for these kids because I showed my sons (five) and daughter affection growing up and I kiss my grandchildren today. Yet many of the children today don't know anything about a father's love for their sons.
This is Sad to say the least.
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Because of my Surinam background I know of polygamous, matriarchal cultures where the family unit is a mother and her children assisted by the mother’s mother and her older brother, as a father like figure. The children’s biological father is the ‘father like’ figure for the children of his sister.
The west is patriarchal and considers these traditions as heathen.
But even children from mommy and daddy households where daddy disrespects or even chokes mommy or molest the children, can end severely fucked up.
Interesting what you say about boys hating mommy transferring it to their girlfriends. But mommy can also say hateful things about women which the little boy absorbs. She can show preferential treatment for boys in the household.
Posts: 5454 | From: Holland | Registered: Aug 2008
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quote:Originally posted by meninarmer: Clyde, I was thinking mainly of the stipulations imposed on blacks who needed welfare and housing and once acquired, it's negative effects on parental relationships in the US. Specifically, the requirement that the father not reside in the home if housed in government homes. I'm not sure if this same stipulation was required or enforced in white welfare recipients.
From my experience it is much more difficult for a white person to get welfare. I know because I was on food stamps when unemployed. More than once they refused me help because someone in the office said they knew that I had a business in the area where I applied, which was false. While a black man I did work for who did own a business, owned two nice homes and had people working for him had food stamps.
I also tried to get help for my house payment but was refused because they told me to sell my little truck. Once a gal in the lobby told me not to tell them what I had.
I do agree that American slaves suffered trauma so it makes sense that they could still suffer from it. The question then becomes, how long and what can be done about it? Lets face it, the Jews suffered trauma too.
Posts: 3891 | From: No good deed goes unpunished. | Registered: May 2007
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quote:Originally posted by meninarmer: Clyde, I was thinking mainly of the stipulations imposed on blacks who needed welfare and housing and once acquired, it's negative effects on parental relationships in the US. Specifically, the requirement that the father not reside in the home if housed in government homes. I'm not sure if this same stipulation was required or enforced in white welfare recipients.
From my experience it is much more difficult for a white person to get welfare. I know because I was on food stamps when unemployed. More than once they refused me help because someone in the office said they knew that I had a business in the area where I applied, which was false. While a black man I did work for who did own a business, owned two nice homes and had people working for him had food stamps.
I also tried to get help for my house payment but was refused because they told me to sell my little truck. Once a gal in the lobby told me not to tell them what I had.
I do agree that American slaves suffered trauma so it makes sense that they could still suffer from it. The question then becomes, how long and what can be done about it? Lets face it, the Jews suffered trauma too.
Of - Gold, really, shouldn't you know better? Women were classified as psychologically unstable, hormone riddled, being more animal like then men, stupid, and hysterics! Women who challenged men were burned as witches. Why must you transfer this today to blacks? Why can’t they just be individual people? Why must they always be a fucked up group?
Posts: 5454 | From: Holland | Registered: Aug 2008
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I thought that meninarmer was speaking about himself so I concured.
-------------------- "Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts." (Sign hanging in Einstein's office at Princeton) Leap and the Net will Appear. Posts: 3891 | From: No good deed goes unpunished. | Registered: May 2007
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posted
Many times I've observed a black/brown person argue against their being described as black. Their arguement generally starts with; Look at me. Do I look black? Is this resistance against the description more to do with the reality of their appearance, or the overwhelming negative perceptions European have formed around the word, Black?
Color psychology is a field of study devoted to analyzing the effect of color on human behavior and feeling, distinct from phototherapy (the use of ultraviolet light to cure infantile jaundice). Color psychology is an immature field of study viewed dubiously by mainstream psychologists and therefore qualifies as "alternative medicine". Critics view it as an overstatement of what can be justified by research, and point out that different cultures have completely different interpretations of color.
Practitioners of color psychology, sometimes called color consultants, such as Jeanette Fisher of Joy to the Home, claim there are a number of reactions to color which seem to be noted in most persons. They also note that common physiological effects often accompany the psychological effects.
Color consultants claim hues in the red area of color are typically viewed as "warm" while those in the blue and green range are typically viewed as "cool". Reds are also viewed as active and exciting, while the blues and greens are viewed as soothing and passive. Physiological tests have revealed similar responses. It's claimed that red hues increase bodily tension and stimulate the autonomic nervous system, while "cool" hues release tension.
Color consultants also point to an increasing number of studies linking colors to specific responses. One study found that weight lifters have more powerful performances in blue rooms, and another study found that babies cry more frequently in yellow rooms. Color consultants believe that the colors used in the design of environment can have a significant impact on the emotions and performance of people within that environment.
Although color psychology is a relatively new area of scientific research, ancient civilizations believed in the influence of color on humans. The ancient Chinese, Egyptians, and Indians believed in chromotherapy, or healing with colors. This form of therapy has never had a basis in European medicine.
quote:Originally posted by of_gold: LOL, good point.
Iagree, good point Egmond.
quote:I do agree that American slaves suffered trauma so it makes sense that they could still suffer from it. The question then becomes, how long and what can be done about it? Lets face it, the Jews suffered trauma too.
Haha, I think the issue is much more complex than "suffered trauma".
I think many of us prevailed through slavery. There was certainly likely some kind of mental trauma and I'm not sure how much would have been socially passed down.
I think the key problem NOW is that in the mind of many/some blacks all "black" is equated with all negativity (other than a few concessions almost exclusively related to entertainment: sports, music, dance, and comedy though they all do take a really special kind of talent). In the West people think very racially and race is seen as denoting intrinsic qualities that people of a certain race can't escape (can't hop over the fence and enter another races territory because you probably don't posses the ability and it'd be considered traitorous).
Race IMO is just clever ploy to keep people forever programmed to think that things outside of their control limit them instead of looking inside of themselves for the solution to their problems.
The younger the generations get, though, the better I think. It's like they're becoming imune to all this psychological bullshit the same way bugs become imune to pesticides (and they have to continue to make new ones).
Posts: 5555 | From: Tha 5th Dimension. | Registered: Apr 2006
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quote:Originally posted by The younger the generations get, though, the better I think. It's like they're becoming imune to all this psychological bullshit the same way bugs become imune to pesticides (and they have to continue to make new ones). [/QB]
It's not so much the bugs become immune to pesticides, as much as they are ignorant of the pesticide and fly into the bug lamp with no clue or thought of the ramifications. This is called, Impulse Response conditioning. Young people today aren't experiencing anything different then those of the past with the exception they've been crippled and dumbed down by Oprah, XBOX, and BET.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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So my point is it wasn't just the slavery rape and murder. It was the cultural virus we were infected with and couldn't get away from stuck in a foreign land now our home still foreigner's in the land.
If any thing sick-bastard acts only signified to us that guilt trips they attempted on us for being black were just crude attempts at a pacifist tactic.
Pacifist guilt trips like White Jesus hates you black devils unless you repent ... for being black, or like, whites are "superior" physically to blacks so be thankful for your positions in life.
If there's any "negative" PTSS maybe it's the fact that some/many of us are so very distrustful of anything something white-affiliated says.
Since we didn't have to many good voices or representations in media outside of literature for the longest the below is was a primal counter tactic in media:
quote:I think the key problem NOW is that in the mind of many/some blacks all "black" is equated with all negativity
No trust in ourselves. We're building that now though. A common glimpse of it in the past was the crab-barreling some try hoping for "black solidarity" to shine through. No need to crab barrel, just to work together.
By trust I just mean the absence of fear I don't mean caution but histerical and illogical paranoia.
Posts: 5555 | From: Tha 5th Dimension. | Registered: Apr 2006
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Crab barreling. What an silly analogy I've observed silly Egmond promote. I've seen crabs escape the barrel falling into the mouths of larger crab eating fish. Hence the saying, out of the frying pan, into the fire. It would help if crabs actually had some idea of what awaited them outside of the barrel, BUT, crabs being the impulsive and unknowing creatures they are place the scrambling on blind faith and instinct, not possessing a clue of the end goal of the frantic climb over the heads of other equally ignorant crab's heads with no plan of what they will actually achieve. There is something hideously wrong with intelligent humans equating themselves with grain sized brained, crabs in a barrel. This illusion of Individuality is one concept grasped to tightly to the lost and confused.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:Originally posted by meninarmer: I LOVE Women!!! Even Stalkers!
No sense trying to woo me now meninarmer, I already think your fucked up. Posts: 3891 | From: No good deed goes unpunished. | Registered: May 2007
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quote:Originally posted by meninarmer: I LOVE Women!!! Even Stalkers!
No sense trying to woo me now meninarmer, I already think your (YOU'RE) fucked up.
I know I am, but do you? In spite of being "fucked up", I still realize with everything else, I LOVE women. Can't say the same for many.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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It's gonna take a humble crab to patiently wait for others to be like it and start a new more intelligent and determined crab barrel culture.
quote:This illusion of Individuality is one concept grasped to tightly to the lost and confused.
I'm guessing with context that you imply that we who speak of crab barrels think crabs should simply behave individually and capitalistically. Actually, the whole point of the analogy is that people behaving as such are the ones mindlessly pulling the others down, and that not everyone trying to reach the top is blindly doing so though there probably for sure are.
Posts: 5555 | From: Tha 5th Dimension. | Registered: Apr 2006
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quote:Originally posted by MaximallyAbstract_Faith: It's gonna take a humble crab to patiently wait for others to be like it and start a new more intelligent crab barrel culture.
quote:This illusion of Individuality is one concept grasped to tightly to the lost and confused.
I'm guessing with context that you imply that we who speak of crab barrels think crabs should simply behave individually and capitalistically. Actually, the whole point of the analogy is that people behaving as such are the ones mindlessly pulling the others down, and that not everyone trying to reach the top is blindly doing so though there probably for sure are.
Crabs are mindless. Thus, each and every crab will pull one another down endlessly, because that is their nature. They are by nature, mindless individually motivated creatures where one will be no different then the other. If one makes it over the heads of the others, it still has absolutely no clue or plan about it's next action, or how it's escape will effect itself, or the others. If one escapes, it is by shear chance.
I've always felt Ants are a much better model. An ant has a plan of it's escape and realizes it cannot escape or survive on it's own, and if it climbs over another ant's head, it is to make a ladder for all ants to escape. Tiny Ants are a more intelligent model than large lumbering, mindless crabs. Perhaps blacks reuse this crab analogy because subconsciously, they think so little of themselves and their fellow crabs.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:The use of the "N" word towards one another was always a strong indication of this inward focused self hatred resulting from the condition
^ I agree with this, based not only the use of the word itself, but the manner in which it is used.
I'd say it's general but I can definitely agree with a little empasis on the bolded [esp with the older generation sometimes as wise as they can be].
Posts: 5555 | From: Tha 5th Dimension. | Registered: Apr 2006
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^ Actually, the "older" generation had begun discontinuing the use of the word in the 60s with the rise of black economic empowerment and political progress. The word was resurrected during the 1980s assault on black communities to reverse this 1960s progress by the introduction of crack cocaine, disparity in Prison sentencing, Prison Privatization, displacement of black fathers from the home, and elevation of teen-age black males as Head of household figures, and cultural role models.
This younger generation are the elements currently championing the propagation of the word, and presenting contradicting justifications on it's use.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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quote:Originally posted by meninarmer: ^ Actually, the "older" generation had begun discontinuing the use of the word in the 60s with the rise of black economic empowerment and political progress. The word was resurrected during the 1980s
^This is accurate tho. I don't use the word.
Posts: 5555 | From: Tha 5th Dimension. | Registered: Apr 2006
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I will say that the majority who do use it as a result of internalized hatred or sheer learned habit, but some of us don't habitually use it or use it very often but don't refrain from saying nigga in a sort of revolt to the notion that the word really means something.
And, I know, that's just the point of words/symbols/codes - to convey some sort of meaning. Even those who first said the phrase "sticks and stones" probably wouldn't repeat their verbal assailant's words if truly un affected and not caring. But nigger is a bit pervasive.
I acknowledge that to convey something is the very point of words and also acknowledge that some people are essentially showing their unbelief of the attributes it's supposed to hold.
Why else would that ancient "Negas" thing be able to catch on, as sad as it is? Posts: 5555 | From: Tha 5th Dimension. | Registered: Apr 2006
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^ It's usage is being aggressively promoted, by whites & Jews. As the Jewish led NAACP conferences about the evils of it's usage, the Jewish led BET and rap record company executives insist to "artists" that they propagate it through their medium.
Posts: 3595 | From: Moved To Mars. Waiting with shotgun | Registered: Dec 2006
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