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^Mali - Delusional "Make-believe-loving" Albinos are the same, regardless of where they reside. I guess they feel that if they lie long enough and hard enough, then their wish will come true, they will be like normal people in their own land.
Note those in Israel and Australia, they try to live like normal people in those environments. But they are not normal to those environments, thus that environment is not healthy to them.
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This series is from the channel of record The owner of this television channel is called edir macedo he is the bishop of the universal church he is the leader of the church universal you may have heard talk of this church because it is present in thousands of countries
Long time this church is fighting against the religions of African origin. They are intolerant. This is a serious problem in Brazil. The so-called neo-Pentecostal churches hate African religions
Bishop of Universal Church kicking Catholic saint (the black madonna) in Brazil it is called Our Lady of Aparecida
On the day that Catholics celebrate the day of Our Lady of Aparecida The pastor says the Catholic church just wants to profit and that God can not be compared with a doll so ugly, so horrible, and so unhappy
The people of Guaratinguetá decided to hold a feast in his honour, the fishermen went down to the Paraíba waters to fish for the feast. Three of the fishermen, Domingos Garcia, João Alves, and Filipe Pedroso, prayed to Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, and asked God's help. They were unable to catch any fish, and after several hours in the river, they were ready to give up when João cast his net once more near the Port of Itaguaçu. Instead of fish, he hauled in the body of a statue with a missing head. They cast their net again, and brought up the statue's head. After cleaning the statue, they found that it was a black version of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception. Legend has it that when the fishermen recovered the body, then the head, the slender figure of the Aparecida Virgin became so heavy that they couldn't budge it.
The fishermen named the statue Nossa Senhora da Aparecida Conceição (English: Our Lady of the Appeared Conception), wrapped it in cloth and continued to fish; now their catch was so great that they returned to port because the weight of the fish threatened to sink their craft.
Devotion to the statue grew rapidly, particularly among Afro-Brazilians, not only for its black Madonna status, but also because one of the first miracles attributed to the image was reportedly performed to an enslaved young man.
Our Lady of Aparecida has, more than once, been the source of religious conflicts among Roman Catholics and Protestants, primarily from the non-mainline churches, or those identified with charismatic, evangelical or fundamentalist theology (including all waves of pentecostalism).
On May 16, 1978, a Protestant took the statue from its niche on the Basilica after the last Mass of the day. He was chased by guards and some of the church goers. As he was caught, the statue fell to the ground breaking to pieces. Because the statue was made of clay that had been submersed in water for a long time, it was difficult to put the pieces back together, but a group of dedicated artists and artisans carefully pieced it together again.
On her feast day in 1995, a public holiday, an incident later known as "kicking of the saint" took place when televangelist bishop Sérgio Von Helder (or Helde), of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG), kicked a replica of Our Lady Aparecida on a late-night religious program broadcast by Rede Record, which is owned by the UCKG. On the following day, Rede Globo's Jornal Nacional denounced the incident, causing a nationwide commotion. The event was perceived by Catholics as a major act of religious intolerance, causing a public outcry. Several temples of the UCKG were targeted by protesters, and Von Helder was transferred to South Africa until the end of the controversy
Great leaders Neopentecostals are Whites, are just one is black. These churches have believers of all races. The problem is that these churches are racist because they call religions with African roots religion of the devil and that story that Africans are descended from cam so are cursed
evangelical teachers refuse to teach the history of africa and evangelical students refuse to learn
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White people of the EU, UK and USA erased black people from ancient history, classical history and middle age history of the world.In their movies and documentaries they portrayed the Egyptian as pale people and the servant as black.Mulato people in the Arab world, Iran and Brazil also portrayed the Egyptian as pale or mulato in their movies and documentaries.I think the reason why is to justify their envy, hatred, racism, mistreatment, exploitation and killing of black peoples worlwide.If they portrayed Egyptian and Jew as black it would have been difficult for them to be racist agaisnt black.
I dont realy care about token black put in prestigious position by those people because I know in the other hand they are erasing the original human, the chosen human aka the black man out of millenia of world history, world science, world religion, world philosophy etc.It is unimaginable the crime Western Academia perpatrated on the original human-black human of this world.Those people are EVIL.
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Mike what this evangelist did, kicking th statue was of course insensitive. That aside you seem to have a perference for Catholicism over Protestantism. Is it only because Catholicism is older? Some of the notable differences is that Protestants don't pray to saints and don't believe that a man such as the pope should be a universal authortiy. There's also the Spanish Inquisition. Do you think Catholicism is a better choice for Black folk rather than Baptism even though you yourself might be atheist? And look at the heirarchy of the Catholic church, pretty pale. The only thing they have going for them are some black madonnas but where's the black Jesus? bait and switch?
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: Mike what this evangelist did, kicking th statue was of course insensitive. That aside you seem to have a perference for Catholicism over Protestantism. Is it only because Catholicism is older? Some of the notable differences is that Protestants don't pray to saints and don't believe that a man such as the pope should be a universal authortiy. There's also the Spanish Inquisition. Do you think Catholicism is a better choice for Black folk rather than Baptism even though you yourself might be atheist? And look at the heirarchy of the Catholic church, pretty pale. The only thing they have going for them are some black madonnas but where's the black Jesus? bait and switch?
When I speak in terms of Catholics and Protestants, I am speaking in historical political terms, not in religious terms.
Lioness - I am an English speaking westerner, so of course I was born into some sort of Protestant religion. In light of this fact, I would guess that there are still many Blacks on this forum who find it difficult to envision Catholicism as THE Black religion of the recent past, but that it was, the Albinos lies and revisions of history notwithstanding.
Even harder for western Blacks, is the fact that Protestantism was used as the focusing agent for the murder, genocide, and enslavement of European Blacks by the British and the Germans. All of this has of course been washed away by the Albinos, but that's how it used to be.
Protestantism, a movement that began in northern Europe in the early 16th century as a reaction to medieval Roman Catholic doctrines and practices. Along with Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, Protestantism became one of three major forces in Christianity. After a series of European religious wars in the 16th and 17th centuries, and especially in the 19th century, it spread throughout the world. Anglicanism: world distribution [Credit: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]
Origins of Protestantism;
The name Protestant first appeared at the Diet of Speyer in 1529, when the Roman Catholic emperor of Germany, Charles V (Carlos Quinto), rescinded the provision of the Diet of Speyer in 1526 that had allowed each ruler to choose whether to administer the Edict of Worms.
Emperor Charles V
On April 19, 1529, a protest against this decision was read on behalf of 14 free cities of Germany and six Lutheran princes who declared that the majority decision did not bind them because they were not a party to it and that if forced to choose between obedience to God and obedience to Caesar they must choose obedience to God. They appealed either to a general council of all Christendom or to a synod of the whole German nation. Those who made this protest became known to their opponents as Protestants, and gradually the label was applied to all who adhered to the tenets of the Reformation, especially to those living outside Germany.
In Germany the adherents of the Reformation preferred the name evangelicals and in France Huguenots. The name was attached not only to the disciples of Martin Luther (c. 1483–1546) but also to the Swiss disciples of Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531) and later of John Calvin (1509–64). The Swiss reformers and their followers in Holland, England, and Scotland, especially after the 17th century, preferred the name Reformed.
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The Protestant Reformation of the early 16th century began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church. German theologian Martin Luther wrote his Ninety-Five Theses on the sale of indulgences in 1517. Parallel to events in Germany, a movement began in Switzerland under the leadership of Ulrich Zwingli. The political separation of the Church of England from Rome under Henry VIII, beginning in 1529 and completed in 1536, brought England alongside this broad Reformed movement. The Scottish Reformation of 1560 decisively shaped the Church of Scotland and, through it, all other Presbyterian churches worldwide.
Following the excommunication of Luther and condemnation of the Reformation by the Pope, the work and writings of John Calvin were influential in establishing a loose consensus among various groups in Switzerland, Scotland, Hungary, Germany and elsewhere. In the course of this religious upheaval, the German Peasants' War of 1524–1525 swept through the Bavarian, Thuringian and Swabian principalities. After the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) in the Low Countries and the French Wars of Religion (1562–1598), the confessional division of the states of the Holy Roman Empire eventually erupted in the Thirty Years' War of 1618–1648. This left Germany weakened and fragmented for more than two centuries, until the unification of Germany under the German Empire of 1871.
The success of the Counter-Reformation on the Continent and the growth of a Puritan party dedicated to further Protestant reform polarized the Elizabethan Age, although it was not until the Civil War of the 1640s that England underwent religious strife comparable to that which its neighbours had suffered some generations before.
The "Great Awakenings" were periods of rapid and dramatic religious revival in Anglo-American religious history, generally recognized as beginning in the 1730s. They have also been described as periodic revolutions in colonial religious thought.
In the 20th century, Protestantism, especially in the United States, was characterized by accelerating fragmentation. The century saw the rise of both liberal and conservative splinter groups, as well as a general secularization of Western society. Notable developments in the 20th century of US Protestantism was the rise of Pentecostalism, Christian fundamentalism and Evangelicalism. While these movements have spilled over to Europe to a limited degree, the development of Protestantism in Europe was more dominated by secularization, leading to an increasingly "post-Christian Europe".
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Remembering that Black Europeans were mostly Catholics:
The aftermath of Bacon's Rebellion
In 1705, the Virginia General Assembly made a declaration that would seal the fate of Black Americans for generations to come...
"All servants imported and brought into the Country...who were not Christians in their native Country (remember - Catholics are NOT Christians)...shall be accounted and be slaves. All Negro, mulatto and Indian slaves within this dominion...shall be held to be real estate. If any slave resist his master...correcting such slave, and shall happen to be killed in such correction...the master shall be free of all punishment...as if such accident never happened."
The code, which would also serve as a model for other colonies, went even further. The law imposed harsh physical punishments, since enslaved persons who did not own property could not be required to pay fines. It stated that slaves needed written permission to leave their plantation, that slaves found guilty of murder or rape would be hanged, that for robbing or any other major offence, the slave would receive sixty lashes and be placed in stocks, where his or her ears would be cut off, and that for minor offences, such as associating with whites, slaves would be whipped, branded, or maimed.
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In Brazil the majority of the population is Catholic. Most blacks are Catholic but have people in your family who are of religion Candomble or Umbanda. I was baptized as a baby, I did first communion. My family has remnants of African religions. Brazilians usually mix everything. Is religious syncretism.
In slavery blacks were prevented from worshiping their gods then they syncretizing. example:
1 Peter, Apostle, Saint Reigned 33-67 2 Linus, Saint Reigned c.67-76 3 Anacletus, Saint Reigned 76-88 aka Cletus 4 Clement I, Saint Reigned 88-97 5 Evaristus, Saint Reigned c.98- c.106 (Aristus) 6 Alexander I, Saint Reigned c.106-115 7 Sixtus I, Saint Reigned 115-125 XYSTUS in the oldest documents 8 Telesphorus, Saint Reigned 125-136 9 Hyginus, Saint Reigned c.136-140 10 Pius I, Saint Reigned c.140-c.154 11 Anicetus, Saint Reigned c.157-168 12 Soter, Saint Reigned c.166-c.174 13 Eleutherius, Saint Reigned c.175-189 14 Victor I, Saint Reigned 189-c.198 15 Zephyrinus, Saint Reigned 198-217 16 Callistus I Reigned 218-c.222 17 Urban I Reigned 222-230 18 Pontian, Saint Reigned 230-235 19 Anterus, Saint Reigned 235-236 aka Anteros 20 Fabian, Saint Reigned 236-250 21 Cornelius Reigned 251-253 22 Lucius I, Saint Reigned 253-254 23 Stephen I, Saint Reigned 254-257 24 Sixtus II, Saint Reigned 257-258 XYSTUS in the oldest documents 25 Dionysius, Saint Reigned 260-268 26 Felix I, Saint Reigned 269-274 27 Eutychianus, Saint Reigned 275-283 28 Caius, Saint Reigned 283-296 29 Marcellinus, Saint Reigned 296-304 30 Marcellus I, Saint Reigned 308-309 31 Eusebius, Saint Reigned 309 or 310 32 Miltiades, Saint Reigned 311-314 33 Sylvester I, Saint Reigned 314-335 34 Mark, Saint Reigned 336 aka Marcus 35 Julius I, Saint Reigned 337-352 36 Liberius Reigned 352-366 37 Damasus I, Saint Reigned 366-383 38 Siricius, Saint Reigned 384-399 39 Anastasius I, Saint Reigned 399-401 40 Innocent I Reigned 401-417 41 Zosimus, Saint Reigned 417-418 42 Boniface I, Saint Reigned 418-422 43 Celestine I, Saint Reigned 422-432 44 Sixtus III, Saint Reigned 432-440 XYSTUS in the oldest documents 45 Leo I, Saint Reigned 440-461 46 Hilarus, Saint Reigned 461-468 47 Simplicius, Saint Reigned 468-483 48 Felix III (II), Saint Reigned 483-492 49 Gelasius I, Saint Reigned 492-496 50 Anastasius II Reigned 496-498 51 Symmachus, Saint Reigned 498-514 52 Hormisdas, Saint Reigned 514-523 53 John I, Saint Reigned 523-c.526 54 Felix IV (III) Reigned 526-530 55 Boniface II Reigned 530-532 56 John II Reigned 533-535 57 Agapetus I, Saint Reigned 535-536 58 Silverius, Saint Reigned 536-537 59 Vigilius Reigned 537-555 60 Pelagius I Reigned 556-561 61 John III Reigned 561-574 62 Benedict I Reigned 575-579 63 Pelagius II Reigned 579-590 64 Gregory I (the Great), Saint Reigned 590-604 65 Sabinianus Reigned 604-606 66 Boniface III Reigned 607 67 Boniface IV Reigned 608-615 68 Deusdedit, Saint Reigned 615-618 69 Boniface V Reigned 619-625 70 Honorius I Reigned 625-638 71 Severinus Reigned 640 72 John IV Reigned 640-642 73 Theodore I Reigned 642-649 74 Martin I, Saint Reigned 649-655 75 Eugene I Reigned 655-657 76 Vitalian, Saint Reigned 657-672 77 Adeodatus, Saint Reigned 672-676 78 Donus Reigned 676-678 79 Agatho, Saint Reigned 678-681 80 Leo II, Saint Reigned 682-683 81 Benedict II Reigned 684-685 82 John V Reigned 685-686 83 Conon Reigned 686-687 84 Sergius I, Saint Reigned 687-701 85 John VI Reigned 701-705 86 John VII Reigned 705-707 87 Sisinnius Reigned 708 88 Constantine Reigned 708-715 89 Gregory II, Saint Reigned 715-731 90 Gregory III, Saint Reigned 731-741 91 Zachary, Saint Reigned 741-752 92 Stephen II Elected 752 died before his consecration; excluded from some lists 93 Stephen III (II) Reigned 752-757 94 Paul I Reigned 757-767 95 Stephen IV (III) Reigned 768-772 96 Adrian I Reigned 772-795 97 Leo III, Saint Reigned 795-816 98 Stephen V (IV) Reigned 816-817 99 Paschal I Reigned 817-824 100 Eugene II Reigned 824-827 101 Valentine Reigned 827 102 Gregory IV Reigned 827-844 103 Sergius II Reigned 844-847 104 Leo IV, Saint Reigned 847-855 105 Benedict III Reigned 855-858 106 Nicholas I, Saint Reigned 858-867 107 Adrian II Reigned 867-872 108 John VIII Reigned 872-882 109 Marinus I Reigned 882-884 110 Adrian III, Saint Reigned 884-885 111 Stephen VI (V) Reigned 885-891 112 Formosus Reigned 891-896 113 Boniface VI Reigned 896 114 Stephen VII (VI) Reigned 896-897 115 Romanus Reigned 897 116 Theodore II Reigned 897 117 John IX Reigned 898-900 118 Benedict IV Reigned 900-903 119 Leo V Reigned 903 120 Sergius III Reigned 904-911 121 Anastasius III Reigned 911-913 122 Lando Reigned 913-14 123 John X Reigned 914-928 124 Leo VI Reigned 928 125 Stephen VIII (VII) Reigned 929-931 126 John XI Reigned 931-936 127 Leo VII Reigned 936-939 128 Stephen IX (VIII) Reigned 939-942 129 Marinus II Reigned 942-946 130 Agapetus II Reigned 946-955 131 John XII Reigned 955-964 132 Leo VIII Reigned 964-965 133 Benedict V Reigned 964 134 John XIII Reigned 965-972 135 Benedict VI Reigned 973-974 136 Benedict VII Reigned 974-983 137 John XIV Reigned 983-984 138 John XV (XVI) Reigned 985-996 139 Gregory V Reigned 996-999 140 Sylvester II Reigned 999-1003 141 John XVII (XVIII) Reigned 1003 142 John XVIII (XIX) Reigned 1003-1009 143 Sergius IV Reigned 1009-1012 144 Benedict VIII Reigned 1012-1024 145 John XIX (XX) Reigned 1024-1032 146 Benedict IX Reigned 1032-1044 147 Sylvester III Reigned 1045 148 Benedict IX Reigned 1045 149 Gregory VI Reigned 1045-1046 150 Clement II Reigned 1046-1047 151 Benedict IX Reigned 1047-1048 152 Damasus II Reigned 1048 153 Leo IX, Saint Reigned 1049-1054 154 Victor II Reigned 1055-1057 155 Stephen X (IX) Reigned 1057-1058 156 Nicholas II Reigned 1058-1061 157 Alexander II Reigned 1061-1073 158 Gregory VII, Saint Reigned 1073-1085 159 Victor III, Blessed Reigned 1086-1087 160 Urban II, Blessed Reigned 1088-1099 161 Paschal II Reigned 1099-1118 162 Gelasius II Reigned 1118-1119 163 Callistus II Reigned 1119-1124 164 Honorius II Reigned 1124-1130 165 Innocent II Reigned 1130-1143 166 Celestine II Reigned 1143-1144 167 Lucius II Reigned 1144-1145 168 Eugene III Reigned 1145-1153 169 Anastasius IV Reigned 1153-1154 170 Adrian IV Reigned 1154-1159 171 Alexander III Reigned 1159-1181 172 Lucius III Reigned 1181-1185 173 Urban III Reigned 1185-1187 174 Gregory VIII Reigned 1187 175 Clement III Reigned 1187-1191 176 Celestine III Reigned 1191-1198 177 Innocent III Reigned 1198-1216 178 Honorius III Reigned 1216-1227 179 Gregory IX Reigned 1227-1241 180 Celestine IV Reigned 1241 181 Innocent IV Reigned 1243-1254 182 Alexander IV Reigned 1254-1261 183 Urban IV Reigned 1261-1264 184 Clement IV Reigned 1265-1268 185 Gregory X Reigned 1271-1276 186 Innocent V Reigned 1276 187 Adrian V Reigned July-August 1276 188 John XXI (XX) Reigned 1276-1277 189 Nicholas III Reigned 1277-1280 190 Martin IV Reigned 1281-1285 191 Honorius IV Reigned 1285-1287 192 Nicholas IV Reigned 1288-1292 193 Celestine V, Saint Reigned 1294 194 Boniface VIII Reigned 1294-1303 195 Benedict XI, Blessed Reigned 1303-1304 196 Clement V Reigned 1305-1314 197 John XXII Reigned 1316-1334 198 Benedict XII Reigned 1334-1342 199 Clement VI Reigned 1342-1352 200 Innocent VI Reigned 1352-1362 201 Urban V, Blessed Reigned 1362-1370 202 Gregory XI Reigned 1370-1378 203 Urban VI Reigned 1378-1389 204 Boniface IX Reigned 1389-1404 205 Innocent VII Reigned 1404-1406 206 Gregory XII Reigned 1406-1415 207 Martin V Reigned 1417-1431 208 Eugene IV Reigned 1431-1447 209 Nicholas V Reigned 1447-1455 210 Callistus III Reigned 1455-1458 211 Pius II Reigned 1458-1464 212 Paul II Reigned 1464-1471 213 Sixtus IV Reigned 1471-1484 214 Innocent VIII Reigned 1484-1492 215 Alexander VI Reigned 1492-1503 216 Pius III Reigned 1503 217 Julius II Reigned 1503-1513 218 Leo X Reigned 1513-1521 219 Adrian VI Reigned 1522-1523 220 Clement VII Reigned 1523-1534 221 Paul III Reigned 1534-1549 222 Julius III Reigned 1550-1555 223 Marcellus II Reigned 1555 (22 days) 224 Paul IV Reigned 1555-1559 225 Pius IV Reigned 1559-1565 226 Pius V, Saint Reigned 1566-1572 227 Gregory XIII Reigned 1572-1585 228 Sixtus V Reigned 1585-1590 229 Urban VII Reigned 1590 230 Gregory XIV Reigned 1590-1591 231 Innocent IX Reigned 1591 232 Clement VIII Reigned 1592-1605 233 Leo XI Reigned 1605 234 Paul V Reigned 1605-1621 235 Gregory XV Reigned 1621-1623 236 Urban VIII Reigned 1623-1644 237 Innocent X Reigned 1644-1655 238 Alexander VII Reigned 1655-1667 239 Clement IX Reigned 1667-1669 240 Clement X Reigned 1670-1676 241 Innocent XI Reigned 1676-1689 242 Alexander VIII Reigned 1689-1691 243 Innocent XII Reigned 1691-1700 244 Clement XI Reigned 1700-1721 245 Innocent XIII Reigned 1721-1724 246 Benedict XIII Reigned 1724-1730 247 Clement XII Reigned 1730-1740 248 Benedict XIV Reigned 1740-1758 249 Clement XIII Reigned 1758-1769 250 Clement XIV Reigned 1769-1774 251 Pius VI Reigned 1775-1799 252 Pius VII Reigned 1800-1823 253 Leo XII Reigned 1823-1829 254 Pius VIII Reigned 1829-1830 255 Gregory XVI Reigned 1831-1846 256 Pius IX Reigned 1846-1878 257 Leo XIII Reigned 1878-1903 258 Pius X Reigned 1903-1914258 Pius X Reigned 1903-1914 259 Benedict XV Reigned 1914-1922 260 Pius XI Reigned 1922-1939 261 Pius XII Reigned 1939-1958 262 John XXIII, Blessed Reigned 1958-1963 263 Paul VI Reigned 1963-1978 264 John Paul I Reigned 1978 (33 days) 265 John Paul II Reigned 1978-2005 266 Benedict XVI Reigned 2005-present
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Lioness I miss the logic here. If the "NEW" Albino Catholic Church has repeatedly proven itself to be a source of falsehood, and it has, then what reason is there to believe them on the Pope thing?
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quote:Originally posted by Mike111: Lioness I miss the logic here. If the "NEW" Albino Catholic Church has repeatedly proven itself to be a source of falsehood, and it has, then what reason is there to believe them on the Pope thing?
OK assuming what the current Catholic church says is a lie in the above lists of popes do you assume all popes were back before a certain point? If so what approximate pint would that be according to you research?
Don't tell me you're afraid to answer this because you're intimdated by the what the Vatican might say or do, I thought you had at least 3/4 of a testicle
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1 Peter, Apostle, Saint Reigned 33-67 2 Linus, Saint Reigned c.67-76 3 Anacletus, Saint Reigned 76-88 aka Cletus 4 Clement I, Saint Reigned 88-97
5 Evaristus, Saint Reigned c.98- c.106 (Aristus) 6 Alexander I, Saint Reigned c.106-115 7 Sixtus I, Saint Reigned 115-125 XYSTUS in the oldest documents 8 Telesphorus, Saint Reigned 125-136 9 Hyginus, Saint Reigned c.136-140 10 Pius I, Saint Reigned c.140-c.154 11 Anicetus, Saint Reigned c.157-168 12 Soter, Saint Reigned c.166-c.174 13 Eleutherius, Saint Reigned c.175-189 14 Victor I, Saint Reigned 189-c.198 15 Zephyrinus, Saint Reigned 198-217 16 Callistus I Reigned 218-c.222 17 Urban I Reigned 222-230 18 Pontian, Saint Reigned 230-235 19 Anterus, Saint Reigned 235-236 aka Anteros 20 Fabian, Saint Reigned 236-250 21 Cornelius Reigned 251-253 22 Lucius I, Saint Reigned 253-254 23 Stephen I, Saint Reigned 254-257 24 Sixtus II, Saint Reigned 257-258 XYSTUS in the oldest documents 25 Dionysius, Saint Reigned 260-268 26 Felix I, Saint Reigned 269-274 27 Eutychianus, Saint Reigned 275-283 28 Caius, Saint Reigned 283-296 29 Marcellinus, Saint Reigned 296-304 30 Marcellus I, Saint Reigned 308-309 31 Eusebius, Saint Reigned 309 or 310 32 Miltiades, Saint Reigned 311-314 33 Sylvester I, Saint Reigned 314-335 34 Mark, Saint Reigned 336 aka Marcus 35 Julius I, Saint Reigned 337-352 36 Liberius Reigned 352-366 37 Damasus I, Saint Reigned 366-383 38 Siricius, Saint Reigned 384-399 39 Anastasius I, Saint Reigned 399-401 40 Innocent I Reigned 401-417 41 Zosimus, Saint Reigned 417-418 42 Boniface I, Saint Reigned 418-422 43 Celestine I, Saint Reigned 422-432 44 Sixtus III, Saint Reigned 432-440 XYSTUS in the oldest documents 45 Leo I, Saint Reigned 440-461 46 Hilarus, Saint Reigned 461-468 47 Simplicius, Saint Reigned 468-483 48 Felix III (II), Saint Reigned 483-492 49 Gelasius I, Saint Reigned 492-496 50 Anastasius II Reigned 496-498 51 Symmachus, Saint Reigned 498-514 52 Hormisdas, Saint Reigned 514-523 53 John I, Saint Reigned 523-c.526 54 Felix IV (III) Reigned 526-530 55 Boniface II Reigned 530-532 56 John II Reigned 533-535 57 Agapetus I, Saint Reigned 535-536 58 Silverius, Saint Reigned 536-537 59 Vigilius Reigned 537-555 60 Pelagius I Reigned 556-561 61 John III Reigned 561-574 62 Benedict I Reigned 575-579 63 Pelagius II Reigned 579-590 64 Gregory I (the Great), Saint Reigned 590-604
65 Sabinianus Reigned 604-606 66 Boniface III Reigned 607 67 Boniface IV Reigned 608-615 68 Deusdedit, Saint Reigned 615-618 69 Boniface V Reigned 619-625 70 Honorius I Reigned 625-638 71 Severinus Reigned 640 72 John IV Reigned 640-642 73 Theodore I Reigned 642-649 74 Martin I, Saint Reigned 649-655 75 Eugene I Reigned 655-657 76 Vitalian, Saint Reigned 657-672 77 Adeodatus, Saint Reigned 672-676 78 Donus Reigned 676-678 79 Agatho, Saint Reigned 678-681 80 Leo II, Saint Reigned 682-683 81 Benedict II Reigned 684-685 82 John V Reigned 685-686 83 Conon Reigned 686-687 84 Sergius I, Saint Reigned 687-701 85 John VI Reigned 701-705 86 John VII Reigned 705-707 87 Sisinnius Reigned 708 88 Constantine Reigned 708-715 89 Gregory II, Saint Reigned 715-731 90 Gregory III, Saint Reigned 731-741 91 Zachary, Saint Reigned 741-752 92 Stephen II Elected 752 died before his consecration; excluded from some lists 93 Stephen III (II) Reigned 752-757 94 Paul I Reigned 757-767 95 Stephen IV (III) Reigned 768-772 96 Adrian I Reigned 772-795 97 Leo III, Saint Reigned 795-816 98 Stephen V (IV) Reigned 816-817 99 Paschal I Reigned 817-824 100 Eugene II Reigned 824-827 101 Valentine Reigned 827 102 Gregory IV Reigned 827-844 103 Sergius II Reigned 844-847 104 Leo IV, Saint Reigned 847-855 105 Benedict III Reigned 855-858 106 Nicholas I, Saint Reigned 858-867 107 Adrian II Reigned 867-872 108 John VIII Reigned 872-882 109 Marinus I Reigned 882-884 110 Adrian III, Saint Reigned 884-885 111 Stephen VI (V) Reigned 885-891 112 Formosus Reigned 891-896 113 Boniface VI Reigned 896 114 Stephen VII (VI) Reigned 896-897 115 Romanus Reigned 897 116 Theodore II Reigned 897 117 John IX Reigned 898-900 118 Benedict IV Reigned 900-903 119 Leo V Reigned 903 120 Sergius III Reigned 904-911 121 Anastasius III Reigned 911-913 122 Lando Reigned 913-14 123 John X Reigned 914-928 124 Leo VI Reigned 928 125 Stephen VIII (VII) Reigned 929-931 126 John XI Reigned 931-936 127 Leo VII Reigned 936-939 128 Stephen IX (VIII) Reigned 939-942 129 Marinus II Reigned 942-946 130 Agapetus II Reigned 946-955 131 John XII Reigned 955-964 132 Leo VIII Reigned 964-965 133 Benedict V Reigned 964 134 John XIII Reigned 965-972 135 Benedict VI Reigned 973-974 136 Benedict VII Reigned 974-983 137 John XIV Reigned 983-984 138 John XV (XVI) Reigned 985-996 139 Gregory V Reigned 996-999 140 Sylvester II Reigned 999-1003 141 John XVII (XVIII) Reigned 1003 142 John XVIII (XIX) Reigned 1003-1009 143 Sergius IV Reigned 1009-1012 144 Benedict VIII Reigned 1012-1024 145 John XIX (XX) Reigned 1024-1032 146 Benedict IX Reigned 1032-1044 147 Sylvester III Reigned 1045 148 Benedict IX Reigned 1045 149 Gregory VI Reigned 1045-1046 150 Clement II Reigned 1046-1047 151 Benedict IX Reigned 1047-1048 152 Damasus II Reigned 1048 153 Leo IX, Saint Reigned 1049-1054 154 Victor II Reigned 1055-1057 155 Stephen X (IX) Reigned 1057-1058 156 Nicholas II Reigned 1058-1061 157 Alexander II Reigned 1061-1073 158 Gregory VII, Saint Reigned 1073-1085 159 Victor III, Blessed Reigned 1086-1087 160 Urban II, Blessed Reigned 1088-1099 161 Paschal II Reigned 1099-1118 162 Gelasius II Reigned 1118-1119 163 Callistus II Reigned 1119-1124 164 Honorius II Reigned 1124-1130 165 Innocent II Reigned 1130-1143 166 Celestine II Reigned 1143-1144 167 Lucius II Reigned 1144-1145 168 Eugene III Reigned 1145-1153 169 Anastasius IV Reigned 1153-1154 170 Adrian IV Reigned 1154-1159 171 Alexander III Reigned 1159-1181 172 Lucius III Reigned 1181-1185 173 Urban III Reigned 1185-1187 174 Gregory VIII Reigned 1187 175 Clement III Reigned 1187-1191 176 Celestine III Reigned 1191-1198 177 Innocent III Reigned 1198-1216 178 Honorius III Reigned 1216-1227 179 Gregory IX Reigned 1227-1241 180 Celestine IV Reigned 1241 181 Innocent IV Reigned 1243-1254 182 Alexander IV Reigned 1254-1261 183 Urban IV Reigned 1261-1264 184 Clement IV Reigned 1265-1268 185 Gregory X Reigned 1271-1276 186 Innocent V Reigned 1276 187 Adrian V Reigned July-August 1276 188 John XXI (XX) Reigned 1276-1277 189 Nicholas III Reigned 1277-1280 190 Martin IV Reigned 1281-1285 191 Honorius IV Reigned 1285-1287 192 Nicholas IV Reigned 1288-1292 193 Celestine V, Saint Reigned 1294 194 Boniface VIII Reigned 1294-1303 195 Benedict XI, Blessed Reigned 1303-1304 196 Clement V Reigned 1305-1314 197 John XXII Reigned 1316-1334 198 Benedict XII Reigned 1334-1342 199 Clement VI Reigned 1342-1352 200 Innocent VI Reigned 1352-1362 201 Urban V, Blessed Reigned 1362-1370 202 Gregory XI Reigned 1370-1378
203 Urban VI Reigned 1378-1389 204 Boniface IX Reigned 1389-1404 205 Innocent VII Reigned 1404-1406 206 Gregory XII Reigned 1406-1415 207 Martin V Reigned 1417-1431 208 Eugene IV Reigned 1431-1447 209 Nicholas V Reigned 1447-1455 210 Callistus III Reigned 1455-1458 211 Pius II Reigned 1458-1464 212 Paul II Reigned 1464-1471 213 Sixtus IV Reigned 1471-1484 214 Innocent VIII Reigned 1484-1492 215 Alexander VI Reigned 1492-1503 216 Pius III Reigned 1503 217 Julius II Reigned 1503-1513 218 Leo X Reigned 1513-1521 219 Adrian VI Reigned 1522-1523 220 Clement VII Reigned 1523-1534 221 Paul III Reigned 1534-1549 222 Julius III Reigned 1550-1555 223 Marcellus II Reigned 1555 (22 days) 224 Paul IV Reigned 1555-1559 225 Pius IV Reigned 1559-1565 226 Pius V, Saint Reigned 1566-1572 227 Gregory XIII Reigned 1572-1585 228 Sixtus V Reigned 1585-1590 229 Urban VII Reigned 1590 230 Gregory XIV Reigned 1590-1591 231 Innocent IX Reigned 1591 232 Clement VIII Reigned 1592-1605 233 Leo XI Reigned 1605 234 Paul V Reigned 1605-1621 235 Gregory XV Reigned 1621-1623 236 Urban VIII Reigned 1623-1644 237 Innocent X Reigned 1644-1655 238 Alexander VII Reigned 1655-1667 239 Clement IX Reigned 1667-1669 240 Clement X Reigned 1670-1676 241 Innocent XI Reigned 1676-1689 242 Alexander VIII Reigned 1689-1691 243 Innocent XII Reigned 1691-1700 244 Clement XI Reigned 1700-1721 245 Innocent XIII Reigned 1721-1724 246 Benedict XIII Reigned 1724-1730 247 Clement XII Reigned 1730-1740 248 Benedict XIV Reigned 1740-1758 249 Clement XIII Reigned 1758-1769 250 Clement XIV Reigned 1769-1774 251 Pius VI Reigned 1775-1799 252 Pius VII Reigned 1800-1823 253 Leo XII Reigned 1823-1829 254 Pius VIII Reigned 1829-1830 255 Gregory XVI Reigned 1831-1846 256 Pius IX Reigned 1846-1878 257 Leo XIII Reigned 1878-1903 258 Pius X Reigned 1903-1914258 Pius X Reigned 1903-1914 259 Benedict XV Reigned 1914-1922 260 Pius XI Reigned 1922-1939 261 Pius XII Reigned 1939-1958 262 John XXIII, Blessed Reigned 1958-1963 263 Paul VI Reigned 1963-1978 264 John Paul I Reigned 1978 (33 days) 265 John Paul II Reigned 1978-2005 266 Benedict XVI Reigned 2005-present
Lioness - I wonder if you noted that they say POPES "BORN" IN AFRICA.
quote: San Calogero was the patron saint of sciacca in the 6th century, when the population was being decimated by the black plauge he healed the towns people by discovering vaporous healing caves and mineral waters.
quote: Mount Calogero, named for a hermit who resided there in the thermal caves during the 6th century. The hermit was eventually sainted for his good works, and Saint Calogero is Sciacca's patron saint to this day. A grand Baroque-style basilica dedicated to Calogero was built near the site during the 16th century.
quote:Originally posted by Mike111I would guess that there are still many Blacks on this forum who find it difficult to envision Catholicism as THE Black religion of the recent past, but that it was, the Albinos lies and revisions of history notwithstanding.
Even harder for western Blacks, is the fact that Protestantism was used as the focusing agent for the murder, genocide, and enslavement of European Blacks by the British and the Germans. All of this has of course been washed away by the Albinos, but that's how it used to be.
Mike you only alleged that a few popes were Black. That doesn't seem to dovetail with your black Europe theories. Like your website has sections called Black Germany covering the Holy Roman Empire and Black Britain. The Holy Roman Empire is at least 800-1517 just in that one segment are 122 popes (take further it back to Charlemagne if you prefer, that's even more) So if you are claiming the Holy Romans of Germany, Spain etc were black would you not claim that all the popes in Rome were also Black at that time? And what about the prior 97 popes? How is this fitting your Europe was black theory if you only list about three black popes. Even if you had 20, that's only about 8% of all popes Mike are you whitifying the pope history here? Souldn't there be a continuos line of black popes rather than one here on there? You are making it seem like blacks were a small minority in Europe, Mike what happened?
Posts: 42954 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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posted
^As I obtain more authentic portraits of Black Popes, I will post them. In the meantime, at least one thing has been proven beyond a doubt: Albinos are degenerate liars.
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quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol: It's sickening!
WELCOME TO BRAZIL
Of course whites are racists. Are you kidding?
For one thing these people were not even known of or heard of in the ancient world before 500 years ago except for the Greeks and Romans. The rest of the planet was full of black folks and other people of color building civilizations and advanced cultures. Yet they go around the world, destroy these cultures and commit genocide against these people and turn around and say these people were all backward. Of course they will say this because how else can you commit such crimes and sleep at night without some sort of psychological justification? That is why they HAVE to cling to ancient Egypt in order to give themselves legitimacy in conquering the entire planet. Of course it is a lie but what do you expect from pathological liars?
Now if a black man stood up and stepped on and spit on a white statue of the Virgin Mary and desecrated it, white folks would want to start a crusade. But for them to do it to black folks and other people of color it is no big deal.... which only makes sense considering the things they have historically done to black folks and other people of color and gotten away with. In fact their whole religion is simply a religion that justifies and celebrates SACRIFICING blacks and people of color to their gods. It is used to make themselves into gods and to force the people to worship them for being conquered. It only makes sense considering the things they have done and continue to do.
And they have raised generations of believers because of the money and wealth they have stolen from the natives and people of color. If it wasn't for that money, wealth and power they would have no followers, which is precisely why black folks have no real followers and supporters because they have no money and power.
Most people on this planet are sheep and sleep so they easily go for anyone telling them lies and preaching a prosperity gospel, no matter if that prosperity comes from the flagrant rape, murder and pillaging of blacks and people of color around the world. That is their theology and their sole reason for being and because of their "success" a lot of brainless morons believe there must be some good in it... And as time goes on they will see that this is a charade as these same people ultimately lead the world to its demise in the name of wealth and power.
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Religion in Brazil has a higher adherence level compared to other Latin American countries, and is more diverse. Brazil possesses a richly spiritual society formed from the meeting of the Roman Catholic Church with the religious traditions of African slaves and indigenous peoples. This confluence of faiths during the Portuguese colonization of Brazil led to the development of a diverse array of syncretistic practices within the overarching umbrella of Brazilian Roman Catholicism, characterized by traditional Portuguese festivities.
Brazilian religions are very diversified and inclined to syncretism. In recent decades, there has been a great increase of Neo-Pentecostal churches and a thriving of Afro-Brazilian religions,] which have decreased the number of members of the Roman Catholic Church. It is also important to notice how the number of Umbandists and Candomblers could be significantly higher than the official census figure, since many of them continue to this day to disguise their religion under "Roman Catholic" syncretism. Syncretism is the combining of different (often seemingly contradictory) beliefs, often while melding practices of various schools of thought.
Roman Catholicism
Catholic Church in Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil has the largest number of Catholics in the world.[10] Roman Catholicism has been Brazil's main religion since the beginning of the 16th century. It was introduced among the Native Brazilians by Jesuits missionaries and also observed by all the Portuguese first settlers.
Protestantism
Universal Church of the Kingdom of God in São Paulo.
The Campinas Brazil Temple (Latter-day Saint), in Campinas. Brazil has many offshoots of Christianity. These include neo-Pentecostalists, old Pentecostalists and Traditional Protestants (most of them Baptists, Presbyterians and Methodists) predominantly from Minas Gerais to the South. In the same region, mainly Minas Gerais and São Paulo, large sections of the middle class, about 1-2% of the total population, is Kardecist, sometimes pure, sometimes in syncretism with Roman Catholicism.
Latter-day Saints (Mormon)
In 2012, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints had a membership of 1,173,533, with 1,940 congregations and 315 family history centers. The LDS Church now also has 6 temples spread out across the nation, in Campinas, Curitiba, Manaus, Porto Alegre, Recife, and São Paulo, with an additional temple under construction in Fortal
Buddhism
Buddhism is probably the largest of all minority religions, with about 215,000 followers. This is mostly because of the large Japanese Brazilian community. About a fifth of the Japanese Brazilian community are followers of Buddhism. Japanese Buddhist sects like Nichiren Buddhism (most notably the Soka Gakkai), Jodo Shinshu and Zen are the most popular. Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana) is also present, since Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche founded the Khadro Ling center in Três Coroas, Rio Grande do Sul (where he lived until his death in 2002), and many other institutions across the country. However in recent years both Chinese Mahayana and South East Asian Theraveda sects are gaining popularity. Buddhism was introduced to Brazil in the early twentieth century, by Japanese immigrants, although now, 60% of Japanese Brazilians are now Christian due to missionary activities and intermarriage. Nevertheless, Japanese Brazilian culture has a substantial Buddhist influence.
African and Indigenous Religions
Afro-Brazilian religions are syncretic religions, such as Candomblé, that have many followers, mainly Afro-Brazilians. They are concentrated mainly in large urban centers in the Northeast, such as Salvador, Recife, or Rio de Janeiro in the Southeast. The cities of São Paulo, Porto Alegre and Florianópolis have a great number of followers, but in the South of Brazil the most common African influenced Ritual is Almas e Angola, which is an Umbanda like ritual. Nowadays, there are over 70 "Terreiros" in Florianópolis, which are the places where the rituals run. In addition to Candomblé which is the survival of West African religion, there is also Umbanda which blends Spiritism, Indigenous and African beliefs. There is prejudice about "African cults" in Brazil's south, but there are Catholics, Protestants and other kinds of Christians who also believe in the Orishas, and go both to Churches and Terreiros. Candomblé, Umbanda, Batuque, Xango, and Tambor de Mina, were originally brought by black slaves shipped from Africa to Brazil. These black slaves would summon their gods, called Orixas, Voduns or Inkices with chants and dances they had brought from Africa. These cults were persecuted throughout most of Brazilian history, largely because they were believed to be pagan or even satanic. However, the Brazilian republican government legalized all of them on the grounds of the necessary separation between the State and the Church in 1889.
In current practice, Umbanda followers leave offerings of food, candles and flowers in public places for the spirits. Candomblé terreiros are more hidden from general view, except in famous festivals such as Iyemanja Festival and the Waters of Oxala in the Northeast.
From Bahia northwards there are different practices such as Catimbo, Jurema with heavy Indigenous elements. All over the country, but mainly in the Amazon rainforest, there are many Indians still practicing their original traditions. Many of their beliefs and use of naturally occurring plant derivatives are incorporated into African, Spirtitualists and folk religion. Despite these religions have experienced much greater freedom since the decline of the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, they have come under an increasing pressure from Pentecostal churches, with attacks to temples and defacement of statues of the gods.[n recent years measures have been taken to counter religious conflict.
Eastern Orthodox
The Eastern Orthodox Christian population is 500,000, composed of churches brought over by waves of Lebanese, Syrian, Armenian, Greek, Russian and Ukrainian immigrants in the past century
Judaism
The first Jews arrived in Brazil as cristãos-novos (New Christians) or conversos, names applied to Jews or Muslims who converted to Catholicism, most of them forcibly. According to the Inquisition reports, many New Christians living in Brazil during colonial times were condemned for secretly observing Jewish customs.
In 1630, the Dutch conquered portions of northeast Brazil and permitted the open practice of any religion. Many Jews came from the Netherlands to live in Brazil in the area dominated by the Dutch. Most of them were descendants of the Portuguese Jews who had been expelled from Portugal in 1497. In 1636, the Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue, the first synagogue in the Americas was built in Recife, the capital of Dutch Brazil.The original building remains to this day, but the Jews were forced to leave Brazil when the Portuguese-Brazilians retook the land in 1654.[
The first Jews that stayed in Brazil and openly practiced their religion came when the first Brazilian constitution granted freedom of religion in 1824, just after the independence. They were mainly Moroccan Jews, descendants of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews who had been expelled from Spain in 1492 and Portugal in 1497.
The first wave of Sephardic Jews was exceeded by the larger wave of immigration by Ashkenazi Jews that came at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, mainly from Russia, Poland, Belarus and Ukraine. A final significant group came, fleeing Nazism or the destruction that followed World War II. There are about 196,000 Jews in Brazil.The largest proportion of Jews is found in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro
Islam
According to the 2010 Census, there were 35,167 Muslims in Brazil. Islam in Brazil may be presumed to have first been practiced by African slaves brought from West Africa. Scholars note that Brazil received more enslaved Muslims than anywhere else in the Americas.During Ramadan, in January 1835, a small group of black slaves and freedmen from Salvador da Bahia, inspired by Muslim teachers, rose up against the government in the Malê Revolt, the largest slave rebellion in Brazil. (Muslims were called malê in Bahia at this time, from Yoruba imale that designated a Yoruba Muslim.) Fearing the example might be followed, the Brazilian authorities began to watch the malês very carefully and in subsequent years intensive efforts were made to force conversions to Catholicism and erase the popular memory of and affection towards Islam.[However, the African Muslim community was not erased overnight, and as late as 1910 it is estimated there were still some 100,000 African Muslims living in Brazil.
A recent trend has been the increase in conversions to Islam among non-Arab citizens. A recent Muslim source estimated that there are close to 10,000 Muslim converts living in Brazil.Muslim community leaders in Brazil estimated that there were between 70,000 and 300,000 Muslims, with the lower figure representing those who actively practiced their religion, while the higher estimate would include also nominal members.
Bahai
The Bahá'í Faith in Brazil started in 1919 with Bahá'ís first visiting the country that year, and the first Bahá'í Local Spiritual Assembly in Brazil was established in 1928. There followed a period of growth with the arrival of coordinated pioneers from the United States finding national Brazilian converts and in 1961 an independent national Bahá'í community was formed. During the 1992 Earth Summit, which was held in Brazil, the international and local Bahá'í community were given the responsibility for organizing a series of different programs, and since then the involvements of the Bahá'í community in the country have continued to multiply. The Association of Religion Data Archives (relying on World Christian Encyclopedia) estimated some 42,211 Bahá'ís in 2005.
Jehovah's Witness
In 2010, Brazil had 733,475 Jehovah's Witnesses with 10,796 congregations and a ratio of 1 Witness to 262 residents.
Hindu
Brazilian Hindus are ethnic East Indians. There are 1,500 PIOs (People of Indian origin) and about 400 NRIs (Non Resident Indian) in Brazil.
Posts: 42954 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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Good black Christian sheeple most be careful.Doug M said their whole religion justifies and celebrates the sacrificing of black people and color people to their God.This make them feel like God and they want people to worship them.I agree they had a child sacrifice God call Moloch in Palestine.
Those psycopathic racist.White people playing the role of biblical Pharaoh and Egyptian in a Brazilian tv serie.The bible state the Egyptian were black.Brazil is a majority brown and black country.
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: Population of Brazil: 196,655,014
Religion in Brazil
.
It's rubbish, authentic African religion was forbidden to practice, yet was incorporated into Catholism.
People in Brazil who follow Catholism mostly also follow Candomblé.
Posts: 22244 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by malibudusul: Joseph from Egypt
Only Whites Actors
Joseph lived in the lower egyptian region under the hyksos.
Most likely he never existed.
The hyksos rulers of lower egypt were not black anyway and Joseph was a hebrew,not egyptian.
quote-
The Hyksos rulers of the fifteenth dynasty of Egypt were of non-Egyptian origin. Most archaeologists describe the Hyksos as as a mix of Asiatic peoples, suggested by recorded names such as Khyan and Sakir-Har that resemble Asiatic names, and pottery finds that resemble Palestinian pottery. The name Hyksos was used by the Egyptian historian Manetho (ca. 300 BCE), who, according to the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus (1st century CE), translated the word as “king-shepherds” or “captive shepherds.” Josephus himself wished to demonstrate the great antiquity of the Jews, and thus identified the Hyksos with the Hebrews of the Bible. Hyksos was in fact probably an Egyptian term for “rulers of foreign lands” (heqa-khase), and it almost certainly designated the foreign dynasts rather than a whole nation. The Hyksos kingdom was centered in the eastern Nile Delta and Middle Egypt and was limited in size, never extending south into Upper Egypt, which was under control by Theban-based rulers except for Thebes's port city of Elim at modern Quasir. Hyksos relations with the south seem to have been mainly of a commercial nature, although Theban princes appear to have recognized the Hyksos rulers and may possibly have provided them with tribute for a period. The Hyksos Fifteenth Dynasty rulers established their capital and seat of government at Memphis and their summer residence at Avaris.
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