TRIPOLI, 19 February 2013 (IRIN) - Two years on from the start of the Libyan revolution, one major humanitarian issue awaits resolution: the internal displacement of around 60,000 Libyans accused of close ties to the Gaddafi regime and committing abuses during the nine-month conflict.
Around half of the internally displaced persons (IDPs) are ethnic Tawergha, according to the Libyan Humanitarian Relief Agency (LibAid) - driven from their home town of the same name to the east of Tripoli.
Now Tawergha community leaders say they are fed up waiting for reconciliation to start, and in June this year say they will leave their 20-odd camps - mainly in Tripoli and Benghazi - to return home.
“The life which we live now, it is no different from dying, and so we prefer to die at home,” Abdelrahman Mahmoud, head of the Local Council of the Tawergha in Tripoli, told IRIN.
“This is our final decision. We tried with all sides. We are weak, what can we do? What threat are we to anyone? We are normal people and we want to live our lives.”
Informal settlements
At the Felallah IDP camp in Tripoli around 1,000 Tawergha live in temporary cabins next to a large construction site, crammed into dormitory rooms and supported by food supplies from LibAid and with monitoring support from the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR).
Eviction from similar sites and student dormitories is a frequent threat.
“If any camps are evicted this will create a big crisis - it will be very difficult to find a place for them,” said Mohamed Al Sweii, an adviser on international cooperation and coordination with LibAid.
As the Libyan economy picks up and international companies start to return, displaced people find their informal settlements under pressure.
LibAid, the government’s humanitarian arm set-up in 2006 and under the responsibility of a deputy prime minister, tries to negotiate with companies where possible, and coordinates with international agencies and local NGOs to provide material support.
The UN has been providing humanitarian support with a special focus over the past year on helping LibAid set-up a database to track IDPs for Tawerghas, and also, other ethnic groups such as the Mshashiya and Qawalish.
“There have been improvements… but even today the conditions in which they are living are not really acceptable,” said Georg Charpentier, UN deputy special representative and resident coordinator in Libya.
“From a humanitarian point of view, it is not right that a resourceful country like Libya has a number of its own citizens living under those conditions.”
What happened?
The town of Tawergha and its population of around 35,000 were attacked by anti-Gaddafi brigades during the 2011 conflict, mainly from the nearby town of Misrata, 40km to the north.
An estimated 550,000 people were displaced by the fighting in Libya, according to UNHCR, though most have now returned.
But the Tawergha remain displaced. They live in camps and with host families, though some are held in detention, often still under the authority of local militias.
About 1,300 people from Tawergha are detained, missing, or dead, according to Human Rights Watch, which said earlier this month that crimes committed against the Tawerghans “may amount to crimes against humanity and could be prosecuted by the ICC”.
The generally dark-skinned Tawergha were accused by the brigades of siding with Qaddafi and of killing and raping residents of Misrata during the revolution
Among the missing Tawergha is the husband of Aicha*, an IDP living at the Felallah camp. A mother of three, she has not heard from her husband for 18 months since he was taken by armed men along with their car in downtown Tripoli.
“I don’t want anything from the government - just my husband and the chance to hear his voice,” she told IRIN. “They said his identity papers were fake but that was just an excuse. I’ve had no news since.”
Such stories are widespread in the camps.
Improvements
Despite the lack of resolution to the Libyan IDP problem, the last 12 months have seen a number of improvements, including a reduction in incursions by armed fighters into the camps.
“Today the environment for a dialogue and reconciliation process is much more conducive than it was, say, one year ago. It’s quite natural. Emotions are decreasing and people tend to look at things more rationally than emotionally,” Charpentier told IRIN.
The predicament of the Tawergha is now far more openly discussed in Libya, including in the local media.
“In the beginning there were so many lies about the Tawergha - people had the wrong image of us and what we had done in the war. Now people are becoming better informed,” said Mahmoud.
But these changes have not yet translated into a durable long-term solution, even if IDP access to government services has improved.
“It’s less desperate than it was but these are fairly temporary arrangements. The longer they stay there the more it impacts psychologically, and also on their welfare, with the children not really being in a real home or village,” said Emmanuel Gignac, head of UNHCR in Libya.
Plans to return
While IDP numbers are fairly stable and the government has the finances to support them, the return of IDPs is closely tied to the success of any reconciliation process.
“The key issue is not so much responding to their humanitarian needs for ever; the key issue is to encourage and trigger a dialogue and a reconciliation process that will lead to a durable solution for them,” said Charpentier.
UN officials have held regular meetings with politicians, and local and military councils in Misrata to try to chart a path forward.
As part of a roadmap for a return, Tawergha community leaders issued an official apology to the residents of Misrata and the nation in February 2012 and say they will surrender anyone accused of committing abuses, and help the judicial authorities.
LibAid officials say they are hopeful they can organize a long-delayed IDP conference in mid-March, though there remains a degree of uncertainty over whether the government or the General National Congress should lead reconciliation efforts.
“There are negotiations going on at the moment concerning the return but nothing concrete - there seems to be a lack of interest,” said Mahmoud, and the community has now unilaterally decided to move back home on 1 June.
They say politicians will never speak out on the IDP issue because of the risk of undermining their support ahead of constitutional debates.
“It’s good, it’s the right approach, but I just feel that June is a bit early. But again, it’s fair play to use this as a way to put pressure because you can’t just wait for the process to be addressed,” said Gignac.
“The later you deal with difficult issues that require reconciliation, the more difficult it is. The message is not that you have to deal with it as quickly as possible; the message is that you have to start dealing with it as quickly as possible because you may need several years to deal with it, even decades.”
The idea of a June return has increased discussions of an eventual return - but such a move is unlikely to be successful without support to rebuild a heavily looted town.
“I hope the IDP situation can be sorted out in 2013 - but for close to two years they are still in the camps. Most of them didn’t do anything during the revolution - they are women and children,” Al Sweii from LibAid told IRIN.
“We need all Libya to enjoy the revolution and its anniversary. We don’t want people in the camps to hate the revolution. But it’s very difficult if some are celebrating the revolution while others are living in camps and have a miserable life.”
Perhaps if they, and the other indigenous peoples of North Africa stood up for themselves, they wouldn't always be victims.
Yes, the well armed Albino invaders always had their European cousins across the Mediterranean to support them, and their mulatto descendants still count on them. But that is changing, those Negroes better figure something out soon.
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It's terrible what the people are suffering now
Here i an article from The Tripolli post about the Tawergha. It has some intersting details. It is sympathetic to people of Tawergha. At the same time it describes some black pro Gaddafy forces. Let people judge it as they see fit:
Tawergha : Only Through Acknowledging Our True History, Can We Move Forward 11/01/2013 18:55:00
Life as a slave was extremely miserable
By Abdullah Elmaazi
In 1963 Dadda Salma, at the age of ninety-five, had a toothless smile which was quite infectious. You could not help but smile back. Her eyes were a window to the sadness in this world and told the story of the suffering of her race. She was an emancipated black slave spending her final years in a “poor house" on the outskirts of Tripoli.
Dadda Salma was kidnapped at the age of five by Libyan slave traders from her village in southern Sudan late in the 19th century and sold to a wealthy Libyan officer in the Ottoman army.
Salma was the name given to her by her owners. She doesn’t remember the name her mother gave her. Dadda Salma’s story was not confined to the sad look in her eyes.
Astonishingly even in her advanced years when memory begins to fade, she was still able to narrate the vivid image of her mother and other women in her village screaming as they were carried away in a caravan of horse drawn carriages by their kidnappers. The mothers heaped mud on their heads as a sign of deep grief while they gave chase to the caravan.
The distance between her distraught mother and the caravan grew longer and she sobbed for a long time after losing sight of her mother. Exhaustion eventually set in and Salma and her friends fell asleep.
Within a few days they found themselves in a strange city among strange people living in a strange house which looked nothing like the mud hut where she was born and grew up. The lady of the house was not a surrogate mother but the owner of the most recently acquired slave.
Salma’s life as a slave was extremely miserable. At the age of 12 she became responsible for all the domestic chores in the house. At fourteen she was raped by her master and had to continue satisfying him in addition to doing her other 'chores'.
The lady of the house who, content that her husband had not taken a second rival, nonetheless took out her jealousy on Salma by beating her regularly. Salma was well into her thirties when a fellow slave told her of an escape route.
Salma was to be among the first black slaves to seek emancipation, availing herself of a decree by the Ottoman Sultan offering those slaves who wanted to be free the right to emancipation.
A free woman, but destitute and with no means of support, Salma headed for the poor house outside Tripoli. The majority of other emancipated slaves went to a small village just outside of Misurata, called Tawergha. The fact that this village, which grew into a town as a result of the increasing number of emancipated slaves, was located just outside Misurata was not a coincidence.
Misurata has long been one of Libya’s most entrepreneurial communities with trade, be it in spices from India or slaves from sub Saharan Africa, being the mainstay of the city’s livelihood.
The main task of the newly emancipated was to locate family members from whom they had been separated under slavery. Tawergha was an ideal venue for family reunions. However, Emancipation was not without its challenges. The freed slaves needed to work but the town itself offered no means of survival.
As was the case in the emancipated southern United States, many ex-slaves from Misurata continued to work for their former owners often in agricultural jobs or as domestic help and nannies in the case of many of the women. Soon almost everyone in Tawergha was working in Misurata and Tawergha became a “dormitory” town.
The relationship between the inhabitants of the town and those of the city was in the main cordial but never one of equals. Former slaves wanted to have autonomy within their working lives but the former slave owners were convinced they should remain “in their place".
Even in post-independence Libya, the biggest challenge the people of Tawergha faced was lack of socio-political empowerment. In a country where power resided with major regions and strong tribes and clans they had no way of gaining access to high decision making circles within the country’s hierarchy.
The social and political structure in Libya ensured that the people of Tawergha, with no affiliation or blood relationship with other tribes and clans, were in no position to command either respect or demand attention to their communities' problems. Thus Tawergha remained one of the most underdeveloped towns in Libya with its people almost entirely dependent for their survival on Misurata.
The people of Misurata took pride in their business acumen: the words pride and Misurata were almost synonymous. Wherever they settled in Libya, they formed the backbone of the business and commercial community and became part of their adopted home’s special elite.
A city enjoying such a high degree of self-confidence could afford to be generous and hospitable. Gaddafi found refuge there when he arrived as a struggling teenager, after being expelled from secondary school in the southern city of Sebha for political activism. It’s in the homes of some of the city’s most affluent families that he found shelter, hospitality and friendship among his new school friends.
It was from among these school friends in Misurata and the sons of his benefactors that he recruited some of the most influential members of his “free officers” movement who successfully mounted the September 1969 coup against the Idris Senousi monarchy. It was also in Misurata that Gaddafi became engaged to the daughter of a police general in the royal police.
If anything, the engagement of a destitute army lieutenant, the son of a Bedouin shepherd, to the daughter of a police general reflected the opportunities for upward social mobility provided for by the people of Misurata. High society in Misurata was ready to open its doors to those who demonstrated personal ambition as in Gaddafi’s case through acquiring an education and achieving army officer rank.
But race was always an obstacle to social mobility. It is virtually impossible for a black Libyan from Tawergha, the grandson of an emancipated African slave, to marry into a notable Misratan family. Slavery was still a stigma endured by the offspring of the emancipated slaves if hardly ever discussed in either society.
There were no other outward signs of discrimination: both communities seemed to understand that they could mix on any other level except mixing genes.
Genes counted for nothing among school children in 2001. Among teenage children in Misurata, racial affiliation, colour and social background were never a criteria for choosing friends - even "best friends".
This was certainly the case for fourteen-year-old high spirited Mariam, the daughter of a wealthy Misurata businessman. Mariam chose her friends according to her rating of their antics in class. The more outrageous they were the closer they came within her circle of extra mischievous friends.
Mariam’s friends knew that once she put her mind to something she would be successful and they never doubted she would become a surgeon when she announced she wanted to study medicine. Witty, pretty with a commanding presence of someone far beyond her fourteen years Salma was the life and soul of every school party. To describe her as the apple of her parents eyes is an understatement.
Mid-way through Mariam’s school year the revolution began. The people of the city of Misurata and those of the town of Tawergha were tragically to find themselves on opposite sides.
Encircled by Gaddafi’s forces by land and sea the people of Misurata refused to lay down their arms and Misurata became the Libya revolution’s “Stalingrad.” The city which embraced Gaddafi and helped propel him to power was now the most determined to bring his 42-year rule to an end.
Misurata is the key city to ruling a united Libya, more so it is indispensable for ruling an autonomous western part of Libya. For Gaddafi regaining control of Misurata was a matter of life or death.
Gaddafi unleashed his full wrath on the city and its inhabitants. Tawergha was to be the launching pad of the no holds barred onslaught. He lured the people of Tawergha to his side, with a devilish message appealing to one of humans’ most base instinct, that of revenge, of righting past wrongs.
“There will be no city called Misurata - whatever you annex will be yours" Gaddafi told the young men of Tawergha, “this is your chance to avenge centuries of slavery suffered by your ancestors and overcome your social marginalisation".
Tens, some say hundreds, of young men from Tawergha the town that gave refuge to their slave ancestors accepted Gaddafi’s offer to help him regain control of Misurata and cleansing it from the “rats” - the term Gaddafi coined for the revolutionaries.
Three weeks into the revolution, Mariam’s villa was stormed by five young black men from, Tawergha drunk and armed with automatic rifles. Mariam’s brothers together with other men of fighting age, were on the frontline fighting Gaddafi’s forces. Only Mariam’s grandfather was home. The five men took turns raping Mariam, her sister and her mother. They forced Mariam’s grandfather to watch at gun point. Mariam recognised the face of one of her rapists, as that of her best friends’ brothers.
Mariam’s fate was sealed forever. Such is the stigma that haunts rape victims in a conservative city like Misurata, that Mariam will never leave her parents’ house. She will be married off, in name only, to some distant cousin who will volunteer to conceal the family shame.
The marriage will not be consummated. Mariam will remain forever housebound. She will never become a surgeon. If she is to be widowed, she might remarry someone who does not know the story of her rape. Perhaps then she might start a new life. Mariam however will never be a surgeon.
Ultimately, Misurata emerged 'victorious' after the revolution. Tawergha was subjected to revenge attacks and largely destroyed. Human Rights Watch documented reports of scores of young men from Tawergha who died under torture in makeshift jails in Misurata. Hundreds more are still missing.
Libyans cannot build a future on a heap of historical grievances. Sometime somewhere somehow the cycle of revenge and counter revenge has to stop. Reconciliation between the people of Misurata and Tawergha can be a precursor for national reconciliation but can it be achieved within our lifetime?
Meanwhile where will the people of Tawergha be located without being dependent on another city for their livelihood? This is the moment for statesmen to take control, unfortunately however, so far there has been a lamentable dearth of statesmen in Libya.
It is incumbent on those who claim to have Libya’s interest at heart to give priority to solving this problem with justice and humanity and in a manner that both addresses the suffering and aspirations of all of the inhabitants of Libya whether they be of the elk of Dadda Salma or of Mariam.
Until that happens the suffering will continue and the pain will endure.
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were is the Western media and Western politician outrage because of the massacre and mistreatment of the black Libyan Tawerga.They are hypocriticaly quiet.
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I wonder if anyone sees the irony here. The so-called Arab Spring began because educated Mulattoes (mostly of Turkish origin, but European too), in the mulatto states of North Africa couldn't get jobs - this also exists in Saudi Arabia where they spend all their time in malls. Over time their numbers all-over will only increase. These areas are deserts with only one thing going for them - oil. Because the mulattoes have the WRONG education, 80% of the jobs are held by foreigners. What's going to happen?
A mid-May discussion between rebel fighters and tribal elders was filmed in the desert, posted later by VSMRK. Elderly black men in traditional garb listened with worry and muted disgust as young Arab thugs in baseball caps explained things.
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^Hopefully, once oil is no longer king, they will all go back to the land of their forefathers - Europe, and leave Africa and Arabia in peace.Posts: 22721 | Registered: Oct 2005
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Saudi Arabia is a barbaric country who happen to be rich in oil.It is barbaric to decapitate a 20 years old baby seater because the baby die on her care.It doesnt matter if it was intentional or by accident.They could have sentence her to prison .Saudi Arabia is a very sexist country wer woman have to wear a black mask, women cant drive, women cant stand with men in the same room, women cant walk the street with a male friend, women are stone to death for cheating.Saudi Arabia is the greatest financer of world Islamist and terrorist.Movie theaters are illegal in Saudi Arabia, drinking alcohol is illegal for the masses in Saudi Arabia.The USA and UK are the greatest allies of Saudi Arabia.
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^I think that the world would like nothing better that to just ignore the Islamic countries totally. But because of their Oil that is not possible. So we are all drawn into their doings, together with those of Israel. Hopefully, we will soon find another energy source, then we may rid ourselves of all of them.
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The article pussy-footed around the fact that the Tawergha are indigenous African Libyans living amidst invader settler Arabs whose ancestors flocked in as fellow travelers when North Africa was invaded by barbaric settler Arabs from Arabia and West Asia. They flowed in with water jugs, camels, one badly plagiarised book and long curved knives. It was convert or else. Very sadly Africa north of the equator succumbed to this pretentious bogus cult.
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Lamin I think the black Tawerga libyans are remnant of the black Garamantes kingdom of ancient time.The Arab holy book is a plagiariasation of the Syrian liturgy bible, the Torah and the bible.The muslim clergy have to encourage fanatism and intolerance to keep the masses from finding the truth.
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Notice this is the same sh#t that goes on in India, Egypt and S.East Asia where the Muhammadans scum have failed to totally genocide or convert and thus dumbdown the native culture and people.
Barak Heussien Obama is directly responsible for the ethnic cleansing of the native Black Lybians as well as the continued persecution of the Copts by the Muhammadans in Egypt and their Muhammadan government.
The Muhammadans are also trying to spread further South into Mali and Nigeria. (They have been trying for hundreds of years to penetrate further south despite resistance.) The people of Mali after intervention by the French ripped some of these lowlifes quote "limb from limb". A lesson learned a Lesson taught. You see you can't be nice and friendly with scum, esp. scum who base their Cult morality off of Garbage called Koran and Sunnah of a 50 yr old man married to a 9 yr old child, you have to be graphic.
Vlad the Impaler would have his Muhmmadan victims impaled through stakes and left out in the roads leading from the Turkish Empire, the Turkish Muhammadans left him and his people alone.
quote:Originally posted by lamin: The article pussy-footed around the fact that the Tawergha are indigenous African Libyans living amidst invader settler Arabs whose ancestors flocked in as fellow travelers when North Africa was invaded by barbaric settler Arabs from Arabia and West Asia. They flowed in with water jugs, camels, one badly plagiarised book and long curved knives. It was convert or else. Very sadly Africa north of the equator succumbed to this pretentious bogus cult.
Posts: 8804 | From: The fear of his majesty had entered their hearts, they were powerless | Registered: Nov 2007
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It is common knowledge that Africa was subjected to the colonialisms from Europe:French, British, Portugese, German, and Spanish(Spanish Sahara and Equatorial Guinea), but for some reason it is not recognised that Africa was/is also subject to Arab cultural and settler colonialism.
Arabs flowed in from Arabia or the lands in West Asia culturally colonised by Arabism. They settled mainly in North Africa but their cultural colonialism is evidenced by their religion(a plagiarised hodge podge of the Torah, the Bible, and other sources all made compatible with the primitive desert life of its subjects) which is fervently guarded as befits their primitive minds(hold a Koran the wrong way and you could be lashed publicly).
Westerners have helped these usurpers with their colonial quest by referring bogusly to the "Arab world" to refer to all the occupied territories of North Africa and West Asia.
Their dumb incursions into Mali is part and parcel of their primitive colonising efforts. They have been sufficiently arrogant in their dumbness to proclaim Mali as "the Islamic Empire of Mali" and to subject the people of Mali to barbaric Sharia rules.
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The Ottoman Turks, although enslavers of both whites and blacks were said to be less strict about religious law than the fundamentalist Islam of the Almoravid Moors or what is now going on in Mali and Algeria. Some of the current fundalmentalism could be viewd as a backlash against modern society with it's drugs, alcohol, prostitution, crime rates, atheism
The Ottoman system had three court systems: one for Muslims, one for non-Muslims, involving appointed Jews and Christians ruling over their respective religious communities, and the "trade court". The entire system was regulated from above by means of the administrative Kanun, i.e. laws, a system based upon the Turkic Yassa and Töre, which were developed in the pre-Islamic era.[citation needed] The kanun law system, on the other hand, was the secular law of the sultan, and dealt with issues not clearly addressed by the sharia system.
These court categories were not, however, wholly exclusive: for instance, the Islamic courts—which were the Empire's primary courts—could also be used to settle a trade conflict or disputes between litigants of differing religions, and Jews and Christians often went to them to obtain a more forceful ruling on an issue. The Ottoman state tended not to interfere with non-Muslim religious law systems, despite legally having a voice to do so through local governors. The Islamic Sharia law system had been developed from a combination of the Qur'an; the Hadīth, or words of the prophet Muhammad; ijmā', or consensus of the members of the Muslim community; qiyas, a system of analogical reasoning from earlier precedents; and local customs. Both systems were taught at the Empire's law schools, which were in Istanbul and Bursa.
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You have to remember that from the dawn of history, North Africa had ties with the South. This is very basic and very easy to verify but the Euroclown liberal establishment who cowtows to Arab and Turk Muhammadan lies and propaganda pretends N. Africa is some Arab homeland. We can see clearly in Egyptian art the history of the Arab Asiatic in Africa, where he is constantly portrayed Scraping and groveling at the feet of the Sutens, his ugly contorted and distorted face as the Kemetian artists struggled to depict such savagery. We also have textual evidence of Campaigns where so many slaves were taken of the defeated Arabs it almost boggles the mind. Also the very same habits of the Arab Asiatic that the Kemetians despised 5,000 yrs ago are the very same Habits of the Muhammadan Muslim cultists and the very same habit of their Pedo false prophet, plagerising desert Pirate Muhammad bin abdlallah of Arabia. One such Sterotype mentioned in the Mdu-Ntr that comes to mind is the Asiatic "Fights(Wages war) simple to Fight. So true, look at the Arabized Muhammadan Terrorists who follow the tenants/Sunnah of their Terrorist Pedo Pirate and his plagerised compiled bunch of garbage called Koran, around the world, In Pakistan, Sudan, S. East Asia and even In Europe, they fight simply to fight, constantly in a state of barbarism and conflict causing problems for the Kuffar who are the intellectual and cultural back bone of said Cultures and Nations.
Another Egyptian proverb from the Mdu-Ntr, "Dont worry about the Asiatic, he is after all an Asiatic"
quote:Originally posted by lamin: It is common knowledge that Africa was subjected to the colonialisms from Europe:French, British, Portugese, German, and Spanish(Spanish Sahara and Equatorial Guinea), but for some reason it is not recognised that Africa was/is also subject to Arab cultural and settler colonialism.
Arabs flowed in from Arabia or the lands in West Asia culturally colonised by Arabism. They settled mainly in North Africa but their cultural colonialism is evidenced by their religion(a plagiarised hodge podge of the Torah, the Bible, and other sources all made compatible with the primitive desert life of its subjects) which is fervently guarded as befits their primitive minds(hold a Koran the wrong way and you could be lashed publicly).
Westerners have helped these usurpers with their colonial quest by referring bogusly to the "Arab world" to refer to all the occupied territories of North Africa and West Asia.
Their dumb incursions into Mali is part and parcel of their primitive colonising efforts. They have been sufficiently arrogant in their dumbness to proclaim Mali as "the Islamic Empire of Mali" and to subject the people of Mali to barbaric Sharia rules.
Posts: 8804 | From: The fear of his majesty had entered their hearts, they were powerless | Registered: Nov 2007
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Honestly North Africa is a lost cause. These Arabized Africans such as the Berber Tauregs and their Arab Imams and Leaders truly disgust me. None of these Berbers even the Leuko-Berbers are Arabs, they are not Shemites but Hamites according to Abrahamic literature(Which Im sure was influenced by Babylonian science and geography) and according to Science and Linguistics they are Afro-asiatic speakers with ties to the Green Saharah and derive from East Africa.
North Africa is a lost cause, the Last Pharaoh of Egypt, Anwar Sedat and the Last Berber to rule Lybia, Gadaffi both fell to the Arab hordes.
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Islam is a very violent religion.This week in Pakistan sunni extremist blew a car bomb at a Shia religious festival killing 80 peoples.In Damascus this week Islamist terrorist detonated a car bomb in a street full of children going to school and people going to work killing 50 peoples.In Dec 2012 they blew a car bomb at Aleppo University killing 60 students, those people are insane. The Russian governement have no choice but backup the secular Syrian governement because if Syria fall to the Islamist, they will move next to the Russian muslim states of Chechnia and Dagastan creating chaos there.
Suicide bombing in Irak are so common Im amaze there still Iraki left in Irak.I didnt know Count Dracula got his notorious reputation for impaling invading muslim Turk.He wasnt that bad.
I hope muslim black African now learned from the Islamic empire of Mali of North Mali were the sharia law was imposed on the black Malian while the brown skin Tuareg, Berber and Arabs were exempt of that law.They also burned the Tombuktu Library countaining 12 cent CE African manuscripts. African black Muslim shamelessly ignore the Muslim Janjaweed genocided of black African muslim in Darfur and acted business as usual with the Arab world.
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: It's terrible what the people are suffering now
Here i an article from The Tripolli post about the Tawergha. It has some intersting details. It is sympathetic to people of Tawergha. At the same time it describes some black pro Gaddafy forces. Let people judge it as they see fit:
Tawergha : Only Through Acknowledging Our True History, Can We Move Forward 11/01/2013 18:55:00
Life as a slave was extremely miserable
You've done your work well on this site Lyin _ss trying to make people think black people were the only slaves in north Africa, pretending to have some sympathy for blacks while attempting to make the Tuareg into darkened whites. Really workin' it girl, aren't you.
However, its not going to work with me - a descendant of numerous African nations and European crusaders I might add (at least according to ancestry.com.)- perhaps unlike yourself!
Let us not forget where the vast majority of fair-skinned Libyans of the north originated. Tripoli, according to Robert Davis was “occasionally reportedly CROWDED with large numbers of Greek slaves” “Whatever they did, in Tunis and Tripoli, slaves usually wore an iron ring around an ankle, and were hobbled with a chain that weighed 25 or 30 pounds." (Davis, 2003, p. 112)
"Some masters put their white slaves to work on farms deep in the interior, where they faced yet another peril: capture and reenslavement by raiding Berbers. These unfortunates would probably never see another European for the rest of their short lives.”
You are correct Lyin _ss Life as a slave was exceedingly miserable. Now YOU judge "as you see fit"!
Lest we forget where many of the Tuareg that are today not east African in appearance get their intermediate color - it was from white maternal enslaved ancestors of as late as 150 years ago. According to Davis, Berbers came down from the mountains and the Tuareg also raided plantations of North Africa for white slaves which were taken deep into the desert.
“Neighboring mountain peoples, the Berbers and Tuaregs, appear to have occasionally attacked outlying farms and were happy to enslave anyone they found there, Moors, renegades, or slaves…things could turn much worse with these nomads, who often took them far into the interior ‘feeding them as little as possible…’ leaving them no hope of eventual escape and contact with FELLOW EUROPEANS.”. Christian Slaves , Muslim Masters p. 87 , 2003.
As the racist Michael Hoffman wrote "The stereotype from Establishment consensus history is of the Muslim slaver herding chained Blacks through the desert. In fact, for seven hundred years, until the fall of Muslim Spain, those being herded WERE FIRST AND FOREMOST OVERWHELMINGLY WHITE:"
Every Middle Eastern scholar or historian knows that except those North Africans who wish to put themselves in the place of the ancient black people known as "Moors".
“Before the tenth century the Muslims generally bought Christian Europeans as slaves... By the tenth century, Slavs became the most numerous imported group... during the late Middle Ages, until the fall of Granada in the late fifteenth century, most slaves of the... Muslims were Christians from the northern kingdoms...” (William Phillips, Slavery from Roman Times to the Early Transatlantic Trade. 1985, p. 69).
Only Through Acknowledging Our True History, Can We Move Forward Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: BTW - please read the news. The people invading Africa are Al-Qaeda, not "Arabs"! God knows where they are from!
The worst is that NATO and the USA government armed Al-qaeda (using their Qatar proxy, a dictatorship) to fight off Gaddafi like they do in Syria now. Weapons which have magically found their way to Al-Qaeda in Mali. Then they pretend they are fighting off Al-Qaeda. Libya is still a lawless state held by armed groups all around the country. Pyromaniac by night, fireman by day.
Posts: 2981 | Registered: Jan 2012
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posted
You are right AmunRa the Ultimate the EU and USA foreign policy are crazy.The USA and EU armed the mercenary neo assassin group Al Qaeda using Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Turkey as proxy to fight Muammar Kaddafi in Libya and Bashar Al Assad in Syria.The reason is to destroyed economic competition to the Western world comming from the middle east and North Africa.Libya and Syria due to the great management of their leaders were future regional financial power like Abu Dabi of the UAE.Now Libya who use to be the richest country in Africa is destroyed and occupied by terrorist, Syria is being destroyed in a civil war with international terrorist group Al Qaeda.
The Al Qaeda group that invaded and occupied Northern Mali for a year and terrorising Malian with the Sharia came from Libya.After being expelled by the French army to protect their Malian gold and uranium mines the Al Qaeda terrorists are hiding on the northern Malian desert and mountain.
The West are playing a duality game, criminal at night,police by day.
Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012
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Russia: France Fighting in Mali Rebels It Armed in Libya
by Naharnet Newsdesk 10 February 2013, 19:53
The rebels France is battling in northern Mali are some of the very same fighters it helped arm in Libya, Russia's Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said Sunday.
"In Mali, France is fighting against those it armed in Libya against (Moammar) Gadhafi's regime in violation of the U.N. Security Council (arms) embargo," Lavrov said in extracts of a television interview published by Russian news agencies.
Lavrov has previously criticized French arms drops to rebels fighting Gadhafi's regime, denouncing France's interpretations of a U.N. resolution allowing the use of force to protect the civilian population.
He also claimed that other veterans of the Libyan civil war are now fighting in Syria against the regime of President Bashar Assad.
"I'm baffled by our partners' inability" to see the bigger picture, he added.
Russia, a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council, abstained from a March 2011 vote allowing international strikes against Gadhafi's forces, leading to the fall of his regime.
Moscow has frequently said the NATO response in Libya exceeded the resolution.
France last month intervened in Mali at the request of Bamako authorities after Islamists rebels began advancing southward towards the capital.
The rebels had taken over the north of the country following a March 2012 coup in Bamako and the region had become a haven for Al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb. Source: Agence France Presse
posted
Dont forget the War Mongering Mulatto from Chicago, Barak Hussein Obama, also supported the Rag-tag Muhammadan Trash calling itself a Rebel army.
Posts: 8804 | From: The fear of his majesty had entered their hearts, they were powerless | Registered: Nov 2007
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quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: BTW - please read the news. The people invading Africa are Al-Qaeda, not "Arabs"! God knows where they are from!
dana don't play dumb, if they are not Arabs who are they ?
and while we are on alternative theories, question: did an Arab/s write the Quaran ?
Posts: 42930 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: question: did an Arabs write the Quaran ?
Wiki
Short extracts from the Quran were printed as early as the tenth century in various parts of the Muslim world with a method known as wood-block printing. In this technique a page is carved in a wooden block, one block per page. A similar technique was widely used in China. Another technique, known as movable-type printing, was used to print the Quran in Venice around 1537. Two more editions include those published by the pastor Abraham Hinckelmann in Hamburg in 1694 and by Italian priest Ludovico Maracci in Padua in 1698. The latter print included an accurate Latin translation. In 1787 in Saint Petersburg, Catherine the Great of Russia, sponsored a print of the Quran by a Muslim scholar named Mullah Osman Ismail. This was followed by editions from Kazan (1803), Tehran (1828) and Istanbul (1877). Gustav Flügel published an edition of the Quran in 1834 in Leipzig, which became popular in Europe. This edition provided a large number of readers with access to a reliable text and was referred to for a long time thereafter, until the publication of an edition of the Quran in Cairo in 1924 which was the result of a long preparation process by scholars from al-Azhar university. This edition which standardized the orthography of the Quran is the basis of current editions of the Quran.
Defacto Control of Islam and the Muslim world was taken-over by the Turks when the Arab Abbasid (who built their capital in Baghdad) caliph al-Qa'im (reigned 1031–75) replaced the last Buyid's name, al-Malik al-Rahim, in the khutbah and on the coins, with that of Toghril Beg (Seljuq Turk leader). Toghril entered Baghdad in December 1055. The Arab caliph enthroned him and married a Seljuq princess. Posts: 22721 | Registered: Oct 2005
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posted
Egypt was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1517, after which it became a province of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman invasion pushed the Egyptian system into decline. The defensive militarization damaged its civil society and economic institutions.
The brief French invasion of Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte began in 1798. After the French were defeated by the British, a power vacuum was created in Egypt, and a three-way power struggle ensued between the Ottoman Turks, Egyptian Mamluks (Turkish Slave soldiers) who had ruled Egypt for centuries, and Albanian (Turk) mercenaries in the service of the Ottomans. It ended in victory for the Albanians led by Muhammad Ali.
Muhammad Ali annexed Northern Sudan (1820–1824), Syria (1833), and parts of Arabia and Anatolia; but in 1841 the European powers, fearful lest he topple the Ottoman Empire itself, forced him to return most of his conquests to the Ottomansy.
After the First World War (WWI), Saad Zaghlul and the Wafd Party led the Egyptian nationalist movement to a majority at the local Legislative Assembly. When the British exiled Zaghlul and his associates to Malta on 8 March 1919, the country arose in its first modern revolution. The revolt led the UK government to issue a unilateral declaration of Egypt's independence on 22 February 1922.
The publication of an edition of the Quran in Cairo in 1924 which was the result of a long preparation process by scholars from al-Azhar university. This edition which standardized the orthography of the Quran is the basis of current editions of the Quran.Posts: 22721 | Registered: Oct 2005
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posted
The mid-14th-century Black Death (Plague) killed about 40% of Egypt's population.
Plague
The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350, and killing between 75 million and 200 million people.
The Black Death is thought to have started in China or central Asia. It then traveled along the Silk Road and reached the Crimea by 1346. From there, it was probably carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30 to 60 percent of Europe's population.
Why was it called "the Black death"?
Medieval people called the catastrophe of the 14th century either the "Great Pestilence"' or the "Great Plague". Writers contemporary to the plague referred to the event as the "Great Mortality". Swedish and Danish chronicles of the 16th century described the events as "black" for the first time, not to describe the late-stage sign of the disease, in which the sufferer's skin would blacken due to subepidermal hemorrhages and the extremities would darken with a form of gangrene, acral necrosis, but more likely to refer to black in the sense of glum or dreadful and to denote the terror and gloom of the events. The German physician and medical writer Justus Hecker suggested that a mistranslation of the Latin atra mors (terrible, or black, death) had occurred in Scandinavia when he described the catastrophe in 1832 in his publication "Der schwarze Tod im vierzehnten Jahrhundert". The work was translated into English the following year, and with the cholera epidemic happening at that time, "The Black Death in the 14th century" gained widespread attention and the terms Schwarzer Tod and Black Death became more widely used in the German- and English-speaking worlds, respectively.
Posts: 22721 | Registered: Oct 2005
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quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: BTW - please read the news. The people invading Africa are Al-Qaeda, not "Arabs"! God knows where they are from!
dana don't play dumb, if they are not Arabs who are they ?
and while we are on alternative theories, question: did an Arab/s write the Quaran ?
Did six million Jews die in Nazi gas chambers?
Posts: 4254 | From: dasein | Registered: Jun 2009
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posted
These people in Mali are not all Arabs but they are Arabized, no different than the Janjiweed in Sudan.
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: BTW - please read the news. The people invading Africa are Al-Qaeda, not "Arabs"! God knows where they are from!
dana don't play dumb, if they are not Arabs who are they ?
and while we are on alternative theories, question: did an Arab/s write the Quaran ?
Posts: 8804 | From: The fear of his majesty had entered their hearts, they were powerless | Registered: Nov 2007
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posted
Libya: gas exports to Italy halted after clashes 3/3/13
TRIPOLI, Libya (AP) -- Transport of natural gas from Libya to Italy through a major pipeline in the country's west was halted Sunday after clashes between tribesmen and forces guarding the natural gas complex, a security official said.
The unrest was just the latest instance of tribal clashes disrupting efforts to bring Libya under control of the central government.
A company official said foreign staff of the Mettillah Oil and Gas complex near Zwara, about 110 kilometers (70 miles) from the capital Tripoli, were evacuated following the clashes which broke out Saturday.
The security official said the move to halt exports was a security measure, but no pipelines were affected. He said one of the company staff was injured during the clashes, which ended on Sunday.
Both officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak to reporters.
The complex is a joint venture between Libya's National Oil Corporation and Italy's largest energy company, Eni SpA.
A lawmaker from Zwara, Nouri Abu-Sahmein, blamed the guards at the complex.
Abu-Sahmein said the clashes broke out after guards refused to stop at a local checkpoint. Clashes erupted with the local ethnic Berber tribesmen early Saturday, killing a tribesman.
The guards are from Zintan, home of the rebels who were first to sweep into the capital, Tripoli, in August last year, dealing the decisive blow to the regime of former dictator Moammar Gadhafi.
The empowered militiamen took charge of guarding the natural gas complex, raising the anger and jealousy of local tribesmen. Turf wars between different tribes in post-Gadhafi Libya over control of strategic areas are common, as the central government struggles to impose order.
After the first clashes, three guards were arrested, prompting them to call in their supporters from Zintan, who surrounded the natural gas complex and fired at the local tribesmen, killing one, Abu-Sahmein said.
Many of the tribal conflicts are along ethnic lines between Arab and ethnic Berbers.
Abu-Sahmein said local tribes, including some Arab tribes, have called on the government to send the military to guard the complex to stave off disputes and protect the country's resources.
The Mettillah complex is one of Libya's largest oil and gas production facilities. Exports to Italy were halted during the civil war in 2011.
Posts: 22721 | Registered: Oct 2005
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posted
The Italian businessman are making million selling Libyan gas and oil to Italy.War most of the time is about making money.
Western politician,journalist and scholar dont get it, in multi ethnic and tribal countries in Africa, West Asia, Hindu Kush and other democracy doesnt work it create ethnic and tribal conflict.The ethnic group with the biggest number take all the power and money and oppress the other tribes.In a multi ethnic country you need equal representation of all tribes trough the council of elders and a strong central governement(so call dictator) that keep all the tribes in check.Tribal representation is more important then one man one vote.The council of elders and king system existed in Ancient Egypt, in Rome and precolonial Africa.Libya under Kadafi had a council that represented all the tribes.Now it is democratic chaos in Libya were different tribes are fighting for their share of the oil money.
Western businessman and corporation with local politician are making a ton of money out of Irak and Libya oil deals.
posted
Yes mena7 you are quite correct, in some instances a dictatorship, monarchy, or council is better.
But what I don't understand is the apparent disinterest the tribes have in taking power. I imagine that this has to do with fear of the Europeans stepping in if they make moves against the Albinos and their mulattoes.
Being mindful that most coastal people are Europeans from recent invasions and their mulattoes.
Posts: 22721 | Registered: Oct 2005
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quote:Originally posted by mena7: The Italian businessman are making million selling Libyan gas and oil to Italy.War most of the time is about making money.
Western politician,journalist and scholar dont get it, in multi ethnic and tribal countries in Africa, West Asia, Hindu Kush and other democracy doesnt work it create ethnic and tribal conflict.The ethnic group with the biggest number take all the power and money and oppress the other tribes.In a multi ethnic country you need equal representation of all tribes trough the council of elders and a strong central governement(so call dictator) that keep all the tribes in check.Tribal representation is more important then one man one vote.The council of elders and king system existed in Ancient Egypt, in Rome and precolonial Africa.Libya under Kadafi had a council that represented all the tribes.Now it is democratic chaos in Libya were different tribes are fighting for their share of the oil money.
Western businessman and corporation with local politician are making a ton of money out of Irak and Libya oil deals.
Democracies never "work". They all end up corrupted by power, opportunity and money.
It's just a matter of time.....
Posts: 108 | Registered: Aug 2011
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quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: BTW - please read the news. The people invading Africa are Al-Qaeda, not "Arabs"! God knows where they are from!
dana don't play dumb, if they are not Arabs who are they ?
and while we are on alternative theories, question: did an Arab/s write the Quaran ?
Did six million Jews die in Nazi gas chambers?
No before the gas chambers your German ancestors murdered people by lining them up and killing them with rifles or machine guns. That was about a million right there. Gas chambers were first used in America in the 1920s to execute prisoners. Before your German ancestors used gas chambers they used trucks Starting in December 1939, the Nazis introduced new methods of mass murder by using gas.[131] First, experimental gas vans equipped with gas cylinders and a sealed trunk compartment, were used to kill mental care clients of sanatoria in Pomerania, East Prussia, and occupied Poland, as part of an operation termed Action T4. In the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, larger vans holding up to 100 people were used from November 1941, using the engine's exhaust rather than a cylinder.These vans were introduced to the Chełmno extermination camp in December 1941, and another 15 of them were used by the Einsatzgruppen in the occupied Soviet Union.These gas vans were developed and run under supervision of the Reich Main Security Office, and were used to kill about 500,000 people, primarily Jews, but also Romani and others
It is unknown exactly how many people were killed in the gas chambers but the estimated total number of people killed in the concentration camps where the gas chambers were used people were already being starved to death, is 2,814,500. And thy built ovens to burn up all the bodies they were producing. 1,440 corpses could be burned at the larger crematorium every 24 hours. Auschwitz had 4 of these ovens. Why in a modern country would you need that? The largest gas chambers could kill about 1,500 at once. Meanwhile the average German civilian was living in a stable economy that Hitler had recovered from the depression before the war even started. When the demand for corpse disposal overtaxed the camp’s ovens, camp authorities, needing to speed up the process, again resorted to burning bodies on pyres, using the huge pits that had been dug behind Crematorium V.
This is how the simpleton operates. He makes a false statement that 6 million Jews died in gas chambers and because it is false he uses it to try to portray his ancestors as not murderers. The actual number of people who were killed by gas in the concentration camps is estimated to be 1.1 million people, more were killed by starvation, being worked to death, shot an lynched and disease. According to the memoirs of Rudolf Höss, Commandant of Auschwitz, Adolf Eichmann suggested using "showers of carbon monoxide while bathing, as was done with mental patients in some places in the Reich." Instead of leading to water, the showerheads were connected to canisters of carbon monoxide.
The birth of this method had varied sources, including one ironic twist. Artur Nebe, a Nazi-killing squad commander, had come home drunk from a party one night and passed out in his garage with his car still running. The carbon monoxide gas from the exhaust nearly killed him. As Nebe related the incident to his SS comrades, this near-miss convinced him that gassing could be used effectively against the Jews and other Nazi enemies. Gas would be cheaper than bullets, and no Nazi would directly take a life
^^^ before the gas chambers anguishedofbeing's ancestors used trucks like this with the exhaust piped into the cargo area.
Posts: 42930 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by lamin: The article pussy-footed around the fact that the Tawergha are indigenous African Libyans living amidst invader settler Arabs whose ancestors flocked in as fellow travelers when North Africa was invaded by barbaric settler Arabs from Arabia and West Asia. They flowed in with water jugs, camels, one badly plagiarised book and long curved knives. It was convert or else. Very sadly Africa north of the equator succumbed to this pretentious bogus cult.
You don't know history very well. Many of North Africa were followers of the Mosiac faith and remained so for CENTURIES, even after the Arab invasion. So this debunks your silly caricature of history. There were Hebrew tribes in Morocco and Mauritania well into the 16th and 17th century. In fact the second wave of Moors i.e. the znega had Jewish tribes men to their north, and that was centuries after the arab conquest of north africa.
Posts: 1296 | From: the planet | Registered: May 2011
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quote:Originally posted by -Just Call Me Jari-: These people in Mali are not all Arabs but they are Arabized, no different than the Janjiweed in Sudan.
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: BTW - please read the news. The people invading Africa are Al-Qaeda, not "Arabs"! God knows where they are from!
dana don't play dumb, if they are not Arabs who are they ?
and while we are on alternative theories, question: did an Arab/s write the Quaran ?
You are getting this info from the whites, no? There are black arabs in Africa who are Arabs, not arabized. If Arabic language according to all these linguist is from Africa then it would stand to reason some of these forefather arabs would still be on the continent, no? You find them in Cameroon, Northern Nigeria, Sudan etc.
Posts: 1296 | From: the planet | Registered: May 2011
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posted
^The absolute absurd stupidity that anyone would actually believe that White Turks and their mulattoes could possibly have evolved less than 25 miles from Africa.
It is so stupid that the only way to properly express myself is to ask:
quote:You don't know history very well. Many of North Africa were followers of the Mosiac faith and remained so for CENTURIES, even after the Arab invasion. So this debunks your silly caricature of history. There were Hebrew tribes in Morocco and Mauritania well into the 16th and 17th century. In fact the second wave of Moors i.e. the znega had Jewish tribes men to their north, and that was centuries after the arab conquest of north africa.
Stupid talk. All those Abrahamic cults--Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are just nonsensical BS that dumb blacks accept unthinkingly. What does it profit an African to be the psychological slave of those Abrahamic West Asian jokers? Nothing.
Posts: 5492 | Registered: Nov 2004
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quote:You don't know history very well. Many of North Africa were followers of the Mosiac faith and remained so for CENTURIES, even after the Arab invasion. So this debunks your silly caricature of history. There were Hebrew tribes in Morocco and Mauritania well into the 16th and 17th century. In fact the second wave of Moors i.e. the znega had Jewish tribes men to their north, and that was centuries after the arab conquest of north africa.
Stupid talk. All those Abrahamic cults--Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are just nonsensical BS that dumb blacks accept unthinkingly. What does it profit an African to be the psychological slave of those Abrahamic West Asian jokers? Nothing.
Not sure what this diatribe has to do with the price of rice in China?
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