posted
Medieval Arab genealogists divided Arabs into three groups:
1) "Ancient Arabs", tribes that had vanished or been destroyed, such as ʿĀd and Thamud, often mentioned in the Qur'an as examples of God's power to destroy those who did not believe and follow their prophets and messengers.
All contemporary Arabs were considered as descended from the later two, groups with the ancestors, Qahtan and Adnan.
2) Qahtan "Pure Arabs" of South Arabia, descending from Qahtan. The Qahtanites (Qahtanis) are said to have migrated from the land of Yemen following the destruction of the Ma'rib Dam (sadd Ma'rib). Semitic peoples either originating in, or claiming genealogical descent from the southern extent of the Arabian Peninsula, especially from Yemen
3) Adnanite The "Arabized Arabs" (musta`ribah) of center and North Arabia, descending from Ishmael the elder son of Abraham. The Book of Genesis narrates that God promised Hagar to beget from Ishmael twelve princes and turn him to a great nation.(Genesis 17:20) The Book of Jubilees, in the other hand, claims that the sons of Ishmael intermingled with the 6 sons of Keturah, from Abraham, and their descendants were called Arabs and Ishmaelites.Adnan (Arabic: عدنان) is the traditional ancestor of the Adnanite Arabs of Northern, Western and Central-Western Arabia,According to tradition, Adnan is the father of a group of the Ishmaelite Arabs who inhabited West and Northern Arabia. Adnan is believed by Arab genealogies to be the father of many Ishmaelite tribes along the Western coast of Arabia, Northern Arabia and Iraq .According to Islamic tradition, the Islamic prophet Muhammad was descended from Adnan.
there is no such thing as "true Arab", that's tribal competative bullshit (unless Muhammad was not a true Arab (theortically possible))
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Muhammad Ali (Pasha): In March 1803 the British were evacuated in accordance with the Peace of Amiens. But the Ottomans, determined to reassert their control over Egypt remained, establishing their power through a viceroy and an occupying army of Albanians. The Albanians later mutinied and installed their own leader as acting viceroy. When he was assassinated shortly afterward, the command of the Albanians passed to his lieutenant, Muhammad Ali. The dynasty that he established would rule Egypt and Sudan until the Egyptian Revolution of 1952.
In Arabia, the domination of Mecca and Medina by puritanical Wahhabi Muslims was a serious embarrassment to the Ottoman sultan, who was the titular overlord of the Arabian territory of the Hejaz and the leading Muslim sovereign. At the invitation of Sultan Mahmud II (1808-39), Muhammad Ali sent an expedition to Arabia that between 1811 and 1813 expelled the Wahhabis from the Hejaz. In a further campaign (1816-18), Ibrahim Pasha, the viceroy's eldest son, defeated the Wahhabis in their homeland of Najd, and brought central Arabia under Albanian control.
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(The following is to be taken with a "Grain of Salt").
The founder of Saudi Arabia, King 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn 'Abd al-Rahman Al Sa'ud, changed the history of the Arabian Peninsula with a unifying religious faith, deft, inclusive politics, and a courageous and inspiring personality. Reestablishing his family's rule, he laid the cornerstone of a modern nation. 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn 'Abd al-Rahman Al Sa'ud was in the sixth generation in direct descent from Sa'ud ibn Muhammad ibn Muqrin, who died in 1725 and from whom the Al Sa'ud and Saudi Arabia take their names.
The founder of the modern state of Saudi Arabia not only recovered the territory of the first Al Saud empire, but made a state out of it. Abd al Aziz did this by maneuvering among a number of forces. The first was the religious fervor that Wahhabi Islam continued to inspire. His Wahhabi army, the Ikhwan, for instance, represented a powerful tool, but one that proved so difficult to control that the ruler ultimately had to destroy it. At the same time, Abd al Aziz had to anticipate the manner in which events in Arabia would be viewed abroad and allow foreign powers, particularly the British, to have their way.
Abd al Aziz restored the family from virtual political extinction by reintroducing the crusading zeal of Wahhabi Islam. Abd al Aziz established the Saudi state in three stages, namely, by retaking Najd in 1905, defeating the Shammar clan at Hail in 1921, and conquering the Hijaz in 1924.
At the time of 'Abd al-'Aziz's birth in 1880 or thereabouts, central Arabia had fallen into political fragmentation, and the Al Sa'ud in Riyadh were engaged in a power struggle with the rulers of the city of Hayil, the al-Rashids. This conflict led 'Abd al-' Aziz's father, 'Abd al-Rahman, to evacuate his family from Riyadh in 1891.
Among Abdulrahman's followers into exile was his teenage son named Abdulaziz, a tall young man who was already distinguishing himself as a fierce warrior for Islam and a natural leader of men. Unable to contain his boundless energy in the confines of Kuwait City, he sought permission from his father to embark on what seemed like a suicidal mission: to head out leading a small force of men in an attempt to retake Riyadh.
In 1893, the Al Sa'ud were invited to Kuwait by its ruler, Shaykh Muhammad Al-Sabah. By now 'Abd al-'Aziz was a young man, conspicuously tall and strong, and he soon became great friends with Shaykh Muhammad's half-brother, Mubarak. After Mubarak seized power from his brother, 'Abd al-'Aziz was invited to attend the daily majlis, or royal audience, at which petitions were presented and grievances heard.
The seizure of Najd by the al-Rashids was a perpetual source of pain to him and his father, to whom he was very close. Najd had been central to the first and second Saudi states, and its loss engendered a deep sense of resolve in 'Abd al-'Aziz to act to recover his patrimony, to restore the Al Sa'ud to the leadership of central Arabia.
In the first phase, Abd al Aziz acted as tribal leaders had acted for centuries. Twenty-one-year-old Abdul Aziz Bin Abdul Rahman Al-Saud left Kuwait in 1901, determined to recapture all of the territory once held by his forefathers and to extend his protection over the holy cities of Makkah and Madinah. In early 1901, 'Abd al-'Aziz joined a raid led by Shaykh Mubarak from Kuwait into the Rashids' territory and took advantage of it to attempt to seize Riyadh. He besieged its fortress and held the city for three months before withdrawing. After that, he immediately began planning for a new offensive.
Taking advantage of the fact that most of the Rashid forces were deployed in a counterattack against Kuwait, he undertook the daring raid in early 1902. In the beginning he was accompanied by 40 men, including members of his family. At the eve of the 5th of Shawwal the number of men accompanying King 'Abd al-'Aziz had increased to 63. Traveling at night and away from the main caravan routes to avoid detection, he reached the city, which was garrisoned by a large hostile force, and recaptured it in 1902 with only 40 men.
Welcomed as a returning leader, he later that day led Riyadh's inhabitants in prayer. Aware of the importance of keeping his grip on Riyadh, he immediately began repairs to the city walls. He also set about gaining the allegiance of the local populace and forged alliances with local tribes to undermine the Rashids' political power base. One of his first tasks was to establish himself in Riyadh as the Al Saud leader and the Wahhabi imam. Abd al Aziz obtained the support of the religious establishment in Riyadh, and this relatively swift recognition revealed the political force of Wahhabi authority. Leadership in this tradition did not necessarily follow age, but it respected lineage and, particularly, action. Despite his relative youth, by taking Riyadh Abd al Aziz had showed he possessed the qualities the tribes valued in a leader.
With Saudi rule firmly reestablished in their ancient capital, Abdulaziz began what turned out to be a 30-year struggle to reunite the tribes and city dwellers into what became the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Ibn Sa'ud was anti-Turkish, but also anti-British, anti-Sherifian, anti-Shammar and leader of the puritanical Wahhabi sect (who rejected all luxury and the worship of saints, including Mohammed). However, he was also anxious to be on the winning side.
By 1905 the Ottoman governor in Iraq recognized Abd al Aziz as an Ottoman client in Najd. The Al Saud ruler accepted Ottoman suzerainty because it improved his political position. Nevertheless he made concurrent overtures to the British to rid Arabia of Ottoman influence.
Ibn Rashid of the Shammar saw an alliance with the Turks as the best way to remain independent from the Sherif and from Ibn Sa'ud of Riyadh. Open conflict between Al Sa'ud and the al-Rashids ended with the death in battle of Ibn Rashid in 1906, and the al-Rashids withdrew to their power base in Hayil, in northwestern Arabia. Often, 'Abd al-'Aziz took wives from the ranks of those he had defeated. Such actions were primarily political, part of 'Abd al-'Aziz's overall strategy of inclusion rather than division. This even extended to the al-Rashids, who continued to skirmish with 'Abd al-'Aziz through the early 1920's. Ever mindful of the need to keep an eye on one's potential foes, 'Abd al-'Aziz later welcomed the surviving members of the al-Rashids into his court, where they remained and were treated well, as befitted their noble status.
'Abd al-'Aziz then turned his attention to other centers of opposition, and over the next few years, he personally led his men to victory on many occasions.
Following the Young Turk coup of 1908, the Ottomans abandoned their pluralistic and pan-Islamic policies, instead pursuing a policy of secular Turkish nationalism. The formerly cosmopolitan and tolerant Ottoman Empire began overtly discriminating against its non-Turkish inhabitants. Arabs in particular were faced with political, cultural and linguistic persecution. During this time, Arab nationalist groups in Syria, Iraq and Arabia began to rally. When the Ottomans entered World War I on the side of the Central Powers in 1914, they arrested many Arab nationalist figures in Damascus and Beirut. Arabs were further threatened by the construction of the Hijaz Railway, connecting Damascus and Mecca, which promised to facilitate the mobility of Turkish troops into the Arab heartland.
Desperate to court him once war with the Turks became a reality in 1914, the British Government engaged in a long-term strategic relationship that benefited both sides: British support aided the Saudis in their efforts to reunify the country, which meant driving the Turks from the region, and the rising Arabian polity that resulted meant that Britain could look upon a friendly government in a part of the world that the British regarded as essential to the defense of the centerpiece of their empire -India.
In 1913 'Abd al-'Aziz marched dramatically onto the international stage, seizing first the Turkish garrison at Hofuf and then the coastal towns of al-'Uqayr and Qatif, thus winning control of the Gulf coast. With this campaign, he brought into the Saudi remit an area that was, by virtue of its oil reserves, to provide unparalleled wealth for his nation in later years.
About this time, the Ikhwan movement began to emerge among the beduin. The Ikhwan movement spread Wahhabi Islam among the nomads. Stressing the same strict adherence to religious law that Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab had preached, Ikhwan beduin abandoned their traditional way of life in the desert and move to an agricultural settlement called a hijra. The word hijra was related to the term for the Prophet's emigration from Mecca to Medina in 622, conveying the sense that one who settles in a hijra moves from a place of unbelief to a place of belief. By moving to the hijra the Ikhwan intended to take up a new way of life and dedicate themselves to enforcing a rigid Islamic orthodoxy. Once in the hijra the Ikhwan became extremely militant in enforcing upon themselves what they believed to be correct sunna (custom) of the Prophet, enjoining public prayer, mosque attendance, and gender segregation and condemning music, smoking, alcohol, and technology unknown at the time of the Prophet. They attacked those who refused to conform to Wahhabi interpretations of correct Islamic practice and tried to convert Muslims by force to their version of Wahhabism. The Ikhwan looked eagerly for the opportunity to fight nonWahhabi Muslims--and non-Muslims as well--and they took Abd al Aziz as their leader in this. By 1915 there were more than 200 hujar in and around Najd and nearly 100,000 Ikhwan waiting for a chance to fight.
Relying on the Ottomans to maintain stability in the Middle East before the war, Britain had earlier disdained a pact with Abd al Aziz, but after Britain's declaration of war against the Ottoman Empire in October 1914, the British sought an alliance with the House of Saud. By a treaty signed in December 1914, the British recognized Saudi independence from the Ottoman Empire and provided Abd al Aziz with financial subsidies and small arms. As his part of the agreement, Abd al Aziz promised to keep 4,000 men in the field against the House of Rashid, which was associated with the Ottomans.
In 1915 Abd al Aziz had various goals: he wanted to take Hail from the Al Rashid, to extend his control into the northern deserts in present-day Syria and Jordan, and to take over the Hijaz and the Persian Gulf coast. The British, however, had become more and more involved in Arabia because of World War I, and Abd al Aziz had to adjust his ambitions to British interests. The British prevented the Al Saud from taking over much of the gulf coast where they had established protectorates with several ruling dynasties. They also opposed Abd al Aziz's efforts to extend his influence beyond the Jordanian, Syrian, and Iraqi deserts because of their own imperial interests.
To the west, the British were allied with the Sharif family who ruled the Hijaz from their base in Mecca. The British encouraged the Sharif family to revolt against the Ottomans and so open a second front against them in World War I. Seeing an opportunity to liberate Arab lands from Turkish oppression, and trusting the honor of British officials who promised their support for a unified kingdom for the Arab lands, Sharif Hussein bin Ali, Emir of Mecca and King of the Arabs (and great grandfather of King Hussein), launched the Great Arab Revolt during the Great War. In 1916, the then Grand Hussein ibn Ali, proclaimed the independence Sharif of the Arabs. Although he initially assumed the leadership of all the Arabs, the lack of allied recognition and opposition from Imam Yahya of Yemen and ibn Saud of Najd, resulted in his recognition as King of Hijaz alone.
In this situation, Abd al Aziz had no choice but to focus his attentions on Hail. Bolstered by Ikhwan forces, Saudi control was extended to the outskirts of Hail, the Rashidi capital, by 1917. This caused problems with the Ikhwan because, unlike Mecca and Medina, Hail had no religious significance and the Wahhabis had no particular quarrel with the Rashidi clan who controlled it.
The Sharif family in Mecca, however, was another story. The Wahhabis had long borne a grudge against the Sharif because of their traditional opposition to Wahhabism. The ruler, Hussein, had made the situation worse by forbidding the Ikhwan to make the pilgrimage and then seeking non-Muslim, British help against the Muslim Ottomans.
When the Ottoman sultan, who had held the title of caliph, was deposed at the end of World War I, the Sharif took the title for himself. He had hoped that the new honor would gain him greater Muslim support, but the opposite happened. Many Muslims were offended that Hussein should handle Muslim tradition in such cavalier fashion and began to object strongly to his rule. To make matters worse for Hussein, the British were no longer willing to prop him up after the war. Abd al Aziz's efforts to control the Ikhwan in Transjordan as well as his accommodation of British interests in the gulf had proved to them he could act responsibly.
After the conclusion of the war, the victors reneged on their promises to the Arabs, carving from the dismembered Ottoman lands a patchwork system of mandates and protectorates. Armed conflict with the Saudis continued after the conclusion of the Great War, eventually forcing Hussein to give up his throne in favour of his eldest son, Ali. King Ali's younger brothers, Abdullah and Faisal, had become Amir of Transjordan (later King of Jordan) and King of Iraq, respectively. While the colonial powers denied the Arabs their promised single unified Arab state, it is nevertheless testimony to the effectiveness of the Great Arab Revolt that the Hashemite family was able to secure Arab rule over Transjordan, Iraq and Arabia.
Turkey's defeat in World War I left a political vacuum that 'Abd al-'Aziz had been readying himself to fill for some time. In 1919 the Ikhwan completely destroyed an army that Hussein had sent against them near the town of Turabah, which lay on the border between the Hijaz and Najd. The Ikhwan so completely decimated the Sharif's troops that there were no forces left to defend the Hijaz, and the entire area cowered under the threat of a Wahhabi attack. By 1920 he had assumed control over 'Asir in the southwest and over the al-Rashid stronghold of Hayil in the north. He was then able to turn his attention to the Hijaz, in which were located the holy cities of Makkah and Madinah and the major port of Jiddah. Abd al Aziz restrained the Ikhwan and managed to direct them toward Hail, which they took easily in 1921. The Ikhwan went beyond Hail, however, and pushed into central Transjordan where they challenged Hussein's son, Abd Allah, whose rule the British were trying to establish after the war. At this point, Abd al Aziz again had to rein in his troops to avoid further problems with the British. The British-brokered 1922 Treaty of Uqair, which defined the boundaries of Iraq and Kuwait, was aimed primarily at containing Saudi expansion into territories ruled by Britain's protegés, a fact that is now often forgotten.
By 1924, when the Ikhwan had conquered the Hijaz, almost all the territory of the present-day Saudi state was under Abd al Aziz's authority. The Al Saud conquest of the Hijaz had been possible since the battle at Turabah in 1919. Abd al Aziz had been waiting for the right moment and in 1924, he found it. The British did not encourage him to move into Mecca and Medina, but they also gave no indication that they would oppose him. So the Wahhabi armies took over the area with little opposition. The Hashemites suffered a major blow when King Ali bin al-Hussein, the eldest brother of Abdullah and Faisal, lost the throne of the Kingdom of the Hijaz to Abdel Aziz bin Saud of Najd. Ali ibn Hussein, King of the Hijaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca, had experienced no success against ibn Saud and was himself forced to evacuate Mecca and Medina on 19 December 1925, so as to avoid bloodshed and profanation of the Holy cities. The loss, which was brought about by a partnership between Ibn Saud and followers of the Wahhabi movement, led to the establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and brought to an end over one thousand years of Hashemite rule in Mecca.
When he became the ruler of Mecca and Medina as well, Abd al Aziz took on the responsibilities of Khadim al Haramayn (servant of the two shrines) and so assumed an important position in the wider Muslim world. Finally, by maintaining his authority under pressure from the Western powers, Abd al Aziz had become the only truly independent Arab leader after World War I. Thus, he had a role to play in Arab politics as well.
Abd al Aziz was careful not to make more enemies than necessary--and he tried to make those enemies he had into friends. One can see this clearly in his handling of his two rivals from World War I, the Rashidi of Hail and the Sharif of Mecca. After conquering Hail, Abd al Aziz reestablished the marriage links that his ancestor, Turki, had first forged between the two families by marrying three of the Rashidi widows into his family. He made a similar effort to gain the favor of the Hashimites after taking the Hijaz. Rather than expelling the family as a future threat, Abd al Aziz gave some of its members large tracts of land, enabling them to stay in the area and prosper.
On September 23, 1932, Abdel Aziz bin Saud proclaimed this territory the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and himself its king.
Abd al Aziz assured himself the continued loyalty of those who had been allied with him by granting them what favors he could. This was difficult, however, because the new Saudi kingdom had little money in its first twenty years. The event that was to change all this was the discovery of massive oil reserves in the kingdom.
Looking for a foreign company to help develop the Kingdom's oil reserves, King Abdulaziz chose not one of the many British firms that were already working in the region - in Iran, Iraq and Bahrain - but an American company, a choice made over the objections of Britain, then the dominant global power. The granting of the oil concession on July 7, 1933, to Standard Oil of California, which would evolve into the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco), was followed in November of the same year by the establishment of diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and the United States.
In February 1945, King Abdulaziz met separately with US President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill along the Suez Canal. The main topic of conversation was the future of the Middle East in the post-war era. The meeting between King Abdulaziz and President Franklin D. Roosevelt on Febuary 14, 1945 set the stage for close Saudi-U.S. relations. While Ibn Saud was angered by the United States' acceptance of the 1947 UN partition plan for Palestine, he overruled Prince Faisal's call for breaking diplomatic relations with America.
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The origins of Saudi Aramco lie in the oil shortages of World War I and the exclusion of American companies from Mesopotamia by the San Remo Petroleum Agreement of 1920. The US Republican administration had popular support for an ‘Open Door’ policy, which Herbert Hoover, secretary of commerce, initiated in 1921. Standard Oil of California (SoCal) was among those US companies actively seeking new sources of oil from abroad.
SoCal through its subsidiary company, the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO), struck oil on Bahrain in May 1932. This event heightened interest in the oil prospects of the Arabian mainland. On 29 May 1933, the Saudi Arabian government granted a concession to SoCal in preference to a rival bid from the Iraq Petroleum Company. The concession allowed Socal to explore for oil in Saudi Arabia. SoCal assigned this concession to a wholly owned subsidiary called California-Arabian Standard Oil Co. (CASOC). In 1936, with the company having had no success at locating oil, the Texas Oil Company (Texaco) purchased a 50% stake of the concession.
After four years of fruitless exploration, the first success came with the seventh drill site in Dammam, a few miles north of Dhahran in 1938, a well referred to as Dammam No. 7. This well immediately produced over 1,500 barrels per day (240 m3/d), giving the company confidence to continue. On 31 January 1944, the company name was changed from California-Arabian Standard Oil Company to Arabian American Oil Company (or Aramco). In 1948, Socal and Texaco were joined as investors by Standard Oil of New Jersey (Esso) which purchased 30% of the company, and Socony Vacuum (later Mobil) which purchased 10% of the company, leaving Socal and Texaco with 30% each. The newcomers were also shareholders in the Iraq Petroleum Company and had to get the restrictions of the Red Line Agreement lifted in order to be free to enter into this arrangement.
In 1950, King Abdulaziz threatened to nationalize his country's oil facilities, thus pressuring Aramco to agree to share profits 50/50.[17] A similar process had taken place with American oil companies in Venezuela a few years earlier. The American government granted US Aramco member companies a tax break known as the golden gimmick equivalent to the profits given to King Abdulaziz. In the wake of the new arrangement, the company's headquarters were moved from New York to Dhahran.
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Saudi Arabia's population as of the April 2010 Census was 27,136,977: 18,707,576 Saudi nationals (Nationalized not native born) and 8,429,401 non-nationals. Until the 1960s, most of the population was nomadic or seminomadic; due to rapid economic and urban growth, more than 95% of the population now is settled (Most of the "Real" Arabs - Blacks - are still in the rural areas). Some cities and oases have densities of more than 1,000 people per square kilometer (2,600/mile²). Saudi Arabia's population is characterized by rapid growth and a large cohort of youths.
Who got the Oil Money?
The Royal family numbers about 2,000 with a total wealth of perhaps 1-1.5 trillion.
Here is the top 5 on the Saudi List - these are guesses. (And yes, the Bin Laden family listed is that Bin Laden family).
1–Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud, $16 billion. Prince Alwaleed, a frequent interviewee on CNBC, is the highest-profile businessman in the Middle East and owns chunks of Citigroup, Apple and News Corp., which publishes this Web site. The publication says his net worth used to be $28 billion, but even after losing $12 billion, he still tops the Saudi list.
Of course, that $16 billion compares with Forbes’ $13.3 billion estimate of March. The Prince is clearly on a PR offensive to prove his worth after the Citigroup losses: He invited Forbes to spend a week with him earlier in the year to demonstrate that his wealth was higher and he gave “unprecedented” access to Saudi Business.
2–Mohammad Hussein Al Amoudi, $8.8 billion. Born in Ethiopia to a Yemeni father, Mohammad Al Amoudi was raised in Saudi Arabia and is one of the largest foreign investors in Sweden and North Africa. He is in oil, mining, agriculture, hotels, hospitals, finance and real estate, mostly through his operating companies Corral Group and Midroc Group. He also bankrolls the national soccer team in Ethiopia.
3–Sheikh Mohamed Bin Isa Al Jaber, $8.5 billion. Mohamed Al Jaber’s MBI International owns real-estate, oil and food companies throughout the world. It includes Jadawel International, JJW Hotels & Resorts, and the AJWA Group, one of the largest food companies in the Middle East. It also includes Continentoil, and oilfield services and management company with offices in the U.S. and U.K.
4–Nasser Al Rashid, $8 billion. Perhaps best known for his megayacht, the 344-foot Lady Moura, which, before the Russians came along, was something to brag about. Not much else seems to be known about him, other than that he is an adviser to the Saudi royal family.
5–The Bin Laden Family, $7 billion. The Saudi Bin Laden Group towers over the Middle East construction business through its Saudi Bin Laden Group. Its Dubai arm is building two new cities in Djibouti and Yemen, along with a bridge to connect them. The company has also started forging ties to China. The company’s founder, Mohammed Bin Laden, left 54 sons and daughters from several marriages. Thirteen of his sons sit on the board of the family’s business—the most prominent being Baker, Hassan, Islam and Yehya. Baker, Mohammed’s second son, is now head of the company.
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Illustration showing Mohammed (on the right) preaching his final sermon to his earliest converts, on Mount Ararat near Mecca; astronomical treatise The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries by the Persian scholar al-Biruni; Manuscrits Arabe 1489
Mohammed solves a dispute over lifting the black stone into position at the Kaaba 1307 AD Miniature illustration on vellum from the book Jami' al-Tawarikh (literally "Compendium of Chronicles" but often referred to as The Universal History or History of the World), by Rashid al-Din, published in Tabriz, Persia,
Mohammed (riding the horse) receiving the submission of the Banu Nadir, a Jewish tribe he defeated at Medina. From the Jami'al-Tawarikh, dated 1314-5.
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quote:Originally posted by Mike111: What is a true "Arab"?
HidayaAkade - What a pity that you have such an aversion to research.
Oldest known life-like Arab artifact.
Wow I didn't know that was the most ancient Arabian life-like artifact. Interesting. I also wonder about the Mada'in Saleh carvings that look like Somali heads or faces. Wondering how old they are.
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Some things - like raisin heads - never change. So be satisfied with the result. Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: Illustration showing Mohammed (on the right) preaching his final sermon to his earliest converts, on Mount Ararat near Mecca; astronomical treatise The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries by the Persian scholar al-Biruni; Manuscrits Arabe 1489
Moses leading the children of Israel out of Egyptian captivity.
Mohammed solves a dispute over lifting the black stone into position at the Kaaba 1307 AD Miniature illustration on vellum from the book Jami' al-Tawarikh (literally "Compendium of Chronicles" but often referred to as The Universal History or History of the World), by Rashid al-Din, published in Tabriz, Persia,
Jesus walking on water
Mohammed (riding the horse) receiving the submission of the Banu Nadir, a Jewish tribe he defeated at Medina. From the Jami'al-Tawarikh, dated 1314-5.
Mary and Jesus.
Do you see a trend here lioness?
Arabs are Black, yet in the artwork they are depicted as Albinos.
Hebrews are Black, yet in the artwork they are depicted as Albinos.
He,he,he:
Mightn't one believe that the artwork was done by Albinos?
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: Illustration showing Mohammed (on the right) preaching his final sermon to his earliest converts, on Mount Ararat near Mecca; astronomical treatise The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries by the Persian scholar al-Biruni; Manuscrits Arabe 1489
Mohammed solves a dispute over lifting the black stone into position at the Kaaba 1307 AD Miniature illustration on vellum from the book Jami' al-Tawarikh (literally "Compendium of Chronicles" but often referred to as The Universal History or History of the World), by Rashid al-Din, published in Tabriz, Persia,
Mohammed (riding the horse) receiving the submission of the Banu Nadir, a Jewish tribe he defeated at Medina. From the Jami'al-Tawarikh, dated 1314-5.
Any group of people can make themselves into the Prophets people if they want to but of course we all know that Central Asians that these paintings were not Arabs. Central Asians are central Asians. Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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quote:Originally posted by HidayaAkade: I have to explain this to some folks.
I prefer to use different terminology since anyone that speaks Arabic can be considered an Arab today. If you want to see some the nearly extinct original Arabs who conquered the Syrian, African and Central Asian peoples that Mike and LYIN_SS have posted on this site please visit the link below.
TRUE Shammar Arabs of the Tayyi branch of Qahtan in ARABIA. These original Arabs are protected from the hot sun of the deserts only by their blackish complexions like their ARAB ancestors. The ancestral Saracens wore their hair in braids and dreadlocks and wore skirts to the waist in their fights against the Assyrians. According to Burvkhardt very few fair-skinned Arabs were seen in the desert in his time. But times have obviously changed.
All early Arab tribes were described as near black to extremely black. As with the Berbers and Amazigh there were originally NO EXCEPTIONS!
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Not sure what people like you aren't getting. Of course Sabaeans and other "Ethiopians" absorbed some levant traders in the 1st and 2nd century BC WHICH IS A VERY LATE ERA in Sabaean history!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! NO CIVILIZATION WAS HOMOGENEOUS! AND THAT'S NOT THE POINT. As fate would have it Black is Black and the Sabeans WERE the Ethiopians of the ancient world. Which is why the Qahtan qadi said "a fair skinned Arab" is "inconceivable" and one of tthe 7RARE WONDERS of the world and why Ibn Mandour said lank hair is the hair of a non-Arab while kinky hair is what ARABS have.
Ethiopian or Eritraean woman
Typical high foreheaded early Sabaean princess ancestral to Tigrinya and many other Abyssinian populations.
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Beautiful woman,African non Caucasian but I guess that must be what albinos think of her in the Alaster figurine as their own.
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The hippie Jesus rears its ugly head again. Why are present day, Arabs so ugly looking and fat. It must be, laziness on their part since they have servitude do their jobs for them. Fat arses.
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posted
Looks like you can only repost pictures of mixed arabs, Lyin_ss. Lank hair as we remember according to Arabs is a trait of non Arabs and most of the people you post regardless of how dark they are are mixed people. Really gets boring after a while although they are purer Arabs then the folks you normally post.
Except for the Yafi here which you lightened up and the second girl from the Shahra or Kathir tribe, most of these look photos only half African and thus are biologically only half Arab. At least the ones I post look at least 3/4s or more Arab.
[/URL] Arabs of Hudeidah(Biblical Heth or Hittite) in Yemen
Sorry but the original Arabs belonged to the Sudanic world and as Ibn Mandour said in Lisaan al Arab had "kinky" hair not lank hair "of the slaves" and "true Arabs" still do. Not lank hair "like the slaves" of the Arabians in the early Islamic period.
Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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posted
Sorry, but the original Arabs and Ethiopians i.e. black or east Africans were the same people before the former began mixing with Syrian concubines like the Syrian Shammar concubines in the Saudi ruling family [/URL]
Saudi Prince Sa'ad ibn Abdul Rahman (looks so much like my granddad god bless his soul) obviously this prince is purer Arab than some of his brothers.
The leader singer of this group of singers from Ethiopia looks exactly like this Saudi prince above.
Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: Medieval Arab genealogists divided Arabs into three groups:
1) "Ancient Arabs", tribes that had vanished or been destroyed, such as ʿĀd and Thamud, often mentioned in the Qur'an as examples of God's power to destroy those who did not believe and follow their prophets and messengers.
All contemporary Arabs were considered as descended from the later two, groups with the ancestors, Qahtan and Adnan.
2) Qahtan "Pure Arabs" of South Arabia, descending from Qahtan. The Qahtanites (Qahtanis) are said to have migrated from the land of Yemen following the destruction of the Ma'rib Dam (sadd Ma'rib). Semitic peoples either originating in, or claiming genealogical descent from the southern extent of the Arabian Peninsula, especially from Yemen
3) Adnanite The "Arabized Arabs" (musta`ribah) of center and North Arabia, descending from Ishmael the elder son of Abraham. The Book of Genesis narrates that God promised Hagar to beget from Ishmael twelve princes and turn him to a great nation.(Genesis 17:20) The Book of Jubilees, in the other hand, claims that the sons of Ishmael intermingled with the 6 sons of Keturah, from Abraham, and their descendants were called Arabs and Ishmaelites.Adnan (Arabic: عدنان) is the traditional ancestor of the Adnanite Arabs of Northern, Western and Central-Western Arabia,According to tradition, Adnan is the father of a group of the Ishmaelite Arabs who inhabited West and Northern Arabia. Adnan is believed by Arab genealogies to be the father of many Ishmaelite tribes along the Western coast of Arabia, Northern Arabia and Iraq .According to Islamic tradition, the Islamic prophet Muhammad was descended from Adnan.
Source? We know the above didn't come right out your warped mind.
quote: there is no such thing as "true Arab", that's tribal competitive bullshit (unless Muhammad was not a true Arab (theortically possible))
'Arab' is like 'Hispanic'-- it is anyone who speaks Arabic as a native language and practice some form of Arabic culture. Of course a stricter sense would be anyone whose ethnicity derives from the major tribes of Arabia i.e. whose tribe and clan lineage matches up to your plagiarized explanation above. Not all Arabians are 'Arabs' since there are minority groups who are considered outcasts because their genealogy/pedigree is not derived from those of the above divisions.
quote:: TRUE ARAB dana, Mike and lioness approved
I guess you can add me to that list as well.
LOLPosts: 26238 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: Illustration showing Mohammed (on the right) preaching his final sermon to his earliest converts, on Mount Ararat near Mecca; astronomical treatise The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries by the Persian scholar al-Biruni; Manuscrits Arabe 1489
Mohammed solves a dispute over lifting the black stone into position at the Kaaba 1307 AD Miniature illustration on vellum from the book Jami' al-Tawarikh (literally "Compendium of Chronicles" but often referred to as The Universal History or History of the World), by Rashid al-Din, published in Tabriz, Persia,
Mohammed (riding the horse) receiving the submission of the Banu Nadir, a Jewish tribe he defeated at Medina. From the Jami'al-Tawarikh, dated 1314-5.
Again with the Turkicized artwork? The fair skin and slanted eyes as well as style of clothing are all give-away of the Turks. And I mean REAL Turks unlike Mike's white Anatolian fixation.
Posts: 26238 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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Sero is correct. There have been multiple waves of migration into Arabia that intermix with the aboriginal populations which were tropically adapted to begin with. Even as far south as the Yemen and Oman Western anthropologists have noted 'racial' types that are brachycephalic and fair-skinned which they claim originated from further north as just one example.
Posts: 26238 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: Looks like you can only repost pictures of mixed arabs, Lyin_ss. Lank hair as we remember according to Arabs is a trait of non Arabs and most of the people you post regardless of how dark they are are mixed people.
^^^ "Real Arabs" must have afros? Afrolunatic bullshit about hair
.
^^^ you posted this fool, from the same Bertram Thomas series, same hair type hypocrite
quote:Originally posted by dana marniche:
Except for the Yafi here which you lightened up
I didn't lighten anything you lying psuedo-scholar swine. I copied the photos directly as is from the link below posted by Mike
^^this may not even represent hair. It is not certain
quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: Looks like you can only repost pictures of mixed arabs, Lyin_ss. Lank hair as we remember according to Arabs is a trait of non Arabs and most of the people you post regardless of how dark they are are mixed people.
quiet you fraud
quote:Originally posted by Leo Minor:
quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: Looks like you can only repost pictures of mixed arabs, Lyin_ss. Lank hair as we remember according to Arabs is a trait of non Arabs and most of the people you post regardless of how dark they are are mixed people.
quote:Originally posted by dana marniche:
more hypocrisy
dana is a propagandist trying to make black Americans think their roots are in Mecca
Posts: 42919 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: Looks like you can only repost pictures of mixed arabs, Lyin_ss. Lank hair as we remember according to Arabs is a trait of non Arabs and most of the people you post regardless of how dark they are are mixed people.
^^^ "Real Arabs" must have afros? Afrolunatic bullshit about hair
Look who's talking?! Are you the one who claims "real (pure) Africans" must have kinky hair, and if their hair is loose or straight it must be due to admixture?! Posts: 26238 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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posted
Olmec were Africans mentality applied to Arabians to promote Islam to black Americans
Posts: 42919 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote: Previous studies of J1-M2672, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 have found it to occur at high frequencies among the Arabic-speaking populations of the Middle East, conventionally interpreted as reflecting the spread of Islam in the first millennium CE.
[...]
Although most post-Last Glacial Maximum recolonization events have a typically northward signature,30, 31 our J1e results provide an example of a southward spread during the early Holocene. Although J1e is one of the most frequent haplogroups in the region, haplogroup E-M123 also shows its highest frequency and haplotype diversity in regions of the Fertile Crescent, decreasing toward the Arabian Peninsula.
--Jacques Chiaroni, Toomas Kivisild et al.(2010) The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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posted
The Ubaid period (ca. 6500 to 3800 BC)is a prehistoric period of Mesopotamia. Ubaid artifacts spread also all along the Arabian littoral, showing the growth of a trading system that stretched from the Mediterranean coast through to Oman.
quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: Looks like you can only repost pictures of mixed arabs, Lyin_ss. Lank hair as we remember according to Arabs is a trait of non Arabs and most of the people you post regardless of how dark they are are mixed people.
^^^ "Real Arabs" must have afros? Afrolunatic bullshit about hair
.
^^^ you posted this fool, from the same Bertram Thomas series, same hair type hypocrite
quote:Originally posted by dana marniche:
Except for the Yafi here which you lightened up
I didn't lighten anything you lying psuedo-scholar swine. I copied the photos directly as is from the link below posted by Mike
^^this may not even represent hair. It is not certain
quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: Looks like you can only repost pictures of mixed arabs, Lyin_ss. Lank hair as we remember according to Arabs is a trait of non Arabs and most of the people you post regardless of how dark they are are mixed people.
quiet you fraud
quote:Originally posted by Leo Minor:
quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: Looks like you can only repost pictures of mixed arabs, Lyin_ss. Lank hair as we remember according to Arabs is a trait of non Arabs and most of the people you post regardless of how dark they are are mixed people.
quote:Originally posted by dana marniche:
more hypocrisy
dana is a propagandist trying to make black Americans think their roots are in Mecca
Nice trolling LYIN_SS yourlyin_ssassinity is getting worse and worse. Why lie and say I said Arabs must have Afros. Why are you angry that the 14th century linguistic scholar said most Arabs have kinky hair while lank hair is the hair of the slaves.
That is not my fault and nor should it be the bain of your existence.lol! Don't shoot the messenger.
And I'm glad you posted that the man on the book was not an Arabian because Arabians but more like the darker Sahelians, Mande, Nubians and peoples of the horn. Thankfully we can agree on something!
Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: [QUOTE]Originally posted by dana marniche:
[QUOTE]Originally posted by dana marniche: Looks like you can only repost pictures of mixed arabs, Lyin_ss. Lank hair as we remember according to Arabs is a trait of non Arabs and most of the people you post regardless of how dark they are are mixed people.
dana is a propagandist trying to make black Americans think their roots are in Mecca
Sorry but Persian and Syrian looking people with lank hair do not an ancient Arab make. And thankfully we know from the Syrians themselves that such people were considered to descendants of slaves of the Arabs.
One day you will be able to acknowledge those statements were made by the Syrians themselves. They same people who stated Canaanites were also black.
BTW - Meccans roots were in Africa not vice versa silly.
Love seeing the beauteous Sabean/Tigrinya faces of Ethiopia (ancient Arabia and the horn). Don't you?
Please tone down your hostility while making your points as your trolling might be affected deleteriously. Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,:^ "Real Arabs" must have afros? Afrolunatic bullshit about hair
quote:Originally posted by dana marniche: Looks like you can only repost pictures of mixed arabs, Lyin_ss. Lank hair as we remember according to Arabs is a trait of non Arabs and most of the people you post regardless of how dark they are are mixed people.
You can try to pretend this Assyrian Bas relief portrays an Arab if you wish to put all true Arabs basically look alike - i.e. different from Iranians and Syrians. Just read the Syrian authors they will let you know.
The Syrian look in style in modern saudi Arabia among royals and the upper class was once considered a sign of slave origins. PERIOD! Sorry if that hurts.
. The Syrian look in style in modern saudi Arabia. was once considered a sign of slave origins. PERIOD! Sorry if that hurts.
Same hair type as what my silly one. Is Bertram Thomas not allowed to post the pure Tayyi Shammar as opposed to the Syrian ones in Arabia that youy always post. What is your problem. lol!
Yes as we can see LYIN _SS, Arabs and Syrians don't look or dress alike or come from like places. One is near black and kinky haired even when it is long and one is light bright yes darn near white and lank or straightish haired like the Syrians and Persians they mainly come from. Sorry for your loss.
And I can guarantee you these Shammar and Yafi in these photos like the other true Qahatan or Arabs like the true Adnani Arabs "tribes of Ishmael" in Iraq all have the same kinky hair. Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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posted
Tabari said the Kinda Arabs of Sacsac and Sakun were strange looking because although they were black like the Arabs they had straightish hair. That is in Wesley's Black Arabia. Too bad we don't read Arabic, right?
-------------------- D. Reynolds-Marniche Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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^^^ dana's source the website "Save the True Arabs"
and who is the "true Arab" prototype here in the picture ?
Ali bin Hamud (1884 -1918) the eighth Sultan of Zanzibar
I'm glad you mention this man is not purely Arab bravo Lyin_ss. So what does that have to do with me.
Actually whatever source I get from Tariq would have come from his book, but I certainly wouldn't need itt to refute the kind of silliness and trolling commentary you post.
Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: The Ubaid period (ca. 6500 to 3800 BC)is a prehistoric period of Mesopotamia. Ubaid artifacts spread also all along the Arabian littoral, showing the growth of a trading system that stretched from the Mediterranean coast through to Oman.
Yes, and the large bodied, highly prognathic, dolichocephalic Negroids that made that civilization undoubtedly made there way down to the southern Arabian litoral as well. Thanks for mentioning these Africoids once again, LYIN_SS. They were quite an interesting group of blacks.
Posts: 4226 | From: New Jersey, USA | Registered: Mar 2007
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