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I am a researcher of true African history.I will love to share with you some of the findings i have about ancient egypt(kemet).I specialise in population genetics,linguistics,craniology,archeology,egyptology and biblical history. Basically there were three dorminant populations in ancient Kemet based on linguistics&archeology;
A)PROTO-YORUBA{descendants of ancient Badarians/Twa pygmies/Mizraim (hebrew),misiri(nilotic&bantu),misr (arabic),musuri(persian)}. These in dynastic period were called RETH/RETEHU.Their main deity was BES and all egyptian water deities.modern yoruba water deities are all egyptian.In egypt, proto-yoruba was mainly written in HIERATIC.Their capital was Memphis.In egypt's caste systems,this group produced the least number of egyptian pharaohs,but the bulk of the priestly caste,blacksmiths,craftsmen,administraters came from this group.
B)PROTO-KALENJIN{descendants of ancient Naqadans}. These in dynastic period were called rm/RHEM/rmT/REMETCH(mdw-neter) or RAAMAH(hebrew),they were responsible for unification of upper and lower egypt,which occured during the reign of proto-kalenjin pharaoh Menes.Their main deity was ASIIS(isis).In egypt proto-kalenjin was written in HEIROGLYPHIC.Their capital was mainly THEBES(waset) &NEKHEN.This group made up the bulk of millitary caste,some married into the priestly upper caste,changed the name of pygmy deity BES to PTAH(proto-kalenjin god of beginning).The blood of martriachy uniting lower&upper egypt came from these group,so most ancient egyptian 'Queen mothers' came from these group,and many pharaohs(11th dynasty to 16thdynasty). All the Wasetian pharaohs were Proto-kalenjin except those hyksos kings that ruled from waset,refused to marry into the egyptian martriachy order MAAT,thats why hyksos were forced out of egypt by Amasis,they didn't assimilate,except ta-meru,ta-seti and ta-netjer.the rest were forced out, triggering first bantu migration to kush and west africa.
C)PROTO-BANTU(heqa kasewet/hyksos) Those that assimilated into egyptian martriachal order MAAT include Ta-meru(she of ameru),Ta-seti(she-of seti).Their capital was mostly ASWAN/SYENE/SWENET & AMARNA (Akhetaten). Their main deities (i)SETH for hyksos & Ta-seti, (ii)Apep &Horus for Ta-meru,these groups produced most of egyptian pharaohs.Proto-bantus were joined into the caste of cultivaters/agriculturalist.This was considered a higher caste than that of cattle keepers but lower than that millitary caste. 1).Pharaoh 2)priests&royal family 3)millitary 4)scribes 5)cultivaters/Farmers 6)cattle keepers 7)blacksmiths 8)hired servants 9)slaves.
Proto-bantu was mostly written in DEMOTIC,which later evolved into MEROITIC. Coptic derived mostly from heiro-glyphic & greek.
LIBYAN TRIBES; 1)TA-DJENU or TA-HENU=she-of Henu/Djenu.These tribes today are Lebou/Libu,Wolof,fulani,woodabe. 2)TA-MAHU=She-of MAHU.These today are mostly TA-MAZIGT or todays Tuareg berbers & some Marakesh berbers.The other berbers are mostly descendants of southern european slaves of moor berbers/tuareg. 3)MESHWESH=Dinka & Nuer tribes,also Shilluk.
FAMOUS KALENJIN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN PHARAOHS: The ancient egyptian Pharaohs,weren't all known by their real names.Most of them were called by their INITIATION NAMES.Here is some of the list of famous egyptian pharaohs whose names are Proto-Kalenjin in origin;
1)Pharaoh TUTANKHAMUN=TUTEN-KHA-AMUN/TUTEN-KA-AMUN/AMON. His name in kalenjin means 'little house of amun/amoni(chebo-namuni),or TATANEN-KHA-AMUN/TATANEN-KA-AMUN which means 'unshaken/firm house of amun/amoni'. 2)Pharaoh AKHENATEN=AKHEN-ATEN/AKEN-ATEN/ANGEEN-ATEN means 'i know/recognise Aten/Iten'. 3)Pharaoh AMENHOTEP the initial name of pharaoh Akhenaten before he changed it=AMENE-HOTEP/AMENE-KHOTEP/AMENE-KOTEP which in kalenjin is cursive meaning 'cursed forever'.I guess Akhenaten didn't like this name and so he changed it. 4)Pharaoh AMENEMHAT=AMENE-MAAT.His name in kalenjin is cursive meaning 'cursed seed/family lineage/martriachal order' or 'cursed fire'.On the other hand AMENEMHET in kalenjin means 'cursed place'. 5)Pharaoh KHASEKHEMWY=KHASE-KHEMWAI/KASE-KEMWAI, which in kalenjin means 'he hears what i tell him/he hears all i say/he overheard me'. 6)Pharaoh AMASIS=AM-ASIIS which in kalenjin means 'eat with asiis/eaten by asiis/eat asiis' or CHAM-ASIIS/CHAME-ASIIS which means 'loves asiis/loved by asiis'. 7)Pharaoh PSAMIS=PSAMIS/KIPSAMIS both in kalenjin means "Bad" Others;CHEPHREN=CHEBEREN,CHEOPS,PSAMT EK e t.c. Also let me add some of the Ancient egyptian queens with Proto-kalenjin names e.g Queen HATSHEPSUT=JEPSUT/CHEPSUT,Queen TIYE=TIE 'lady'. Before spread of christianity,the kalenjin were poly-theist just like ancient egyptians.
ANCIENT EGYPTIAN DEITIES SIMILAR TO KALENJIN DEITIES Ancient egyptian deities=Kalenjin deities 1)ISIS/AST(egyptian sun goddess) =ASIS/ASEETA/ASISTA(kalenjin sun goddess) 2)PTAH(god of beginning)=PTA (beginning),KIPTAIYAT(he from beginning,modern kalenjin name for God/Jesus). 3)APIS(egyptian calf deity)=APESO (kalenjin deity). 4)NTRR/NETER/NETERU=NETORORO in kalenjin means 'exalted one'(kalenjin god tororot,which is Tororo hills uganda).NETER also means 'variety' in kalenjin. 5)MAAT(egyptian goddess of justice/order of matriachy)=MAAT(fire,family lineage/order of martriachy). 6)AMUN/AMON=AMONI(chebo-amoni/chebo-namuni)kalenjin deity.AMUN=because,AMUNE=greetings 'how are you'. 7)RA(sun god/time)=RA(today/daytime/at sun rise) 8)AMUN-RA(unity of gods)=AMUN-RA (because today),AMUNE-RA(greetings 'how are you today'. 9)MUT=MUT(number 5,cut open). 10)DJET(sacred bird/deity)=DJET(white greyish bird of prey,either white eagle/hawk). 11)SETH/SET/SST/SESAT/SESHAT (egyptian dog deity)=SESET/SESEET(dog in kalenjin) 12)SOBEK(egyptian crocodile deity) =SOBEK (Alive/name of a place/god/people in ancient egypt),the kalenjin call people of the Kisii tribe KA-SOBEK which means 'house of sobek'.
KALENJIN-ANCIENT EGYPTIAN WORDS 1)WAPWAWET(place)-WAPWAWET (river bank plants with yellow flowers). 2)SATET(deity/calabash-shaped crown/gourd for drinking magic portion)-SOTET(kalenjin milk gourd) 3)SOBEKHOTEP(Sobek is satisfied)-SOBEK-KHOTEP(live forever/reign forever). 4)PAKHET(cat)-PAKHET(cat) 5)MRWT(sacred bird)-MEREWET(sacred bird) 6)MEDJAY/MEDJOI(warriors/soldiers)-MEDJET/MENJET/MENJO(dwelling place of warriors during initiation) 7)CHUMYOT(iron)-CHUMYOT(iron) e.t.c Also check out how ancient egyptians called other tribes and how the kalenjin also call other ethnicities; TA=Proto-kalenjin feminine prefix for denoting tribes.e.g TA-CHONI=she-left behind.DATOGA/TA-TTO-KHA=she-from Tto. Same principle could be used to identify ethnicities in ancient egypt;
1)TA-MAHU libyans(tuareg)=She-of Mahu(place/name of person) 2)TA-HENU/TA-DJENU libyans(fulani/woodabe)=She-of Henu/She-of Djenu. 3)TA-SETI nubians(kerma bantus ancestors of baswezi,shona,zulu)=She-of Seti/seth(egyptian dog deity) 4)TA-NETJER (Serer,wolof,yoruba,igbo,akan,ashanti) =She-from Niger(river niger) 5)TA-SHEMU(Jews)=She-of SHEM(son of noah) 6)TA-NEHISI(egyptianised nubians) =She-of NEHESU(nuba/karamajong). 7)TA-MERU(egyptianised Amorites) =she-of AMERU(Amorites,Ameru tribe of kenya)
KALENJIN-ENGLISH/GREEK WORDS. 1)Ta-parpariet(papyrus plant)=papyrus/paper 2)Motiriot(witness)=Martyr(witness) 3)Para-o(great/vast house,ruler/ leader)=pharaoh(english),Prr-o(egyptian) 3)Emet-ne para(great/vast kingdom)=Empire 4)Tamos(container)=Thermos(container) 5)Para-diso(vast land of plentiousness/vast land of pleasure)=Paradise
KALENJIN-GERMANIC WORDS. German language shares alot with Kalenjin though Kalenjin shares substantially with English and Greek.. 1.the word GERING means small amount in German NGERING in kale meaning the same. 2.MAL (from malen) means a form of decoration in both languages.. in German with paints in Kalenjin with mud/soil. 3.MÖCHTE German/ MÖCHE kale meaning in both would like... 4. NAHM( past tense of nehmen)German meaning take, NAHM/NEHMU Kale handle or take... the German word kühl is Kuul in Kalenjin meaning cool. However i have chanced upon hundreds of Kalenjin words in English/Greek language which Scots and Gypsy took to Europe in the BC when Pharoahs were ruling Europe. we see some of them: technology--------------from tech, architecture........... from Kalenjin woor- or o techkseet( ie great building), embassy-----------------Em-bassang-- foreign nations, embargo----------the act of gagging a nation-------Em bar-koot-- killing a nation, empire---------emeet para, Emirate----------emeet ratat-----meaning a united country. Chemistry.....either from Chemiss which was a location in Egypt or Khemet-Emeet(country) leadership-----------laitor. Politics-------------polotet. etc We also share the name for deity with our Congolese brothers. Congolese: "Nkolo Nzambe" (Lord God) Kalenjin "Chebo Nkolo" (supreme deity) .In his Book, Egypt:The light of the World,Gerald Massey writes that the ancient Egyptians once colonized the British Isles, Spain and all the countries in the Iberia penisular.The Ancient Egyptians were Africoid people of proto- Kalenjin origin who jumpstarted European civilization by virtue of having founded Greeks assited by the Goddess of the Nile-the Graikos. That EMEET, or KEMEET meaning country in Old Egyptian,Boharic and Sahidic and Kalenjin spawned many Eglish and Teutonic words in common use is no doubt! Emeet spawned terms like Embassy, empire, emporor, emirates and ambassador,embargo, among others. Empire means the vast country...Emeet-para while Porori is Kalenjin/Kikuyu word meaning Nation or Country.Empire means emet ab poror—the country or bucolic people!!the word embargo which is embargot in Swedish is EMBARGOT as well in Kalenjin and it means to kill a country economically, Embassy, Ambassador,Empire,Embargo,EMIRATE(EM- RATAT). EMBASSY is Kalenjin for the foreign country ie Em-bo-sang, emeet ab ssang or simply EMBASSANG-foreign country and that AMBASSADOR means the same thing.Embargo means emeet-bar- go meaning to struggle a conutry!! In other languages, they are :Ambassadør(Danish),Spanish(Embajada, imperio,embargo,embajador),Polish(Ambasada usa, imperium,embarga,ambasador),Romania (Ambasada sua, imperiu, embargoului, ambasadorul)Dutch(Ambassade, empire,embargo,ambassador)French (Ambassade, empire,embargo, l'ambassadeur),Portuguese(Embassy, empire,embargo,embaixador),Spanish (Embajada, imperio, embajador, embargo),Bulgarian(ембарго,)Sweden (Ambassaden, ambassadör, embargo, empire),Romania(Ambasada sua, ambasadorul,imperiu,embargoului,)Swedish (Ambassad och ambassadör,empire,embargot). The English word EMIRATE has its origin in Boharic/Kalenjin and it means a unted country ie EM-RATAT or emet ratat!EMERATAT later spawned Emirate(Romania),Emiraten (Swedish),Emiratem(Polish),Emiraat (Dutch),Emirat(French),Emirato(Portuguese and Italian),Emirate(Hellenic Greece/Finnish),Emirat (German/Norweigian),etc. IMPIRIAL....... Imperiální It should mean to colonise a country and is still a an African name. It spawned Czech (Imperiální),French(Système impérial) and impirial in all other Romanic and Germanic langauges. KEMEET meaning country went all the way to English/Teutonic languages where we get CHEMISTRY corrrectly pronounced KEMISTRY.some say Chemistry is derived from Chemiss- the Kalenjin abode when in Egypt. chemistry, chemicals, chemically are respectively in Italian (Chimica, prodotti chimici, chimica,)Germany(Chemie, Chemikalien, chemisch),Danish(Kemi, kemi, kemisk),Polish(Chemia, chemiczne, chemicznie),French(La chimie, des produits chimiques, aux produits chimiques),Dutch (Chemie, chemie, chemisch) and so on and on. Chemist- the person dispensing chemicals becomes Chemikar(Germany),Chemiste (French),Chimist(Romania),Chemika (Lithuania),Kjemikar(Norweigian),Kimia(Malay – a language spoken in Malaysia),Kemik (Slovenian) etc.There are dozens of worlds spawned by KEMET including Khmre language of Cambodia,Vietman and lowlands of Laos, Thailand and parts of Indonesia.! BIOLOGY-- simply meaning the study of the building blocks of life. We say water is life and with it are the building blocks of the same. This term or branch of knowledge is made to look mysterious or European while in the real sence, you will find it be of Africoid origin. In Luo langauge Water is Bia, in Somali it is Biyo, in Kalenjin it is Bei,in Estonian it is Vee, hence we may say Biyologogy in Somali, Beiology in Kalenjin or Bialogy in Luo!!!the Greeks who are the culprits here learned this branc of knowledge from the people of KEMET wo surprisingly founded GREECE! POLITICS: For long it was upheld that the Europeans invented the game of politics while the fact is that it is the Africans from the Nile valley who invented the game of politics. The Europeans will never tell you the verb of the word politics but a Kalenjin will with ease. Politics is derived from the Kalenjin word “pol” meaning to argue over something, to make noise which quinetssialy is what our politicians should do.pol gave the Kalenjin Polotet—meaning politics!! Polotet has an array of ric derivatives seen on other European languages worldwide. The English word polemics is one of them. In other languages ,Politics, Politician,polemics are:Czech(politika, politika, nezbytné?,)Dutch: Politiek, politici, polemiek,French(La politique, politicien, à la polémique,),German(Politik, Politiker, Polemik,),Danish(Politik, politiker, polemik,)Polish(Polityka, polityka, polemiki,),Afrikaan(Politiken for Politics),Swedish(Politik, politiker, polemik,),Italian(Politica, politici, polemiche),Portuguese(Política, político, polémicas,) and so on and on........ TECHOLOGY...........................TECH (Build). .........architecture The term technology was never a European term.It is derived from the Kalenjin word tech meaning to build, invent, etc. There is no English verb which gave us technology but in Kalenjin it is tech! Tech of Kalenjin gave us techseet meaning the act of building in this Pharaonic language. Tech was later to spawn technology in English and its others rich derivatives. Terms like technology,technician, technical, polytechnic, architecture,are in Portuguese (Tecnologia,técnico, técnico, escola politécnica, arquitetura,),FRENCH(La technologie,technicien, technique, Ecole polytechnique, architecture,)GERMAN(Technik, Techniker, technische, technischen Hochschule, Architektur,) DANISH(Teknologi,tekniker, tekniske, polyteknisk læreanstalt, arkitektur,)ROMANIA (Tehnologii,tehnician, tehnice, politehnica, arhitectura,) Italian(Tecnologia, tecnico, tecnici, politecnico, architettura,DUTCH (Technologie,monteur, technische en beroepsscholen, architectuur,POLISH (Technologia, technika, technicznej, politechniki, architektura,),Portuguese (Tecnologia,técnico, técnico, escola politécnica, arquitetura,SPANISH(Tecnología, técnico, técnico, universidad politécnica, arquitectura,) na zingine.ect. this clear show its source in the NILE VALLEY.teknikada in Somali langauge! Architecture means the act of extraordinay building, which in Kalenjin is woor or ar,or [ or]O meaning Big,Extraordinary, unique etc and tech meaning build, hence architecture means woor-techset ie extraodinary masonry embodied in a building.!! Architecture or WOORTEKSET.... spawned as many terms in other languages as shown above!! TOPOGRAPHY, The study of the land surface area of a place is a term that the white people coined from the Kalenjinword Topot or tepot or Thebes in Kagypotai meaning how the land “sits” for lack of a better term in my langauge. Topot means kukaa au vile nchi inakaa. Topograpgy in other langauges URENO/Italian/Polish/Danish (Topografia(e))Kijerumani(Topographie,)Sweden (Topografi),etc. Keith Steel, writes in When Egpyt Ruled The East that ancient people of the ancient Nile were a the super power people of old and supported futher by the Gerald Massey, in his other best selling, Egyptian Deities in the British Isles. Did you know that the Arabic Allah is derived from Kalenjin Illat-the God of Justice who punishes wrong doers with lightening which is Illeet?Ileet which is different from Illat means the one that coins itselft- iletak!!! It is also Illaye in Somali language and gave us Elohim- Illat and Yim or Him(Heaven) and confluences with Chebohim or Cheboyim in Northern Kalenjin. Baal,the deity of Phoenicians meaning God of rains and clouds is Bool,pool,Poolda in Kalenjin meaning clouds? Bool also spawned Bella, Apollo, Bellona, Poolo, etc in Eurasian a clear testimony of Kalenjin presence in those far flung regions. The Colchians of Russia and Gerogian who originated in Egpyt call their God Asa which is Asis, Isis or Aset among the Barabaeek people of Northern Tanzania.
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It appears that LEDAMA is a troll. All the threads are the same. Seems that loons are all we attract these days.
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Great post LEDAMA about the Ancient Egyptian Ethnic groups, language, etymology and history. I think Ancient Egypt was composed of many African tribes, some expert say 42 African tribes inhabited the 42 nomes of Egypt.I believe the Kalenjin ethnic group was in Ancient Egypt. I am going to post in that thread articles about other African ethnic groups who use to lived in Ancient Egypt.
The Kalenjins of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania had the role of defending Egypt,up to the time of Herodotus. When Herodotus visited Egypt during the 5th century BCE, he encountered a sub-nation of Egypt known as Sebenitus. Until the 40s, all Kalenjin were known by fourth names namely Sebei, Sabaot, Miot and Midian. Scholars from the community coined the word, Kalenjin, meaning I tell you to unite all the sub-nations of the tribe. Sebei and Sabaot now live around Mt. Elgon in Western Kenya and Eastern Uganda. It is possible that Herodotus misspelled the word, Sebenitus, which should have been either Sebei or Sabaot. Even the Bible confirms the presence of the Sebei (Kalenjin). Job 1:5 says "...and the Sabeans fell upon and took them away." Ezekiel also wrote about the Kalenjins (Sabeans), a sub-tribe of Ancient Egyptians. ze:23:42 says, "..and a voice of multitude being at ease was with her, and with the men of the common sort were brought Sabeans from the wilderness which put bracelets upon their hands and beautiful crowns upon their heads."
When Herodotus asked the Sebenitus people about where their aboriginal home was, they told him is/was a place called Nttr-the holy land of the God in the south. With the Benefit of Kalenjin language, we can learn that Ntrr was actually Tororo Hills in Eastern Uganda. Tororo means the exalted one, the high hill or even God. Hence Ntrr should be netoror-the exalted one!
According to their own accounts, the Kalenjin believe that their ancestors aboriginal home was here in Kenya at a place called Tororo Hills in Eastern Uganda. From here they migrated to Misiri or Egypt, where they stayed for thousands of years, and then migrated back again to Kenya. Some remained in Egypt. Others are in Ethiopia, Sudan, Eritrea and many other places around the world. However not all Old Egyptians (Kalenjin) left for Egypt. The Ogiek or Dorobo who speak Kalenjin do not recall having migrated from elsewhere. They say that they have been living in Kenya since time immemorial.
In 2001, I interviewed some oldmen as to why they left Egypt. They told me that they left Egypt after being attacked by a mysterious people called Kipyayamungeen. They said these people were white. (The term, "white", is a relative term, which means lighter skin color.) They say this was during the reign of Pharaoh Kipcheum. According to Dr Sambu, about 250,000 warriors left Egypt for East Africa as a result of this invasion. This event coincides with the first Persian invasion of Egypt, which occurred about 525 BCE.
Because the Kalenjin tongue is basically a dialect of the Egyptian language, many Egyptian words and names are recognizable by the Kalenjin peoples, such as: 1.For thousands of years, Egypt was known to the entire ancient world as Kagypta, meaning the sanctuary of Pta. Pta, now known as Kiptaiyat in modern Kalenjin language, was the deity of Memphis. When the Greeks came to Egypt about 2500 years ago, they could not pronounce the word Kagypta. Instead, they pronounced it as Aigyptos or Aegyptus. They also referred to people of Egypt as Kiptaios (see the word Kiptaiyaat above!). 2.The word, kmt, which the Egyptians referred to as their country, is also traceable to the Kalenjin tongue. Kemet in Kalenjin means country. Some other Egyptians called their country Khemet, which historians used to coin the word Hamites. 3.Pharaoh in Kalenjin language means a massively built house, a leader or president. In fact, Pharaoh should be written as Parao, from the words Para (meaning big or vast) and ooh or woor, meaning the big one. Parao should mean the leader of the entire nation. I say it should be Parao because the English word Empire is derived from it. Em in Kalenjin and Ancient Egyptian means country, while para or pire means wide, big or vast. Hence, the Europeans coined the word Empire and its derivatives from the word Parao or Pharaoh! The Kalenjin people have produced some of the Egyptian Pharaohs. 4.Pharaoh Amasis in Kalenjin may mean the one loved by God, the one who loves God, the one who eats God or the one who is eaten by God. Am in Kalenjin means eat, while Asista means the sun. There are many other examples.
The Kalenjin say that upon arrival in east Africa, they circumcised their boys in two places. They circumcised their boys near Mt Elgon at a hill called tulwop Kabiniet (ie the hill of Phallus).Around 1500 CE they circumcised their boys again at a hill called Tulwop Monyiseet (ie the hill of the foreskins). It is interesting to note that like their ancestors in Egypt, the Kalenjins gave functionally descriptive names to hills where circumcision rites have been performed. Remember God telling Jushua to circumcise his boys again in the hill of the foreskins (Joshua 5;3) in Gilgal area. Again the Kalenjin say that their ancestors used to circumcise their boys in Gilgil area which is 100 km west of nairobi. Gilgil is a corruption of Gilgal, which is the military base of the Kenyan Army.
Kalenjin Dieties
Like, Old Egyptians, Kalenjin was a monotheistic society. They believe in one God who has so many names. Asis is the deity of the Kalejin. This is Isis. Asis or Aset among the Barabaig of Tanzania was believed to be a woman. Other names we brought from Egypt include Illat-the God of Justice. Some other people later corrupted to Allah or Illay among the Somalis of Kenya and Ethiopia. Chebo-Amoni is another name of our deity which the Greeks corrupted to Amoni. The Kalenjin word osirun means to resurrect, to wake up from sleep or to cross a bridge. Apeso is also the name of our Deity, known as Apis.
The Kalenjin used to refer to themselves as children of Miot or Myoot, known in Ancient Egypt as Ma-at, another deity of Old Egyptians.
Kalenjin and Moses
The Bible tells us that Moses married a lady from Midian people known as Zipporah. I am now convinced that Moses was a Kalenjin since Moso in our language means a child. Moses was said to have been a child rescued somewhere in Egypt. We have songs about Moses in kalnjin. After circumcising our girls, we sing a song called, Ndomo rireet ab Mugaika koto mokimi emoni, ie if it were not for the sea of Musaiga (Moses) we would be dead. The story about Moses crossing the sea with his people is common among many tribes in Kenya and Southern Africa. This confirms that Moses was an Egyptian. Midian is a clan of the Kalenjins of Baringo district of Kenya.
Kalenjin and Sabeans
Sebenitus also refers to the people known as Sabeans. In fact it was the Sabeans of South Arabia who established the first civilization in the Arabian peninsula-thousands of years before the emergence of the Bedouin Arabs. Through the Sabeans (Kalenjin) link, it is not difficult to explain the presence of Old Egyptians from remote antiquity, in the Malayan Peninsula, Indo-China, and the heavy concentration of Old Egyptians in India, the Angkor and Champa in Southeast Asia, the vast populations of the dark-skinned peoples in Southern China as far as Japan's Ainu people.
It can be seen in retrospect that the Kalenjins are Old Egyptians what with more information coming to this site from me.
Kalenjin history should now be rewritten by its free natives (and not by the colonial powers of European academia), and its great past reconciled with that of other Old Egyptians around the world.
In the first chapter, we talked about the aboriginal nature of the Yoruban peoples. In this chapter, we shall talk of a possible migration from ancient Egypt. Many traditions point to a fact that an alien group (Egyptians) immigrated to Yoruba land and mixed with the original population.
Many oral traditions are replete with these stories. The Awujale of Ijebu land has shown that the Ijebus are descended from ancient Nubia (a colony of Egypt). He was able to use the evidence of language, body, scarification, coronation rituals that are similar to Nubians� etc, to show that the Ijebus are descendants of the Nubians. What the present Awujale claimed for the Ijebus, can be authenticated all over Yoruba land. The Awujale even mentioned (2004) that the Itsekiri (an eastern Yoruba dialect) are speaking the original Ijebu language.
Since the Nubians were descended or colonized by the Egyptians, the Ijebu, and by extension, all Yoruba customs, derived from the Egyptian. Many traditional Yorubas have always claimed Egypt as their place of original abode, and that their monarchical tradition derives from the Egyptians�. Apostle Atigbiofor Atsuliaghan, a high priest of Umale-Okun, and a direct descendant of Orunmila, claimed that the Yorubas left Egypt as a result of a big war that engulfed the whole of Egypt. He said the Egyptian remnants settled in various places, two important places being Ode Itsekiri and Ile-Ife.Chief O.N Rewane says �Oral tradition has it also that when the Yorubas came from South of Egypt they did not go straight to where they now occupy. They settled at Illushi, some at Asaba area � Ebu, Olukumi Ukwunzu while some settled at Ode-Itsekiri,.� (O.N. Rewane Royalty Magazine A PICTORIAL SOUVENIR OF THE BURIAL AND CORONATION OF OLU OF WARRI, WARRI 1987)
Since these oral traditions are passed on by very illiterate people, we can augment whatever is recorded with written sources. Concerning the migration of some of the Yoruban ancestors from the east, Conton says:
The Yoruba of Nigeria are believed by many modern historians to be descended from a people who were living on the banks of the Nile 2,000 years ago, and who were at the time in close contact with the Egyptians and the Jews. Sometime before AD 600, if this belief is correct, this people must have left their fertile lands, for reasons which we can not now discover and have joined in the ceaseless movement of tribes west wards and south-wards across our continent.
We can only guess at the many adventures they and their descendants must have had on their long journey and at the number of generations which passed before they arrived. All we can be certain about is that they were a Negro people (of which ancient Egypt probably had at least one community as we have seen) and that one of the many princely states they founded on their arrival in West Africa�..was Ife.� Conton WF (1960. 71
Although we agree with Conton that some of the Yoruban ancestors migrated from Egypt, we tend to toe the scientific line of Cheik Anta Diop, that the ancient Egyptians were pure Negroes.
Aderibigbe, an indigenous scholar, also accepts that the Yorubas migrated from Egypt. He says:
�The general trend of these theories, most of them based on Yoruba traditions, is that of a possible origin from �the east�. Some scholars, impressed by the similarities between Yoruba and ancient Egyptian culture � religious observation, works of art, burial and other customs � speak of a possible migration of the ancestors of the Yoruba from the upper Nile (as early as 2000BC � 1000BC) as a result of some upheavals in ancient Egypt�. (AB ADERIBIGBE 1976)
Unlike Conton, Aderibigbe was able to pinpoint a cause for the Yoruban migration � war. Olumide Lucas did a lot of job to show similarities and identities between the ancient Egyptians and the Yoruban peoples. The date that Aderibigbe gave (2000BC � 1000BC) is much earlier than that given by Conton. Aderibigbe�s date corresponds to that of the Hyksos invasion of Egypt 2000-1500BC. On the possible eastern origin of the Yorubas, Tariqh Sawandi says:
�The Yoruba history begins with the migration of an east African population across the trans-African route leading from Mid-Nile river area to the Mid-Niger. Archaeologists, according to M. Omoleya, inform us that the Nigerian region was inhabited more than forty thousand years ago, or as far back as 65,000BC. During this period, the Nok culture occupied the region. The Nok culture was visited by the �Yoruba people�, between 2000BC and 500BC. This group of people was led, according to Yoruba historical accounts by king Oduduwa, who settled peacefully in the already established Ile-Ife, the sacred city of the indigenous Nok people.
This time period is known as the Bronze Age, a time of high civilization of both of these groups. According to Olumide J. Lucas, �the Yoruba, during antiquity, lived in ancient Egypt before migrating to the Atlantic coast�. He uses as demonstration the similarity or identity of languages, religious beliefs, customs and names of persons, places and things. In addition, many ancient papyri discovered by archaeologists point at an Egyptian origin. (Tariqh Sawandi: Yorubic medicine: The Art of divine herbology � online article).
Ademoyega commented that the Ekiti section of the Yorubas must have migrated to their present area around 638AD when the Muslims took over Egypt and forced some of the Yoruba people to migrate to their present area.
So, we see that the Yoruba did not come in one migration, but in many different migrations � in waves. The first possible migration might be connected with the Hyksos invasion. Some words in the Yoruban vocabulary echo the words used in Egypt in predynastic times and in the early dynastic periods. Some Egyptian gods of this period have strong identities with Yoruban deities. For instance, gods such as Adumu (Adumu) Hepi (Ipi) Ausar (Ausa), Horise (Orise), and S�mi (S�mi) Nam (Inama) are present in Yoruba. All these gods existed in the pre-dynastic and early dynastic periods of Egypt. TODAY, AMONG THE ITSEKIRI-YORUBAS ,THESE GODS CAN STILL BE PHYSICALLY SEEN, AT LEAST, ONCE A YEAR! Neighbouring peoples are already initiated into the various gods systems and beliefs in yorubaland.the agban ancestral worship was first organized in Urhoboland during the funeral ceremony of chief Ayomanor of Sapele (1949). The Ipi system was first organized in Urhoboland in March 11, 2005.
We can also see words that existed in the Graeco-Roman period in some of the Yoruban dialects. When the Romans took over Egypt, they infiltrated the Egyptian area with their language. In present Yoruba, we can still find words of Roman descent. For instance, the Yoruba called the palm frond �Mariwo�. This word is derived form the Latin Rivus (River). One of the declensions of river is Rivo (by the river).Since the Yoruban possesses no �V�, the word become riwo. Thus, the word �Omariwo� means the child by the river. Some other words like Sangi (blood in Itsekiri-yoruba dialect) thought to have been derived form the Portuguese were actually brought as a result of the Roman Conquest of Egypt. Sangi is blood and the Latin term is Sanguis. Some eastern Yoruba use the term �Ihagi� which is clearly a corruption of the Roman Sanguis. A Christian army in 540AD invaded Egypt and some persons believed to have reached Yoruba land were driven from Egypt.
With the commencement of the Arab period in Egypt, some indigenous Egyptians who never wanted to accept the Islamic religion escaped to present Yoruba land. It was probably in this period that words such as Keferi (Kafri pagan in Arab) infiltrated into the Yoruboid vocabulary.
All said and done, more than fifty percent of the Yoruboid vocabulary of today can be deduced either directly or indirectly from the ancient Egyptian. These are the original ancient Egyptian language devoid of Arab and Latin words that are very few in the Yoruboid vocabulary
It is not really certain when king Oduduwa came from Egypt. He must have come in one of the many migrations. But since the Yoruba religious discourse has a lot of identities with Egyptian, Oduduwa would have left Egypt at a very early period perhaps after the Hyksos invasion of 2000-1500BC ,but not later than 30BC.
Could the Yoruba have migrated from a white Egypt? Far-from the truth! PROOFS OF EGYPTIAN NEGRONESS
1. Egypt was a part of Africa and therefore should be black 2. The Egyptians believe that Egypt was a colony of Ethiopia, and that the religion was brought to Egypt by King Horus from the south (inner Africa). Thus when the Egyptians died, they buried their corpses with their faces facing the South West (the direction of West Africa, home of the Yoruba) 3. Some West African peoples claim that their ancestors migrated to ancient Egypt. The Yorubas claimed that a mystic-prophet Orunmila (Oritse Udeji among the Itsekiri) migrated to Egypt and established a religion. Archaeology and cross-cultural studies have shown that Negroes migrated from West Africa to ancient Egypt. 4. Anthropologists have discovered, to their dismay, that Egyptian cultural traits: divine kingship, forms of burial, Osirian cult, etc., permeate some parts of Negro Africa. 5. Some deities exist in Egypt and in Negro Africa, such as Adumu, Hepi, Inama, Sami Horise etc. 6. The Greeks referred to the Egyptian as �Hoi Aiguptos�, (black people); the Egyptians referred to themselves as Kam (black in their language.) 7. Melanin test proved that the Egyptians were black. 8. Osteological measurements which are less misleading than craniometry in distinguishing a black man from a white man has proved that the ancient Egyptians belonged to the black race. Lepsius, a German Savant at the end of the nineteenth century, made the studies and his conclusion remains valid. Future studies have not contradicted the �Lepsius canon�, which in broad figures gave the bodily proportion of the ideal Egyptian: short armed and of Negroid or Negrito physical type. 9. Most West African claim Egyptian ancestry. If they are black, their ancient Egyptian ancestors must be black. 10. Ancient paintings on caves and temples in Egypt depict blacks. At first there were only black paintings, in later times, the blacks were shown ruling over whites and yellows (Asians). 11. Ancient statues and carvings found in Upper and Lower Egypt showed black skins, and features. 12. Ancient monuments such as the pyramid have been replicated in other parts of Africa. A typical example is the Warri pyramid recorded in Roth (1671). 13. Language similarities exist between the Egyptians and some groups in west Africa such as the Wolof and particularly more so, the Yorubas ( more then 500 similar words have been discovered bearing identical meanings. See Yoruba is Atlantis by the same authors: to be published). 14. Recent findings of Genetics and Molecular Biology and Linear Analysis have proved the Egyptians were Negroid. 15. The testimony of classical writers such as Plato, Homer, Aristotle, Pythagoras etc., portrays the Egyptians as blacks. 16. the physical photograph of Yuyi of ancient Egypt is Negroid (Barbara Mertz : Red Land ,Black land: 1967)
In order to prove the Egyptians origin of the Greek oracle of Dodona, Herodotus says:
�And when they add that the dove was black, they gave us to understand that the woman was Egyptian�.
The doves mentioned in a text �Epirus� stands for two Egyptian women, reputed to have brought the oracle from Tebu (Thebes)[today there are two Tebus in Yoruba land] in Egypt to establish the oracle of Dodona in Greek and Libya.
Another antiquarian, Lycinus, describing a young Egyptian, mentioned Negroid features. �This boy is not merely black; he has thick lips and his legs are too thin � His hair worn in a plait behind shows that he is not a free man.�
The mention of �black�, �thick lips� and hair worn in plaits behind are totally of African origin. In those days Itsekiri owned slaves (mostly Sobo) were either clean-shaven, or they wore their hair in plaits until they regained freedom. Thus, unknowingly, Lycinus had drawn an identical cultural affinity between the Kamites and the Yorubas.
Marcelinus, a Latin historian writes:
�The men of Egypt are mostly brown or black with a skinny and desiccated look.�
Appolodorus, who lived in the first century before our era, commented on Egypt as Negroes:
�Aiguptos captured the country of the black footed ones and called it Egypt after himself.�
Aristotle � an ancient Greek philosopher, a disciple of Plato � in a naive way showed that the Egyptians were black, hear him:
�Those who are too black are cowards, like for instance the Egyptians and the Ethiopians, but those who are excessively white are also cowards as we can see from the example of women, the complexion of courage is between the two�.
Herodotus, 485-425BC, the father of history, further said concerning the ancient Egyptians:
�It is in fact manifested that the Colchidians are Egyptian by race. Several Egyptians told me that in their opinion that the Colchidians were descendants of the soldiers of Sesostris. I had conjectured as much myself from two pointers, firstly because they have black skins and kinky hair (to tell the truth this proves nothing for other peoples have them too) and secondly more reliably for the reason that alone among mankind, the Egyptians and the Ethiopians have practiced circumcision since time immemorial. The Phoenicians and the Syrians of Palestine themselves admit that they learnt the practice from the Egyptians, while the Syrians in the river Thermodon and the Pathenoise region and their neighbours the Macrons say they learnt it recently from the Colchidians. These are the only races which practice circumcision, and it is observable that they do it in the same way with the Egyptians. As between the Egyptians themselves and the Ethiopians, I can not say which of them taught the other the practice, for among them; it is quite clearly a custom of great contiguity. As to the further strong proof to my belief is that all those Phoenicians trading to Greek cease to treat the pudenda after the Egyptian manner and do not subject their offspring to concussion�.
Herodotus mentioned black skins and kinky hair as features of the Colchidians of being descendants of the Egyptians; he also mentioned the survival of circumcision. It should be noted that Abraham � the Arab patriarch of the Jews � learnt circumcision from Hagar, his Egyptian slave wife, whence the custom spread to the Jews. Herodotus also commented that other peoples (those in inner Africa and the black Sumerians and Canaanites) also had kinky hair.
The towns of ancient Egypt: On (Annu) or Heliopolis, Hermonthis, Dendera, Tebu etc., were developed by Annu, the pre-dynastic blacks of Egypt. Skeletons of the Negro Annu were ubiquitous in ancient Egypt...
Mene, the first pharaoh of the first dynasty, sometimes identified with the God-man Osiris (A black forerunner of Christ) was a Blackman. Zoser, Sesostris, Amenhopis, Khufu, Menthuhotep, Queen Amuses, Nefertari etc., were also all Negroes.
The Egyptian religion and other cultural practices show strong African and more so Yorubic characteristics. These can be seen in the following areas: 1. The lost wax method of brass or bronze making, which was common to both the Yoruba peoples (particular Ife) and the ancient Egyptians. 2. The ritual of initiation 3. Striving to achieve the ultimate in �Good� and truth (summun bonum) 4. The doctrine of transmigration of soul and reincarnation is widely believed in, by both peoples. 5. The concept of the �god king�. 6. Aspiration to achieve the great �good� of the gods � �wealth health and long life�. 7. The Yorubic regalia, in most cases, are strikingly similar to pharoanic ones. 8. Veneration of the Ram in both places. Among the eastern Yorubas (Itsekiri especially, most of the water deities are depicted as ram following the predynastic and pharoanic patterns). 9. Both peoples answer the theophorous names.
LINGUISTIC SIMILARITIES
Since Ferdinand de Saussure, the surest way to prove a cultural contact between peoples is to adduce linguistic evidence (Ferdinand de Saussure (1972) General HISTORY OF Africa).
One of the largest inhabitants of Egypt were Yoruboid , and it will be expected that a good percentage of their language will be yoruboid ,too. See the table below.
EGYPT YORUBA 1. Wu (rise) Wu (rise) 2. Ausa (Osiris, father of the gods) Ausa (father) 3. Ere (python/ Serpent) Ere (Python / Serpent) 4. Horise (a great god) Orise (a great god) 5. Sen (group of worshippers) Sen ( to worship) 6. Ged (to chant0 Igede (a chant) 7. Ta (sell / offer) Ta (sell/offer) 8. Sueg (a fool) Suegbe (a fool) 9. On ( living person) One ( living person) 10. Kum (a club) Kumo( a club) 11. Enru (fear / terrible) Eru (fear / terrible 12. Kun / qun (brave man) Ekun (title of a brave man) 13. Win (to be) Wino (to be) 14. Odonit (festival) Odon (festival) 15. Ma or mi (to breath) Mi. (to breathe) 16. Tebu (a town) Tebu (a town) 17. Adumu (a water god) Adumu (a water god) 18. Khu (to kill) Ku (die) 19. Rekha (knowledge} Larikha (knowledge) 20 Hika (evil) Ika (evil) 21 Mhebi (humble) Mebi, humble to ones family 22 Sata (perfect) Santan (perfect) 23 Unas (lake of fire) Una (fire) 24 Tan (complete) Tan (complete) 25 Beru (force of emotion) Beru (fear) 26 Em (smell) Emi (smell) 27 Pa (open) Pa (break open) 28 Bi (to become) Bi (to give birth, to become) 29 Hepi (a water god) Ipi (a water god) 30 Sami (water god) Sami (a water god) 31 Osiri (a water god) Oshiri (a water god) 32 Heqet � Re (frog deity) Ekere (the frog) 33 Feh (to go away) Feh (to blow away) 34 Kot (build) Ko (build) 35 Kot (boat) Oko (boat) 36 Omi (water) Omi (water) 37 Ra (time) Ira (time) 38 Oni (title of Osiris) Oni (title of the king of Ife) 39 Budo (dwelling place) Budo (dwelling place) 40 Dudu (black image of Osiris) Dudu (black person) 41 Un (living person) Una (living person) 42 Ra (possess) Ra (possess/buy) 43 Beka (pray/confess) Be or ka (to pray or confess) 44 Po (many) Po (many/cheap) 45 Horuw (head) middle Egyptian Oruwo (head) (Ijebu) 46 Min (a god) Emin (spirit) 47 Ash (invocation) Ashe (invocation) 48 Aru (mouth) Arun (mouth ) Ilaje 49 Do (river) Odo (river) 50 Do (settlement) Udo (settlement) 51 Shekiri (water god) Shekiri (a water god) 52 Bu (a place) Bu ,a place 53 Khepara (beetle Akpakara (beetle) 54 No (a water god Eno (a water god) 55 Ra -Shu (light after darkness Uran-shu (the light of the moon 56 Run-ka (spirit name) Oruko (name) 57 Deb/dib to pierce Dibi (to pierce) 58 Maat (goddess of justice Mate (goddess of justice) 59 Aru (rise) Ru (rise up) 60 Fa (carry) Fa (pull) 61 Kaf (pluck) Ka (pluck) 62 Bu bi (evil place) Bubi (evil place) 63 In- n (negation In-n (negation) 64 Iset (a water god) Ise (a water god) 65 Shabu (watcher) Ashonbo (watcher) 66 Semati (door keeper) Sema (lock/shut the door) 67 Khenti amenti (big words of Osiris Yenti � yenti (big, very big) 68 Ma (to know) Ma (to know) 69 Bebi, a son of osiris) Ube, a god 70 Tchatcha chief (they examined the death to see if they tricked tsatsa (a game of tricks, gambling ) 71 Ren( animal foot) Ren (to walk) 72 Ka (rest) Ka (rest/tired) 73 Mu (water) Mu (drink water) 74 Abi (against) Ubi (against / impediment) 75 Reti (to beseech) Retin (to listen) 76 Hir (praise) Yiri (praise) 77 Ta(spread out) Ta (spread out) 78 Kurud (round) Kurudu (round) 79 Ak � male Ako (male) 80 Se � to create Se (to create) 81 Hoo (rejoice) Yo (rejoice) 82 Kamwr (black) Kuru (extremely black 83 Omitjener (deep water) Omijen (deep water) 84 Nen, the primeval water mother) Nene (mother 85 Ta (land) Ita (land junction) 86 Horiwo (head) Oriwo (head) 87 Ro (talk) Ro (to think) 88 Kurubu (round) Kurubu (deep and round) 89 Penka (divide) Kpen (divide) 90 Ma-su (to mould) Ma or su (to mould) 91 Osa (time) Osa (time) 92 Osa (tide) Osa ( tide) 93 Fare (wrap) Fari (wrap) 94 Kom (complete) Kon (complete) 95 Edjo (cobra) Edjo (cobra) 96 Didi (red fruit) Diden (red) 97 Ba (soul) Oba (king) soul of a people 98 Ke (hill) Oke( hill 99 Anubis (evil deity) Onubi (evil person) 100 Kan (one: Middle Egyptian) Okan one) 101 Nam (water god) Inama (water god)
The words above are used to show that most Yoruban words are identical to the ancient Egyptian
Peree-t 'descendantlroyal house (Igbo opara - 'son');
Satu 'shine down' (Igbo satuo 'shine down' -Orlu dialect);
Shishah 'six' (Igob 'ishi ishie' 'bundles of six);
Tau 'glorify' (Igbo too 'glorify' Orlu dialect);
Hru 'the day dawns' (Igbo horo 'the dawns');
Xerkert (pronounced kirkir) 'pieces' (Igbo kirikiri 'pieces' - Orlu dialect. [Egyptian transitive --k 'you' (Igbo transitive --k 'you' as in si ku -'say to you' - Nsukka dialect]);
Mer 'water', Igbo mmiri - 'water';
Ma'at 'Wisdom and Divine Law' (Igbo ma etu -'Knowledge ofDivine law';
Makkes -'a scepter for cutting away evil forces' (Igbo mma aka eshi ('sacred knife of the Eshi');
Efodj (dj is pronounced chi) 'sacred garrnent worn by priests while perforrning rites on the dead'(Igbo Efe chi 'deity's sacred garrnent');
Ssedjem 'wooden poles supporting the Egyptian Ark' (Igbo osisi chi m-'deity's sacred wood').
As the Egyptians recognized nine original great gods, so too they identified nine parts of a person (Igbo person Igbo highest sacred number is also nine - the number of Great God Ele, the master of all Shaman/Afa):
1. The physical Body - Kha (Igbo - Akwa 'cloth of the Spirit' - origin ofAkwa Nshi) 2. The heart - ab (Igbo - obi 'heart') 3. The shadow - khaibat (Igbo akwa obi - 'Cloth ofthe heart') 4. The name -ren 5. The soul -ab (Igbo obi - 'inner person') 6. The mind -akh/chi -(Igbo chi - 'divine mind') 7. The spirit-body -sahu (Igbo isi ahu - 'head of the body'/Eshi ahu - 'God in Man') 8. The spirit -ka (Igbo Kwa/Nkwo - imrnortals) 9. The Power -Sekhem/hike (Igbo -isi ikem -'source of my power' / ike-power).
The hieroglyph for ren (name) is an open mouth speaking over the waters implying that the primeval creative force of God at Eden is tied with one' s name. In Igbo ren's equivalent is reh which means to invoke/to pass a divine verdict'.
Kemson_Reloaded writes: This is only a fraction of all the Igbo words and phrases which have been found genetically matching Black Africans languages/dialects spoken in Ancient Kemet. Clearly, the Igbo language is an extremely old, parental-ancestral language. The excellent Anthropological Linguistic research performed by team from the Catherine Acholonu Research Center for African Studies (CARC) has revealed far more than expected and produced irrefutable and demonstrative linguistic proof that the Igbo language was fully spoken in Ancient Kemet. These anthropological results are likely to be at the dismay of Euro-Western specialists and detractors of Black African history and such dismay warrants only disregard. But what cannot be ignored that the fact that Euro-Western attempts in translating Ancient Black African tonal languages is littered with errors. These errors can be attributed to the likes of Champollion Figeac and Joseph Greenberg(the Khazar, so-called Jewish specialist). Since these ancient Black African languages are still being spoken by Black Africans today these error are corrected as part of the Anthropological research process.
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It depends which part of egypt Igbo,yoruba and Akan was spoken.These languages have the same roots. Igbo,Yoruba,Akan,dogon and mande languages all fall in the category WEST-BENUE CONGO but Yoruba is closest to egyptian hieratic.but they are not BANTU.The first population to settle in N.E africa region were West-benue congo speakers ancestors of most sierra leonians,nigerians,ghanians,cameroonians e.t.c In egypt they were MISIRI(MIZRAIM) or in archeological language Ancient BADARIAN.The badarians were joined by the SOUTH NILOTIC SPEAKERS(NAQADANS),who were responsible for unification of ancient egypt.KUSHITES were WEST-NILOTIC SPEAKERS.BANTUS entered egypt as HYKSOS(KESWET) migrants from Canaan..KESWET in kalenjin means 'abandoned house'.Yes bantus are deacendants of ancient Canaanites who entered egypt escaping the SEMITIC EXPANSION happening in the middle east at that period.Most BANTUS were cast out of egypt by kalenjin pharaoh AMASIS,for desrespecting martriachal order MAAT,by setting their own rulers.Those who were left assimilated as egyptians and settled in Upper egypt(Aswan region(TA-SETI),Meroe&Nekhen(TA-MERU). The bantus cast out of egypt settled in KUSH and mixed with western nilotes.e.g great lakes bantus BU-KUSU(KUSH),BA-GUSSI(KUSH),BA-KISSU(KUSH).The martriachal order MAAT which was the unifying factor of the league that united Libya,egypt and Kush incase of any foreign(non-african) aggresion from the north sea or middle east.MAAT law states that pharaoh could be of any ethnicity but must marry from the egyptian/wasetian martriachy in Thebes and Nekhen.A pharaoh could be bantu or nilotic but must marry a Kalenjin woman as official queen to become pharaoh.Tribes that followed the order of Maat wore Ostrich feathers to show they were part of the defence league/confederation(egypt,libya&kush).That is why ALL SOUTHERN NILOTES,WESTERN NILOTES & SOUTHERN BANTUS wore Ostrich feathers during war or celebrations.
MORE KALENJIN-COPTIC/EGYPTIAN WORDS Kalenjin-egyptian
PARA-O(big/vast house,leader)-PRR-O/PHARAOH(king) ORET(path/way)-ORET(path/way) EMEET/KHEMEET(country)-KEMET(country) KAMET(mother)-KAMET(old woman) POIYOOT(father/elder)-PAIYOOT(father/elder) TEBES(big City)-THEBES(big city) SESET(dog)-SET animal(african dog) PAKHET(cat)-PAKHET(cat) KIMYO/KIMYET(bread)-KIMYO(bread) SOBEK(alive,Abagusi homeland KA-SOBEK)-SOBEK(crocodile deity) KHOTEP(forever)-KHOTEP(forever) SOBEKHOTEP(live forever/reign forever)-SOBEKHOTEP(sobek is satisfied???) MDU-NETER(variety of people in kalenjin) MDU-NETORORO(people of the gods in kalenjin)-MDU-NETER(language of gods in egyptian). METU-NETER(don't mix/don't include variety/don't include foreigners) TETA-NETER(variety of cattle breeds) BA/PA(of)-BA/Pa(of) PA-AMERU(of Ameru tribe of kenya)-PA-AMERU(of amorites) BER BER(uncivilised/ignorant)-BER BER(uncivilised/ignorant. One characteristics of kalenjin and egyptian is the use of feminine prefix (t)
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LEDAMA what is your opinion on the African origin of the Ancient Roman and Etruscan. I read in a book that part of the Roman and Etruscan cultures was similar to Akan, Yoruba and Mande cultures. LEDAMa you states that the ancient Egyptians colonized Greece, Iberia (Spain, Portugal) and the British Isle.
quote:Originally posted by LEDAMA: It depends which part of egypt Igbo,yoruba and Akan was spoken.These languages have the same roots. Igbo,Yoruba,Akan,dogon and mande languages all fall in the category WEST-BENUE CONGO but Yoruba is closest to egyptian hieratic.but they are not BANTU.The first population to settle in N.E africa region were West-benue congo speakers ancestors of most sierra leonians,nigerians,ghanians,cameroonians e.t.c In egypt they were MISIRI(MIZRAIM) or in archeological language Ancient BADARIAN.The badarians were joined by the SOUTH NILOTIC SPEAKERS(NAQADANS),who were responsible for unification of ancient egypt.KUSHITES were WEST-NILOTIC SPEAKERS.BANTUS entered egypt as HYKSOS(KESWET) migrants from Canaan..KESWET in kalenjin means 'abandoned house'.Yes bantus are deacendants of ancient Canaanites who entered egypt escaping the SEMITIC EXPANSION happening in the middle east at that period.Most BANTUS were cast out of egypt by kalenjin pharaoh AMASIS,for desrespecting martriachal order MAAT,by setting their own rulers.Those who were left assimilated as egyptians and settled in Upper egypt(Aswan region(TA-SETI),Meroe&Nekhen(TA-MERU). The bantus cast out of egypt settled in KUSH and mixed with western nilotes.e.g great lakes bantus BU-KUSU(KUSH),BA-GUSSI(KUSH),BA-KISSU(KUSH).The martriachal order MAAT which was the unifying factor of the league that united Libya,egypt and Kush incase of any foreign(non-african) aggresion from the north sea or middle east.MAAT law states that pharaoh could be of any ethnicity but must marry from the egyptian/wasetian martriachy in Thebes and Nekhen.A pharaoh could be bantu or nilotic but must marry a Kalenjin woman as official queen to become pharaoh.Tribes that followed the order of Maat wore Ostrich feathers to show they were part of the defence league/confederation(egypt,libya&kush).That is why ALL SOUTHERN NILOTES,WESTERN NILOTES & SOUTHERN BANTUS wore Ostrich feathers during war or celebrations.
Les descendants des Pharaons à travers l´Afrique (Extrait page.62-63)
A l´apogée succède le declin. A la fin du Ve siècle et au debut du VI siecle, les empereurs romains établissent l´embargo sur les exportations en métaux précieux, en fer, et en denrées alimentaires à destination d´Himya d´Axoum.
L´Ethiopie septentrionale des Gara, devenue une entité satellite de ce dernier, achève de péricliter. La convergence des trois influences des religions étrangères : Christianisme, Judaisme et Islam - provoque une levée de boucliers des Gara qui basculent définitivement dans le monde fezzanais.
Cette dernière vague du Changala trouve le Sahara Central méridional confronté aux mêmes difficultés. Non seulement, il sombre dans le déclin comercial. Mais encore la christianisation frappe aux portes des Gara occidentaux. II s´ensuit que le Mouvement Changala continua en direction de l´Ouest; voire l´Est.
Mais dispersés dans le monde africain à l´instar des Juifs, les Ngala se reconnaissent universellement comme formant une seule nation, en dépit des langues différentes qu´ils ont adoptées cà et là.
En gros, parmi Ngala d´Afrique, on peut citer :
Ø Les Gala; d´Ethiopie et de l´Afrique de l´Est (entre les lacs Victoria et Nyata)
Ø Les Changalla (Doko, Bako, Kouso) d´Ethiopie.
Ø Les Beja, en Somalie.
Ø Les Barabra, cercle Soudan Oriental fortement métissés d´Arabes.
Ø Les Abagala incorporés aux Abalouya du Kenya et de la Tanzanie.
Ø Les Ankole, de l´Ouganda, les Ngala et les Iswa-Ngala.
Ø Les Lozi en Zambie, et les Mbedi du Zambeze et de Transvaal.
Ø Les Nigara du Bouroundi.
Ø Les Bangala, et les Mongo-Koundou, les Ngala-Yanzi du Zaire.
Ø Les Bagala parmi les Haya de Bounyoro.
Ø Les Ngala-Pande et les Banziri de la RCA.
Ø Les Ngalanga ou Ngangala du Congo, Ngalaga du Nigeria.
Ø Les Imbangala d´Angola et du Zaire.
Ø Les Mongala du Soudan.
Ø Les Tribus Gara du Sahara, et ancêtres des Dogons du Mali.
Ø Les Ngalam du Sénégal absorbés par les rameaux Mandingue, Toucouleur et constituant l´essentiel du peuple Wolof avec des métis Sérère, Foulbé (Sarakolé), au Sénégal.
Ø Ouangara métissés de Malinké au Mali et en Côte-d´Ivoire, comme chez les Ashanti du Ghana.
Ø Les Ngara ou Ngara´en, ou encore Ngarabe assimilés parmi les Foulbé du et du Nord-Cameroun, les Bamle-Ngara parmi les Foulbé du Tchad.
Ø Les Igala : métissés de Yorouba, et les Tiv métissés de Memtchi dans le Nigeria du Nord-Est.
Ø Les Galoa-Miéné du Gabon, Bamoun et Bakpwak-Bafia.
Ø Les Ngala parmi les Kotoko, et parmi les Wandala du Nord-Cameroun.
Ø Les Ngala-Dwala du Bas-Cameroun, du Sud-Est Nigerian, de l´Est du du Congo, et dans la region des Grands Lacs orientaux, avec troncons: Bamalé-Ngala et Toukourou ou Minié, dont des tribus ont étés intégrées par des groupes voisins Beti, Bamiléké, Tikar et Bassa etc...
Dans l´ensemble, les gens du Changala appartiennent à la sous-race "Kamétique" directement issue de Kamêt (Egypte Pharaonique), le groupe éthiopide qui comprend, entre autres, le sous-groupe Ethiopide Gara au duquel les Ngala d´une part, les Alpura´en (Foulbé, et Toucoulor islamisés) d´autre part, trouvent leur piace. Il en va de même des sous-groupes égypto- Fella, coptes métissés d´Indo-Européens.
posted
LEDAMA this is not linguistics. You don't just compare words to show a linguistic relationship, you also have to explain why the terms are related.
Anta Diop provides a method to conduct linguistic research. What you presented is not linguistics.
The Linguistic Methods of Chiekh Anta Diop
By Clyde Winters
Chiekh Anta Diop has contributed much to the Afrocentric social sciences. Here we discuss many of Diop's views on using the linguistic sciences to rediscover the ancient history of Blacks.
Chiekh Anta Diop has made important contributions to linguistic theory in relation to African historiography. Diop's work illustrates that it is important for scholars to maintain a focus on the historical and linguistic factors which define the "personnalitè culturelle africaine" (Diop 1991, 227).
Language is the sanctum sanctorum of Diop's Afrocentric historical method. The Diopian view of historiography combines the research of linguistics, history and psychology to interpret the cultural unity of African people.
C. Anta Diop is the founder of modern Afrocentricism . Diop (1974,1991) laid the foundations for the Afrocentric idea in education. He laid these foundations using both the historical and anthropological/linguistic methods of research to explain the role of the Blacks in World History.
There are three components in the genetic model: 1) common Physical type, 2) common cultural patterns and 3) genetically related languages. (Winters 1989a) Diop over the years has brought to bear all three of these components in his illumination of Kemetic civilization. (Diop 1974,1977,1978,1991)
The opposition of many Eurocentric scholars to Afrocentric -ism results from white hostility to Diop's idea of a Black Egypt, and the view that Egyptians spoke an African ,rather than Afro-Asiatic language.
Recently, Eurocentric American scholars have alleged to write reviews of Diop's recent book (Diop 1991). Although these reviewers mention the work of Diop in their articles, they never review his work properly, because they lack the ability to understand the many disciplines that Diop has mastered.(Lefkowitz 1992; Baines 1991)
For example Lefkowitz (1992) in The New Republic, summarizes
Diop (1974) but never presents any evidence to dispute the findings of Diop. The most popular "review" of Diop (1991) was done by Baines (1991) review in the New York Times Book Review. In this "review" Baines (1991) claims that "...the evidence and reasoning used to support the arguments are often unsound".
Instead of addressing the evidence Diop (1991) presents of the African role in the rise of civilization that he alleges is "unsound", he is asking the reader to reject Diop's thesis without refutation of specific evidence presented by Diop of the
African contributions to Science and Philosophy. Baines (l991)
claims that Diop's Civilization or Barbarism, is not a work of originality, he fails to dispute any factual evidence presented by Diop.
Baines (1991) wants the public to accept his general negative comments about Civilization or Barbarism ,based on the fact that he is an Egyptologist. This is not enough, in academia
to refute a thesis one must present counter evidence that proves the falseness of a thesis not unsubstantiated rhetoric. We can not accept the negative views of Baines on faith alone.
In the recovery of information concerning the African past, Diop promotes semantic anthropology, comparative linguistics and the study of Onomastics. The main thesis of Diop is that typonymy and ethnonymy of Africa point to a common cradle for Paleo-Africans in the Nile Valley (Diop 1978, 67).
Onomastics is the science of names. Diop has studied legends, placenames and religious cult terms to discover the unity of African civilization. Diop (1981, 86) observed that:
"An undisputed linguistic relationship between two geographically remote groups of languages can be relevant for the study of migrations. A grammatical (or genetic) relationship if clear enough is never an accident".
As a result, Diop has used toponyms (place-names), anthroponyms (personal names) and ehthnonyms (names of ethnic groups/tribes) to explain the evidence of analogous ethnic (clan) names in West Africa and the Upper Nile (Diop 1991).
In Precolonial Black Africa, Diop used ethnonyms to chart the migrations of African people in West Africa. And in The African Origin of Civilization, Diop used analyses acculturaliste or typological analysis to study the origin and spread of African cultural features from the Nile Valley to West Africa through his examination of toponyms (Diop 1974, 182-183). In the Cultural Unity of Black Africa, Diop discussed the common totems and religious terms many African ethnic groups share (Diop 1978, 124).
LINGUISTIC TAXONOMY
This linguistic research has been based on linguistic classification or taxonomy. Linguistic taxonomy is the foundation upon which comparative and historical linguistic methods are based (Ruhlen 1994). Linguistic taxonomy is necessary for the identification of language families. The determination of language families give us the material to reconstruct the proto-language of a people and discover regular sound correspondences.
There are three major kinds of language classifications: genealogical, typological, and areal. A genealogical classifica-tion groups languages together into language families based on the shared features retained by languages since divergence from the common ancestor or proto-language. An areal classification groups languages into linguistic areas based on shared features acquired by a process of convergence arising from spatial proximity. A typological classification groups languages together into language types by the similarity in the appearance of the structure of languages without consideration of their historical origin and present, or past geographical distribution.
COMPARATIVE METHOD
Diop has used comparative and historical linguistics to illuminate the Unity of African civilization. Diop (1977, xxv) has noted that
"The process for the evolution of African languages is clearly apparent; from a far we (have) the idea that Wolof is descendant by direct filiation to ancient Egyptian, but the Wolof, Egyptian and other African languages (are) derived from a common mother language that one can call Paleo-African, the common mother language that one can call Paleo-African, the common African or the Negro- African of L. Homburger or of Th. Obenga."
The comparative method is used by linguists to determine the relatedness of languages, and to reconstruct earlier language states. The comparative linguist has two major goals (1) trace the history of language families and reconstruct the mother language of each family, and (2) determine the forces which affect language. In general, comparative linguists are interested in determining phonetic laws, analogy/ correspondence and loan words.
Diop is a strong supporter of the comparative method in the rediscovery of Paleo-African. The reconstruction of Paleo-African involves both reconstruction and recognition of regular sound correspondence. The goal of reconstruction is the discovery of the proto-language of African people is the recovery of Paleo-African:
(1) vowels and consonants
(2) specific Paleo-African words
(3) common grammatical elements; and
(4) common syntactic elements.
The comparative method is useful in the reconstruction of Proto-languages or Diop's Paleo-African. To reconstruct a proto-language the linguist must look for patterns of correspondences. Patterns of correspondence is the examination of terms which show uniformity. This uniformity leads to the inference that languages are related since uniformity of terms leads to the inference that languages are related since conformity of terms in two or more languages indicate they came from a common ancestor.
HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS
A person's language provides us with evidence of the elements of a group's culture. Diop has noted that reconstruction of Paleo-African terms can help us make inferences about a group's culture going backwards in time to an impenetrable past undocumented by written records. This is semantic anthropology, a linguistic approach which seeks to discover aspects of man's culture from his language. Thusly, linguistic resemblances can help the anthropologist make precise inferences about a groups culture elements.
Linguistic resemblances denote a historical relationship. This suggest that resemblances in fundamental vocabulary and culture terms can help one reconstruct the culture of the speakers of genetically related languages.
LINGUISTIC CONSTANCY
The rate at which languages change is variable. It appears that linguistic change is culture specific. Consequently, the social organization and political culture of a particular speech community can influence the speed at which languages change.
Based on the history of language change in Europe most linguists believe that the rate of change for all languages is both rapid and constant.(Diagne, 1981,p.238) The idea that all languages change rapidly is not valid for all the World's languages.
African languages change much slower than European languages. (Armstrong, 1962) For example, African vocabulary items collected by Arab explorers over a thousand years ago are analogous to contemporary lexical items.(Diagne,1981, p.239) In addition there are striking resemblances between the ancient Egyptian language and Coptic, and Pharonic Egyptian and African languages.(Diagne, 1981; Diop, 1977; Obenga, 1993)
The political stability of African political institutions has caused languages to change very slowly in Africa. Pawley and Ross (1993) argue that a sedentary life style may account for the conservative nature of a language.
African oral traditions and the eye witness accounts of travelers to Africa, make it clear that African empires although made up of diverse nationalities illustrated continuity. To accomodate the plural nature of African empires Africans developed a Federal system of government. (Niane , 1984) In fact we can not really describe ancient African state systems as empires, since this implies absolute rule or authority in a single individual. This political state of affairs rarely existed in ancient Africa, because in each African speech community local leadership was elected by the people within the community. (Diop, 1987) For example the Egyptians often appointed administrators over the conquered territories from among the conquered people. (Diop ,1991)
The continuity of many African languages may result from the steady state nature of African political systems, and long standing cultural stability since neolithic times. (Diop, 1991 ; Winters 1985) This cultural stability has affected the speed at which African languages change.
In Africa due to the relative stability of socio-political structures and settled life, there has not been enough pressure exerted on African societies as a whole and African speech communities in particular, to cause radical internal linguistic changes within most African languages. Permanent settlements led to a clearly defined system of inheritance and royal succession. These traits led to stability on both the social and political levels.
This leads to the hypothesis that linguistic continuity exist in Africa due to the stability of African socio-political structures and cultural systems. This relative cultural stability has led African languages to change more slowly then European and
Asian languages. Diop (1974) observed that:
First the evolution of languages, instead of moving everywhere at the same rate of speed seems linked to other factors; such as , the stability of social organizations or the opposite, social upheavals. Understandably in relatively stable societies man's language has changed less with the passage of time.(pp.153-154)
There is considerable evidence which supports the African continuity concept. Dr. Armstrong (1962) noted the linguistic continuity of African languages when he used glottochronology to test the rate of change in Yoruba. Comparing modern Yoruba words with a list of identical terms collected 130 years ago by Koelle , Dr. Armstrong found little if any internal or external changes in the terms. He concluded that:
I would have said that on this evidence African languages are changing with glacial slowness, but it seems to me that in a century a glacier would have changed a lot more than that. Perhaps it would be more in order to say that these languages are changing with geological slowness. (Armstrong, 1962, p.285).
Diop's theory of linguistic constancy recognizes the social role language plays in African language change. Language being a variable phenomena has as much to do with a speaker's society as with the language itself. Thus social organization can influence the rate of change within languages. Meillet (1926, 17) wrote that:
Since language is a social institution it follows that linguistics is a social science, and the only variable element to which one may appeal in order to account for a linguistic change is social change, of which language variations are but the consequences.
THE BLACK AFRICAN ORIGIN OF EGYPT
Diop has contributed much to African linguistics. He was a major proponent of the Dravidian-African relationship (Diop 1974, 116), and the African substratum in Indo-European languages in relationship to cacuminal sounds and terms for social organiza-tion and culture (1974, 115). Diop (1978, 113) also recognized that in relation to Arabic words, after the suppression of the first consonant, there is often an African root.
Diop's major linguistic effort has been the classification of Black African and Egyptian languages . Up until 1977 Diop'smajor area of interest were morphological and phonological similarities between Egyptian and Black African languages. Diop (1977, 77-84) explains many of his sound laws for the Egyptian-Black African connection.
In Parènte Génétique de l'Egyptien pharraonique et des Langues Négro Africaines (PGEPLNA), Diop explains in some detail
his linguistic views in the introduction of this book. In PGEPLNA , Diop demonstrates the genetic relationship between ancient Egyptian and the languages of Black Africa. Diop provides thousands of cognate Wolof and Egyptian terms in support of his Black African-Egyptian linguistic relationship.
PALEO-AFRICAN
African languages are divided into Supersets (i.e., a family of genetically related languages, e.g., Niger-Congo) sets, and subsets. In the sets of African languages there are many parallels between phonological terms, eventhough there may be an arbitrary use of consonants which may have a similar sound. The reason for these changes is that when the speakers of Paleo-African languages separated, the various sets of languages underwent separate developments. As a result a /b/ sound in one language may be /p/ or /f/ in a sister language. For example, in African languages the word for father may be baba , pa or fa, while in the Dravidian languages we have appan to denote father.
Diop has noted that reconstruction of Paleo-African terms can help us make inferences about an ethnic group's culture going backwards in time to an impenetrable past undocumented by written records. This is semantic anthropology, a linguistic approach which seeks to discover aspects of man's culture from his language. Thusly, linguistic resemblances can help the anthropologists make precise inferences about a linguistic group's cultural elements.
BLACKS IN WEST ASIA
In PGEPLNA Diop makes clear his views on the role of African languages in the rise of other languages. Using archaeological evidence Diop makes it clear that the original West Asians: Elamites and Sumerians were of Black origin (1974, 1977, xxix-xxxvii).
Diop (1974, 1991) advocates the unity of Black Africans
and Blacks in West Asia. Winters (1985,1989,1994) has elaborated on the linguistic affinity of African and West Asian languages.
This view is supported by linguistic evidence. For example these languages share demonstrative bases:
Proximate Distant Finite
Dravidian i a u
Manding i a u
Sumerian bi a
Wolof i a u
The speakers of West Asian and Black African languages also share basic culture items:
Chief city,village black,burnt
Dravidian cira, ca uru kam
Elamite Salu
Sumerian Sar ur
Manding Sa furu kami,"charcoal'
Nubia sirgi mar
Egyptian Sr mer kemit
Paleo-African *sar *uru *kam
OBENGA
Obenga (1978) gives a phonetic analysis of Black African and Egyptian. He illustrates the genetic affinity of consonants within the Black African (BA) and Egyptian languages especially the occlusive bilateral sonorous, the occlusive nasal apico-dental /n/ and /m/ , the apico-alveolar /r/ and the radical
proto-form sa: 'man, female, posterity' in Black Africa.
Language
Agaw asau, aso 'masculine
Sidama asu 'man'
Oromo asa id.
Caffino aso id.
Yoruba so 'produce'
Meroitic s' man
Fonge sunu id.
Bini eso 'someone'
Kikongo sa,se,si 'father'
Swahili (m)zee 'old person'
Egyptian sa 'man'
Manding si,se 'descendant,posterity,family'
Azer se 'individual, person'
Obenga (1978) also illustrated the unity between the verbs 'to come, to be, to arrive':
Language
Egyptian ii, ey Samo, Loma dye
Mbosi yaa Bisa gye
Sidama/Omo wa Wolof nyeu
Caffino wa Peul yah, yade
Yoruba wa Fonge wa
Bini ya Mpongwe bya
Manding ya,dya Swahili (Ku)ya
between t =/= d, highlight the alternation patterns of many Paleo-African consonants including b =/= p, l =/= r ,and
g =/= k.
The Egyptian term for grain is 0 sa #. This corresponds to many African terms for seed,grain:
Galla senyi
Malinke se , si
Sumerian se
Egyptian sen 'granary'
Kannanda cigur
Bozo sii
Bambara sii
Daba sisin
Somali sinni
Loma sii
Susu sansi
Oromo sanyi
Dime siimu
Egyptian ssr 'corn'
id. ssn 'lotus plant'
id. sm 'herb, plant'
id. isw 'weeds'
In conclusion, Diop has done much to encourage the African recovery of their history. His theories on linguistics has inspired many African scholars to explain and elaborate the African role in the history of Africa and the world. This has made his work important to our understanding of the role of Black people in History.
REFERENCES
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