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Great etymology thread DD eDeN, I will be so happy if the name of the princess and continent Europa come from Yoruba. according to Catherine Acholonu the name of the continent of Africa come from the God Afra, the name of the Biaffra/ Bi Afra region of Nigeria and the Afar people also come from the God Afra.
According to Michael Tsarion the name of the Iberian peninsula, Iberia in the Caucasus and Hibernia in Ireland( God Eri land) come from Ibaru, Hibaru/Hebrew (H mean the,Hebrew is the Ibaru)the title of the Egyptian stellar priests and their language. The word Rabbi is Ibaru in reverse.I think Ibaru could be also Ibo ru meaning Ibo lion our Ibo sun.
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Its hard to tell the direction of words, did Europe come from Yoruba or Yoruba from Europa, or maybe both came from earlier sound (princess story?), I try to see the likely older form.
Usually P becomes F (Semitic, Japanese), so I think Apr/Apl is older sound than Afr, though that might not be true of Central/West African languages.
I recall O-piru as priests (Egypt?) related to waterside temples.
I have found something of interest: when O is added to paleo keyword !Xyambuatl (water chamber) it becomes OXyambuatl = OCeanboat(er), O = eau (French: water) X = sh (Anc Egypt: basin/sea) yam = yam (Hebrew: basin/sea) buat = boat/vase(l) (English)
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the words for lion in Hebrew are ariel and labbi, ariel = au.rey.El = dawn/tawny/yellow/sun/fiery/orange-oriole/arimao(M:tiger)
labbi ~ tabby(English) ~ rabbi(t) ~ keleb/v(Heb/Arab) yellowred dog of desert
The term Aten(Egyp solar disk) ~ Adonai(Heb) ~ atimwa(AmerInd Cree): sleddog from original yellow-red coat (cf dingo, ari Khoi hunting dog, Carolina dingo) ~ komatim(Eskimo) dogsled
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kalahari kala + (h) + ari (reddish yellow-orange) = (X)apahari ? - - -
Note: wbn(AEg) claimed to be shine(German book) or rise(Italian book.), both mostly incorrect, wbn is woven/webbed dome that "Re/Ray-flected" both sun's ray and cloud's rain, flect is from peel-off/played-out(eg. gold mine) = fleece/pelt - - -
Note: "words such as 'eina' (ouch) and 'aikhona' (absolutely not)." (Khoisan thread:Ju'Hoansi) cf Japanese ouch: itai! cf Japanese hot!: atsui! atchi! cf Malay hot!: panas! cf Malay toothache: gigi (s/c)akit! cf Malay not: bukan
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from Israel's debt to Egypt thread, comment by mena7: posted 27 November, 2014 01:35 AM
" My point of view is the Hebrew (Ibaru, Ibo ru name of Egyptian stellar priest and their language)religion is the Atonist religion of Akhenaton mixed with the Canaanite religion. The Hebrew 10 commandments derived from the Egyptian 42 commandments. According to Jewish psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud Pharaoh Akhenaton was Moses. According to Mustapha Gadalla the Hebrew had a city name malawy or Mal Levy meaning city of the Levite near Akhetaton the capital city of Akhenaton."
"According to Doctor Charles Finch all of the names of the people in the bible derived from Ancient Egyptian names. According to Catherine Acholonu the INRI title on top of Jesus cross in the bible story is probably a code word for the Igbo Nri ( I NRI) priesthood." - - -
(very interesting. To me Akhenaton was linked to Moses, but uncertain how.)
CL claims Iberia from Iueli/(Ibveli) powerful
aten/atimwa(Cree) animals that pull (cf jackals that pulled chariot of sun/god/anthony during night) = team
copper(tone) = xyambuatlaya = sky em/um/am.ber cypress/cupressus(acid/papyrus)/**cyp.ari.s/cypher(yell.och.red ink strokes?/q/gufa/kuphos(Gk)cup/coverskinvellum)(=ari)/Cyprus caber(Gael/Celt:carry pole + toss) cyparis ~ sybilene/kybellus? *ndjwumbelly/pregn/embarazado/bear=bell.t=build=upbigged(Gael):boat/bowed building)/[swell=bloom=mabul(H)]glow from mongolu(Mb) dome
Siberia? Xya/(Si)/(k'a)(mb/b/p/f)eri(c)a =steppe?
Ludger Sylbaris (born circa 1875 - died circa 1929), born either August Cyparis or Louis-Auguste Cyparis, was an Afro-Caribbean man who travelled with the Barnum & Bailey circus. He had become something of an early 20th-century celebrity for being the only survivor in the town itself of the devastating volcanic eruption of Mt. Pelée on the French-Caribbean island of Martinique on the 8 May 1902. This same eruption completely flattened an entire city, the "Paris of the West Indies", St. Pierre, and killed an estimated 30-40,000 people.
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- - - the words for lion in Hebrew are ariel and labbi, ariel = au.rey.El = dawn/tawny/yellow/sun/fiery/orange-oriole/arimao(M:tiger)
labbi ~ tabby(English) ~ rabbi(t) ~ keleb/v(Heb/Arab) yellowred dog of desert
The term Aten(Egyp solar disk) ~ Adonai(Heb) ~ atimwa(AmerInd Cree): sleddog from original yellow-red coat (cf dingo, ari Khoi hunting dog, Carolina dingo) ~ komatim(Eskimo) dogsled
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Flint tool burning Israel cave 350ka (who taught them to burn flint?)
No word in Proto-Indo-European for Tiger
Teeth extractors brought rice cult. to Japan/SEAsia - - -
Why burn flint? No precedent, so slow development of tool hardening.
But smoke as insect incense/insecticide would have been noticed early.
Outside dome hut but in camp area...camp(fire) (gr/b)oundary = Xy.ambuatlaya = apa ra(Mbuti)
Caves BAD for fires: asphyxiation/Sphynx(Gk)
Khoesan keep fire at doorway, pygmies keep it outside except in rain, smudgepot/steampunk?
- - -
In layers >350 ka, almost none of the flints are burned. But in every layer after that, many flints show signs of exposure to fire: red or black coloration, cracking, small round depressions where fragments known as pot lids flaked off from the stone. Wildfires are rare in caves, so the fires that burned the Tabun flints were probably controlled by ancestral humans, according to the authors.
Wrangham calls the finds "exciting", but is not convinced by the sequence at this single site. The earliest inhabitants may have used the cave in different ways, such as to gather materials or butcher animals, saving their cooking for open-air sites: "We clearly need more information."
Wrangham & Shimelmitz agree that whenever it arrived, fire gave ancestral humans tremendous advantages: cooking, warmth, light & safety from predators. [parasites?!?!]
No word root for Tiger in PIE? arimao(Malay) tiger = atimwa(Cree/Eskimo) sleddog(orig. yellow-red color = Ari(Khoe)/Ariel(H)/Leo/Oleo/Helios/Eloi/Kelebv); simba(Swah) lion = amba(Nanai) tiger - - -
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sepupu(Malay) cousin ~ sepuku(Jap) umbil cord cut (suicide rebirth ritual) ~ cipapu(Hopi) wombhole/umbilicus/umbelly in floor of kiva ~ kippa(Heb) skullcap ~ qufa(Tigris) hullcup/corwycl - kuphos(Gk) cup) cipactli(Aztec) scribe/scribal ~ ts'ib(Maya) scribe/scribal ~ xy(a/m)mamanwa(Philp Denisovan) =(xy(a/m))papua ~Zimbabwe (circular stone tower of (Jericho?) Great Zimbabwe) ~ Tower of Babel? ~ Biblos/bible/scribal/tribal
cousin/kin(d)/kinder/interest/nestegg(keep a ceramic egg under a laying hen so she will return to it and keep laying there rather than moving to better spot = investment/inuest?)
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Kennewick Man, Naia (Yucatan, Mexico) came via Siberia / Beringea
"Chatters, the man who kicked up that storm, changed his mind after studying the 13,000-year-old skeleton of a young girl discovered in an underwater cave in Mexico. As with Kennewick Man and other remains of the earliest prehistoric Americans, the shape of the girl’s skull was unusual. But DNA analysis proved that she shared a common ancestry with modern Native Americans, originating with the people who migrated into the land mass called Beringia beginning about 15,000 years ago."
“The result from Kennewick is the same one we’re getting from the other early individuals,” Chatters said. “It’s what I expected.”
Attempts to extract DNA from Kennewick Man’s bones in the late 1990s failed. But the technology has advanced so much since then that researchers recently succeeded in analyzing the genome of a 130,000-year-old Neanderthal from a single toe bone.
Willerslev’s Danish lab is a world leader in ancient DNA analysis. Last year, he and his colleagues reported the genome of the so-called Anzick boy, an infant buried 12,600 years ago in Montana. He, too, was a direct ancestor of modern Native Americans and a descendant of people from Beringia.
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xy (Anc Egyptian) basin mh (Anc Egyptian) fill xy(a)mh ? xyambuatl ocean/eau.xy.am/sea yam elah (Heb) = Sea mother proto-El.oi.him yam (Mongol) coast to coast mail camatl (Aztec) yam camotl (Aztec) mouth atl (Aztec) water
*xyambuatlaya Sky/bottle/area; Chamber water Ca.Mbo.dia basin Co.Mbo.undary Co.Mbuangualua camp kom (Dutch) cup/bowl/basin komatim (Eskimo) dog sled from pulled boat
By Dead: " It is pretty foolish to argue the ancient Jews were "black" when they describe themselves in their old literature. The Jews contrasted themselves to the white Germani and black Aethiops, so they regarded themselves to have an 'intermediate' complexion. This is not surprising given their latitude.
Rabbi, R. Ishmael, c. 120 AD said: "The sons of Israel are like boxwood, neither black nor white but between the two."
Note: The Dead Sea is very unusual, because the harsh sunlight common in the Middle East is blocked due to evaporation & ozone of the low/ deep basin of the Dead Sea, including extremely low Ultra Violet light. The single place on Earth that tropical albinos would probably do extraordinary well would be at Ein Gede oasis there.
Light/fair/white skin would be expected to develop and be sustained there due to both lack of UV and benefit of camouflage , since the shore region is encrusted with white mineral salts, similar to snow. Recall the bible passage that Lot's wife turned into a pillar of salt.
This perhaps explains the 'Leprosy' noted by alTakruri:
"The Torah of Moshe extensively details laws of leprosy (which trait ties in with the Egyptians' account). Biblical leprosy wasn't Hanson's disease but an affliction which in humans turns the skin pale and the hair yellow or white. Lepers who turned pale from head to foot could pass the trait on to their descendents and were not considered impure by Torah law." http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=009156;p=1#000001
Agade : An initial {a}, in Akkadian, means "I" example: ktm = to cover, a.ktm = I cover In Arabic, aktum = I cover
Ain(Ein) Gede oasis near Qumran/Masada/Red Sea 50 miles South of Jerusalem The name Ein Gedi is composed of two Hebrew/Arab words: ein: spring; gdi: goat-kid. (see bottom)
Were Agade and Ain Gede linked in some manner?
A legend of Attila the Hun: "According to the Miholjanec legend, Stephen V of Hungary had in front of his tent a golden plate with the inscription: "Attila, the son of Bendeuci, grandson of the great Nimrod, born at Ein Gedi: By the Grace of God King of the Huns, Medes, Goths, Dacians, the horrors of the world and the scourge of God." " wiki
◾Compare the top picture upper center person kneeling (or 2nd picture, upper right person kneeling), with the little boy at 4:08 in this Youtube video:
The leg/arm/body form seems to match much better than anyone else I've seen.
Comments on possibility that some Hebrews in Mesopotamia were Congo pygmy emigrants? Note that Agade is a community in Nigeria, not far from the Cross River area. Are there Akka/Baka/Bacola/Mbaka people in that area?
response of the lioness, "This assumes these various Nubians or people of the Southern lands, Sudan, Ethiopia, Lower Nubia, The Red Sea region, all dressed exactly the same. Was this one big empire? Or did the artist not know and make everybody a Kushite? "
IMO Sudd / Sudan / Dan / Nubia / Danube / Jordan / Dardanelles / Hellespont / Punt were all linked.
Su.Da.Nu.Bia Sudd Anu, Georg Anu, D'arD Anu Xyambuatlaya ~ Sh.anu.tolia ~ Ate.n/Akhtenaton
Shamash(Sum) sky god She (Chinese) Sky god Te(nger) (Mongol) sky god Terang(Malay) clear sky Aten(Egpt) solar disc Adonai(Hebrew) god
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Meri Anu looks like Mary Anne. Some people say the Mary in the Bible come from Meri Isis meaning happy Isis the Egyptian mother Goddess. The book Genesis of the bible is Gen Isis the gene of Isis. Church father Origen name mean Ori Gen born of Oris/Horus, probably the source of the word origin. Jewish leader Moses in French is Moise that mean Mo Ise/Isi son of Isis/Isi/Ese. Jesus name in Arabia is Issa probably meaning Isi Sa son of Isi/Isis.
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Perhaps gene=vagin=begin/genera=kin.der/dle)/clan/clal(H) note: kindle/candle/qidlic(Eskimo) seal oil lamp in igloo)
I recalled belatedly:
Mari Anu: mercenary charioteers around Levant/Anatolia. (linked to the city of Mari on Euphrates?)
Isa in Malay is Jesus/Iesu. - - -
Victoria Falls, or Mosi-oa-Tunya (Tokaleya Tonga: the Smoke that Thunders), is a waterfall in southern Africa on the Zambezi River at the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe.
mosi = smokey/misty/musty/moat/mortar/mor(t)al/mote(dust)/smudge(pot)/mosquito/insect/(frank)incense/mould/mel(d/t)/molt(shed-change skin-snake/naga/mo.naga.lu/mongolu(Mbuti dome hut= mom.encoil)~ Shamash/Mesh/Mex/(K)MT/Chemist/madhunnig(Hind):honeymead/mad=mast(Persian) drunk
The area around Zimbabwe/Zambia/Limpopo is apparently a major portal of ancient humans, linked to the Great Rift Valley which runs through the Red Sea to Anatolia.
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The Ancient Egyptian religion was universel because of that Egyptian words and names are found all over the world. Many USA states have Ancient Egyptian names they have inherited from the Native Americans. The state of Tennessee name is Ten Ese/Isi meaning land of Goddess Ese/Isi/Isis. According to Frank Joseph an Ancient Egyptian temple was discovered under a Native American temple. The state of Mississipi name mean M Issi Cipi the Cipi of Goddess Issi/Ese/Isis. The state of Missouri name is Mesu Ra/Re/Ri meaning born of Ra. The state Arizona mean Zone of the Ari aka Kab Ari/Phoenician/Canaanite. Alaska is Al Aska meaning great land, Alabama is Ala bama meaning God Ala is here. Thhe Island of Manhattan is the God Min and Aten. The Island of Manhattan have a phallic shape. The Island of Manhattan remind me of the Ancient Island of Alexandria in Egypt.
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The word King who is the title of European monarchs come from the Kikongo word Kingi/Kengi meaning the guardian and the shepperd that's why Kings and Popes carry the shepperd crook. The Kingdom of Kongo name come from the Kikongo Kanga, Kingi and the Languala Kenguela meaning the guardian, the shepperd. The Sumerians called themselves N kengi/Kengi meaning the shepperds.
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I always look back to the tropical rainforest Pygmy roots of human languages, to find connections between languages/dialects.
Although I think the Garden of Eden and Noahs Ark occurred in the Black Sea area; I think the Tower of Babel refers to Africa, and was originally the Mother Tree ~ Mbokho/Mbabwe?
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"Latin word, niger, "black", which itself is probably from a Proto-Indo-European root *nekw-, "to be dark", akin to *nokw-, "night"." (WIKI)" kdolo
dark: "Suomi(Finn.), Saame(Lapp) and Häme(?) is similar to Sanskrit: Shyama" (Eurogenes comment by Nirhjar...uncertain if accurate)
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shiboleth(H) xybuatl/sybele/skipper...a head/skull/cephalic/kepala(M)/ce palli(N) of grain seeds ... river ca(ptain/bin) & script much later than wild grain harvesting
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Rainforest canopy=topan(Bantu)=hutan(Malay)=kufa(Arab)cup.boat=kuphos(Greek) cup ~ endumonguolu(MButi)undercover/cupover/comeover(cupt)/overcome
a.u.Rah.t(Arab) ~ zone of hair/fur/glow/co-fur/c.o-ver = xy.uambuatla/sky.bound/šny(Egypt) hair
ra.mb.utan(Malay) hairy fruit rambut(Malay) hair
xyambuatlaya = transition from rainforest outwards
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"... you are right. once we leave the forest we are no longer Bantu=topan(reversal)=above us, god of Milmo, the forest. [molimo (Mbuti) mong.herald]
On the plains, where there are fewer places to hide, the theatre of imaginary religion begins, or the atlamati/adam, to think we have the protection of a superior being produced by the fibrillation of fear, the great stimulator of thought, the grandmother of coffee. " CL @ pers. corresp.
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" yana(Aztec)=protect oneself fm the rain(hood/sealskin)=yani(N)=pilgrim,=airyana/aryan
yes, you're right, the Alans=alaua/oalauh settled in the Azov/Caspian area, and there were fresh water seals there. they were highly prized & praised as mercenaries " CL @ pers. corresp.)
Interesting! also perhaps Marianu(charioteers of Aram/Anatol) & Aryans (of India)?
Oannes Oasis/Johannes/Jonah... belly of a whale/fish/seal/shekel?
2 Yana Rivers in NE Siberia had H tools...cf Tana/DarDanelles/Dan..
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a note for ref. re. ein gedi / agade / synop site in Er Rabbah, Jordan (*see bottom note), possibly the same place as Kiriath raba? http://www.topverses.com/Bible/Joshua/15/60
Jim Stinehart, scholar of Patriarchical narratives in Old Testament bible: " Each of Joshua 14: 15, Judges 1: 10 and Joshua 15: 13 tells us that Hebron’s former name was Kiriath Arba.
And as to Hurrian names, here’s Joshua 14: 6, 13: “Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenezite. …And Joshua blessed him, and gave unto Caleb the son of Jephunneh Hebron for an inheritance.” Caleb and Jephunneh and Kenezite and Hebron, and Arba as well, may all be Hurrian names. In addition, the Bible tells us over and over that Hebron and/or Kiriath Arba is associated with various Hurrian-sounding names of the Anakim.
Moreover, “Caleb”/KLB, which may well be KL-B, looks suspiciously like the Amarna Letters name of the city of Hebron: Qiltu, which is probably QL-T. Q and K are indistinguishable in Hurrian. –T is a standard ending [both in Hurrian and west Semitic], and –B can be a suffix in Hurrian.
The story may have gotten mixed up over time. Originally, Rubutu/Kiriath Arba/Beth Shemesh was dominated by Hurrian princelings Tagi and Shuwardata in the Amarna Letters, being a Hurrian city in the eastern Shephelah. X-BR-W-N was a Patriarchal pet nickname for the eastern Shephelah, with RB-T [Rubutu/Kiriath Arbe, all of which feature R-B] being an older name of a place in the eastern Shephelah. So historically, RB-T/Kiriath Arba was indeed the former name of the place later called X-BR-W-N, although historically, that place was the Shephelah, not the city northwest of the Judean Desert. " - - - DD'eDeN: "Jerusalem is not within the Dead Sea Region re. UV/White background, it is on a hilly plateau 2,500ft.
Ein Gedde oasis is within the Dead Sea Region.
The weather map UV chart for Ein Gedi says 9, however the data is actually from Er Rabbah, Jordan, elevation 3,020ft ., not Ein Gedi oasis which is approximately at Dead Sea shore level: -1,407 feet (-429.00 meters)." - - -
arba ~ rabbah
"Kiriath-Jearim (, , Latin: Cariathiarim) "city of woods" - was a city in the Land of Israel mentioned 18 times in the Hebrew Bible. It was also referenced by the names Kiriath-Ba'al, Ba'alah and Ba'ale-Judah."wiki
mabul(Heb) swell/bloom/totemblom magal(Basque) protect/shield(seal/ceiling/child) mo\agen David(Heb) starshield of David Monguolu(Mbuti) dome woven hut/guolu/cover.n
Kiriath Arba = city/site/settlement of Arba/4th day Rabu(Malay)/Four = quatro(Span)/empat(Malay)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiriath-Jearim
Kiriath-Jearim (קִרְיַת-יְעָרִים, Ancient Greek: Καριαθιαριμ, Latin: Cariathiarim) "city of woods" - was a city in the Land of Israel ... Tel Qiryat Ye'arim - city of thickets
plausible that Hebron was the crossroads of major routes (Egypt-Babylon inland / Egypt-Anatolia coastal)
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I hoped that Pueblo "tablita" was a native word, but it seems to be a Spanish imported term (=tablet) to describe the headdresses worn by Pueblo girls at dance ceremonies.
The feathers represent clouds, I'd guess the stepped pyramid form relates to Aztec pyramids. - - - tablet table steppe tepe tell(Arab: hill) steeple
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[Note: The Black Sea Deluge occurred about 7,700 years ago (7.7ka), pushing semi-isolated populations outward in all directions. DD]
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How Europeans evolved white skin
Ann Gibbons 2.4.15 Science
Most of us think of Europe as the ancestral home of white people. A new study shows that pale skin, tallness & the ability to digest milk as adults arrived in most of Europe rel.recently. The work (AAPA) offers dramatic evidence of recent evolution in Europe, it shows that most modern Europeans don't look much like those of 8 ka.
In the past year, researchers have sequenced the genomes of ancient populations, rather than only a few individuals. By comparing key parts of the DNA across the genomes of 83 ancient individuals from archaeological sites throughout Europe, they reported earlier this year that Europeans today are a mix of the blending of at least 3 ancient populations of hunter-gatherers & farmers who moved into Europe in separate migrations over the past 8 ka. The study revealed that a massive migration of Yamnaya herders from the steppes north of the Black Sea may have brought Indo-European languages to Europe c 4.5 ka. <http://news.sciencemag.org/archaeology/2015/02/mysterious-indo-european-ho meland-may-have-been-steppes-ukraine-and-russia>
Now, a new study from the same team drills down further to search for genes that were under strong natural selection, including traits that spread rapidly throughout Europe in the past 8 ka. By comparing the ancient European genomes with those of recent ones from the 1000 Genomes Project, Iain Mathieson found 5 genes associated with changes in diet & skin pigmentation that underwent strong natural selection. The scientists confirmed an earlier report that the H/Gs hunter-gatherers in Europe could not digest the sugars in milk 8 ka. They also noted an interesting twist: the first farmers also couldn't digest milk. The farmers who came from the Near East c 7.8 ka & the Yamnaya pastoralists who came from the steppes 4.8 ka lacked the version of the LCT gene that allows adults to digest sugars in milk. It wasn't until c 4.3 ka that lactose tolerance swept through Europe.
When it comes to skin color, the team found a patchwork of evolution in different places, and 3 separate genes that produce light skin, telling a complex story for how Europeans' skin evolved to be much lighter during the past 8 ka. Hs who came out of Africa to originally settle Europe c 40 ka are presumed to have had dark skin, which is advantageous in sunny latitudes. The new data confirm that c 8.5 ka, early H/Gs in Spain, Luxembourg & Hungary also had darker skin: They lacked versions of 2 genes (SLC24A5 & SLC45A2- that lead to depigmentation in Europeans today.
But in the far north (where low light levels would favor pale skin) the team found a different picture in H/Gs: 7 people from S-Sweden (Motala 7.7 ka) had both light skin gene variants, SLC24A5 & SLC45A2. They also had a 3d gene (HERC2/OCA2) which causes blue eyes, and may also contribute to light skin & blond hair. Thus ancient H/Gs of the far north were already pale & blue-eyed, but those of C- & S-Europe had darker skin.
Then, the first farmers from the Near East arrived in Europe; They carried both genes for light skin. As they interbred with the indigenous H/Gs, one of their light-skin genes swept through Europe, so that C- & S-Europeans also began to have lighter skin. The other gene variant (SLC45A2) was at low levels until c 5.8 ka, when it swept up to high frequency.
The team also tracked complex traits, such as height, which are the result of the interaction of many genes. They found that selection strongly favored several gene variants for tallness in N- & C-Europeans, starting 8 ka, with a boost coming from the Yamnaya migration, starting 4.8 ka. The Yamnaya have the greatest genetic potential for being tall of any of the populations, which is consistent with measurements of their ancient skeletons.
In contrast, selection favored shorter people in Italy & Spain starting 8ka.
[Note: short people are the original phenotype, tall people evolved due to selection for open areas, longer strides (less mechanical energy per pace) in coordination with longer lower limb pendulum effect. (cf Okapi vs giraffes, forest elephant vs savanna elephant, forest antelope vs plains antelope, etc.) DD]
<http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/03/13/016477> Spaniards, in particular, shrank in stature 6 ka, perhaps as a result of adapting to colder Tps & a poor diet.
The team found no immune genes under intense selection, which is counter to hypotheses that diseases would have increased after the development of agriculture. The paper doesn't specify why these genes might have been under such strong selection. But the likely explanation for the pigmentation genes is to maximize vitamin D synthesis. <http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6212/934.summary?sid=91e8ebfd-8581-4 bd7-bac5-26dc16bf5a87>, Nina Jablonski looked at the poster's results at the meeting. People living in northern latitudes often don't get enough UV to synthesize vitamin D in their skin, so natural selection has favored 2 genetic solutions to that problem: - evolving pale skin that absorbs UV more efficiently, - or favoring lactose tolerance to be able to digest the sugars & vitamin D naturally found in milk: "What we thought was a fairly simple picture of the emergence of depigmented skin in Europe is an exciting patchwork of selection as populations disperse into northern latitudes. This data shows how much recent evolution has taken place."
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[M Verhaegen @ AAT] "I just sent this comment:
Very interesting article, thanks a lot. I have 2 comments. 1) There are a lot of possible 'explanations' for skin color in humans: it is thought that melanin (& pheo-melanin?) hinders production of folic acid & of vit.D (although we get most vit.D from eating fish etc.), melanin hinders proliferation of bacteria (cf. more pigment in genital skin, darker nipples during pregnancy & lactation), and is thought to protect against skin cancer (although patients treated for psoriasis with PUVA get more skin cancer on their genitals than elsewhere), but the simplest explanation (+ anti-bacterial?) is that, like fur color in most mammals, human skin color makes more invisible against the background (camouflage theory of Raymond Cowles), cf white polar bears, grey grizzleys, brown bears in temperate climate, black bear in (sub)tropical forests. KhoiSan (Kalahari), Berbers (Sahel) & Austr.aboriginals are brown, much lighter than tropical Africans. In Europe, Scandinavians are pale but tan in summer (even get counter-shadow), Brits in sunlit forest are reddish & have freckles (pheo-melanin), Medit.people are darker etc. Gorillas on the forest floor are black, but orangs higher in the trees are reddish etc. 2) On linguistic grounds (Dutch 'tooi' (ornament) is etymologically derived from 'touw' (cord)) I proposed (1997 in Dutch) that the corded beaker people might have spoken an Indo-European language, possibly Germanic (which fits the geographical distribution). The Yamnaya seem to have adopted an IE language, possibly Germanic: this might explain the creolisation we see in proto-Germanic. If the Yamnaya were light-colored & very tall (see Ann Gibbons' article), this fits my idea they adopted proto-Germanic. The distribution of Yamnaya genes outside the Germanic-speaking regions of Europe can be explained by the mass migrations 3d-5th centuries."
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Comment by somitc @ AAT:
"Doesn't explain why Asians and American Indians that received the same sunlight as Europeans are not as light skinned as Europeans.
One speculation that I read claimed the cause was the Gulf Stream starting in the U.S. Mississippi River. The Gulf Stream keeps Europe warm enough to grow folic acid depleting foods like wheat so early Europeans needed more sunlight to get through their skin to compensate. Having the same sunlight as American Indians and Asians meant that lighter skin was needed.
I'm no expert in any area but suspect that many people being far from the ocean also meant that more vitamin D had to come from the sun instead of from ocean food or lighter skin was needed to convert some vitamin A to vitamin D."
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comment by christianengelbrecht@AAT
"Populations inhabiting the same lattitude don't necessarily receive the same degree of solar radiation across the generations. Another factor to consider besides same lattitude is degree of terrestrial vegetation, which can shield much of the sun. Ie. if a region is more dominated by woodland, e.g. the tundra to temperate forests of C Europe, Scandinavia, the Baltic and Russia, these populations (case in point, Russians, Finns, Baltic and Scandinavian peoples are traditionally the palest of ethnicities) would've gotten paler in those regions than, say, the more open Asian and American plains, plus the ice covered polar regions with almost no vegetation. Therefore e.g. E Asian Turkish, Inuit, Samoyedic, Amerindian peoples, etc. would be darker by comparison, even though they would've adapted at similar lattitudes."
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"Wheat may or may not get "enough Vit D" itself, but it for sure interferes with Vit D absorption. In a way that rice doesn't. There are all kinds of examples where people ... even people like the Egyptians living in a REALLY SUNNY country ... start having Vit D issues when they switch to wheat as a staple.
It is kind of a question why Europebecame "ground zero" for wheat consumption, but part if it is the climate. Wheat will grow in cold weather.
The same thing happened in the US. Most of the northern states standardized on wheat as their staple crop, because it grew in winter. The southern states grew more rice and sweet potatoes.
Egypt though, is a hot climate that still grows wheat well. Maybe because it is drier?"
A story of a family of South India farmers; a few pages of the story cover the birth, infancy and childhood of the grandson, who is born with pink eyes and white skin. He is excluded from village kids games, largely due to hazard of skin sunburn.
"I also kind of wonder if the cave people really WERE dark. Yes, the men in the paintings were dark. But also, the paintings were likely symbolic, and the men could have also been gods or spirits. The people in the pictures were also naked, but the cave people had clothes, and the climate was awfully cold for running around naked. Also in the pictures are beings that are colored with white pigment, though they don't seem very human.
Now, for the Neanderthals, they have DNA. And apparently the DNA shows that the Neanderthals were light-skinned and red-haired. Also a bit chunky, though how they figured that I'm not sure (you can tell something about fatness from bones I think). Do they have DNA for the cave people?
Seems like they do, but they ones I found are of lineages that are ancestors of non-Europeans, oddly enough.
The other odd thing is that the cave people made pictures (presumably of themselves) cartoon form. These are oddly modern in look. But whatever color their skin is, the drawings are clearly NOT negroid. They do not have curly hair nor flat wide noses. In fact, the noses are more like a probiscus monkey than like a modern European's.
Also, the drawings clearly show women as being quite fat. ..................
But then, just to make it more interesting ... it looks as though perhaps the "light skin gene" actually was imported into Europe from somewhere near India and the Middle East! Which makes you wonder. Certainly there is no lack of sun there. It IS around the area where wheat cultivation started though. http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-29213892
And blue eyes may have originated totally separately, and maybe in Europe. This guy looks more like the sketches of the cave dwellers. Maybe the blue eyes were more of a darkness adaptation:
Blue eyes see better in the dark than brown eyes, but have a harder time in bright light. So people who lived in caves for tens of thousands of years ... blue eyes makes sense! "
The term "Nigger" means exactly the same, dome hut interior, based on paleo-etymology, equivalent of saying "Homey" (endumonguolu = nd.huom.nguolu ~ intr.home.holy)
Maybe nobody on Earth knows this, or cares. But its at the root of human language, far more ancient than the pyramids of Egypt or Stonehenge.
I've been called Nigger twice, by a white red-bearded hick in San Diego, and a black dread-headed dude in Miami. Just another nickname, I've earned many, in many tongues.
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Note: compare Senaga river to (Sanskrit/Hindi) Naga/snake, and Agade(Nigerian/Akkadian) to Ein Gedi(Hebrew oasis), and Fang to (Aztec) Pac. - - -
(from Mena's thread)
Who Are the Fang People?
One of the main Bantu tribes in central Africa is represented by the Fangs, who inhabit Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon and Gabon. The Fangs came from Nigeria recently, during the Bantu expansion. Fang legends speak about terrible battles their ancestors fought against warriors covered by long clothes and riding horses. The legends say that the Fang people were expelled from their former territories by red giants; fleeing from them, they reached a river they could not cross, but an enormous snake formed an arch with its body and family after family could move to the other bank.
But a woman killed the snake and the other Fangs could not cross the river.The legends bear a beat of truth: the Fangs were forced out of Nigeria by the Islamized tribes of Hausa, which wear long clothes and are skilled riders; on their way, the Fangs had to cross the Sanaga River, which poses serious difficulties, and one Fang fraction, the Beti, still live on the other bank of the river. The Fangs came from a savanna area and had to adapt to the rain forest.
The Fang population live on a plateau having an average altitude of 600 m (2,000 ft), separated from the coast by a chain of low mountains. The clime has two seasons: wet and dry. The forest is made of giant trees, including ebony, mahogany, okoume, bamboo and others.
Fang villages are located in forest clearings. They consist in a small number of huts made of trunks, branches and straw; the roof is conic or in two slopes and the greatest part of the daily activity (cooking, cereal grinding, banana paste making in large mortars) is performed outside, as the interior of the huts is dark, small, badly aerated and it is only used for sleeping sheltered against rains.
In a thickly wooded area in southwestern Gabon, the increasing iboga (scientifically «Tabernanthe iboga») - the cult psychedelic plant of Equatorial Africa. This shrub with yellow flowers, resembling coffee, was officially declared a national treasure of Gabon. The iboga grows, in addition to Gabon and southern Cameroon, and in the mainland of Equatorial Guinea. A cult of Aborigines practiced it - Pygmies, since a long time ago. -------------------------------------------------
The Fang people moved from Nigeria open lands to small openings in rainforest of Gabon, they have typical Bantu traits - conical huts, farming etc.
Fang(Bantu tribe) = Pac (Aztec good health prefix)
Fang = pac(Aztec prefix), pacalli(Aztec) pharmacy, pachichiua (Aztec) to make medicines, pacholiztli (Aztec) to construct, pachiui (Aztec) to sate/satisfy, pachiuia (Aztec) keep watch.
Agade(name of a village in Nigeria) = good health (Sanskrit) = *Ein Gedi, Red Sea region oasis.
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posted
jari (Norse) dwarf jari (Malay) finger/thumb
tandlima (Eskimo) hand/antler tangan lima (Malay) - hand 5 lau lima (Hawaiian) - many hands (paddle together)
KheMeT/eGeBT/Xyambuat = sun-bound? Shamash (Akkad.) Sun god Shema (Hebrew) morning prayer Shaman (Siberian) priestly caste CoShen (Hebrew) priestly caste
Xy = sky/shine but also = co/god/to(gether)
totem/baal/mabul emblem/wombelly
Baal - house-post gods of Canaan Bel - sun god of Babylon Utu - sun god of Sumer Shamash - sun god of Akkad shamash (H) lighter candle to light menorah
She Mut (Chin) sun to shine
She (Chin) sun = Aten/Tengeri(Mongol)/Adonai
Mut (Chin) to shine
Mul (Chaldean) to shine
Shema(H) morning prayer
Ha Shem(H) the name (god, sun)
Xyambuatla(u/y)a Jambalaya pray/eat meal together around campfire
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Our prehistoric forebears are often portrayed as spear-wielding savages, but the earliest human societies are likely to have been founded on enlightened egalitarian principles, according to scientists.
A study has shown that in contemporary hunter-gatherer tribes, men and women tend to have equal influence on where their group lives and who they live with. The findings challenge the idea that sexual equality is a recent invention, suggesting that it has been the norm for humans for most of our evolutionary history.
Mark Dyble, an anthropologist who led the study at University College London, said: “There is still this wider perception that hunter-gatherers are more macho or male-dominated. We’d argue it was only with the emergence of agriculture, when people could start to accumulate resources, that inequality emerged.” - - Yes. Agriculture changed the game, males stored-defended community grain for next season's seed not allowing anyone to eat it.
Before this, yams were gardened, with chunks replanted immediately to regrow, so females always had shared power, being the food gatherers/storers.
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