Scotland is a country that occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain and forms part of the United Kingdom. The name of Scotland is derived from the Greek Scotos, the term applied to Gaels. The word Scoti (or Scotti) means dark because of the mist.It is found in Latin texts from the fourth century describing a tribe which sailed from Ireland to raid Roman Britain. It came to be applied to all the Gaels. It is not believed that any Gaelic groups called themselves Scoti in ancient times, except when writing in Latin. Oman derives it from Scuit, proposing a meaning of 'a man cut off', suggesting that a Scuit was not a Gael as such but one of a renagade band settled in the part of Ulster which became the kingdom of Dál Riata but 'Scuit' only exists in Old Irish as 'buffoon/laughing-stock' The 19th century author Aonghas MacCoinnich of Glasgow proposed that Scoti was derived from a Gaelic ethnonym (proposed by MacCoinnich) Sgaothaich from sgaoth "swarm", plus the derivational suffix -ach (plural -aich) However, this proposal to date has not appeared in mainstream place-name studies.
The Late Latin word Scotia (land of the Scot(t)i), although initially used to refer to Ireland, by the 11th century at the latest was being used to refer to (Gaelic-speaking) Scotland north of the river Forth. Some of the earliest surviving documents to mention the word Scotland include versions of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle from Abingdon, Worcester and Laud, written during the 11th Century, which state that prior to the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066, Earl Tostig had sought refuge in Scotland under the protection of Malcolm III, King of Scots. 'Scotland' was employed alongside Albania or Albany, from the Gaelic Alba. The use of the words Scots and Scotland to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common only in the Late Middle Ages.
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Note: this thread is not trying to supply answers, it is a call for information.
The material that will be presented has mainly been filtered by Albinos. You have to then filter, and piece together, the truth from what is presented.Posts: 22721 | Registered: Oct 2005
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The Journal of a tour to the Hebrides, with Samuel Johnson. By James Boswell 1810 edition
(It should be noted that apparently all versions after 1810 and the “Project Gutenberg” version,
have all references to Blacks deleted, so care should be taken in which version you use.)
Page 64 Gory, my lord's black servant, was sent as our guide, to conduct us to the highroad. The circumstance of each of them having a black servant was another point of similarity between Johnson and Monboddo. I observed how curious it was to see an African in the north of Scotland, with little or no difference of manners from those of the natives. Dr. Johnson laughed to see Gory and Joseph riding together most cordially. "Those two fellows, (said he,) one from Africa, the other from Bohemia, seem quite at home." Bohemia = Czech Republic with its capital in Prague. Ancient Black Celts land before the Albino Slav invasion from Central Asia.
Page 121
We came to a rich green valley, comparatively speaking, and stopped a while to let our horses rest and eat grass. We soon afterwards came to Auchnasheal, a kind of rural village, a number of cottages being built together, as we saw all along in the Highlands. We passed many miles this day without seeing a house, but only little summer-huts, called shielings. Evan Campbell, servant to Mr. Murchison, fastor to the Laird of Macleod in Glenelg, ran along with us today. He was a very obliging fellow. At Auchnasheal, we sat down on a green turf-seat at the end of a house; they brought us out two wooden dishes of milk, which we tasted. One of them was frothed like a syllabub.
Page 122 We had a considerable circle about us, men, women and children, all M'Craas, (Macraes) Lord Seaforth's people. Not one of them could speak English. I observed to Dr. Johnson, it was much the same as being with a tribe of Indians. — Johnson, " Yes, sir; but not so terrifying." I gave all who chose it, snuff and tobacco. Governour Trapaud had made us buy a quantity at fort Augustus, and put them up in small parcels. I also gave each person a bit of wheat bread, which they had never tasted before. I then gave a penny apiece to each child. I told Dr. Johnson of this; upon which he called to Joseph and our guides, for change for a shilling, and declared that he would distribute among the children. Upon this being announced in Erse (Scottish Gaelic), there was a great stir. (Skip)
Page 123 There was great diversity in the faces of the circle around us: Some were as black and wild in their appearance as any American savages whatever. One woman was as comely almost as the figure of Sappho, as we see it painted.
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A Description of THE WESTERN ISLANDS of Scotland (CIRCA 1695) By Martin Martin, Gent. Including A Voyage to St. Kilda By the same author and A Description Of THE WESTERN ISLES Of Scotland By Sir Donald Monro Edited with Introduction by Donald J. Macleod, O.B.E., M.A., D. Litt., Officer d'Académie
Foreword This pre-Celtic recognition of motherhood only, shows its influence in the acceptance by the Picts, a people with some Aryan culture since they spoke a Celtic language, of the principle of matriarchy, and we have an echo of it to this day in common expressions in Gaelic, such as that of which the English equivalent is "I’ll call no man brother except the son of my mother." Various rivers, such as the Lochy, noted by as early a writer as Adamnan as the abode of the "Black Goddess" ("loch" in old Celtic means "black"), the Ness, etc., mountain tops, fords, valleys, locks and tarns were all looked upon by this earlier race as the abodes of local deities, benevolent or otherwise, and to this day one may listen to tales of water-horses, river kelpies, sprites and such like, from the lips of old people who speak Gaelic only, and who, though living in the midst of a Christian culture, are still thoroughly in touch with the traditional pagan beliefs of their earliest youth. These old people are nowadays extremely reluctant to speak of such things, and it requires much tact and the most careful approach in homely Gaelic to excite their memories and set them a-speaking. The Complexion of the Islanders of the Isle of Skye:
The inhabitants of this isle are generally well proportioned, and their complexion is for the most part black. They are not obliged to art in forming their bodies, for nature never fails to act her part bountifully to them; and perhaps there is no part of the habitable globe where so few bodily imperfections are to be seen, nor any children that go more early. I have observed several of them walk alone before they were ten months old; they are bathed all over every morning and evening, some in cold, some in warm water; but the latter is most commonly used and they wear nothing strait about them. The mother generally suckles the child, failing of which a nurse is provided, for they seldom bring up any by hand; they give new-born infants fresh butter to take away the miconium, and this they do for several days; they taste neither sugar, nor cinnamon, nor have they any daily allowance of sack bestowed on them, as the custom is elsewhere, nor is the nurse allowed to taste ale. On the north-west side of Strath lies that part of Skye called Macleod’s Country, possessed by Macleod. Genealogists say he is lineally descended from Leod, son to the Black Prince of Man. He is head of an ancient tribe. The Complexion of the Islanders of the Isle of Arran
The inhabitants of this island are composed of several tribes. The most ancient family among them is by the natives reckoned to be MacLouis, which in the ancient language signifies the son of Lewis. They own themselves to be descended of French parentage. Their surname in English is Fullerton, and their title Kirk-Mitchell, the place of their residence. If tradition be true, this little family is said to be of 700 years standing. The present possessor obliged me with the sight of his old and new charters, by which he is one of the king’s coroners within this island, and as such he hath a halbert peculiar to his office. He has his right of late from the family of Hamilton, wherein his title and perquisites of coroner are confirmed to him and his heirs. He is obliged to have three men to attend him upon all public emergencies, and he is bound by his office to pursue all malefactors and to deliver them to the steward, or in his absence to the next judge. And if any of the inhabitants refuse to pay their rents at the usual term, the coroner is bound to take him personally or to seize his goods. And if it should happen that the coroner with his retinue of three men is not sufficient to put his office in execution, then he summons all the inhabitants to concur with him; and immediately they rendezvous to the place, where he fixes his coroner’s staff. The perquisites due to the coroner are a firelet or bushel of oats and a lamb from every village in the isle, both which are punctually paid him at the ordinary terms.
The inhabitants of this isle are well proportioned, generally brown, and some of a black complexion. They enjoy a good state of health, and have a genius for all callings or employments, though they have but few mechanics. They wear the same habit with those of the nearest isles, and are very civil. They all speak the Irish language, yet the English tongue prevails on the east side, and ordinarily the ministers preach in it, and in Irish on the west side. Their ordinary asseveration is by Nale, for I did not hear any oath in the island.
The Complexion of the Islanders of the Isle of Jura
The natives here are very well proportioned, being generally black of complexion and free from bodily imperfections. They speak the Irish language, and wear the plaid, bonnet, etc., as other islanders.
The Complexion of the Islanders of the Isle of Colonsay
The inhabitants are generally well proportioned, and of a black complexion; they speak only the Irish tongue, and use the habit, diet etc., that is used in the Western Isles: they are all Protestants, and observe the festivals of Christmas, Easter, and Good Friday; but the women only observe the festival of the nativity of the blessed Virgin. Kilouran is the principal church in this isle, and the village in which this church is, hath its name from it. The Complexion of the Islanders of the Isle of Gigha
The inhabitants are all Protestants, and speak the Irish tongue generally, there being but few that speak English; they are grave and reserved in their conversation; they are accustomed not to bury on Friday; they are fair or brown in complexion, and use the same habit, diet, etc., that is made use of in the adjacent continent and isles. There is only one inn in this isle.
The Pygmies Isle (Recovered bones of Pygmies)
The Pygmies Isle or Luchraban (Martin's 'Lusbirdan') near the Butt of Lewis. It is also located on most of the early maps, such a Bleu's map of Lewis and Harris (1654), as 'Ylen Dunibeg', Eilean nan Daoine Beaga - the Island of the Little People. The English poet Collins, in an Ode of 1749, refers to the 'Herbid Isle... in whose small vaults a pigmy folk is found'.
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From the book: White People, Indians, and Highlanders: Tribal Peoples and Colonial Encounters in Scotland and America by Colin G. Calloway
Page 26
The Macleods of Dunvegan suffered huge casualties when Oliver Cromwell defeated the Scots at Worcester, and Cromwell transported hundreds of Scots prisoners as indentured servants to Virginia and the West Indies. Cromwell invaded Scotland in 1650 and 1651 and built a fort at Inverness “to preserve the peace of the country, and keep the highlands in awe, which they effectually did all his time,” wrote Daniel Defoe, who toured the region in the 1720s.
Christina Snyder review, Quote:
Calloway borrows his title from Georgia's founder James Oglethorpe, who raised a motley army of "White people, Indians, and highlanders" to fight against Spanish Floridians. In Oglethorpe's time, many Britons categorized Highland Scots and Indians as savage non-whites, pointing out that both held land communally, used kinship to structure their societies, and maintained warrior traditions. Highlanders and Indians, Calloway argues, did have much in common, but he emphasizes their parallel and sometimes convergent historical experiences rather than their seemingly similar cultures. Living at the borders of an expanding English empire, Highlanders and Indians confronted colonialism with all its variegated assaults on their autonomy, land, and culture. Calloway, the son of a Highland Scot and a renowned scholar of Native American history, is well poised to explore the tangled histories of these two groups.
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The first foreign tongue spoken by some slaves in America was Scottish Gaelic picked up from Gaelic-speakers from the Western Isles. In a North Carolina newspaper dated about 1740, an advertisement offers a generous reward for the capture and return of a runaway African slave who is described as being easy to identify because he only spoke Gaelic. In one church in Alabama the African American congregation worshiped in Gaelic as late as 1918, another indication of the extent to which the Highlanders and Islanders spread their culture, from North Carolina to Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi.
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American bluegrass and folk music styles have roots in the Appalachian ballad culture of Scottish Americans and the Scotch-Irish.
There has also been a long tradition of influences between Scottish American and African American communities. Psalm-singing and gospel music are a mainstay of African American churchgoers. The great influx of Scots Presbyterians into the Carolinas introduced African slaves to this form of worship. The style of gospel-singing was also influenced by Scottish Gaelic-speaking settlers from the Western Isles, particularly North Uist. Scottish Gaelic psalm-singing, or "precenting the line" as it is technically known, in which the psalms are called out and the congregation sings a response, was the earliest form of congregational singing adopted by Africans in America.
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This is an amazing story. Highland Scots mixed with black slaves in the eighteenth century. Their descendants kept the language for several generations.
The person who knows the most about this is Yale professor Will Ruff. An accomplished bass player who played with many great ones, including Dizzy Gillespie, who told him about his gaelic speaking grandparents. Note that Gillespie is a common Highland surname.
Professor Ruff found a church in Alabama where service took place in Gaelic until 1919! I don't think it is a coincidence that the Presbyterian church has been historically very much involved in black academic institutions in the South.
posted
Black music from Scotland? It could be the gospel truth
20:34Saturday 30 August 2003 01:00Sunday 31 August 2003
THE church elder’s reaction was one of utter disbelief. Shaking his head emphatically, he couldn’t take in what the distinguished professor from Yale University was telling him.
"No," insisted Jim McRae, an elder of the small congregation of Clearwater in Florida. "This way of worshipping comes from our slave past. It grew out of the slave experience, when we came from Africa."
But Willie Ruff, an Afro-American professor of music at Yale, was adamant - he had traced the origins of gospel music to Scotland.
The distinctive psalm singing had not been brought to America’s Deep South by African slaves but by Scottish migrs who worked as their masters and overseers, according to his painstaking research.
Ruff, 71, a renowned jazz musician who played with Duke Ellington and Dizzy Gillespie, is convinced the Florida congregation’s method of praise - called ‘presenting the line’, in which the psalms are called out and the congregation sings a response - came from the Hebrides.
Ruff explained: "They had always assumed that this form of worship had come from Africa, and why not?
"I said to him I had found evidence that it was Scottish people who brought this to the New World, but he just would not believe it. I asked him what his name was. He said McRae, and I just replied: ‘There you go’."
Psalm singing and gospel music are the backbone of the black Church in the United States, with gospel music CD sales alone worth half a billion dollars last year. Ruff’s research has massive cultural implications for Afro-Americans and alters the history of American culture.
He said: "We as black Americans have lived under a misconception. Our cultural roots are more Afro-Gaelic than Afro-American. Just look at the Harlem phone book, it’s more like the book for North Uist.
"We got our names from the slave masters, we got our religion from the slave masters and we got our blood from the slave masters.
"None of the black people in the United States are pure African. My own great great grandparents were slaves in Alabama. My grandmother’s maiden name was Robertson.
"I have been to Africa many times in search of my cultural identity, but it was in the Highlands that I found the cultural roots of black America.
"I hope to inform the perception of Afro-Americans, and what a gift that is, to give people something to go on.
One of the great tragedies of the Afro-American experience is that few can trace their families beyond the bill of sale. After that it’s vague: the name of a ship and never the port of embarkation. The watery highway that those ships took leave no trace."
Ruff added: "There are probably more descendents of the Highlands in the United States than there are in Scotland. There are a huge amount of Afro-Americans with light skin or red hair like Malcolm X. What were his origins?
"Storytelling and music are some of the best ways to document the true integration and movement of people, because the music can’t lie."
Ruff’s journey of discovery started as a child in his home Baptist church in Alabama, when he would listen to elders present the line, which predates, and was an influence on, gospel music.
"I remember this captured my imagination as a small child. The elders, some born into slavery, say the lines in unison. They were dirge-like, impassioned melodies. They were illiterate and poor, they had nothing, but they had that passion in their singing. I, like everyone else, assumed it was unique to black congregations in the United States, having grown out of slavery."
But last year, during a casual visit to the Presbyterian church in Cumberland, Alabama, Ruff stumbled on a predominantly black congregation that sang the same way as the Baptist congregation of his childhood.
"Not only were they singing the same psalms, they were singing in the same deeply profound way, with the same passion which cries out. The tears began to flow."
They believed the method of worship came from Africa, but Ruff started to ask whether white Presbyterian congregations sang in the same way.
The academic began researching at the Sterling Library at Yale, one of the world’s greatest collections of books and papers. He found records detailing how Highlanders had settled in North Carolina in the 1700s. I found evidence of slaves in North Carolina who could speak only Gaelic. I also heard the story of how a group of Hebrideans, on landing at Cape Fear, heard a Gaelic voice in the dialect of their village. When they rounded the corner they saw a black man speaking the language and assumed they too would turn that colour because of the sun. When I made these connections, I thought: ‘That’s it, I’m going to the Hebrides."
A chance meeting with James Craig, a piper with the Royal Scots, put Ruff in touch with congregations in Lewis and Donald Morrison, a leader of singing.
"When I finally met Donald, we sat down and I played him music. It was like a wonderful blind test. First I played him some psalms by white congregations, and then by a black one. He then leapt to his feet and shouted: ‘That’s us!’
"When I heard Donald and his congregation sing in Stornoway I was in no doubt there was a connection."
Yesterday, Jamie Reid-Baxter, a history research fellow at Glasgow University and a psalm expert, said: "This sounds extremely plausible because of the link to the Scottish slave-owners, who would definitely have brought that style of singing with them.
"The slaves would have heard the Scots singing like that, and both these forms of music are a way of expressing religious ecstasy. It’s an intriguing idea."
Warwick Edwards, a reader in the music department of Glasgow University, added: "Psalm singing from the Western Isles is certainly known in America. Whether you can link that up with gospel music is another matter. It’s new to me.
"One should never underestimate the longevity of these deep-down traditions. They cross oceans and people should be encouraged to investigate this further."
Ruff’s research on the integration of Highland culture into black America expands conventional wisdom on Scotland’s legacy in the southern states of America.
Although the Enlightenment, especially Francis Hutcheson’s A System of Moral Philosophy, inspired the abolitionists in both Britain and America, Scotland’s darker role in the slave trade is also well known. Scots were influential in founding the Ku Klux Klan, including the traditional Scottish symbol of the burning cross and the KKK’s oath ceremony, which originated from a Highland custom.
Ruff said: "There will be Scots who are uncomfortable with the relationship and the involvement in the slave trade. But the Scots are like anyone, and there were many who were abolitionists and who set up schools for black children after emancipation."
While Ruff’s claim has been welcomed in Scotland, it has been met with a far less favourable response in his native country.
Bobby Jones, producer of the weekly Gospel Explosion television programme which reaches more than four million viewers in the United States, is not swayed by Ruff’s argument. "Gospel music is black music," he insists.
Ruff’s next mission is to return to Scotland to document and record the congregations of Lewis.
"I’ll be there later this year and hope to record them there and also make recordings of American congregations. In another 100 years I doubt this form of worship will still be around. It’s sad to say that on both sides of the Atlantic this is dying out.
"In the Hebrides there are few young people in the churches and this is also the case in the States. In a sense, I aim to preserve a legacy."
The lasting legacy of Ruff’s research is an anthropological revelation which forces the re-evaluation of the history of two peoples. Now Afro-Americans, frustrated in their search for antecedence in their African line, might turn to their Scottish roots. As Ruff said: "Why did they leave this to a musician? This is the job of an anthropologist."
ON THE face of it jazz legend Dizzy Gillespie would seem a little out of place on a website devoted to Scottish heritage. With his trademark bent trumpet, he was the epitome of a cool musician at home on stage with 20th century giants of music like Louis Armstrong and Charlie Mingus.
But look at those surnames. Gillespie, Armstrong and Mingus (or Menzies) - all Scots monikers that were probably given to their ancestors by slave masters. It was common for owners to impose the family name on the slaves.
Even though people were bought and sold as chattels, there was a bizarre notion that this forced labour was somehow "family". But family they became, as they shared the same space and interbred, though mainly by rape. In this most shameful episode in our history white owners also expected their slaves to worship with them, to take on their religious beliefs and customs.
Gillespie often regaled his friends with stories of how the Scots had influenced the blacks in his home state of Alabama. He spoke to his long-time collaborator, Willie Ruff, a bassist and French horn player, about how his parents told of the black slaves who spoke Gaelic, the tongue of their masters.
Ruff - a professor of music at Yale University, a musicologist and jazz man who played with Duke Ellington and Miles Davis - was struck by the words of Gillespie, and some years after the trumpeter's death set out to investigate connections between the Scots and the blacks of the southern US.
"For Dizzy, there was no doubt about the connections. He'd talk about the Gaelic speaking blacks and spoke of his love for Scotland. He'd often tell me to get over to Scotland because the people were so friendly and the love of the music so warm," says Ruff.
A chance visit to a black Baptist church in Alabama led Ruff to discover that some congregations were still "lining out" in the Deep South. This is a call and response form of worship where a precentor sings the first line of a psalm and the congregation follows.
Ruff had thought that this ancient form of worship, which predated the Negro spiritual, had died out. But then he discovered that the practise was still going strong among white, Gaelic speaking congregations in the Western Isles. His investigations also took him to a white congregation in Kentucky.
"This is the only show in town. I've found three congregations who still line out as their sole form of worship," Ruff says. "But what it proves is there is cultural transference. When I spoke to black congregations about lining out they said it came from the slave days. But once they heard whites - both American and Scots - it became clear it was more complicated than that.
"While black culture and worship does come from Africa, there were elements that were imposed by the whites, but they took this and 'blackened' it."
Lining out - or "precenting the line" - had been commonplace throughout Europe in the 16th, 17th and 18th century. At a time of low literacy rates and high costs of prayer books it had become an easy way to teach and distribute the word of God.
The English brought precenting the line to the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. The Highlanders, along with Puritans and Baptists, also took it to the New World, and it was widely practised by the frontiersmen, planters and adventurers who carved out what is the modern US. Eventually it fizzled out in most areas, but the tradition had been kept alive in the remote communities of the Western Isles, as it had in the rural areas of the Deep South.
Ruff discovered a church in Alabama where blacks worshipped in Gaelic as late as 1918, giving a clue to the extent to which the Gaels spread their culture - from North Carolina to Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi - as they prospered on the back of slavery and moved to bigger and better plantations. It was perhaps a refusal to move with the times and the remoteness of the communities which has ensured the survival of precenting the line.
While the cultural transmittance between the African slaves and their white masters is well documented, this story is always going to be a raw nerve for some. For others, like Ruff, it is an opportunity for acknowledgement and reconciliation. He believes that traces of the white influence on black music exist to this day and that the "DNA" of lining out the psalms permeates modern forms of music.
At a symposium at Yale in May, the professor brought together congregations from Back Free Church on the Isle of Lewis and the Indian Bottom Old Regular Baptists, a white congregation from south-eastern Kentucky alongside the Sipsey River Primitive Baptist Association, a black congregation from Eutaw, Alabama.
Ruff believes there is much more work to be done in finding out about the fusion of black and Gaelic culture. For him the symposium was merely the end of the beginning of his search.
"Because of slavery, the African-American has never properly been able to explore his or her roots.
"But," Ruff adds, "what this work does is open new avenues. We clearly have European roots too. While it may not be satisfactory and it may not be comfortable, it is what it is. It's in our names, it's in our music, it's in our blood."
A DVD that explores the relationship between Gaelic psalm singing and African-American gospel music, Siubhal nan Salm - The Journey of the Psalms, is available through eyeline media and Gaelic Psalm Singing.
A Description of THE WESTERN ISLANDS of Scotland (CIRCA 1695) By Martin Martin, Gent. Including A Voyage to St. Kilda By the same author and A Description Of THE WESTERN ISLES Of Scotland By Sir Donald Monro Edited with Introduction by Donald J. Macleod, O.B.E., M.A., D. Litt., Officer d'Académie
Foreword This pre-Celtic recognition of motherhood only, shows its influence in the acceptance by the Picts, a people with some Aryan culture since they spoke a Celtic language, of the principle of matriarchy, and we have an echo of it to this day in common expressions in Gaelic, such as that of which the English equivalent is "I’ll call no man brother except the son of my mother." Various rivers, such as the Lochy, noted by as early a writer as Adamnan as the abode of the "Black Goddess" ("loch" in old Celtic means "black"), the Ness, etc., mountain tops, fords, valleys, locks and tarns were all looked upon by this earlier race as the abodes of local deities, benevolent or otherwise, and to this day one may listen to tales of water-horses, river kelpies, sprites and such like, from the lips of old people who speak Gaelic only, and who, though living in the midst of a Christian culture, are still thoroughly in touch with the traditional pagan beliefs of their earliest youth. These old people are nowadays extremely reluctant to speak of such things, and it requires much tact and the most careful approach in homely Gaelic to excite their memories and set them a-speaking. The Complexion of the Islanders of the Isle of Skye:
The inhabitants of this isle are generally well proportioned, and their complexion is for the most part black. They are not obliged to art in forming their bodies, for nature never fails to act her part bountifully to them; and perhaps there is no part of the habitable globe where so few bodily imperfections are to be seen, nor any children that go more early. I have observed several of them walk alone before they were ten months old; they are bathed all over every morning and evening, some in cold, some in warm water; but the latter is most commonly used and they wear nothing strait about them. The mother generally suckles the child, failing of which a nurse is provided, for they seldom bring up any by hand; they give new-born infants fresh butter to take away the miconium, and this they do for several days; they taste neither sugar, nor cinnamon, nor have they any daily allowance of sack bestowed on them, as the custom is elsewhere, nor is the nurse allowed to taste ale. On the north-west side of Strath lies that part of Skye called Macleod’s Country, possessed by Macleod. Genealogists say he is lineally descended from Leod, son to the Black Prince of Man. He is head of an ancient tribe. The Complexion of the Islanders of the Isle of Arran
The inhabitants of this island are composed of several tribes. The most ancient family among them is by the natives reckoned to be MacLouis, which in the ancient language signifies the son of Lewis. They own themselves to be descended of French parentage. Their surname in English is Fullerton, and their title Kirk-Mitchell, the place of their residence. If tradition be true, this little family is said to be of 700 years standing. The present possessor obliged me with the sight of his old and new charters, by which he is one of the king’s coroners within this island, and as such he hath a halbert peculiar to his office. He has his right of late from the family of Hamilton, wherein his title and perquisites of coroner are confirmed to him and his heirs. He is obliged to have three men to attend him upon all public emergencies, and he is bound by his office to pursue all malefactors and to deliver them to the steward, or in his absence to the next judge. And if any of the inhabitants refuse to pay their rents at the usual term, the coroner is bound to take him personally or to seize his goods. And if it should happen that the coroner with his retinue of three men is not sufficient to put his office in execution, then he summons all the inhabitants to concur with him; and immediately they rendezvous to the place, where he fixes his coroner’s staff. The perquisites due to the coroner are a firelet or bushel of oats and a lamb from every village in the isle, both which are punctually paid him at the ordinary terms.
The inhabitants of this isle are well proportioned, generally brown, and some of a black complexion. They enjoy a good state of health, and have a genius for all callings or employments, though they have but few mechanics. They wear the same habit with those of the nearest isles, and are very civil. They all speak the Irish language, yet the English tongue prevails on the east side, and ordinarily the ministers preach in it, and in Irish on the west side. Their ordinary asseveration is by Nale, for I did not hear any oath in the island.
The Complexion of the Islanders of the Isle of Jura
The natives here are very well proportioned, being generally black of complexion and free from bodily imperfections. They speak the Irish language, and wear the plaid, bonnet, etc., as other islanders.
The Complexion of the Islanders of the Isle of Colonsay
The inhabitants are generally well proportioned, and of a black complexion; they speak only the Irish tongue, and use the habit, diet etc., that is used in the Western Isles: they are all Protestants, and observe the festivals of Christmas, Easter, and Good Friday; but the women only observe the festival of the nativity of the blessed Virgin. Kilouran is the principal church in this isle, and the village in which this church is, hath its name from it. The Complexion of the Islanders of the Isle of Gigha
The inhabitants are all Protestants, and speak the Irish tongue generally, there being but few that speak English; they are grave and reserved in their conversation; they are accustomed not to bury on Friday; they are fair or brown in complexion, and use the same habit, diet, etc., that is made use of in the adjacent continent and isles. There is only one inn in this isle.
The Pygmies Isle (Recovered bones of Pygmies)
The Pygmies Isle or Luchraban (Martin's 'Lusbirdan') near the Butt of Lewis. It is also located on most of the early maps, such a Bleu's map of Lewis and Harris (1654), as 'Ylen Dunibeg', Eilean nan Daoine Beaga - the Island of the Little People. The English poet Collins, in an Ode of 1749, refers to the 'Herbid Isle... in whose small vaults a pigmy folk is found'.
Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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posted
This also explains why some of Charles II detractors associated his complexion to a relationship between his mother and a 'Black' Scotsman.
Excerpt from King Charles II - Antonia Fraser, where she mention's Charles' complexion, describing as saturnine. Here is a snippet from the book, hopefully not to much to be in violation of copyright etc
quote:First of all he had an abnormal darkness of complexion, a truly saturnine tint. This darkness was the subject of comment from first. His mother wrote jokingly to her sister-in-law that she had give birth to a black baby and to a friend in France that 'he was so dark that she was ashamed of him'. She would send his portrait 'as soon as he is a littler fairer'. But Charles never did become fairer. Later the sobriquet 'the Black Boy' would be used, still commemorated in English inn signs.
There was definitely a strain of very dark, swarthy Italian blood in the French royal family, inherited through Marie de Medici, which might and did emerge from time to time. Anne of Austria, wife of Henrietta Maria's brother Louis XIII, was said to have given birth to a baby having the 'colour and visage of a blackamor', which died a month after its birth. In 1664 another Queen of France, wife of Charles' first cousin Louis, was supposed to have given birth to a black child. There was even a 'fanatic' fantasy at the time of the Popish Plot in the 1670s, that Charles had been fathered on Henrietta Maria by a 'black Scotsman' - a neat combination of the two prejudices of the tiime, against the Catholics and the Scots. So it became convenient to refer to the then King as that 'black Bastard'.
Of the many grandchildren of Marie de Medici, Charles was the only one to look purely Italian; the rest being in general both frailer and paler. But his appearance was certainly a complete throwback to his Italian ancestors, the Medici Dukes of Tuscany. Directly descended as he was from Lorenzo the Magnificent there is a striking resemblance in their portraits. Bishop Burnet, alluding to Charles' Italianate appearance and intending to make a political point concerning tyranny, comparing the King to a statue of Tiberius. Marvell was presumably describing the same phenomenon when he described Charles as
Of a tall stature and of sable hue Much like the son of Kish, that lofty Jew
It probably explains some of the features of Queen Victoria's servant, John Brown.
-------------------- The Habsburg Agenda - Defending Western Christian civilization Posts: 890 | From: London | Registered: Apr 2014
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Mike come off it, there is NO such thing as a Black Scot & Blacks are NOT the original people of Scotland. There is NO such thing as a Black Celt as the Celts were NOT Black, Whites are NOT Albinos & We are NOT from Central Asia. Mary Queen Of Scots was NOT Black. Stop trying to steal what is NOT yours & find your own dang history IN AFRICA.
Posts: 3257 | From: Madisonville, KY USA | Registered: Nov 2011
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quote:Originally posted by CelticWarrioress: Mike come off it, there is NO such thing as a Black Scot & Blacks are NOT the original people of Scotland. There is NO such thing as a Black Celt as the Celts were NOT Black, Whites are NOT Albinos & We are NOT from Central Asia. Mary Queen Of Scots was NOT Black. Stop trying to steal what is NOT yours & find your own dang history IN AFRICA.
He,he,he,he"
Hear the Albinos squeal - the jig is up!
Posts: 22721 | Registered: Oct 2005
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Ohh Come off it Mike. Tell me Mike, Xy-YT,Hater, Habsburg. What did White children ever do to you to make you hate them so much???? I'm curious.
Posts: 3257 | From: Madisonville, KY USA | Registered: Nov 2011
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Ohh and as to Mary Queen Of Scots hair its a dang wig you dumbass morons. Its NOT her natural hair. Come on Mike, Xy-YTChild-hater, Habsburg, you dang Black racist Black supremacist pos cowards answer my question.
Posts: 3257 | From: Madisonville, KY USA | Registered: Nov 2011
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quote:Originally posted by The Habsburg Agenda: There was even a 'fanatic' fantasy at the time of the Popish Plot in the 1670s, that Charles had been fathered on Henrietta Maria by a 'black Scotsman'
quote:Originally posted by The Habsburg Agenda: There was even a 'fanatic' fantasy at the time of the Popish Plot in the 1670s, that Charles had been fathered on Henrietta Maria by a 'black Scotsman'
.
Doxie - Is she White?
what a stupid question, of all the full color paintings of Henrietta Maria there are, he instead picks an unpainted metal badge and asks if she's white
Posts: 42919 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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posted
Yes Mike she is. Yes Mike Mary Queen Of Scots was wearing a WIG. When she was executed, they held up her head, her head fell to floor because the dang wig came off. Turned out that curly red hair was a wig and the sparse hair underneath was grey. Now answer my dang question Mike. BTW, Mike two of my nieces had curly blond hair when they were younger, their hair darkened & straightened as they got older & they are by no means Black. Their mother (my full sister) is a tad darker in complexion than me, with medium brown hair (when its not dyed blond), dark blue eyes. The girl's father is very pale skinned, light blond hair & light blue eyes. My own hair was bone straight when I was younger & started curling a bit as I got older so what now coward.
Posts: 3257 | From: Madisonville, KY USA | Registered: Nov 2011
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quote:Originally posted by CelticWarrioress: Yes Mike she is. Yes Mike Mary Queen Of Scots was wearing a WIG. When she was executed, they held up her head, her head fell to floor because the dang wig came off. Turned out that curly red hair was a wig and the sparse hair underneath was grey.
He,he,he,he:
Not that I would ever doubt you Doxie dear:
But could you cite the source of that occurrence please?
Posts: 22721 | Registered: Oct 2005
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posted
You can find the incident in Antonia Fraser's Mary Queen Of Scots (Pg 539) & Guy John's "My Heart Is My Own: The Life Of Mary Queen Of Scots" (pg 8).
Posts: 3257 | From: Madisonville, KY USA | Registered: Nov 2011
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quote:Originally posted by The Habsburg Agenda: This also explains why some of Charles II detractors associated his complexion to a relationship between his mother and a 'Black' Scotsman.
Excerpt from King Charles II - Antonia Fraser, where she mention's Charles' complexion, describing as saturnine. Here is a snippet from the book, hopefully not to much to be in violation of copyright etc
quote:First of all he had an abnormal darkness of complexion, a truly saturnine tint. This darkness was the subject of comment from first. His mother wrote jokingly to her sister-in-law that she had give birth to a black baby and to a friend in France that 'he was so dark that she was ashamed of him'. She would send his portrait 'as soon as he is a littler fairer'. But Charles never did become fairer. Later the sobriquet 'the Black Boy' would be used, still commemorated in English inn signs.
There was definitely a strain of very dark, swarthy Italian blood in the French royal family, inherited through Marie de Medici, which might and did emerge from time to time. Anne of Austria, wife of Henrietta Maria's brother Louis XIII, was said to have given birth to a baby having the 'colour and visage of a blackamor', which died a month after its birth. In 1664 another Queen of France, wife of Charles' first cousin Louis, was supposed to have given birth to a black child. There was even a 'fanatic' fantasy at the time of the Popish Plot in the 1670s, that Charles had been fathered on Henrietta Maria by a 'black Scotsman' - a neat combination of the two prejudices of the tiime, against the Catholics and the Scots. So it became convenient to refer to the then King as that 'black Bastard'.
Of the many grandchildren of Marie de Medici, Charles was the only one to look purely Italian; the rest being in general both frailer and paler. But his appearance was certainly a complete throwback to his Italian ancestors, the Medici Dukes of Tuscany. Directly descended as he was from Lorenzo the Magnificent there is a striking resemblance in their portraits. Bishop Burnet, alluding to Charles' Italianate appearance and intending to make a political point concerning tyranny, comparing the King to a statue of Tiberius. Marvell was presumably describing the same phenomenon when he described Charles as
Of a tall stature and of sable hue Much like the son of Kish, that lofty Jew
It probably explains some of the features of Queen Victoria's servant, John Brown.
This is the defense secretary Leon Panetta he's Italian. In earlier periods in Europe it was not uncommon that people would have called him black complexioned He looks lighter in some pictures but he tans easily and obvioulsy does not have the skin of Donald Trump Regardless the shade he appears above would commonly be called a black complexion in the 17th and other centuries in Europe. Even lighter skin tones short of very pale could be regarded as 'black compexions' in old Europe I suspect Charles II was not as dark as this Leon Panetta photo but he was not pale either. But is Leon Panetta considered black or black complexioned in 21st century America? Of course not
^^^ Here's a young Charles II by Dobson Charles II, as a Young Man in Exile
If a caucasian person was not blatently pale, they would be called "black complexioned"
So what people do in this forum do is they read the word "black" and ignorantly think it means what "black" means in modern America. People are too lazy to research the historical context of these words and prefer to go by modern usage. It's stupid
None of these paintings have been overpainted to lighten the skin tone
It's very bizarre how African Americans and African British people can look at these paintings and think they are looking at black people
It's bizarre how the same people who get excited about these paintings as portraying black people would not get excited if looking at the same person in real life or a photo of a person
But when it's a painting or sculpture all of the sudden the mad delusion takes over
If you put Leon Panetta in a long curly black wig and 17th century clothes and had somebody do a painting of him it would trigger the trance state that many black people get into on this site
It's a way of excaping reality. You recreate history and then step into it. It's a fanatsy world enhanced by all this old European art
Posts: 42919 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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posted
Mike cut the crap boy, you & your ilk are the kings & queens of liars. You lie about everything out of your hatred towards White children. Answer my dang question you two Black racist pos cowards.
Posts: 3257 | From: Madisonville, KY USA | Registered: Nov 2011
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Lioness do you now understand why every body calls you a degenerate diseased liar on account your provocative lies?
The very paragraph you quoted states that.
1. Anne of Austria, who was Charles's grandmother gave birth to a boy having 'the colour and visage of a blackamoor'. In a nutshell, Charles's uncle who died a month after birth, had the colour and visage of a blackamoor. Now tell me, does Leon Panetta have the colour and visage of a blackamoor?
2. Charles's first cousin's wife in 1664 gave birth to a girl child, aka The Black Nun of Moret who is the subject of the painting below.
And yet you deliberately ignored all that in your response.
I think you derive a perverse pleasure in your lies as well as the resulting insults they provoke.
There was definitely a strain of very dark, swarthy Italian blood in the French royal family, inherited through Marie de Medici, which might and did emerge from time to time. Anne of Austria, wife of Henrietta Maria's brother Louis XIII, was said to have given birth to a baby having the 'colour and visage of a blackamor', which died a month after its birth. In 1664 another Queen of France, wife of Charles' first cousin Louis, was supposed to have given birth to a black child. There was even a 'fanatic' fantasy at the time of the Popish Plot in the 1670s, that Charles had been fathered on Henrietta Maria by a 'black Scotsman' - a neat combination of the two prejudices of the tiime, against the Catholics and the Scots. So it became convenient to refer to the then King as that 'black Bastard'.
-------------------- The Habsburg Agenda - Defending Western Christian civilization Posts: 890 | From: London | Registered: Apr 2014
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quote:Originally posted by The Habsburg Agenda: [QB] Lioness do you now understand why every body calls you a degenerate diseased liar on account your provocative lies?
The very paragraph you quoted states that.
1. Anne of Austria, who was Charles's grandmother gave birth to a boy having 'the colour and visage of a blackamoor'.
so this woman was not 'the colour and visage of a blackamoor' but she had a freak baby that was black
And you think no equivalent to tabloids existed back then
Posts: 42919 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by The Habsburg Agenda: There was even a 'fanatic' fantasy at the time of the Popish Plot in the 1670s, that Charles had been fathered on Henrietta Maria by a 'black Scotsman'
.
Doxie - Is she White?
what a stupid question, of all the full color paintings of Henrietta Maria there are, he instead picks an unpainted metal badge and asks if she's white
Why are you so terrified to the fact that these people Mike is showing can have Black/ African ancestry?
Why is this so unusual to you?
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by CelticWarrioress: You can find the incident in Antonia Fraser's Mary Queen Of Scots (Pg 539) & Guy John's "My Heart Is My Own: The Life Of Mary Queen Of Scots" (pg 8).
What has this to do with anything?
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor:
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:Originally posted by Mike111:
quote:Originally posted by The Habsburg Agenda: [qb] There was even a 'fanatic' fantasy at the time of the Popish Plot in the 1670s, that Charles had been fathered on Henrietta Maria by a 'black Scotsman'
.
Doxie - Is she White?
what a stupid question, of all the full color paintings of Henrietta Maria there are, he instead picks an unpainted metal badge and asks if she's white
Why are you so terrified to the fact that these people Mike is showing can have Black/ African ancestry?
Why is this so unusual to you?
There is no such thing as black ancestry
There is such thing as African ancestry
Posts: 42919 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor:
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:Originally posted by Mike111:
quote:Originally posted by The Habsburg Agenda: [qb] There was even a 'fanatic' fantasy at the time of the Popish Plot in the 1670s, that Charles had been fathered on Henrietta Maria by a 'black Scotsman'
.
Doxie - Is she White?
what a stupid question, of all the full color paintings of Henrietta Maria there are, he instead picks an unpainted metal badge and asks if she's white
Why are you so terrified to the fact that these people Mike is showing can have Black/ African ancestry?
Why is this so unusual to you?
There is no such thing as black ancestry
There is such thing as African ancestry
And how exactly did you determine that?
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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posted
Troll Patrol go away stupid Black racist bully. My post had everything to do with the question that Mike asked me, he asked me to provide citations as to the incident I mentioned in another post & I did.
Posts: 3257 | From: Madisonville, KY USA | Registered: Nov 2011
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quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor:
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor:
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:Originally posted by Mike111:
quote:Originally posted by The Habsburg Agenda: [qb] There was even a 'fanatic' fantasy at the time of the Popish Plot in the 1670s, that Charles had been fathered on Henrietta Maria by a 'black Scotsman'
.
Doxie - Is she White?
what a stupid question, of all the full color paintings of Henrietta Maria there are, he instead picks an unpainted metal badge and asks if she's white
Why are you so terrified to the fact that these people Mike is showing can have Black/ African ancestry?
Why is this so unusual to you?
There is no such thing as black ancestry
There is such thing as African ancestry
And how exactly did you determine that?
Simple, "black" is a label put on African people by people of non-African origin. Have you ever heard of an ethnic group proclaiming "we're the black people of blackland" or something to that extent? Black is African. Period.
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