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Author Topic: Angelo Soliman (aka Mmadi Make), Grand Master Mason, 1750
the lioness,
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Angelo Soliman in 1750


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelo_Soliman


Angelo Soliman (born Mmadi Make c. 1721, probably in present-day northeastern Nigeria/northern Cameroon; he died on November 21, 1796, in Vienna). Travelled to Europe, and achieved prominence in Viennese society and Freemasonry.

Life[edit]
Angelo Soliman probably belonged to the Kanuri ethnic group.[1][2] His original name, Mmadi Make,[3] is linked to a princely class in the Sokoto State in modern Nigeria. He was taken captive as a child and arrived in Marseilles as a slave, eventually transferring to the household of a marchioness in Messina who oversaw his education. Out of affection for another servant in the household, Angelina, he adopted the name Angelo and chose to celebrate September 11, his baptismal day, as his birthday. After repeated requests, he was given as a gift in 1734 to Prince Georg Christian, Prince von Lobkowitz, the imperial governor of Sicily. He became the Prince's valet and traveling companion, accompanying him on military campaigns throughout Europe and reportedly saving his life on one occasion, a pivotal event responsible for his social ascension. After the death of Prince Lobkowitz, Soliman was taken into the Vienna household of Joseph Wenzel I, Prince of Liechtenstein, eventually rising to chief servant. Later, he became royal tutor of the heir to the Prince, Aloys I.[4][5] On February 6, 1768 he married Magdalena Christiani, a young widow and sister of the French general François Etienne de Kellermann (1770–1835), Marshal of Napoleon Bonaparte, Duke of Valmy.[6]

A cultured man, Soliman was highly respected in the intellectual circles of Vienna and counted as a valued friend by Austrian Emperor Joseph II and Count Franz Moritz von Lacy. In 1783, he joined the Masonic lodge "True Harmony", whose membership included many of Vienna's influential artists and scholars of the time, among them the musicians Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Joseph Haydn as well the Hungarian poet Ferenc Kazinczy. Lodge records indicate that Soliman and Mozart met on several occasions. It is likely that the character Bassa Selim in Mozart's opera The Abduction from the Seraglio was based on Soliman.[7] Eventually becoming the Grand Master of that lodge, Soliman helped change its ritual to include scholarly elements. This new Masonic direction rapidly influenced Freemasonic practice throughout Europe.[8] Soliman is still celebrated in Massonic rites as "Father of Pure Masonic Thought", with his name usually transliterated as "Angelus Solimanus".[9]

During his lifetime Soliman was regarded as a model of the assimilation and perfectibility of Africans, but after his death he literally became a specimen of the "African race". Wigger and Klein distinguish four aspects of Soliman – the "royal Moor", the "noble Moor", the "physiognomic Moor" and the "mummified Moor".[10] The first two designations refer to the years prior to his death. The term "royal Moor" designates Soliman in the context of enslaved Moors at European courts, where their skin color marked their inferiority and they figured as status symbols betokening the power and wealth of their owners. Bereft of his ancestry and original culture, Soliman was degraded to an "exotic-oriental sign of his lord's standing" who was not allowed to live a self-determined existence. The designation "noble Moor" describes Soliman as a former court Moor whose ascent up the social ladder due to his marriage with an aristocratic woman made his emancipation possible. During this time Soliman became a member of the Freemasons and was considered almost equal to his fellow Masons, but he continued to face a thicket of race and class prejudices.

Beneath the surface appearance of integration lurked Soliman's remarkable destiny. Though he moved smoothly in high society, the exotic quality ascribed to him was never lost and over the course of his lifetime was transformed into a racial characteristic. The qualities used to categorize Soliman as a "physiognomic Moor" were set forth by pioneering Viennese ethnologists during his lifetime, framed by theories and assumptions concerning the "African race". He could not escape the taxonomic view that focused on typical racial characteristics, i.e., skin color, hair texture, lip size and nose shape. Neither his social standing nor his membership in the Freemasons could prevent his posthumous exploitation, leading to his ultimate status as the "mummified Moor".[citation needed]

Instead of a receiving a Christian burial, Soliman was – at the request of the director of the Imperial Natural History Collection – skinned, stuffed and made into an exhibit within this cabinet of curiosities.[11][12][13] Decked out in ostrich feathers and glass beads, this mummy was on display until 1806 alongside stuffed animals, transformed from a reputable member of intellectual Viennese society into an exotic specimen. By stripping Soliman of the insignia of his lifetime achievements, ethnologists instrumentalized him as what they imagined to be an exemplary African "savage". Soliman's daughter Josefine sought to have his remains returned to the family, but her petitions were in vain. During the October revolution of 1848, the mummy burned. A plaster cast of Soliman's head made shortly after his death of a stroke in 1796 is still on display in the Rollett Museum in Baden. His grandsons are Eduard von Feuchtersleben, Austrian writer, and Ernst, Baron von Feuchtersleben, Austrian physician.

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mena7
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Nice thread Lioness about Angelo Soliman but I find it very strange that an African slave and servant become Master Mason in Vienna. After his death following a successful life he lost all his respect and title and his body was made into a mummy that was exposed with stuffed animals in a museum. His status as a Mason should have protect him from that form of disrespect. His story remind me of Ayuba Suleiman Diallo

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Ayuba Suleiman Diallo


Ayuba Suleiman Diallo (1701—1773), also known as Job ben Solomon, was a famous Muslim who was a victim of the Atlantic slave trade. Born in Bundu, Senegal (West Africa), Ayuba's memoirs were published as one of the earliest slave narra

tives, that is, a first-person account of the slave trade, in Thomas Bluett's Some Memories of the Life of Job, the Son of the Solomon High Priest of Boonda in Africa; Who was enslaved about two Years in Maryland; and afterwards being brought to England, was set free, and sent to his native Land in the Year 1734. However, this version is not a first-person account. A first hand account of Ayuba's capture and eventual return home can be found in Francis Moore's Travels into the Interior Parts of Africa.

The portrait of Diallo by William Hoare of Bath was painted in 1733. Previously known only from a print, the original was believed lost. It was not seen in public until 2010, it was offered to the National Portrait Gallery, London, which launched an appeal to raise its cost of £554,937 (with a deadline of 25 August 2010) to prevent its export. Most of this money was provided by the Heritage Lottery Fund and the Art Fund; the Gallery launched a public appeal for the remaining £100,000. In the interim the portrait is on display at the Gallery.

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Narmerthoth
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250 years later and Negroes still haven't learned that Albino money and status are just an illusion;

If you run with snakes, you can expect to get bite.

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Mike111
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^The story here is how lioness is happy as a Pig in sh1t to post about an AFRICAN in Europe.

Ever see she/he post on a Black European?

She/He is trying to CONDITION your minds.

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mena7
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Mena: More black people in history with suspicious slave origin.

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Abdul-Rahman ibn Ibrahim Sori (عبد الرحمن إبن ابراهيم سوري) was a West African nobleman and Amir (commander or governor) who was captured in the Fouta Jallon region of Guinea, West Africa and sold to slave traders in the United States in 1788.[1] Upon discovering his noble lineage, his slave master Thomas Foster, began referring to him as "Prince",[2] a title by which Abdul Rahman would remain synonymous until his final days. After spending 40 years in slavery, he was freed in 1828 by order of President John Quincy Adams and Secretary of State Henry Clay after the Sultan of Morocco requested his release.[

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Olaudah Equiano
Olaudah Equiano (c. 1745 – 31 March 1797),[3] known in his lifetime as Gustavus Vassa (/ˈvæsə/),[4] was a prominent African in London, a freed slave who supported the British movement to end the slave trade. His autobiography, published in 1789, helped in the creation of the Slave Trade Act 1807 which ended the African trade for Britain and its colonies.

Since the late 20th century, there has been some debate on his origins, but most of his account has been extensively documented.[5] His last "owner" was Robert King, an American Quaker merchant who allowed Equiano to trade on his own account and purchase his freedom in 1766. Equiano settled in England in 1767 and worked and traveled for another 20 years as a seafarer, merchant, and explorer in the Caribbean, the Arctic, the American colonies, South and Central America, and the United Kingdom.

In London, Equiano (identifying as Gustavus Vassa during his lifetime) was part of the Sons of Africa, an abolitionist group composed of prominent Africans living in Britain, and he was active among leaders of the anti-slave trade movement in the 1780s. He published his autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano (1789), which depicted the horrors of slavery. It went through nine editions and aided passage of the British Slave Trade Act of 1807, which abolished the African slave trade.[6] Since 1967, his memoir has been regarded as the "true beginning of modern African literature".[7]

As a free man, Equiano had a stressful life; he had suffered suicidal thoughts before he became a born-again Christian and found peace in his faith. After settling in London, Equiano married an English woman named Susannah Cullen in 1792 and they had two daughters. He died in 1797 in London; his gravesite is unknown. Equiano's death was recognized in Britain as well as by American newspapers.[8] Plaques commemorating his life have been placed at buildings where he lived in London. Since the late 20th century, when his autobiography was published in a new edition, he has been increasingly studied by a range of scholars, including many from his supposed homeland of Nigeria.
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Benjamin Banneker

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Benjamin Banneker

Benjamin Banneker (November 9, 1731 – October 9, 1806) was a free African American almanac author, surveyor, naturalist, and farmer. Born in Baltimore County, Maryland, to a free African American woman and a former slave, Banneker had little formal education and was largely self-taught. He is known for being part of a group led by Major Andrew Ellicott that surveyed the borders of the original District of Columbia, the federal capital district of the United States.

Banneker's knowledge of astronomy helped him author a commercially successful series of almanacs. He corresponded with Thomas Jefferson, drafter of the United States Declaration of Independence, on the topics of slavery and racial equality. Abolitionists and advocates of racial equality promoted and praised his works.

Although a fire on the day of Banneker's funeral destroyed many of his papers and belongings, one of his journals and several of his remaining artifacts are presently available for public viewing. Parks, schools, streets and other tributes have commemorated Banneker throughout the years since he lived. However, many accounts of his life exaggerate or falsely attribute his works.
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Yarrow Mamout

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Yarrow Mamout

Slave who become Georgetown financier
https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/yarrow-mamout-the-slave-who-became-a-georgetown-financier/2015/02/13/06710a98-b30b-11e4-827f-93f454140e2b_story.html?utm_term=.b3848ee00e38

Born Guinea, Africa
Yarrow Mamout’s remarkable story testifies to the contradictory attitudes toward slavery, the African diaspora, and Islam in the early years of the American Republic. When he was approximately sixteen, Yarrow was forcibly taken from his educated family in Guinea. He was bought by the Beall family in 1752, working first on a plantation near present-day Takoma Park, Maryland, and then in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. Gaining his freedom after forty-four years, Yarrow remained in Georgetown—living among the approximately four hundred freed slaves there—working at many different tasks: making brick and charcoal, loading ships, weaving baskets. With his earnings, Yarrow bought stock in the local bank and, in 1800, a log home (now demolished) on Dent Place, in the garden of which he would pray toward Mecca.
James Alexander Simpson, Georgetown University’s first art instructor, painted this portrait amid rumors that Yarrow was a centenarian, which had turned him into a local celebrity of sorts. . Indeed, for this reason, Charles Willson Peale, portraitist of George Washington and other luminaries, had made a special two-day visit to Georgetown to paint the “chearfull” Yarrow a few years earlier. Upon his death, Yarrow was remembered as a pious Muslim and for his industriousness and determination in the face of adversity.

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Ish Geber
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Bump to debunk.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
Fencer
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More dishonesty and deception fri liarness, tsl tsk, this is poor mod behavior and shouldn't be approved of.
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Ish Geber
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quote:
Originally posted by Fencer:
More dishonesty and deception fri liarness, tsl tsk, this is poor mod behavior and shouldn't be approved of.

Truth-be-told.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
the lioness,
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quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
Bump to debunk.

It is very dishonest what you are doing.

You suggest there is something to debunk but instead of presenting such an argument you hope someone else will do it an stick their neck out

man up !!!

This is one of many threads I have on accomplished black people!
questioner take note of my resume

Angelo Soliman was striving for excellence in an environment of discrimination. Thanks also to mena for his contributions to this thread

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DD'eDeN
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"his body was made into a mummy that was exposed with stuffed animals in a museum. His status as a Mason should have protect him from that form of disrespect" mena7
- - -

Is it disrespect that ancient Egyptian pharaohs & priests were mummified, as were cats and many other animals? Is it disrespect that these are displayed at museums?

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xyambuatlaya

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Ish Geber
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quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
Bump to debunk.

It is very dishonest what you are doing.

You suggest there is something to debunk but instead of presenting such an argument you hope someone else will do it an stick their neck out

man up !!!

This is one of many threads I have on accomplished black people!
questioner take note of my resume

Angelo Soliman was striving for excellence in an environment of discrimination. Thanks also to mena for his contributions to this thread

Question: what was I referring at?
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
the lioness,
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^ that's the problem, nothing.

It's a bluff trying to get someone else
to come up with something do destroy a nice thread on a notable figure in black history in Europe

Historic Blacks in Europe: Anton Wilhelm Amo

^^ Here's another


and another one of my threads on figures in Black History


Johannes Morus

I can keep going

this fool the questioner does not know my resume

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the lioness,
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Portrait of a Wealthy African / Flemish or German / ca. 1540 / Private Collection, Antwerp.

This was my inspiration for doing this thread on Angelo Soliman.
I was researching blacks in Europe depicted with turbans
Angelo Soliman is one and who there is biographical information for (also the earring is noted)

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Tukuler
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I'm just another point of view. What's yours? Unpublished work © 2004 - 2023 YYT al~Takruri
Authentic Africana over race-serving ethnocentricisms, Afro, Euro, or whatever.

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the questioner
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(speak of the devil and he shall appear)

the lioness
what is the legacy or contribution of Angelo Soliman?
(Besides his race)

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Questions expose liars

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Ish Geber
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quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
^ that's the problem, nothing.

It's a bluff trying to get someone else
to come up with something do destroy a nice thread on a notable figure in black history in Europe

Historic Blacks in Europe: Anton Wilhelm Amo

^^ Here's another


and another one of my threads on figures in Black History


Johannes Morus

I can keep going

this fool the questioner does not know my resume

But if it was nothing, what are you arguing and complaining for? LOL See how you never make sense, typically dense.


Go ahead keep posting, keep debunking yourself.

Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
   

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