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Author Topic: Nagar, Honkei
DD'eDeN
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Basque: magal - shield, protect
Hebrew: Magen - shield
Mbuti: Mongolu - dome hut
Malay: mengelap - darken

Sumerian: nagar - builder
Akkadian: nagarum - builder
Sanskrit: nagara - builder
Tamil: nakar - builder
Hebrew: naggar - craftsman
Greek: tekton - builder

The term 'nigger' is derived from shade-shed-shield-shelter builder, which today would include architect, interior designer, mason, carpenter etc.

Dr. Winters says honkei is related to horseman or so, while my opinion is that it possibly meant 'rider' of boat, later horse, ass or camel(guessing).

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DD'eDeN
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Honkei@Wolof ~ pHOeNiKEIn ~ HonXyARO ~ !Hxaro@KhoiSan: eggshell trade

Honkei~Horse-nag-(onager)-raga(serbian)-ma(chinese)-mare

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xyambuatlaya

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Clyde Winters
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quote:
Originally posted by DD'eDeN:
Basque: magal - shield, protect
Hebrew: Magen - shield
Mbuti: Mongolu - dome hut
Malay: mengelap - darken

Sumerian: nagar - builder
Akkadian: nagarum - builder
Sanskrit: nagara - builder
Tamil: nakar - builder
Hebrew: naggar - craftsman
Greek: tekton - builder

The term 'nigger' is derived from shade-shed-shield-shelter builder, which today would include architect, interior designer, mason, carpenter etc.

Dr. Winters says honkei is related to horseman or so, while my opinion is that it possibly meant 'rider' of boat, later horse, ass or camel(guessing).

The origins of the "N" word was: Niger, not nagar.
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Ish Geber
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English is a bastard language, however it's mainly rooted in the Germanic linguistic phylum. In other words it's a branch of German.

Latin is rooted in Greek. In Greek the spelling of the letter "G" is "C". Romans created the letter G to separate it from K.

necro-
before vowels, necr-, word-forming element meaning "death, corpse, dead tissue," from comb. form of Greek nekros "dead body, corpse, dead person," from PIE *nek- "death, natural death" (cf. Sanskrit nasyati "disappears, perishes," Avestan nasyeiti "disappears," nasu- "corpse," Old Persian vi-nathayatiy "he injures;" Latin nex, genitive necis "violent death, murder" (as opposed to mors), nocere "to harm, hurt," noxius "harmful;" Greek nekus "dead" (adj.), nekros "dead body, corpse;" Old Irish ec, Breton ankou, Welsh angeu "death").

http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=necro-&allowed_in_frame=0

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DD'eDeN
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HONKEI ~ pHOeNiKIEn ~ trader/rider?

necropolis tombs/domes/dark/buried not *expo*sed

*necro* = *mengela*p (Malay: dark,*enclo*sed) = mongolu (Mbuti) ~ (mo) + neg(l/r)u

There is a link between ~negro and built-shaded-enclosure.

The link to death came from shallow burial of a corpse within their dome hut which was then set afire as the group moved to a new camp.

Moving away from the rainforest meant less wood for fuel, so bodies were often buried with stones on top, which eventually became worked into tumuli, then some cultures used wood again to cover the body as a coffin, while others wrapped it.


English has numerous (partial) synonyms due to mixture with other languages, it has a huge vocabulary, it tends to have archaic words due to the same reason, in a sense it somewhat is a creole.

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xyambuatlaya

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DD'eDeN
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Spinnaker sail depends on wind from behind, the first sail was a mat held up to catch the breeze, then a punt pole or spear put it higher while handheld below, later evolved into mounted masts.

sPinnaker = (s)Phoenicia(r/n) ~ Pun.Aker/Punt.Akele, (Legesse)
Pen.Nakar (nagar, nakar: shade-sail constructor)
Paint.Nag (horse borne goods)

I don't know if/how Niger(ia) associates with this, maybe early sailing canoes?

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xyambuatlaya

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Ish Geber
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quote:
Originally posted by DD'eDeN:
HONKEI ~ pHOeNiKIEn ~ trader/rider?

necropolis tombs/domes/dark/buried not *expo*sed

*necro* = *mengela*p (Malay: dark,*enclo*sed) = mongolu (Mbuti) ~ (mo) + neg(l/r)u

There is a link between ~negro and built-shaded-enclosure.

The link to death came from shallow burial of a corpse within their dome hut which was then set afire as the group moved to a new camp.

Moving away from the rainforest meant less wood for fuel, so bodies were often buried with stones on top, which eventually became worked into tumuli, then some cultures used wood again to cover the body as a coffin, while others wrapped it.


English has numerous (partial) synonyms due to mixture with other languages, it has a huge vocabulary, it tends to have archaic words due to the same reason, in a sense it somewhat is a creole.

The term Necro came into existence because Greeks encountered Egyptian priests who were known for "communicating with the deceased".

This is indeed correct:

necropolis tombs/domes/dark/buried not *expo*sed


Pitifully Egyptian priests were all chastised and slaughtered by rise of the Copts.

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DD'eDeN
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I recall nkr, nekr as an ancient Egyptian word, but I forgot the meaning, possibly related to ntr, netr that I linked to signature/"cartouche".

The tekenu priest on a sled went into a trance to visit the dead.

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DD'eDeN
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Perhaps the words used for mummy wrapping might link to sailcloth & papyrus scroll? (An Etruscan prayer hymn was written on an Egyptian mummy wrap).
- - -

Felucca - sailboat used in East Africa/Arabia

sPinnaker ~ (s)Phoenicia(r/n) ~ Pinnace/Felucca

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnace
pinnace is a light boat, propelled by oars or sails, carried on a ship

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinnaker
Claim: "A purported etymology has the first boat to carry this sail being a Cowes yacht named Sphinx, from which "Sphinx's Acre" and eventually "Spinnaker"."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felucca

A felucca (Arabic: فلوكة‎‎) is a traditional wooden sailing boat used in protected waters of the Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean including Malta, and particularly along the Nile in Egypt, Sudan, and also in Iraq. Its rig consists of one or two lateen sails.

Dhow - Small Arab sailboat with Lateen sails
Scow - Small Dutch sailboat, shallow launch
Prow - Malay canoe/boat, shallow launch
Bow - boat front, cf bowl/bwato/bowat

- - -
The Dufuna dugout canoe, dated 8ka, well crafted from African mahogany, does not appear to have oarlocks or mast post, so was probably paddled, but may have had hand-held sail. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dufuna_canoe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dufuna_canoe

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DD'eDeN
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So now, I'm looking whether felucca is linked to bwato(Lake Malawi dugout canoe) and to perahu(Malay dugout canoe).

Bantu agriculturalists plant Asian yams and bananas which were native to Malaya.

While the hand-axe and hafted axe are ancient in Africa, the adze is not. I think the adze, the dugout canoe, and flatbread (pita-pizza-pain-pan-naan) were all invented in Mollucas or Papua(where Sago palms grow naturally), by Paleo-Pygmy Yali women seeking tasty grubs which feed on the pith of the Sago palm. They modified the axe to cut and scoop out the starchy pith, leaving the hollow rind which is the shape of a canoe.
These were the first dugout canoes, used to bring Asian crops west to India, Arabia and Africa. Possibly, these people were the very first "Phoenicians".

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xyambuatlaya

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DD'eDeN
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Ground-stone adzes are still in use by a variety of people in Irian Jaya (Indonesia), Papua New Guinea and some of the smaller Islands of Melanesia and Micronesia. The hardstone is ground on a riverine rock with the help of water until it has got the desired shape. It is then fixed to a natural grown angled wood with resin and plant fibers. The shape and manufacture of these adzes is similar to those found from the Neolithic stone age in Europe. A variety of minerals are used. Their everyday use is on a steady decline, as it is much more convenient to cut fire wood using imported steel axes or machetes. However, certain ceremonial crafts such as making canoes, ceremonial shields, masks, drums, containers or communal houses etc. may require the use of traditional-made stone adzes.
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Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic of 'adze in block': "stp" = the chosen, choose from.

esetepe uisuituipui uasuatuapua
stab, (ma)staba/tool to scrape-step-stamp - flat-bottom canoe, chew.choose.skew.hew a log/prow.

Sago shavings pounded & scraped and washed in a sieve & dried for flour.

STaBa~ teba(Hebrew) Ark
---
axes and adzes: for hewing wood into rough billets
a shave horse to firmly hold the wooden billets for using the drawknife

Hewn log, hone adze.

Adze(AngloSaxon) adze
Chouna(Japanese) adze chew chaw

The term 'Lapita' was coined by archaeologists after mishearing a word in the local Haveke language, xapeta'a, which means 'to dig a hole' or 'the place where one digs', during the 1952 excavation in New Caledonia.[1][2] The Lapita archaeological culture is named after the type site where it was first uncovered in the Foué peninsula on Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia.

A mattock (Old English) is an adze + pick on wood handle.
Mattaq (Inuit Eskimo) whale blubber flenzed with mattock-like tool.
According to Sumerian mythology, the mattock was invented by the god Enlil.[6] Mattocks (Greek: μάκελλα) are the most commonly depicted tool in Byzantine manuscripts of Hesiod's Works and Days.[7]

Mattocks made from antlers first appear in the British Isles in the Late Mesolithic. They were probably used chiefly for digging, and may have been related to the rise of agriculture.[8] Mattocks made of whalebone were used for tasks including flensing – stripping blubber from the carcass of a whale – by the broch people of Scotland and by the Inuit.[9]

MR(AE) hand hoe
Pacul or cangkul (hoes similar to adze hoe from Malaysia and Indonesia)

Sago palm (Not Cycad)
The tree is of commercial importance as the main source of sago, a starch obtained from the trunk by washing the starch kernels out of the pulverized pith with water. This starch is used in cooking for puddings, noodles, breads, and as a thickener. In the Sepik River region of New Guinea, pancakes made from sago are a staple food, often served with fresh fish. Its leaflets are also used as thatching which can remain intact for up to five years.[4] The dried petioles (called gaba-gaba in Indonesian) are used to make walls and ceilings; they are very light, and therefore also used in the construction of rafts.

The sago palm reproduces by fruiting. Each stem (trunk) in a sago palm clump flowers and fruits at the end of its life, but the sago palm as an individual organism lives on through its suckers (shoots that are continuously branching off a stem at or below ground level). To harvest the starch in the stem, it is felled shortly before or early during this final flowering stage when starch content is highest. Sago palm is propagated by man by collecting (cutting) and replanting young suckers rather than by seed.[3]

Recent research indicates that the sago palm was an important food source for the ancient people of coastal China, in the period prior to the cultivation of rice.

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DD'eDeN
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Oldest adze/mattock, oldest flour, oldest dugout canoe, from Papua.

https://youtu.be/iO9emfW8TRY

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xyambuatlaya

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Ish Geber
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quote:
Originally posted by DD'eDeN:
I recall nkr, nekr as an ancient Egyptian word, but I forgot the meaning, possibly related to ntr, netr that I linked to signature/"cartouche".

The tekenu priest on a sled went into a trance to visit the dead.

Agreed.
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