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Scientists have extracted and analyzed DNA from mummies that are thousands of years old, and they have found that the ancient Egyptians are actually more genetically similar to people living today in the Near East — countries like Israel, Lebanon, and Syria — than modern-day Egyptians.
For a long time, we thought that mummies preserved no DNA. In 2010, a team analyzed ancient DNA from 16 royal mummies, but the method they used wasn’t very good at distinguishing actual mummy DNA from modern DNA that might have contaminated it over the years. In a study published today in the journal Nature Communications, scientists used a new, more precise method of DNA sequencing to analyze genome data from several mummies spanning different time periods in ancient Egyptian history.
The team investigated a total of 151 mummies from a site about 100 kilometers south of Cairo. These mummies were excavated in the early 20th century, and radiocarbon dating showed that their lives spanned 1,300 years, or from about 1388 BCE to 426 CE. There was no usable genetic material in any of the remaining soft tissue, but some left in the bones and teeth. Ninety of these mummies had incomplete DNA, and only three retained a completely intact genome. These three mummies are the ones the scientists focused on.
The team then compared the ancient mummy DNA to the DNA of both ancient and modern people in the same region. It turns out that, on a genetic level, the ancient Egyptians aren’t so different from modern people living in the Near East. In fact, they have more in common with those in the Near East than today’s Egyptians. For example, the mummies didn’t have any DNA from sub-Saharan Africa, whereas about 20 percent of today’s Egyptians have sub-Saharan genes. Study lead author Johannes Krause told Science that the modern-day variation might be because either the spread of Islam or more trade increased contact between the different parts of Africa.
Eurobinos are so deceitful liars. You can't trust these liars as far as you can toss an elephant.Posts: 4693 | From: Saturn | Registered: Apr 2012
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I'm not familiar with their DNA games, after reading the article, I read your comclusion. What suggests you doubt what was presented? Beyond their tract record of course.
Edit: Noticed more in another article on the subject:
In their paper, the researchers acknowledged that “all our genetic data were obtained from a single site in Middle Egypt and may not be representative for all of ancient Egypt.” In the south of Egypt, the authors wrote, sub-Saharan influences may have been stronger.
This study left two gaps in the Egyptian timeline that Krause wants to fill, he said. It is not clear when the African gene flow, present in modern Egyptians, occurred. Nor could the study determine the origin of the Egyptians. “The other big question is, 'Where did the ancient Egyptians come from?' ” Krause said. To answer that, scientists will have to find genomes “back further in time, in prehistory.”Posts: 310 | From: US | Registered: Jun 2015
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quote:Originally posted by Narmerthoth: Scientists have extracted and analyzed DNA from mummies that are thousands of years old, and they have found that the ancient Egyptians are actually more genetically similar to people living today in the Near East — countries like Israel, Lebanon, and Syria — than modern-day Egyptians.
These mummies were excavated in the early 20th century, and radiocarbon dating showed that their lives spanned 1,300 years, or from about 1388 BCE to 426 CE.
only three retained a completely intact genome. These three mummies are the ones the scientists focused on.
. .
1388 BCE was the 18th. dynasty, the time of Amenhotep III (Nebmaatre).
426 CE was the time of the Byzantine Christian Period - Emperor Theodosius II 408-50 CE.
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OK, I was fairly sleepy as I first reviewed this but now that I'm well rested, this doesn't seem like a "new disovery". It seems par the course and even looking at these dates one familiar with history would quickly know what they are up to.
Why do something so desperate now?
Posts: 310 | From: US | Registered: Jun 2015
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quote:Originally posted by Narmerthoth: Scientists have extracted and analyzed DNA from mummies that are thousands of years old, and they have found that the ancient Egyptians are actually more genetically similar to people living today in the Near East — countries like Israel, Lebanon, and Syria — than modern-day Egyptians.
These mummies were excavated in the early 20th century, and radiocarbon dating showed that their lives spanned 1,300 years, or from about 1388 BCE to 426 CE.
only three retained a completely intact genome. These three mummies are the ones the scientists focused on.
. .
1388 BCE was the 18th. dynasty, the time of Amenhotep III (Nebmaatre).
426 CE was the time of the Byzantine Christian Period - Emperor Theodosius II 408-50 CE.
If you've read the report, the individual DNA results aren't revealed or identification of the mummy. In a study such as this of over 100 mummies, you would think they'd be proud to publish all the available details, but they don't. As usual, sounds as if they've only posted details fitting their agenda.
Posts: 4693 | From: Saturn | Registered: Apr 2012
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Received: 19 October 2016 Accepted: 20 April 2017 Published online: 30 May 2017
Verena J. Schuenemann, Alexander Peltzer, Beatrix Welte, W. Paul van Pelt, Martyna Molak, Chuan-Chao Wang, Anja Furtwängler, Christian Urban, Ella Reiter, Kay Nieselt, Barbara Teßmann, Michael Francken, Katerina Harvati, Wolfgang Haak, Stephan Schiffels & Johannes Krause
Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
By directly studying ancient DNA from ancient Egyptians, we can test previous hypotheses drawn from analysing modern Egyptian DNA, such as recent admixture from populations with sub-Saharan16 and non-African ancestries17, attributed to trans-Saharan slave trade and the Islamic expansion, respectively. On a more local scale, we aim to study changes and continuities in the genetic makeup of the ancient inhabitants of the Abusir el-Meleq community (Fig. 1), since all sampled remains derive from this community in Middle Egypt and have been radiocarbon dated to the late New Kingdom to the Roman Period (cal. 1388BCE–426CE, Supplementary Data 1). In particular, we seek to determine if the inhabitants of this settlement were affected at the genetic level by foreign conquest and domination, especially during the Ptolemaic (332–30BCE) and Roman (30BCE–395CE) Periods.
Caption
Map of Egypt, showing the archaeological site of Abusir-el Meleq (orange X), and the location of the modern Egyptian samples used in the study (orange circles).
Abu Sir al-Malaq (also Abusir el-Meleq, Abusir el-Melek ) is a place on the west bank of the lower Nile near the entrance to the Fayyum Basin.
The site served as the burial site of the late Negade Culture (IId2-IIIB) and was re-occupied in the Hyksos period, the Saitian and Roman periods .
The prehistoric cemetery was liberated from 1905 to 1906 [1] by the German Orient Society under the direction of Georg Möller . The dead lay without coffin in squatting on the left in oval pits. As a supplement , clay vessels and fire-brigades were found . A special feature is a vessel in the form of a camel .
The graves of the Hyksos period were dated by scarabs with royal names and contained skeletal skeletons which were determined anthropologically as belonging to the Semitic family of peoples.
From the 25th dynasty comes the untroubled tomb of Tadja, which is now in Berlin . Systematic excavations took place on the spot only at the beginning of the 20th century. Otherwise, the necropolis has been systematically plundered and destroyed since then, and burials (especially coffins), which are stolen there, always appear in the art trade.Posts: 22721 | Registered: Oct 2005
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Bahariya Oasis From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The people of the oasis, or the Waḥātī people (meaning "of the oasis" in Arabic), are the descendants of the ancient people who inhabited the oasis, Bedouin tribes from Libya and the north coast, and other people from the Nile Valley who came to settle in the oasis.
The majority of Waḥātī people in Bahariya are Muslims. There are some mosques in Bahariya. The nature of social settings in the oasis is highly influenced by Islam.
Banha From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Banha is the capital of the Qalyubia Governorate in north-eastern Egypt. Located between the capital of Cairo and Alexandria, Banha is an important transport hub in the Nile Delta, as rail lines from Cairo to various cities in the Nile Delta pass through Banha.
El Mahalla El Kubra From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
El Mahalla El Kubra – commonly shortened to El Maḥalla – is a large industrial and agricultural city in Egypt, located in the middle of the Nile Delta on the western bank of the Damietta Branch tributary. The city is known for its textile industry. It is the largest city of the Gharbia Governorate and the second largest in the Nile Delta, with a population of 535,278 as of 2012.
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As I stated earlier, I'm only interested in the Old and middle kingdoms, which now they have the technique, I'm sure they've analyzed those available samples. Instead of reporting those results they choose suppress them and only release data that suggests African presence in Egypt only started increasing during the New Kingdom period. Such deceitful liars!
-------------------- Selenium gives real life and true reality Posts: 4693 | From: Saturn | Registered: Apr 2012
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Anything from the Max Plank Institute and written by David Reich is suspect. These researchers are firmly interested in maintaining the status quo and the Hamitic myth.
It is interesting that some people will judge this paper as legitimate, when the authors argue that modern Egyptians carry more African genes due to slavery. Again, we see the Eurocentrics attempting to claim that slavery has determined our history. Eurocentrics love to lie.
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-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: Anything from the Max Plank Institute and written by David Reich is suspect. These researchers are firmly interested in maintaining the status quo and the Hamitic myth.
It is interesting that some people will judge this paper as legitimate, when the authors argue that modern Egyptians carry more African genes due to slavery. Again, we see the Eurocentrics attempting to claim that slavery has determined our history. Eurocentrics love to lie.
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even if they go back the hamitc story Egyptians are hamitc so its actually isn't helping them saying blacks are ham but not Egyptians. The bible say Egyptians are ham
Posts: 54 | From: va | Registered: Dec 2014
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quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: Anything from the Max Plank Institute and written by David Reich is suspect. These researchers are firmly interested in maintaining the status quo and the Hamitic myth.
It is interesting that some people will judge this paper as legitimate, when the authors argue that modern Egyptians carry more African genes due to slavery. Again, we see the Eurocentrics attempting to claim that slavery has determined our history. Eurocentrics love to lie.
.
even if they go back the hamitc story Egyptians are hamitc so its actually isn't helping them saying blacks are ham but not Egyptians. The bible say Egyptians are ham
With the age of the internet, the last thing they want to do is bring the hamitic theory to the forefront. If people actually looked up the orgin of it, it would make albino scholarship look like more of a joke than it is. This whole article seems a bit desperate and "too little too late".
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Like Egypt, Anatolia now Turkey, has ABUNDANT artifacts and other materials which show without a doubt, the BLACKNESS OF IT'S PEOPLE!Posts: 22721 | Registered: Oct 2005
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The Global Dispatches Expert Commentary and Analysis
About us The Global Dispatches is a non-profit international web magazine. It is a platform that allows experts and specialists to air their views on subjects they are particularly familiar with.
In the late 19th century the slave trade from Africa towards the Ottoman Empire “boomed”. Most slaves came from Kenya and Sudan and arrived in Western Anatolia. Previously Ottoman slaves had been white from the Balkans and the Caucasus. After abolition, slaves slowly integrated into Turkish society but Afro-Turkish communities exist to this day.
“Galloping from Far Asia and jutting out into the Mediterranean like a mare’s head: this country is ours.” This is the first sentence of the famous poem “The Invitation” by Nazim Hikmet summarizing how the Turks arrived in Anatolia. However, this is only true for a limited number in modern Turkey because many people were already there (Arabs, Kurds, Greeks, Armenians and Assyrians) and others came from other regions (the Balkans, Greece and the Caucasus). Many were brought from the opposite direction against their will. Especially in the late 19th century, the slave trade from Africa towards the Ottoman Empire “boomed”. Most slaves came from Eastern Africa (Kenya and Sudan) and arrived in Western Anatolia. So when you come across fluent Turkish-speaking “Africans” in Ayvalik in the Northern Aegean, in a village around Torbali near Izmir or in a village near the popular tourist destination of Bodrum, they are neither tourists nor refugees, but the descendants of Ottoman slaves.
Slavery existed in different forms in the Ottoman Empire from the 14th until the 19th century. Probably the best known slaves were the Janissaries, the Sultan’s special troops recruited from Christian boys who were taken from their families in the Balkans and the Caucasus and educated at the Sultan’s palace. The most intelligent ones often became high-ranking bureaucrats. Other slaves were the many women of the palace harem – one of whom became the only wife of Suleyman the Magnificent. Known as Roxelana in Europe, she originally came as a slave to the palace from a region in today’s Ukraine . But there were of course also many slaves outside the palace working in households and in agriculture.
(Afro-Turkish women from Yeniciftlik)
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Black slave trade replaced the white slave trade in the late 19th century
Most of the Ottoman Empire slaves were white from the Balkans and the Caucasus. Black slaves until the 19th century were only “traded” in small numbers. This changed in the second half of the 19th century when the Ottomans banned slavery from the Balkans and the Caucasus following pressure from European powers. Between 1860 and 1890 roughly 10,000 African slaves came into the Ottoman Empire each year – in total about 250,000 people. And there was a constant demand for new slaves, because “once a slave always a slave” was not the rule in the Ottoman Empire: many slaves, or at least their children, were set free at some point.
The final end to slavery came at the turn of the 20th century when slaves were replaced by paid servants. The fate of the freed slaves differed from region to region. In the province of Aydin, near Izmir, the Ottoman bureaucracy had a plan for them. According to official documents 1,500 families were supplied with 1,500 houses, furniture, two cows each and some money. That is the reason why over several decades there were relatively homogenous “African” villages in that region. Around Bayindir, about 75 km southeast of Izmir, 11 “Afro-Turkish” villages were known as the “kitchen of the sultan”, providing agricultural products for the palace in Istanbul. However, since the 1960s when Turkey saw a substantial migration to the cities and from Eastern to Western Turkey, the population in these villages has fundamentally changed. The black inhabitants in the villages around Bayindir are now a small minority, but they have not completely disappeared.
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The majority of Afro-Turks live along the Aegean coast. .
Coins from the Island of Lesbos, circa 500 - 550 B.C.
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“Along the Aegean coast, I have met at least 2,000 persons with black skin colour in recent years“, explains Mustafa Olpak during a visit to an Afro-Turkish family in the village of Yeniciftlik (New Farm). At the end of 2006, Olpak founded the first association of “Afro-Turks” in the North Aegean city of Ayvalik. Olpak was born in Ayvalik, but the way his ancestors arrived there, was rather untypical compared with other Afro-Turks. As he writes in his autobiography “Slave Coast”, his great-grandparents were deported from Kenya and sent as slaves to the then still Ottoman island of Crete in the 1890s. In Crete the family became Muslim and worked in the household of a rich Ottoman family. After the Turkish War of Independence, in 1924, Turkey and Greece negotiated a population exchange of Orthodox Christians and Muslims, and Olpak’s family had to leave Crete and was deported to Ayvalik. Olpak grew up there, finished school and married a white Turkish woman, with whom he was together for 25 years until her family said “There should not be any inheritance left to the Arab.” Blacks are often called Arab in Turkish. After this, Olpak filed for divorce. However it was not the only racist comment or discrimination he experienced in his life. Many Afro-Turks have much lighter skin, becauseblack women especially look for white partners to reduce the discrimination for their children that they experienced themselves.
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Afro-Turk association: traditional Calf-Festival and oral history projects
However, the Afro-Turks also insist that they belong to Anatolia as much as other peoples. They speak the local dialect, wear traditional Turkish clothes and are usually well-integrated into the local Turkish cultural life: “We have been living in this region for at least 150 years and we don’t have any other homeland,” says Olpak.
After his divorce, Olpak moved to Izmir where the main office of his association is located, an association which strives to preserve the heritage of this neglected minority and to heighten general awareness of their situation. As of 2007, the organization has revived the traditional “Calf-Festival”, which had been celebrated by Afro-Turks from the 1880s until the 1920s. Deniz Yükseker of the private Koc University explains the background of the festival: “Leaders of the Afro-Turk community, known as ‘godya,’ used to collect money in order to buy a cow.
On the first Saturday of May, they sacrificed this cow. Failing to make this sacrifice would cause droughts, according to popular folklore.” At that time the festivities lasted three weeks, in Republican times this tradition was gradually abandoned until it was revived in 2007. The modern version of the Calf-Festival only lasts for one week-end and so far no animal has been sacrificed, but it is a rare opportunity for the Afro-Turks from different provinces to come together and share ideas. To that end, buses are organized to bring the Afro-Turks to the festival. Mustafa Olpak remembers the bus trip in 2007 from Izmir to Ayvalik: “We had two buses full of black people. Outside of Izmir we were stopped by the police who thought we were illegal refugees. When the police realised that all the travellers were Turkish citizens, we were allowed to continue.”
During its four years of existence, the members of the association have been quick to learn how to deal with the press. When US President Barack Obama visited Turkey in April 2009, the association asked for an official meeting. As Olpak explained: “It was clear to us that we would be very lucky to be given an appointment, but we were able to use his visit to bring attention to our cause.” Olpak has succeded in raising awareness of the Afro-Turkish community through other initiatives too. His book was turned into a documentary by the state-run TRT television channel and well-known publisher Osman Köker organized an exhibition about the Afro-Turks. Through this a wider audience could be reached in the big cities of Turkey.
Besides the organization of the Calf-Festival, which will be celebrated again in May 2011 in Izmir and Bayindir, another focus of the association are oral history projects. And these have even caught the attention of the Turkish Ministry of Culture after the project “Voices of a speechless past” was completed with EU support, for which 100 Afro-Turks were interviewed. Such projects are urgently needed, because so far there is very little material relating to the fate of Ottoman slaves and their descendants.
… and the third generation researches The association does also provide practical help, such as support with coal and wood in the winter or school uniforms and shoes for the children. Many Afro-Turks live in poverty, be it in the villages or in the cities they have moved to. There are very few Afro-Turks who have been to university or who hold prestigious positions in politics, sports, culture or private industry. That is why there are few role models for the young generation of Afro-Turks apart from a few notable exceptions like the former Mayor of Dalaman, the singer Esmeray and the football functionary Hadi Türkmen.
Mustafa Olpak begins his book with “The first generation experiences, the second denies and the third researches.“ The Afro-Turks of the third generation have started to research their exceptional history. Through this, the Anatolian mosaic is gaining another colourful tile.
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ne altri vi sono rimasi veri egizi, che quei cristiani che ci sono ora: gli altri tutti a'accostarono alla fede di maumetto, es' accompaguarono con gli arabi e con gli affricani| "neither are there left any true Egyptians, besides, a few Christians, which are at this present (16th century) remaining. the residue embracing the mahumetan religion have mingled themselves among the Arabians and white Africans" The History and Description of Africa: And of the Notable Things Therein ... By Leo (Africanus) book 8:3
quote:Originally posted by Mike111: ^With all of those artifacts CLEARLY showing that the original Anatolians were BLACK PEOPLE!
You would think that no Albino would have the nerve to suggest that Blacks in Turkey derive from SLAVES!
Well, you would be WRONG!
NEVER doubt the LYING DEGENERACY OF ALBINOS.
We have known this for decades yet, where knowing your history is supposed to make you stronger in the present, we have a multitude of weak kneed Coconut Negroes like Kittles and Gates, assisting Eurobinos in their devious lies. These are the same weak minded Negroes who led to Egypt's invasions and taking of the country, as well as the whole continent of Africa. Obviously, there needs to be a drastically different manner in which we discover, present and package history to Negroes.
Posts: 4693 | From: Saturn | Registered: Apr 2012
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quote:Originally posted by the questioner: "neither are there left any true Egyptians, besides, a few Christians, which are at this present (16th century) remaining. the residue embracing the mahumetan religion have mingled themselves among the Arabians and white Africans" The History and Description of Africa: And of the Notable Things Therein ... By Leo (Africanus) book 8:3
. What a pathetic Albino.
Here asshole, see if you can figure out which AREA not CONTINENT, the Berber Leo was talking about.
quote:Originally posted by Narmerthoth: we have a multitude of weak kneed Coconut Negroes like Kittles and Gates, assisting Eurobinos in their devious lies.
These are the same weak minded Negroes who led to Egypt's invasions and taking of the country, as well as the whole continent of Africa. Obviously, there needs to be a drastically different manner in which we discover, present and package history to Negroes.
. The fact of weak Negroes is of no importance, they're probably Africans anyway. Negroes like that are to be TOLD what to believe. You can't expect them to figure it out themselves.
The Negroes who caused Egypt's demise were not weak-kneed, their knees were very strong. It was their minds that were very weak.
Egypt was destroyed by stupid fuching pretentious Persians and Albino pussy loving dumb-assed Nigger Arabs.
Btw - Albino pussy loving dumb-assed Nigger Arabs were also the first ones to bring Turks into the West.
Posts: 22721 | Registered: Oct 2005
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quote:Originally posted by the questioner: ne altri vi sono rimasi veri egizi, che quei cristiani che ci sono ora: gli altri tutti a'accostarono alla fede di maumetto, es' accompaguarono con gli arabi e con gli affricani| "neither are there left any true Egyptians, besides, a few Christians, which are at this present (16th century) remaining. the residue embracing the mahumetan religion have mingled themselves among the Arabians and white Africans" The History and Description of Africa: And of the Notable Things Therein ... By Leo (Africanus) book 8:3
The joker, I'm still waiting on my request.
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The problem with Coconuts/Negroes (people who are brown on the outside, but white inside) is that they don’t understand how to analyze data and form a conclusion. As a result, when they read a paper they accept what is written at face value without looking critically at the data and making their own interpretation.
First of all, Afro-American scholars have accepted that the Egyptians were Black/African people for the past 200 years, i.e., Carter G. Woodson, W.E.B. DuBois, and J.A. Rogers, and the Senegalese scholar Anta Diop ; but, Negro Apologist : Gates, Kittles and etc, spend their time parroting the status quo line that the Egyptians were a mixed race. This same group attempt to make it appear that the Fulani, Somalis and Ethiopians are black skinned whites, because of their facial features. This is stupid, because man originated in Africa, so the physical features of these populations are African features.
The article by Schuenemann et al, 2017 on the Abusir mummies is basically a discussion of the data that support a Greco-Roman origin for Egypt. But the data on the mummies dating between 992-749 BC, can offers us keen insight into haplogroups carried by Egyptians during this time.
The genomic data from this period is important because the people of Abusir at this time would have been primarily Egyptian. As a result, the mtDNA carried by the Egyptians confirms the reality that the so-called Eurasian haplogroups are nothing more than African haplogroups.
In Schuenemann et al, 2017, there were 100 mummies in the study. A total of 27 mummies were dated between 992-749BC. In Figure 1, you can see the clades carried by these Egyptians. Below are the frequencies of the haplogroups among Egyptians at this time:
Haplogroup Frequency U 18.5 T 22.2 J 18.5 X 0.0675 M1a 0.0675 H 0.0675 I 0.0675 HV 0.037 RO 0.037 K 0.037 N 0.037
The presence of these haplogroups among the Abusir population shows that the U,T, and J clades had a high frequency among the Egyptians, and that many of the so called Middle East clades were already present in Egypt before the Greco-Romans, Turks and etc. ruled Egypt.
In conclusion, the Abusir article provides more data on the African origin of Eurasian mtDNA.
Reference:
Schuenemann et al., Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods, Nature Communications 8, Article number: 15694 (2017), doi:10.1038/ncomms15694
I couldn't agree more with the above post and would add that the Kittles & Gates mentality is alive and well here on ES. As Tukuler has stated on many occasions, he's going to side with the group that has the monetary and political power; Ashkenazis, and if it means his licking the bottoms of their shoes, so be it. It seems these researchers on ES are always in the reactive mode and their only pursuit is to wait for Eurobino research reports to reactively address. They produce nothing of unique to black people or of any relevance.
However, to be fair, I agree with Mike that man of the Negroes on the site are probably African which can be confirmed by their english like mild response to Albinos, relative to African Americans. As Samuel Jackson accurately stated about the African cast in GET OUT, Africans (and English Africans) can be brought cheaper than African Americans, and since they were reared under the British and have intermixed sexually for hundreds of years, they are more emotionally vested in supporting empire. If you've seen GET OUT, you can readily tell the difference between casting a British African versus and African American in the role. The Brit Negro is far more trusting in whites than a black American could possibly be.
I'm positive the above researchers performed many more unreleased mummy analysis which show even greater frequency of African phenotype, but as with the dead sea scrolls, they have possession and control of the material and data, so they can say whatever conclusion(s) they want.
Posts: 4693 | From: Saturn | Registered: Apr 2012
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: ^^^ black redneck talking filth
. Nah, it's an angry nigger talking about the worthless niggers whose stupidity helped put him in his current position. Not that I'm necessarily complaining about my position, just how I got here.
To wit - me and my kind are ascending. With each new revelation we become stronger and smarter.
Albinos on the other hand are descending. With each new revelation, another Albino lie or atrocity is exposed. Sooner or later critical mass will be reached.
As to the Albino pussy loving dumb-assed Nigger Arabs;
. .
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TODAY - When you say "Arab", the world thinks of these people.
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NOT THESE PEOPLE!
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And I consider it poetic justice that "REAL" Arabs have completely lost their identity to their MULATTOES and FORMER SLAVES; in vengeance for all the harm they brought to Black people around the world by their stupidity. Posts: 22721 | Registered: Oct 2005
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quote:Originally posted by Narmerthoth: ^ Beautiful!
I couldn't agree more with the above post and would add that the Kittles & Gates mentality is alive and well here on ES. As Tukuler has stated on many occasions, he's going to side with the group that has the monetary and political power; Ashkenazis, and if it means his licking the bottoms of their shoes, so be it. It seems these researchers on ES are always in the reactive mode and their only pursuit is to wait for Eurobino research reports to reactively address. They produce nothing of unique to black people or of any relevance.
However, to be fair, I agree with Mike that man of the Negroes on the site are probably African which can be confirmed by their english like mild response to Albinos, relative to African Americans. As Samuel Jackson accurately stated about the African cast in GET OUT, Africans (and English Africans) can be brought cheaper than African Americans, and since they were reared under the British and have intermixed sexually for hundreds of years, they are more emotionally vested in supporting empire. If you've seen GET OUT, you can readily tell the difference between casting a British African versus and African American in the role. The Brit Negro is far more trusting in whites than a black American could possibly be.
I'm positive the above researchers performed many more unreleased mummy analysis which show even greater frequency of African phenotype, but as with the dead sea scrolls, they have possession and control of the material and data, so they can say whatever conclusion(s) they want.
You are right. Everything you wrote is true.
I could not find any statistic and identification of the African mtDNA they allegedly found in the mummies, nor do the researchers provide the mummies' Y-Chromosomes they found.
The absence of this data clearly show they are hiding something.
Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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quote:Originally posted by the questioner: ne altri vi sono rimasi veri egizi, che quei cristiani che ci sono ora: gli altri tutti a'accostarono alla fede di maumetto, es' accompaguarono con gli arabi e con gli affricani| "neither are there left any true Egyptians, besides, a few Christians, which are at this present (16th century) remaining. the residue embracing the mahumetan religion have mingled themselves among the Arabians and white Africans" The History and Description of Africa: And of the Notable Things Therein ... By Leo (Africanus) book 8:3
The joker, I'm still waiting on my request.
what request?
Posts: 861 | From: usa | Registered: Apr 2015
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quote:Originally posted by the questioner: ne altri vi sono rimasi veri egizi, che quei cristiani che ci sono ora: gli altri tutti a'accostarono alla fede di maumetto, es' accompaguarono con gli arabi e con gli affricani| "neither are there left any true Egyptians, besides, a few Christians, which are at this present (16th century) remaining. the residue embracing the mahumetan religion have mingled themselves among the Arabians and white Africans" The History and Description of Africa: And of the Notable Things Therein ... By Leo (Africanus) book 8:3
The joker, I'm still waiting on my request.
what request?
I'm waiting on my "negro" as an agreed upon scientific physical description among all European countries. Must be translatable into all languages as a racial description as well and predate the 15th-16th centuries.
Posts: 310 | From: US | Registered: Jun 2015
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quote:Originally posted by the questioner: Charles the V did not predate 15th-16th century
im waiting on you to prove that Charles the fifth is a negro
The joker, there needs to be time for that word to work its way into the languages of that region to be a common and agreed upon definition, I'm giving you that time. Stop the circus act and get to work.
Posts: 310 | From: US | Registered: Jun 2015
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"After the flood the people of Egypt became a mixture of nations; there were the Copts, the Greeks, the Romans, the Amalek, and others. But the majority were Copts. The Egyptians became a mixture because of the various nations that took control of their country, such as the Amalek, the Greeks, and the Romans. The various nations became a mixture, and it became difficult for the people to trace their origins; thus, by way of introduction, they were satisfied to say that they were from the country of Egypt." Science in the Medieval World By Sa`id al-Andalusi (1029–1070)
Posts: 861 | From: usa | Registered: Apr 2015
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quote:Originally posted by the questioner: Charles the V did not predate 15th-16th century
im waiting on you to prove that Charles the fifth is a negro
The joker, there needs to be time for that word to work its way into the languages of that region to be a common and agreed upon definition, I'm giving you that time. Stop the circus act and get to work.
prove Charles the v was a negro or moor
if you cant then i rest my case
Posts: 861 | From: usa | Registered: Apr 2015
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quote:Originally posted by the questioner: Charles the V did not predate 15th-16th century
im waiting on you to prove that Charles the fifth is a negro
The joker, there needs to be time for that word to work its way into the languages of that region to be a common and agreed upon definition, I'm giving you that time. Stop the circus act and get to work.
prove Charles the v was a negro or moor
if you cant then i rest my case
The thread where that was raised was addressed with my answer. With dictionary definitions, yet you chose to ignore to continie your cartoon show. Now answer my question, you said you had proof, so prove it you side show hypocrite.
Posts: 310 | From: US | Registered: Jun 2015
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According to the study, DNA testing has been up to this date, unavailable due to there not being much DNA left in the mummy. They were able to extract DNA via bone rather than skin and were able to do testing. I think this is what they were stating. Please correct me if I'm wrong. However, Diop stated;
mummification processes do not destroy the epidermis to the point of rendering the method inapplicable in most cases. In particular, it would make it possible to analyze the skin of all the royal mummies of the Cairo Museum in perfect state of preservation: Thutmosis III, founder of the XVIIIth dynasty, the conqueror of all Western Asia, Sethi (Seti) I the founder Of the XIXth Dynasty, his son the famous Rameses II. The game would be worth the candle, and that’s why I tried to get samples to analyze. The Curator of the Cairo Museum, Dr. RYAD (Riyadh?), had promised to send me, but I have been waiting for more than a year.
So, Diop proposed that the skin of the mummy is intact and he was able to obtain measurable quantities of melanin, specifically "true" melanin; Black, to determine the race of the mummy. This also would enable analysis of Tyrosine processing as a precursor ro melanin dosage and density would give further clues to race. Therefore, if DNA were impossible to obtain, or if the DNA analyzed failed to provide sufficient content to determine race, then why wasn't the melanin dosage tests conducted to supplement the DAN analysis? Or was it performed but not reported?
Anyway, did I already state that I severely dislike Genetics? This is the reason why. When you go to Vegas and you play by Vegas rules, the odds are always with the house. The odds are, if you keep playing by the house rules, eventually you'll lose your shirt.
If I were a career geneticist (I am not), and I was a black geneticist with the goal of determining the African origins of Egyptians, then I would certainly not be playing by the standard rules, and I definitely wouldn't be satisfied with accepting the trickle of crumbs those in control of samples allowed me to see/examine. I certainly wouldn't be satisfied debating over the crumbs of data I was allowed to read about. That is a game for losers. I would have to find a way to obtain and test my own samples, obtained from an over worked/under-paid night guard, or fallen off the back of a truck, but perhaps once you obtain your degree in genetics, you abandon such ambition and survival tactics.
Posts: 4693 | From: Saturn | Registered: Apr 2012
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Now, because of the time frame and the fact that human melanocytes had not yet been imaged, Diop had to rely on the word of others about the difference between skin melanocyte formation in Africans, versus their formation in Europeans. Here he states;
Among the different pigments that contribute to the formation of skin color, carotene, oxyhemoglobin, reduced hemoglobin, melanin, the latter plays the role of primary racial factor in pigmentation of the skin of different breeds. Special cells called melanocytes are responsible for the formation of melanin in the “dermis” and especially in the human epidermis. Their number is relatively independent of the breed, but their activity, ie the amount of melanin they can make, depends on a racial factor linked to the genetic code: in other words, the negro has the same number of melanocytes as white and albino, for a given region of the skin but, its cells being much more active, will produce more grains of melanin than those of white due to the activity of tyrosinase, an enzyme which controls the formation of melanin. The melanocytes are found in the malpighi layer of the epidermis, 1035 per mm2 in the negro.12. It appears that there is no qualitative difference in melanin in passing from one breed to the other, but only in rate variations.
This is the standard inaccuracy Europeans always state although they realize it is incorrect. Why? Your guess is as good as mine.
However, today we know there is a fundamental difference in how skin melanocyte formation is between Blacks and Europeans, The difference is in quanity, distribution and formation.
In blacks, melanocyte formation is uniform and evenly distributed across the skin. In Europeans with OCA (Whites), and all other peoples with Ocular Albinism, melanocyte formation is uneven and rather than evenly distributed, the melanocytes are loosely distributed and gathered in bundled clumps. so there is a difference in rate variation and distribution between the two races.
using the Quantitative Determination Method described by Diop, you should see the disbursement of loose versus clumped melanocyte in the sample, as well as variations in the amount of melanin in the epidermis.
In addition, another set of molecules not included in Diop's testing can be included in an updated test procedure. Along with melanin found in the melanocyte, will be found melatonin and serotonin. The former will be deficient in European originated samples while the latter, will be higher concentrations.
Posts: 4693 | From: Saturn | Registered: Apr 2012
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. Your ideas about updating Diop's proposed melanin test are great. It is sad we don't have anyone to do the testing.
The problem is that most people who can do the test will not do it because they are afraid to acknowledge their Africaness/Blackness . This is an unfounded fear.
I learned over the years that whites respect you if you love your history and people. Granted, they may not support your efforts but, they will respect you.
Since W.E.B. DuBois' Negro, Establishment ,i.e., University and Scientific professional AAs, and "pseudo-Black Nationalist", have refused to acknowledge Blacks have any history not recognized by the Eurocentric status quo, as a result the true history of Blacks has always been outside the Academe.
It has been outside the Academe, because both Establishment AAs and "Pseudo-Black Nationalist", will not promote any "Afrocentric" idea unless the "white man" validates the research. The need for this validation, among both groups is because both groups have an inferiority complex.
Keita up to 2005, was a firm advocate of the Southern or Sub-Saharan African origin of the Egyptians. It appears that he was not fully supported at Howard , and as a result he is now promoting the Hamitic myth, via the Afro-Asiatic origin of the Egyptians model.
Keita has the skills and experience to blow the lid off the misuse of genetics in masking Our history. I am using the term masking, because researchers write programs to mask African admixture in ancient DNA, or they just claim that you can not recover DNA from Africans, eventhough it has been recently discovered that you can recover DNA from soil in a cave.
"Pseudo-Black Nationalist" and/or "Afrocentric Video/Street Historians", hate AAs that do actual research. Due to their inferiority complexes these "researchers", will not promote any idea that has not first been validated by a white researcher. These people may talk about Diop, but they always exclaim "that this or that new research may have changed his ideas".
Given the absence of independent thought among AAs, it is a shame that no one will take up the melanin research proposed b y Diop.
There is plenty of genomic evidence relating to Africans out there. The problem is that no one is looking at the data from an Afrocentric prospective, except xyyman and myself. I guarantee that if researchers seriously look at the data we could have a better view of African and Black phylogeography.
The first thing that has to be done is for AA researchers to acknowledge that there were multiple OoA events beginning 100,000 years ago with the expansion of Australoid people out of Africa into the Americas and Southern Eurasia (i.e., Veddoids South Asia and Aboriginal Australians) , and that the contemporary L3(M,N) mtDNA haplogroups and the Y-Chromosome Q and R haplogroups had expanded across Africa before the first OoA event.
The second thing that has to be acknowledged by the Afrocetric geneticist is that there is no monolithic African population, and different varieties of anatomically modern Blacks appeared at different times in Africa, that superseded earlier Black populations.
Check out this video: Short History of Black People
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