posted
Euronuts have no limit to their blatant and stealthily rewriting of history to "whiteout" Black and African people. The aDNA of the CHG and EF of Europe is R1b1a2. Although ISOGG 216 makes it clear this haplogroup is V88, in the research literature they are referring to this clade (R1b1a2) as R1b-P312/M269 , eventhough M269 is R1b1a1a2.
The presence of R1b1a2 in Europe is explained by the migration of the Kushites into Europe via Gibraltar and Anatolia.
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posted
It is very interesting that many posters here worship DNA , as an indicator of historical relationships--but refuse to comment on its misuse and bias, in relation to recovering and understanding the history of African and Black people.
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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There is no such thing as white Ethiopians. They just said Ethiopians=Kushites lived in Africa and Asia.
Around 800 BC, Homer mentions the Aethiopians, or Kushites, in the Iliad and the Odyssey. Homer said that the Kushites were “the most just of men, the favorites of the Gods”.
To the Greco-Romans there were two Kush empires, one in Africa and the other in Asia. Homer alluded to the two Kushite empires when he wrote in the Odyssey i.23: “a race divided, whom the sloping rays; the rising and the setting sun surveys”. In the Iliad. i.423, Homer wrote that Zeus went to Kush to banquet with the blameless Ethiopians.
In 64 BC, the Greek geographer and historian Strabo stated in Chapter 1 of Geography that there were two Kush empires - one in Asia and another in Africa. In addition to Kush in Nubia and Upper Egypt, some Greco-Roman authors considered their presence in southern Phoenicia up to Mount Amanus in Syria.
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I remember doing some research on the Hausa and i found out that they have large percentage of Eurasian DNA paternally.
I also read a book titled "Hausa folk-lore, customs, proverbs, etc ...." vol 1 By Robert Sutherland Rattray This book mentions the origins of the Hausa "idan matanbaiyi ya tanbaye ka, ana mafarin hausawa? ka che, gaskia mafarinsu barebari da arewawa." "Where did the Hausa people have their origin? (say to him) Truly their origin was the Barebari and Northerners" pg 2
Could these same Hausa people be related or mixed with the now extinct "white Ethiopians" mentioned by Strabo and Pliny or the white men who were not black skinned like the moors mentioned by Procopius?
posted
Pliny the Elder wrote in section 5.8 of his Natural History that: "If we pass through the interior of Africa in a southerly direction, beyond the Gætuli, after having traversed the intervening deserts, we shall find, first of all the Liby-Egyptians, and then the country where the Leucæthiopians dwell."
my mistake im not sure if Strabo mentions white Ethiopians however many other ancient writers mention them
No matter who they were, these people were never situated outside of Africa, and can not relate to the introduction of R-V88. The fact remains there is no archaeological evidence of a back migration from Europe to Africa, but there is ample evidence that Bell Beaker originated in Africa , spread to the Levant and thence to the Steppes.
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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In other words, you believe the authors were probably talking about a tribe of Albino Blacks. This is not impossible given the fact that Africans can be quite biased towards Albinos.
No matter who they were, these people were never situated outside of Africa, and can not relate to the introduction of R-V88. The fact remains there is no archaeological evidence of a back migration from Europe to Africa, but there is ample evidence that Bell Beaker originated in Africa , spread to the Levant and thence to the Steppes.
white people were coming into Africa from Europe many years ago (for example): the ancient Greeks and vandals migrated into Africa
Tarikh al-fattash mentions white kings coming to establish ancient Ghana
posted
I was partially joking but this is an issue sense thin featured Africans when mutated can become indistinguishable from contemporary Europeans,that's why genetic and other metrics that reenforce their Africanness is needed.
Posts: 1123 | From: New York | Registered: Feb 2016
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quote:Originally posted by Thereal: I was partially joking but this is an issue sense thin featured Africans when mutated can become indistinguishable from contemporary Europeans,that's why genetic and other metrics that reenforce their Africanness is needed.
Not really. The first AMH were Africans. As a result, whites have African phenotypical features associated with some East and West Africans--not the other way around.
Black people are too eager to accept Eurocentric interpretations of Africaness.
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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In other words, you believe the authors were probably talking about a tribe of Albino Blacks. This is not impossible given the fact that Africans can be quite biased towards Albinos.
No matter who they were, these people were never situated outside of Africa, and can not relate to the introduction of R-V88. The fact remains there is no archaeological evidence of a back migration from Europe to Africa, but there is ample evidence that Bell Beaker originated in Africa , spread to the Levant and thence to the Steppes.
white people were coming into Africa from Europe many years ago (for example): the ancient Greeks and vandals migrated into Africa
Tarikh al-fattash mentions white kings coming to establish ancient Ghana
there may be some truth to this story^^^
Anyone who has studied African history, know that these so-called whites, were just light skinned Africans--not European or Turkish whites.
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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In other words, you believe the authors were probably talking about a tribe of Albino Blacks. This is not impossible given the fact that Africans can be quite biased towards Albinos.
No matter who they were, these people were never situated outside of Africa, and can not relate to the introduction of R-V88. The fact remains there is no archaeological evidence of a back migration from Europe to Africa, but there is ample evidence that Bell Beaker originated in Africa , spread to the Levant and thence to the Steppes.
white people were coming into Africa from Europe many years ago (for example): the ancient Greeks and vandals migrated into Africa
Tarikh al-fattash mentions white kings coming to establish ancient Ghana
there may be some truth to this story^^^
Anyone who has studied African history, know that these so-called whites, were just light skinned Africans--not European or Turkish whites.
i would agree however the Haplogroup R1b is found in the same location where these white Ethiopians were located
the Hausa claim descent from none Africans and they are carriers of Haplogroup R1b
"Hausa folk-lore, customs, proverbs, etc ...." vol 1 By Robert Sutherland Rattray This book mentions the origins of the Hausa "idan matanbaiyi ya tanbaye ka, ana mafarin hausawa? ka che, gaskia mafarinsu barebari da arewawa." "Where did the Hausa people have their origin? (say to him) Truly their origin was the Barebari and Northerners" pg 2
In other words, you believe the authors were probably talking about a tribe of Albino Blacks. This is not impossible given the fact that Africans can be quite biased towards Albinos.
No matter who they were, these people were never situated outside of Africa, and can not relate to the introduction of R-V88. The fact remains there is no archaeological evidence of a back migration from Europe to Africa, but there is ample evidence that Bell Beaker originated in Africa , spread to the Levant and thence to the Steppes.
white people were coming into Africa from Europe many years ago (for example): the ancient Greeks and vandals migrated into Africa
Tarikh al-fattash mentions white kings coming to establish ancient Ghana
there may be some truth to this story^^^
Anyone who has studied African history, know that these so-called whites, were just light skinned Africans--not European or Turkish whites.
i would agree however the Haplogroup R1b is found in the same location where these white Ethiopians were located
the Hausa claim descent from none Africans and they are carriers of Haplogroup R1b
"Hausa folk-lore, customs, proverbs, etc ...." vol 1 By Robert Sutherland Rattray This book mentions the origins of the Hausa "idan matanbaiyi ya tanbaye ka, ana mafarin hausawa? ka che, gaskia mafarinsu barebari da arewawa." "Where did the Hausa people have their origin? (say to him) Truly their origin was the Barebari and Northerners" pg 2
\.
The Hausa people live in Nigeria-not Morocco, where the leucoethiopians were alledgely settled.
In addition. the Hausa could not have made their way fro North Africa, because the Mande speakers occupied much of North Africa from Morocco to Libya, where they were established as the Garamante.
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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In other words, you believe the authors were probably talking about a tribe of Albino Blacks. This is not impossible given the fact that Africans can be quite biased towards Albinos.
No matter who they were, these people were never situated outside of Africa, and can not relate to the introduction of R-V88. The fact remains there is no archaeological evidence of a back migration from Europe to Africa, but there is ample evidence that Bell Beaker originated in Africa , spread to the Levant and thence to the Steppes.
white people were coming into Africa from Europe many years ago (for example): the ancient Greeks and vandals migrated into Africa
Tarikh al-fattash mentions white kings coming to establish ancient Ghana
there may be some truth to this story^^^
Anyone who has studied African history, know that these so-called whites, were just light skinned Africans--not European or Turkish whites.
i would agree however the Haplogroup R1b is found in the same location where these white Ethiopians were located
the Hausa claim descent from none Africans and they are carriers of Haplogroup R1b
"Hausa folk-lore, customs, proverbs, etc ...." vol 1 By Robert Sutherland Rattray This book mentions the origins of the Hausa "idan matanbaiyi ya tanbaye ka, ana mafarin hausawa? ka che, gaskia mafarinsu barebari da arewawa." "Where did the Hausa people have their origin? (say to him) Truly their origin was the Barebari and Northerners" pg 2
The Hausa people live in Nigeria-not Morocco, where the leucoethiopians were alledgely settled.
In addition. the Hausa could not have made their way fro North Africa, because the Mande speakers occupied much of North Africa from Morocco to Libya, where they were established as the Garamante.
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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posted
“The Hausa people live in Nigeria-not Morocc“.
That is true, however they do live in the Northern part of Nigeria and are Tuareg and Fulani affiliated.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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"Hausa folk-lore, customs, proverbs, etc ...." vol 1 By Robert Sutherland Rattray This book mentions the origins of the Hausa "idan matanbaiyi ya tanbaye ka, ana mafarin hausawa? ka che, gaskia mafarinsu barebari da arewawa." "Where did the Hausa people have their origin? (say to him) Truly their origin was the Barebari and Northerners" pg 2
Many West African ethnic groups claim to have come from other places but West Africa itself. By this is meant the North or even the “Middle East”/ Arabian Peninsula.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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posted
I believe the Hausa came from ancient Egypt or Libya. Egypt is north of the Hausa states. . . The inhabitants of Libya were called Tmhw (Temehus). The Temehus were organized into two groups the Thnw (Tehenu) in the North and the Nhsj (Nehesy/Nahasy) in the South. The original Hausa, may have been one of the Nahasy tribes of ancient Egypt and the Fezzan.
Many scholars like Snowden (1976,1992) define the Egyptian term Nahasy , as "Negroes". But this name Nahasy, has no racial connotation it was the name of one of the Kushite tribes which lived below Kem (Egypt). A Nahasy origin for the Hausa would explain their tradition of being "Northerners".
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: I believe the Hausa came from ancient Egypt or Libya. Egypt is north of the Hausa states. . . The inhabitants of Libya were called Tmhw (Temehus). The Temehus were organized into two groups the Thnw (Tehenu) in the North and the Nhsj (Nehesy/Nahasy) in the South. The original Hausa, may have been one of the Nahasy tribes of ancient Egypt and the Fezzan.
Many scholars like Snowden (1976,1992) define the Egyptian term Nahasy , as "Negroes". But this name Nahasy, has no racial connotation it was the name of one of the Kushite tribes which lived below Kem (Egypt). A Nahasy origin for the Hausa would explain their tradition of being "Northerners".
the ancient nehesy are east of Hausa
the White Ethiopians were not in morocco because they lived southward beyond the Sahara desert
Europe and the Berbers live north of the Hausa and the Hausa carry European DNA how do you explain this
quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: I believe the Hausa came from ancient Egypt or Libya. Egypt is north of the Hausa states. . . The inhabitants of Libya were called Tmhw (Temehus). The Temehus were organized into two groups the Thnw (Tehenu) in the North and the Nhsj (Nehesy/Nahasy) in the South. The original Hausa, may have been one of the Nahasy tribes of ancient Egypt and the Fezzan.
Many scholars like Snowden (1976,1992) define the Egyptian term Nahasy , as "Negroes". But this name Nahasy, has no racial connotation it was the name of one of the Kushite tribes which lived below Kem (Egypt). A Nahasy origin for the Hausa would explain their tradition of being "Northerners".
the ancient nehesy are east of Hausa
the White Ethiopians were not in morocco because they lived southward beyond the Sahara desert
Europe and the Berbers live north of the Hausa and the Hausa carry European DNA how do you explain this
LOL. Everyone knows the Hausa migrated from ancient Egypt into west Africa. Hausa carry R1, because the kushites took this haplogroup to Europe, where they mated with indo-european speakers after 1200 BC.
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: I believe the Hausa came from ancient Egypt or Libya. Egypt is north of the Hausa states. . . The inhabitants of Libya were called Tmhw (Temehus). The Temehus were organized into two groups the Thnw (Tehenu) in the North and the Nhsj (Nehesy/Nahasy) in the South. The original Hausa, may have been one of the Nahasy tribes of ancient Egypt and the Fezzan.
Many scholars like Snowden (1976,1992) define the Egyptian term Nahasy , as "Negroes". But this name Nahasy, has no racial connotation it was the name of one of the Kushite tribes which lived below Kem (Egypt). A Nahasy origin for the Hausa would explain their tradition of being "Northerners".
the ancient nehesy are east of Hausa
the White Ethiopians were not in morocco because they lived southward beyond the Sahara desert
Europe and the Berbers live north of the Hausa and the Hausa carry European DNA how do you explain this
LOL. Everyone knows the Hausa migrated from ancient Egypt into west Africa. Hausa carry R1, because the kushites took this haplogroup to Europe, where they mated with indo-european speakers after 1200 BC.
if every body knows the Hausa migrated from Egypt then how come the Hausa themselves don't know that?
according to the Hausa's they come from the Berbers and Northerners
R1b is predominately in Europe similar to how E1b is predominately in Africa
white skin and straight hair is predominately in Europe similar to how black skin and woolly hair is predominately in Africa
quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: I believe the Hausa came from ancient Egypt or Libya. Egypt is north of the Hausa states. . . The inhabitants of Libya were called Tmhw (Temehus). The Temehus were organized into two groups the Thnw (Tehenu) in the North and the Nhsj (Nehesy/Nahasy) in the South. The original Hausa, may have been one of the Nahasy tribes of ancient Egypt and the Fezzan.
Many scholars like Snowden (1976,1992) define the Egyptian term Nahasy , as "Negroes". But this name Nahasy, has no racial connotation it was the name of one of the Kushite tribes which lived below Kem (Egypt). A Nahasy origin for the Hausa would explain their tradition of being "Northerners".
the ancient nehesy are east of Hausa
the White Ethiopians were not in morocco because they lived southward beyond the Sahara desert
Europe and the Berbers live north of the Hausa and the Hausa carry European DNA how do you explain this
LOL. Everyone knows the Hausa migrated from ancient Egypt into west Africa. Hausa carry R1, because the kushites took this haplogroup to Europe, where they mated with indo-european speakers after 1200 BC.
if every body knows the Hausa migrated from Egypt then how come the Hausa themselves don't know that?
according to the Hausa's they come from the Berbers and Northerners
R1b is predominately in Europe similar to how E1b is predominately in Africa
white skin and straight hair is predominately in Europe similar to how black skin and woolly hair is predominately in Africa
LOL. R1b is predominate in Europe because the contemporary Europeans mated with the Kushites and now carry their genes. It is made clear in the recent paper on the North African Neolithic article the R1b people were dark skinned--not white skinned as you imagine.
Rosa Fregel et al , in "Neolithization of North Africa involved the migration of people from both the Levant and Europe", noted that :
quote: Finally, phenotypic predictions based on genetic variants of known effects agree with our estimates of global ancestry. IAM people do not possess any of the European SNPs associated with light pigmentation, and most likely had dark skin and eyes. IAM samples present ancestral alleles for pigmentation-associated variants present in SLC24A5 (rs1426654), SLC45A2 (rs16891982) and OCA2 (rs16891982 and 12913832) genes. On the other hand, KEB individuals exhibit some European- derived alleles that predispose individuals to lighter skin and eye colour, including those on genes SLC24A5 (rs1426654) and OCA2 (rs16891982)
. In the chart below R-V88 is listed as R1b1a-L761 notably in Chad (also in neighboring Cameroon)
R-M269 is listed as R1b1a1a2-L500 (L500 is one of it's particular clades) There's a little bit in Egypt under 1% and some of the non-Arab Lebanese 15-16% Another subclade of M269 is R1b1a1a2a1-S128, very low frequencies in Egypt and Lebanon
If one combines all the R carrying populations of Africa (excluding Europeans) it's under 1% of the African population
R1b, however has high frequencies in the Chad basin area and parts of Cameroon. Hassan also reported R1b to be the most frequent Y group of the Fulani (13%) The paragroup R is more diverse outside of Africa including not only R1b but also haplogroup R2 and R1a which have numerous sub clades
quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: I believe the Hausa came from ancient Egypt or Libya. Egypt is north of the Hausa states. . . The inhabitants of Libya were called Tmhw (Temehus). The Temehus were organized into two groups the Thnw (Tehenu) in the North and the Nhsj (Nehesy/Nahasy) in the South. The original Hausa, may have been one of the Nahasy tribes of ancient Egypt and the Fezzan.
Many scholars like Snowden (1976,1992) define the Egyptian term Nahasy , as "Negroes". But this name Nahasy, has no racial connotation it was the name of one of the Kushite tribes which lived below Kem (Egypt). A Nahasy origin for the Hausa would explain their tradition of being "Northerners".
the ancient nehesy are east of Hausa
the White Ethiopians were not in morocco because they lived southward beyond the Sahara desert
Europe and the Berbers live north of the Hausa and the Hausa carry European DNA how do you explain this
LOL. Everyone knows the Hausa migrated from ancient Egypt into west Africa. Hausa carry R1, because the kushites took this haplogroup to Europe, where they mated with indo-european speakers after 1200 BC.
if every body knows the Hausa migrated from Egypt then how come the Hausa themselves don't know that?
according to the Hausa's they come from the Berbers and Northerners
R1b is predominately in Europe similar to how E1b is predominately in Africa
white skin and straight hair is predominately in Europe similar to how black skin and woolly hair is predominately in Africa
LOL. R1b is predominate in Europe because the contemporary Europeans mated with the Kushites and now carry their genes. It is made clear in the recent paper on the North African Neolithic article the R1b people were dark skinned--not white skinned as you imagine.
Rosa Fregel et al , in "Neolithization of North Africa involved the migration of people from both the Levant and Europe", noted that :
quote: Finally, phenotypic predictions based on genetic variants of known effects agree with our estimates of global ancestry. IAM people do not possess any of the European SNPs associated with light pigmentation, and most likely had dark skin and eyes. IAM samples present ancestral alleles for pigmentation-associated variants present in SLC24A5 (rs1426654), SLC45A2 (rs16891982) and OCA2 (rs16891982 and 12913832) genes. On the other hand, KEB individuals exhibit some European- derived alleles that predispose individuals to lighter skin and eye colour, including those on genes SLC24A5 (rs1426654) and OCA2 (rs16891982)
which Kushites carry R1b and why did they not spread it in Africa and Asia to the same extent as europe? if you don't mind me asking [/QB]
Clyde throws around the term Kushite without regard to historical time period The Khushites originated in Sudan Hassan et al reported R1b to be the most frequent Y group of the Fulani (13%) They are in many countries including Sudan where the R1b frequency they reported 53.8% and in some other regions Other Fula people have higher frequencies of E groups
Posts: 42918 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by the questioner: which kushites are you referring to?
which Kushites carry R1b and why did they not spread it in Africa and Asia to the same extent as europe? if you don't mind me asking
The phylogeography of R1 in Africa makes it clear that this Y-chromosome is spread globally across Africa and includes the genetic structure of diverse African populations including Berber, Chadic, Cushitic, Khoisan, Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan and Semitic speaking African populations (BerniellLee et al ,2009; Cruciani et al, 2010; Winters, 2016; Woods et al,2005). The fact that Dravidians carry the R1a haplogroup illustrate the recent introduction of the R1 Y-chromosome to Eurasia.
There have been changes in the names of the African Y-Chromosome R1 over the years. In 2010, R-V88 was originally named R1b1a. It was renamed R1b1a2. Today R1b1a has been renamed R-L754. African R1b1 has been changed into R-L278. These African genomes were found in Neolithic Eurasia.
Between 3200-2900 BC, African culture and people began to migrate into Iberia and introduced megaliths and the Bell Beaker culture (Lahovary, 1963). Spanish researchers accepted the reality that the Iberia Peninsula owed the major parts of Neolithic Iberia to African immigrants (Lahovary, 1963; Macwhite,1947).
MacWhite (1947) claims there was a close relationship between Iberia and Britain. These researchers admit that Portugal and Brittany were settled by Megalithic Africans who founded respectively the Mugem and Teviec sepultures ( Lahovary,1963; MacWhite, 1947).
The African Sahara and Morocco was a major source for the Bell Beaker and Corded Ware cultural complex. The Proto-Beaker pottery dates back to 4500 BC in the Sahara (Daugas et al , 1989) .
Agro-Pastoral people cultivated crops and herded cattle. Elements of the Agro-Pastoral members of the Bell Beaker and Corded Ware complexes appear first in the African Sahara. Here we see rock engravings of cattle herders and hunters using similar bow and arrows. The Yamnaya archers' wrist-guard and bows may have had their origin in the Sahara where we see similar wrist-guards (Le Quellec, 2011 ).
The estimated age of R1b-M343 is over 20kya. R1a-420 and R1-343 probably date to around 25kya (Kivisild,2017).
Oldest R1b-M343 clade found among the ancient Europeans dates to 14kya. Lineages belonging to R1 include the 14ky old Villabruna Man from Italy and the 7ky old individual from Spain (Fu et al, 2016).
Kivisild et al (2017) makes it clear that the V88 sub-clade, had relatives in Early Neolithic samples from across a wide geographic area from Iberia, and Germany to Samara (namely R1b1/RL278). This would place carriers of R1 haplogroups related to V88 among the Yamnaya and Bell Beaker people. Given the wide distribution of M269 in Africa, the carriers of this haplogroup were probably also Africans since the Bell Beaker people/culture , originated in Morocco as noted by Turek (2012).
Recent most common ancestor of R1*-M173 in Europe is 5-7ky old (Batini et al. 2015; Hallast et al. 2015; Karmin et al. 2015; Poznik et al. 2016). The R1*-M173 samples from Central and Western Europe were usually R1b-L11, R1a1-Z283 and R1a-M417 (xZ645). In relation to the Eastern samples from the Yamnaya culture and Samara belonged to the R1b11-Z2105, R1b1-RL278 and R1a2-Z93 sub-clades (Allentoft et al. 2015; Cassidy et al. 2016; Haak et al. 2015; Mathieson et al. 2015; Schiffels et al. 2016).
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posted
Clyde it would make more sense to stop your improper use of the term Kushite which refers to a kingdom in Sudan ( 2000 BC–AD 350) and would make a better argument if you were to focus on the Fula people who carry R1b and explore them as candidates for an R origin
Posts: 42918 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by the questioner: which kushites are you referring to?
which Kushites carry R1b and why did they not spread it in Africa and Asia to the same extent as europe? if you don't mind me asking
There are two ways Haplogroup R, exist among whites . Firstly, the Khoisan introduced the R haplogroup 24kya to Eurasia. The Ice Age, came to Europe and many Khoisan fled into the caves , became depigmented and evolved into the white race. These whites left the caves after 2000 BC, in Central Asia, and began to expand into the rest of Europe and the Egyptian Delta after 1200 BC, carrying y-chromosome R.
The Southern whites who live in the Levant and Central Asia are descendants of the Gutians. They usually do not carry haplogroup R. Abu-Amero,KK, Hellani A, Gonzalez AN, Larruga JM, Cabrera VM, Underhill, PA. 2009. BMC Genetics, 10:59 doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59. Retrieved 04/30/2010 at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/10/59 , claims that in Asia the frequency of haplotype M173 is as follows: Anatolia 0.19%, Iran 2.67%, Iraq 0.49% Oman 1.0%, Pakistan 0.57% and Oman 1.0% . This contrast sharply with the widespread distribution of R-V88 in Africa, that ranges between 7-95% and averages 39% ; but no trace of Eurasiatic maternal lineages in West Central Africa.
The second way , haplogroup R entered Eurasia was the migration of the Kushites and Moors from Africa into Europe after 3000 BC. The Kushites carrying R1, expanded across Eurasia from Iran. One group took R1b into Europe while the Dravidians mainly spread R1a in Central and South Asia.
Gutian whites who lived in Middle Asia (the Levant and Central Asia), and the Caucasians who originated in the caves, who early settled Europe mated with the Kushites, and due to the large number of Black Europeans carrying R haplogroup--some of these whites carry the R haplogroup today.
Y-Chromosome R1-M173 was probably spread in Western Europe first by African Roman soldiers, and later by African Muslims when they conquered Western Europe as Moors. This would explain why 60-70% French and Spanish males carry this y-haplogroup. The R1 haplogroup originated in Africa.
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. The phylogeography of R1 in Africa makes it clear that this y-chromosome is spread globally across Africa and includes the genetic structure of diverse African populations including Berber, Chadic, Cushitic, Khoisan,Pygmy, Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan and Semitic speaking African populations (Berniell-Lee et al, 2009; Cruciani et al, 2010; Wood et al, 2009). The fact that Dravidians carry the R haplogroup illustrate the recent introduction of R y-chromosome to Eurasia.
In fact recent research on y-haplogroups in Africa suggest that R1-M269 is also widespread in Africa.
Above is a figure from Gonzalez et al. The Gonzalez et al article found that 10 out of 19 subjects in the study carried R1b1-P25 or M269. This is highly significant because it indicates that 53% of the R1 carriers in this study were M269, this finding is further proof of the widespread nature of this so-called Eurasian genes in Africa among populations that have not mated with Europeans.
Abu-Amero et al (20009) reveal the fact that Dravidians carry the R haplogroups illustrate the recent introduction of Ry-chromosomes to Eurasia. The frequency of haplotype M173 in Eurasia is as follows: Anatolia 0.19%, Iran 2.67%, Iraq 0.49% Oman 1.0%, Pakistan 0.57% and Oman 1.0% . This contrast sharply with the widespread distribution of R1 in Africa that ranges between 7- 95% in various parts of Africa, especially Cameroon (Coia et al, 2005). Coia et al (2005) has revealed that no maternal Eurasian lineages have been found among Sub-Saharan Africans with a R1- M173 profile. Haplogroup V88 has the greatest frequency in Africa. It is predominately carried by Chadic speakers, ranges between 2-60% among Central African Niger-Congo speakers (Cruciani et al, 2010). Researchers have found that the TMRCA of V88 was 9200-5600 kya (Cruciani et al, 2010).
The vast majority of Africans belong to the y-chromosome E macrohaplogroup. Phylogenetically haplogroup R1b is mainly found in West Africa and the Sahel.
In this region the frequency of R-M173 can range between 85-100% among some Niger Congo speakers in Cameroon (Cruciani et al, 2010). The paternal record of M173 on the African continent illustrates a greater distribution of this y-chromosome among varied African populations than, in Asia.
The greatest diversity of R1b in Africa is highly suggestive of an Africa origin for this male lineage because it is not isolated to just one part of Africa.
Archaeological (Lal, 1963), genetic (Winters, 2008;2010a), placenames (Balakrishnan, 2005) and linguistic data group (Aravanan,1979,1980; Upadhyaya, 1976,1979; Winters 1985a,1985b, 1989) linking Africans and Dravidian support the recent demic diffusion of SubSaharan Africans and gene flow from Africa to Eurasia. An early colonization of Eurasia 4kya by Sub-Saharan Africans and Dravidian carriers of R1-M173 is the best scenario to explain the high frequency and widespread geographical distribution of this y-chromosome on the African continent (Winters, 2010c). Given the greatest diversity of R1- M173, this is the most parsimonious model explaining the frequency of R-M173 in Africa.
Africans carry haplogroup R1a.
In India the Dravidian people carry the R1a haplogroup The Dravidian people of India originally lived in Middle Africa and belonged to the Proto-Saharan Civilization. The Proto-Saharan civilization was situated in the Proto-Sahara, which includes Cameroon. . . In Cameroon we find carriers of R1a. In addition to carriers of R1a in Cameroon; the Dravidian languages are still spoken today in Cameroon see:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWyAYGlFZjkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWyAYGlFZjk
In conclusion, the R macrohaplogroup probably originated in Africa. In my paper POSSIBLE AFRICAN ORIGIN OF Y-CHROMOSOME R1-M173 , I argue that the P clade originated in Africa because 1) the age of R-V88 and 2) the widespread nature of R1 in Africa.
The TMRCA of V88 was 9200 (Cruciani et al, 2010). Kivisild et al 2017 appears to date V88 to around 18,000 kya according to Figure 7.Toomas Kivisild (2017).The study of human Y chromosome variation through ancient DNA. web page
The article is interesting. It is most interesting because it places V88 in ancient Europe. Kivisild (2017) also made it clear that V88 is the earliest offshoot of R-M343 .
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Kivisild (2017) claimed the V88 samples from Samara and Spain was in Haak et al 2015. Kivisild (2017) wrote:"Interestingly, the earliest offshoot of extant haplogroup R1b-M343 variation, the V88 subclade, which is currently most common in Fulani speaking populations in Africa (Cruciani et al. 2010) has distant relatives in Early Neolithic samples from across wide geographic area from Iberia, Germany to Samara (Fig. 7)." .
Kivisild (2017) made it clear that the Samara and Spanish samples were different from other aDNA samples. Kivisild (2017) wrote: "Late Neolithic, Early Bronze Age and Iron Age samples from Central and Western Europe have typically the R1b-L11, R1a1-Z283 and R1a-M417 (xZ645) affiliation while the samples from the Yamnaya and Samara neighbourhood are different and belong to sub-clades R1b11-Z2105 and R1a2-Z93 (Allentoft et al. 2015; Cassidy et al. 2016; Haak et al. 2015; Mathieson et al. 2015; Schiffels et al. 2016)."
As you can see Haak et al (2015) is cited as a source. In Haak et al(2017) Table S4.2, these samples were identified as R1b1.
Up to 2010, R1b1 was recognized as an African genome. Africans carried R1b1, the name for this haplogroup was changed to R-L278. In 2010, R-V88 was originally named R1b1a and ; R-V8, was named R1b1a2. Today R-V88 is named R1b1a2, and R1b1a is renamed R-L754.
. Haak et al (2015) had only two samples from Samara and Spain, i.e., named R1b1. The R1b1 samples can be the only representation of V88 from Samara and Spain, cited by Kivisild (2017).
In Africa we find R-M269 and V88. Clearly, R-V88 is older than R-M269 there is no evidence of archaeological evidence of a back migration or haplogroup R into Africa, but there is evidence of the migration of the Kushites and Proto-Saharans into Eurasia from Middle Africa. This supports the proposition the R haplogroups originated in Africa, not Eurasia.
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: ^^ There's about 36 wrong and misleading/butchered statements here.
It would take about a week to untangle the knot
If the statements are false you should have no difficulty in supporting your claim. i supported my statements with citations. where are your counter citations?
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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I'm going to explain how to properly read this chart because Clyde has a version up to small to read At top is the full chart. Then we have a detail of the left portion of the chart. That potion uses the color red to show branches of R that correspond to locations in Europe.
The next chart is the enlarged left portion of the top chart showing the locations on a map of Europe.
At the bottom is the right portion of the top chart. Where it says R1b there is a split, the branch at left is P297.
The branch at right has four red colored European branches of R1b. These are not R-V88 but instead distant relatives
V88 is the black branch at far right only. It the earliest offshoot of R1b but it is not the ancestor of it's distant relatives indicated by the red lines.
The descendants of V88 would be under the black line extending down from V88 but not shown on this chart the sub clades M18, V35 and V69. As referenced in the article, all of the primary DNA analysis regarding V88 in the above Kivisild 2017 comes from
Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages.
Cruciani 2010
Clyde wants to detach the information from it's source so he can spin and slant the information for use as propaganda
I'm going to explain how to properly read this chart because Clyde has a version up to small to read At top is the full chart. Then we have a detail of the left portion of the chart. That potion uses the color red to show branches of R that correspond to locations in Europe.
The next chart is the enlarged left portion of the top chart showing the locations on a map of Europe.
At the bottom is the right portion of the top chart. Where it says R1b there is a split, the branch at left is P297.
The branch at right has four red colored European branches of R1b. These are not R-V88 but instead distant relatives
V88 is the black branch at far right only. It the earliest offshoot of R1b but it is not the ancestor of it's distant relatives indicated by the red lines.
The descendants of V88 would be under the black line extending down from V88 but not shown on this chart the sub clades M18, V35 and V69. As referenced in the article, all of the primary DNA analysis regarding V88 in the above Kivisild 2017 comes from
Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages.
Cruciani 2010
Clyde wants to detach the information from it's source so he can spin and slant the information for use as propaganda
Stop making stuff up!
Look at the second paragraph for Figure 7 above. It specifically says that three individuals illustrated in Figure 7, were not M269. I pointed out above these samples came from Haak et al(2015).
As you can see Haak et al (2015) is cited as a source. In Haak et al(2017) Table S4.2, these samples were identified as R1b1.
Up to 2010, R1b1 was recognized as an African genome. Africans carried R1b1, the name for this haplogroup was changed to R-L278. ,
. In 2010, R-V88 was originally named R1b1a and ; R-V8, was named R1b1a2. Today R-V88 is named R1b1a2, and R1b1a is renamed R-L754.
I0124 0.96 R1b1 Samara_HG I0410 3.29 R1b1 Spain_EN . As you see this statement was not misleading. [/QB]
what statement?
They were R1b1. Does it say they were V88? No, because they weren't
You keep messing this up. If they say V88 was the earliest offshoot that does not mean V88 is the ancestor of any other haplogroup shown on Kivisild's chart P297 is ancestral to the significant subclades M73 and M269, combining them into one cluster. That is a split off of R1b (343) V88 is a separate split all you need do is look at what clades descend from a given line. This chart doesn't even show any of the V88 sub clades because they are outside of the subject of the article. They are as follows:
Massive migration from the steppe is a source for Indo-European languages in Europe Wolfgang Haak
I0124 (Samara_HG) The hunter-gatherer from Samara belonged to haplogroup R1b1 (L278:18914441C→T), with upstream haplogroup R1b (M343:2887824C→A) also supported. However, he was ancestral for both the downstream haplogroup R1b1a1 (M478:23444054T→C) and R1b1a2 (M269:22739367T→C) and could be designated as R1b1*(xR1b1a1, R1b1a2). Thus, this individual was basal to most west Eurasian R1b individuals which belong to the R-M269 lineage as well as to the related R-M73/M478 lineage that has a predominantly non-European distribution17. The occurrence of chromosomes basal to the most prevalent lineages within haplogroups R1a and R1b in eastern European hunter-gatherers, together with the finding of basal haplogroup R* in the ~24,000-year old Mal’ta (MA1) boy18 suggests the possibility that some of the differentiation of lineages within haplogroup R occurred in north Eurasia, although we note that we do not have ancient DNA data from more southern regions of Eurasia. Irrespective of the more ancient origins of this group of lineages, the occurrence of basal forms of R1a and R1b in eastern European hunter-gatherers provide a geographically plausible source for these lineages in later Europeans where both lineages are prevalent4,17,19. I0410 (Spain_EN) We determined that this individual belonged to haplogroup R1b1 (M415:9170545C→A), with upstream haplogroup R1b (M343:2887824C→A) also supported. However, the individual was ancestral for R1b1a1 (M478:23444054T→C), R1b1a2 (PF6399:2668456C→T, L265:8149348A→G, L150.1:10008791C→T and M269:22739367T→C), R1b1c2 (V35:6812012T→A), and R1b1c3 (V69:18099054C→T), and could thus be designated R1b1*(xR1b1a1, R1b1a2, R1b1c2, R1b1c3). The occurrence of a basal form of haplogroup R1b1 in both western Europe and R1b1a in eastern Europe (I0124 hunter-gatherer from Samara) complicates the interpretation of the origin of this lineage. We are not aware of any other western European R1b lineages reported in the literature before the Bell Beaker period (ref. 2 and this study). It is possible that either (i) the Early Neolithic Spanish individual was a descendant of a Neolithic migrant from the Near East that introduced this lineage to western Europe, or (ii) there was a very sparse distribution of haplogroup R1b in European hunter-gatherers and early farmers, so the lack of its detection in the published literature may reflect its occurrence at very low frequency. The occurrence of a basal form of R1b1 in western Europe logically raises the possibility that present- day western Europeans (who belong predominantly to haplogroup R1b1a2-M269) may trace their origin to early Neolithic farmers of western Europe. However, we think this is not likely given the
existence of R1b1a2-M269 not only in western Europe but also in the Near East; such a distribution implies migrations of M269 males from western Europe to the Near East which do not seem archaeologically plausible. We prefer the explanation that R-M269 originated in the eastern end of its distribution, given its first appearance in the Yamnaya males (below) and in the Near East17.
Clyde were you aware that there was a time where there was no R1b?
Were you aware that there was a split of R into R1 and R2 before R1 a and R1b ever existed ? This chart doesn't even go back that far, nor does the Kivisild
Off course the names of the clades changes every year, They make new discoveries!
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Internal diversification of non-Sub-Saharan haplogroups in Sahelian populations and the spread of pastoralism beyond the Sahara
Iva Kulichová, Verónica Fernandes,AliouneDeme,JanaNováčková,VlastimilStenzl,Andrea Novelletto,Luísa Pereira, Viktor Černý First published: 24 July 2017Full publication history DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23285
The important question for us is whether there is evidence of Near Eastern uniparental lineages being introduced by migrants into the gene pool of the Sahel/Savannah dwellers, and expanding around the time pastoralism reached the area, i.e., 4–5 ka. In fact, the contemporary North African mtDNA gene pool includes
The fact that haplotypes having 222,018*G and 213,910*T LCT alleles are shared by the Fulani from Northern Cameroon, the Mozabite Berbers from Algeria and European populations (Lokki et al., 2011; Ranciaro et al., 2014) can be taken as another signal of an ancient pastoralist migration from outside Africa (Myles et al., 2005).
It is well attested that H1 emerged in Iberia/South Europe (Pereira et al., 2005b); after its introduction to North Africa (Cherni et al., 2005; Pereira, Cunha, Alves, & Amorim, 2005a) it was conveyed beyond the Sahara by nomads such as the Tuareg (Ottoni et al., 2009; Pereira et al., 2010). Curiously, however, Tuareg H1 line- ages (H1v, H1w, and H1x) do not belong to the same H1cb clade (HVS-1 motive 16145A–16222T) that we found in the Fulani (Ottoni et al., 2010).
Both H1cb and U5b1b1b seem to be excellent markers of Euro- pean - and not Near Eastern - ancestry inputs into the contemporary Fulani population.
Our results are further supported by a study revealing that multiple Eurasian migrations shaped the genetic diversity of the central Sahel (Haber et al., 2016), provided similar (even if slightly lower; 5,700– 7,300 ya) age estimate for R1b-V88 to ours.
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This paper is based on speculation. It has no ancient DNA and archaeological data to support its conclusions. To support their propositions they cite Haber et al,2016, and Cherni et al, 2005. The Haber et al(2016) article claims that there was a back migration of R1b carriers because some Central Africans carry R1b, but these writers never name the culture bearers who introduced R1b, and the European culture this population came from. The Cherni et al (2005) paper is speculation because it lacks any aDNA to support their claims.
The authors state that:
quote: RESULTS: We show that age estimates of the maternal lineage H1cb1, occurring almost exclusively in the Fulani, point to the time when the first cattle herders settled the Sahel/Savannah belt. Similar age estimates were obtained for paternal lineage R1b-V88, which occurs today in the Fulani but also in other, mostly pastoral populations. Maternal clade U5b1b1b, reported earlier in the Berbers, shows a shallower age, suggesting another possibly independent input into the Sahelian pastoralist gene pool.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the fact that animal domestication originated in the Near East ∼ 10 ka, and that it was from there that animals such as sheep, goats as well as cattle were introduced into Northeast Africa soon thereafter, contemporary cattle keepers in the Sahel/Savannah belt show uniparental genetic affinities that suggest the possibility of an ancient contact with an additional ancestral population of western Mediterranean ancestry.
Problem 1. The Fulani did not come from the Middle East. Secondly, just because a population carries a specific gene does not mean the haplogroup originated elsewhere. The authors could only support this conclusion by:
a) Providing individuals from specific cultures that carry a specific set of genes;
b) Provide the name of the culture and artifacts associated with the culture;
c) The date for the Culture
The failure to provide this information makes the claim groundless.
Problem 2. The authors contend that cattle domestication began in the Middle East. But they fail to identify the cattle rearing culture associated with this domestication.
The earliest documented case of cattle domestication comes from Nabta Playa. The population at Nabta Playa , took cattle and Ounan-Harifian points to the Levant. It was these African agro-pastoral people who took cattle rearing and archery to Europe and spread the Bell Beaker and related cultures across Europe.
The archeaogenetic evidence makes it clear that H1 was taken to Iberia, not vice versa.
Genetic evidence based on contemporary populations can not support an ancient origin of any population without archaeological and linguistic evidence.
Reference:
Clyde Winters The Fulani are not from the Middle East PNAS 2010 107 (34) E132; published ahead of print August 3, 2010, doi:10.1073/pnas.1008007107
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-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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I'm going to explain how to properly read this chart because Clyde has a version up to small to read At top is the full chart. Then we have a detail of the left portion of the chart. That potion uses the color red to show branches of R that correspond to locations in Europe.
The next chart is the enlarged left portion of the top chart showing the locations on a map of Europe.
At the bottom is the right portion of the top chart. Where it says R1b there is a split, the branch at left is P297.
The branch at right has four red colored European branches of R1b. These are not R-V88 but instead distant relatives
V88 is the black branch at far right only. It the earliest offshoot of R1b but it is not the ancestor of it's distant relatives indicated by the red lines.
The descendants of V88 would be under the black line extending down from V88 but not shown on this chart the sub clades M18, V35 and V69. As referenced in the article, all of the primary DNA analysis regarding V88 in the above Kivisild 2017 comes from
Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages.
Cruciani 2010
Clyde wants to detach the information from it's source so he can spin and slant the information for use as propaganda
Stop making stuff up!
Look at the second paragraph for Figure 7 above. It specifically says that three individuals illustrated in Figure 7, were not M269. I pointed out above these samples came from Haak et al(2015).
As you can see Haak et al (2015) is cited as a source. In Haak et al(2017) Table S4.2, these samples were identified as R1b1.
Up to 2010, R1b1 was recognized as an African genome. Africans carried R1b1, the name for this haplogroup was changed to R-L278. ,
. In 2010, R-V88 was originally named R1b1a and ; R-V8, was named R1b1a2. Today R-V88 is named R1b1a2, and R1b1a is renamed R-L754.
From the aDNA studies we have learned that the oldest R1b-M343 lineages, including 14 KYA Villabruna Man from Italy (Fu et al. 2016) and three European hunter-gatherers and three early farmer samples (Fig. 7), did not belong to the R1b- M269 sub-clade According to the ancient DNA evidence, affinity in their autosomal genes to the early farmers of Atapuerca from Spain (Gunther et . . .
Interestingly, the earliest offshoot of extant haplogroup R1b-M343 variation, the V88 sub-clade, which is currently most common in Fulani speaking populations in Africa (Cruciani et al. 2010) has distant relatives in Early Neolithic samples from across wide geographic area from Iberia, Germany to Samara (Fig. 7).
The study of human Y chromosome variation through ancient DNA
Toomas Kivisild
That does not say that three European hunter-gatherers and three early farmer samples belonged to R-V88 due to the fact they did not belong to the R1b- M269 which is younger. You don't understand branch splitting and what is downstream and what is not. You have R1b and a mutation occurs yielding V88. A later mutation occurs M269 that does not mean M269 mutated from V88. It means M269 came out of P297 which came out of M343 at a later date than V88 came out of M343.
Simply put it's older sister, younger sister.
The older sister is not the ancestor of the younger sister. The ancestor is the mother.
And if they DID say three European hunter-gatherers and three early farmer samples belonged to R-V88 that would mean the oldest human remains carrying R-V88 are found in Europe suggesting Eurasian origin
The ancestor of R-V88 is R-M343 The only population yet recorded with a significant proportion of M343 are the Kurds of southeastern Kazakhstan with 13% and 4.3% among Iranian sub-populations.
The indigenous African YDNA of the Fulani are E clades
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Look at the second paragraph for Figure 7 above. It specifically says that three individuals illustrated in Figure 7, were not M269. I pointed out above these samples came from Haak et al(2015).
As you can see Haak et al (2015) is cited as a source. In Haak et al(2017) Table S4.2, these samples were identified as R1b1.
Up to 2010, R1b1 was recognized as an African genome. Africans carried R1b1, the name for this haplogroup was changed to R-L278. ,
. In 2010, R-V88 was originally named R1b1a and ; R-V8, was named R1b1a2. Today R-V88 is named R1b1a2, and R1b1a is renamed R-L754.
Look at the second paragraph for Figure 7 above. It specifically says that three individuals illustrated in Figure 7, were not M269.
so what
That makes your comments unfounded.
show me one quoted sentence of mine where three individuals not being M269 shows the comment is unfounded
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posted
My method is archaeogenetics. I use archaeology and genetics to determine population genetics.
The North African Neolithic and Abusir mummies aDNA, proves that Africans carried this mtDNA, and Tutankhamun R1b Y-Chromosome makes it clear all the so-called Eurasian haplogroups are in reality African clades. This confirmed by the fact that:
1) The civilizations in Iberia originated in Africa;
2) The inhabitants of the North African Neolithic, Sudan and Levant/Anatolia were Kushites
3) The textual, historical and archaeological evidence make it clear that the people in these areas were Kushites.
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: I see what your method is Clyde.
They call that circular logic.
No the method is called archaeogenetics. I use archaeology and genetics to determine population genetics.
The North African Neolithic and Abusir mummies aDNA, proves that Africans carried this mtDNA, and Tutankhamun R1b Y-Chromosome makes it clear all the so-called Eurasian haplogroups are in reality African clades. This confirmed by the fact that:
1) The civilizations in Iberia originated in Africa;
2) The inhabitants of the North African Neolithic, Sudan and Levant/Anatolia were Kushites
3) The textual, historical and archaeological evidence make it clear that the people in these areas were Kushites.
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: I see what your method is Clyde.
They call that circular logic.
No the method is called archaeogenetics. I use archaeology and genetics to determine population genetics.
The North African Neolithic and Abusir mummies aDNA, proves that Africans carried this mtDNA, and Tutankhamun R1b Y-Chromosome makes it clear all the so-called Eurasian haplogroups are in reality African clades. This confirmed by the fact that:
1) The civilizations in Iberia originated in Africa;
2) The inhabitants of the North African Neolithic, Sudan and Levant/Anatolia were Kushites
3) The textual, historical and archaeological evidence make it clear that the people in these areas were Kushites.
You don't know what circular logic is. Look into it.
The North African Neolithic and Abusir mummies aDNA, proves that Africans carried this mtDNA, and Tutankhamun R1b Y-Chromosome makes it clear all the so-called Eurasian haplogroups are in reality African clades.
^ this has no logic to it. (not to mention there is no scientific publication that says Tutankhamun was an R1b carrier.
The fact is if a mummy carries a certain haplogroup and the mummy was found in Africa that does not mean the haplogroup is instantly African.
Clyde that is a very simplistic assumption.
Just because a mummy found in Africa carries a given haplogroup does not mean that they got it in Africa It might be an indigenous haplogroup or it may not have been. It may or may not be due to admixture with foreigners and it is documented that some Egyptians had foreign wives
And all 3 of your points in regard to Tutankhamun and the Abusir mummies do not resolve this.
You have no methodology
Furthermore you keep using the term Kushites and they are of a time period much later than neolithic. You should be using a term with proper association of the time period. Nobody uses "Kushites" they way you do,
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