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DID AFRICAN SLAVES BRING THE Y-CHROMOSOMES R1 CLADES TO THE AMERICAS?
*Clyde Winters
ABSTRACT Previous studies of the genetic structure of Afro-Americans have observed a considerable presence of European haplotype R1, among Afro-Americans in North America and the Caribbean. Researchers have assumed that these European genetic signals were probably the result of European males mating with Sub-Saharan African (SSA) females during the Atlantic Slave Trade. Even though this is the usual explanation for the presence of European clades carried by Afro-Americans (AA), recent studies show a high frequency of R haplogroup ancestry among SSAs in West Africa. This study illustrates that the existence of Y-chromosome R1a, and R1b (M-269 and V88) among Afro-Americans may be derived from SSAs instead of Europeans.
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DID AFRICAN SLAVES BRING THE Y-CHROMOSOMES R1 CLADES TO THE AMERICAS?
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"Information on the frequency of R haplogroups carried by Afro-Americans in the United States, has mainly been recorded by Forensic scientist, rather than population geneticists. Hammer et al., (2006), and Vallone and Butler (2004) presented interesting statistics on the frequency of R1 among Afro-Americans. In the Vallone and Butler (2004) study AAs carried around 0.3% R-M207, and 23% R1b (Figure 1). The frequency of R1 among AAs in North America are similar to the frequency of this Y-chromosome in Haiti and Jamaica. Hammer et al., (2007) has also examined the frequency of R1 among AAs in North America. Hammer et al., (2007) found that the second most frequent Y-chromosome among Afro-Americans is R1b. In Table 2, we see a comparison of Native American and Afro-American Y-Chromosomes."
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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DID AFRICAN SLAVES BRING THE Y-CHROMOSOMES R1 CLADES TO THE AMERICAS?
"Information on the frequency of R haplogroups carried by Afro-Americans in the United States, has mainly been recorded by Forensic scientist, rather than population geneticists. Hammer et al., (2006), and Vallone and Butler (2004) presented interesting statistics on the frequency of R1 among Afro-Americans. In the Vallone and Butler (2004) study AAs carried around 0.3% R-M207, and 23% R1b (Figure 1). The frequency of R1 among AAs in North America are similar to the frequency of this Y-chromosome in Haiti and Jamaica. "
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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Many African Americans have family histories of European American men impregnating African American women in slavery and later.
These interactions also caused the transferal of lighter skin complexions and Euro-diseases.
The Europeans were in West Africa and also impregnated African women on the continent from the 1600's and even up today.
I think R-M269 is European, R1a is usually blamed on the Scottish in America. Every family know its own history - if the know.
Posts: 1115 | From: GOD Bless the USA | Registered: May 2006
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