Since the invasion of Napolean and late 1800's many of the nomadic bedouin tribes were settled and began to intermarry with local fellahin. Some were settled on their own land and villages. The Bedouin tribes themselves often came from Cyrenacia in Libya. The Bedouins themselves were heavily mixed with nomadic Berber tribes. Thus the reason why you sometimes see lighter than usual people in areas like Minya,Asyut,and Sohag. Most people in Middle Egypt are a medium brownish color.

Even before the late 1800's, there was also a settlement of Hawwara around areas like Girga and Sohag. These nomadic Hawwara also settled in areas like Qena and still some remain. Most have gotten lost within the local fellahin population.

Read the following about rural Middle Egypt:

Until the time of Napoleon's invasion, Mamluk fief
holders, large landowners, and the chiefs of nomadic
tribes controlled rural Egypt. This rural elite--a
small fraction of the populace-- derived its wealth
from land, livestock, and the collection of taxes on
commission. Beduin shaykhs lived among and were
related to the tribal people over whom they exercised
jurisdiction. The large landowners lived in villages
and were usually related to some of the other
families. The fief holders, predominantly Turkish and
Circassian in origin, had the most tenuous links to
the villages because they tended to reside in cities
and often brutalized the peasants on their estates.
Most fellahin (sing., fellah; peasant, from the Arabic
verb, falaha, to till the soil), were
socioeconomically similar. Village headmen allocated
families usufruct right to village land, but the
village as a whole was responsible for tax payments.

Read further:

Rural society changed during the nineteenth century.
Rulers made it easier for individuals to own land, and
they held individuals responsible for tax payments.
Large land grants to court favorites and extensive
land registration frauds resulted in concentrated
landholdings and an increased number of people who
owned large pieces of land. During this period, the
government gave tribal shaykhs substantial land grants
but required that they permanently farm and occupy
their parcels. The move caused many beduins to give up
their nomadic way of life. Settled beduins gradually
became liable for the same taxes imposed on the
fellahin.

Granting land (and government administrative posts)
only to shaykhs undermined tribal loyalty and
solidarity. The process created a class of wealthy
landholders within tribes, and the landlord-tenant
relationship proved inimical to the strongly
egalitarian traditions of beduin society. As tribal
loyalties weakened, shaykhs began marrying prosperous
settled Egyptian women, while poorer nomads married
within the masses of peasants. Many of the beduin and
nontribal owners of large amounts of land pursued
economic opportunities in the growing cities and
became absentee landlords.

http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/legacy/egypt/handbook/egypt_socorg.html

quote:

---

Abs

---abs means filth

--branch of Ghatafan

---Jenning Bramly meet a few families in Sharqiya

--in Klunzinger's time there were 'Abs amongst Arab fishermen settled on the coast of Queih and Safaja

---Burckhardt speaks of them as fishers on H asani Island

---

quote:

---

Afeinat---A section of this western tribe survives in Egypt the Nejama,better known as the Pyramid Arabs

---

quote:

---

Aqeila--Caravan leaders and soldiers of fortune all over Arabia

--comes from Sinai every week with animals for sale in the Nile Valley , and a few have settled in Sharqiya

-Norminally Arabs from Nejd really Hiteim but claim Beni Hilal

---

quote:

---

Amayim

--tribes of Berber orrigins settled desert edge neer Manfalut

--encampments just south of those of the Jahama near the village of el-'Atamna

--along with Billi near Suhaj made annual expedition of over 200 miles to the Darb el-Arab' through oases of Kharga,Selima and Laqiya to Bir Natrun in Sudan

---

quote:

---

Atiyat

-Vansleb meet Atiyat near Biba

--reffered in Description de l'Egypte complied by Napolean's savants forming large parts of the populations of the east banks of the Nile in the districts of 'Atif,Ashmunein,and Manfalut, and have started cultivating land

---presently settled near Abnub near Asyut

---

quote:

---

Awlad Suleiman

--branches of Murabitin settled in various parts of Egypt

---in Maqrizi's time [1365-1441] they lived between the great Aqaba and Suez

--Wilkinson gave them as 500 horsemen in Giza

--80 Rabayi in Upper Egypt near Beni 'Adi in Upper Egypt

--Rabayi claim to have arrived in Egypt 1,8000 strong from Tripoli under Khalifa Balija . Like the Jumei'at and the Qa'tan the Awlad Suleiman claim descent from the Ku'b

The Qadadfa,Jawabis nomads an offshoot, said to be related to Awlad Suleiman

---not to be confused with the eastern Awlad Suleiman ,a division of the Masa'id settled in Sharqiya and the hu'urun

The moder Sohb,settled in the provinces of Giza,Qaliubiya,Gharbiya,Menufiya,Daqahliya, and Sharqiya, also give Awlad Suleiman as an alternative name for their tribe. But Ibn Khaldun says the Sohb are desended from Sohb ibn' Fayid ibn Rafa 'ibn Dibbab

---

quote:

---

Bahja--settled in Sharqiya and Gharbiya

---

quote:

---

Baraghith

==came to Egypt with the Hanadi in the 18th century in great migration under Yunis ibn Mirdas el-Selmi

--Fawayid and Jawazi of Egypt are desended from Fayid and Jibrin

---1909 forms gave 14,050 Fawayid settled in provinces of Faiyum,Beni Suef and Minya, and 9,694 mostly in Minya

--northern branch of Fawayid in Beheira

----Jalalat in Minya claim descent from this group

---

quote:

---

Bar'asa

--offshoot from Harb

--five sub-division via Halaliya, Khawalid,Mahafis,Shiteiwat, and Terada

----[The Khawalid are mentioned in Wilkinson's list [1843] as 300 strong living near Ishmant in Beni Suef province

---

quote:

---

Beni 'Una

--division of Salalma or Awlad Sallam

--became completely lost in the fellahin

---

quote:

---

Beni Wasil

--twelve tent strong live mostly near Sarabit el-Khadim

---show inhabiting whole Eastern Desert of Egypt north of Qift-Quesir road precursors of the Ma'aza

-can find colonies notably near Akhmin

--tribe lived in Red Sea hills opposite Griga

Province and about a hundread years came down the Nile, where most settled in the village of Akhmin

--Ibn Khaldun speaks of Beni Wasil 'a branch of the Beni Uqba, son of Moghraba, son of Judham of the Qahtaniya

--Arab historian Hamadan says they emigrated from Syria at invitation of the Emir Mu'izz et-Turkoman

--Burckhardt says they came from Barbary depression called Naqo Beni Wasil not far from east of Beni Suef

--village on Nile opposite Beni Suef called Bayad en-Nasara still inhabited by Beni Wasil

---

quote:

---

Billi

--offshoots of a great Arabian desended from Qudha'a who lived on the coast of Arabia between Nu'man and the Wadi Hamdh

---12,000 of the fellahin in Sharqiya and Qaliubiya claim descent from these conquerors

--nomadic Billi , there is a small section, the Billi el-Bar'asa in North Sinai, and a colony in Upper Egypt, on the east bank between Suhah and Balina , under Sheikh Suleiman Muhammad

---know in dress like the fellahin

---

quote:

---

Dhu'afa

---settled in Egypt among the fellahin of Giza and Beni Suef and claim to be offshoot of Beni Tamin

---

quote:

---

Fawakhir--Murabit tribe settled in Egypt

---

quote:

---

Fawayid--subsection of Baraghith

---

quote:

---

Fejan--found in Minya,Faiyum,and Gharbiya

--Kippel calls them Berber

---

quote:

---

Fezara

--according to Idrisi they coalesced with Berbers much they were hardly distinguished from the Berbers

--Maqrizi talks of Fezara in Upper Egypt, and still some in Beni Suef

---others at Qalib

--berber predominates

--found among the Murabitin

--Macmichael mentions Fezara amongst Sudanese

---Sudanese Fezara the name Turshan as subdivision of Ferahna, both sub tribes of Dar hamid

---In Egypt Turshan occurs as the name of a section settled in Asyut province and claiming common origin with the Tarhuna

---Kippel stigmatizes the Turshan as Berbers, and he is probably right

---

quote:

---

Hanadi

--were living in Beheira province

---moved to Sharqiya and granted sixteen villages near the Wadi Tumeilat

---

quote:

---

Harabi

----live in Mairut ,Faiyum

--Nomadic around Mairut

---colonies at kafr ez-Zayat and Simbella Haruba

-small tribe of Hiteim living on the east bank opposite Balina

---

quote:

---

Hawwara

-settled south of Asyut and famous horsemen

----Berber tribes

---became lost in Fellahin

-camel owning tribe around Dongola called Hawawir

---

quote:

---

Hawata--tribe of Murabitin

--living near Beheira and others in Sennures

---

quote:

---

Hawazin--settled in Upper Egypt

--perhaps originally from the Harb

--from an important section of Baqqara tribe in Korodofan

---

quote:

---

Ja'afra

--phophet Mohammed's tribe

---desendents of Ja'afir ibn Abu Talib

--settled between Aswan and Qus Others went further south into Mahas

---have became fellahin and town dwellers

---

quote:

---

Jahama

---they as a tribe their origins to Beni 'Ummayya' branch of Qureish but contain Berber ancestry

--colony of them settled in Kufara

----live in tents on edge of cultivation near Manfalut and have begun to cultivate

--produced Hajji Qwaytin an illiterate Ibn Battuta

---

quote:

---

Juheina

--first to embrace Islam and invaded Africa with Amir ibn 'Alas

--Ibn Khaldun describes them as conquering Northern Sudan through intermarriage with royal Nubian women

---lost in fellahin except for Dishna

--al-Maqrizi calls them most numerous in Upper Egypt

---

quote:

---

Luzd--small tribe of Murabitin in Beheira

---

quote:

---

Mugharba

--generic name for all Western bedouin

--branch of Awlad Jibrin

---

quote:

---

Mujabra

--active slave traders offshoot of Awlad jibrin

---small colony of them exists at kirdasa village just north of Giza

---

quote:

---

Qadadfa

--Cyrenaican tribe allied with Awlad Suleiman

---nomadic Jawabis offshoot from this tribe

---

quote:

---

Qat'an

--desended from Ka'b bein Elwei

---Those who live in Egypt known as ''mrabit''

---

quote:

---

Qa'tan

'Eilet Jibali became cheif family of the Harabi

--subdivisions are Marirat,Sam'ana and Bahamna

---

quote:

---

Tarhuna

--own land in Asyut Province

----Berber origin

---

Reference:

George William Welsh Murray (1888-1966)

Sons Of Ishmael

Sons of Ishmael; A Study of the Egyptian Bedouin. London, George Routtedge and Sons 1935

pages 284-300

Names of Arab tribes that migrated or were imported into Egypt during the Middle Ages and their exact locations settled:

Judham Arabs

Qays Alan

Tayy Arabs Kahlan Rabi'a

Kanz al-Dawla

Qahtan,Rabia and Qurayish lived in Aswan

Fatimids welcomed Banu 'Umar , Banu 'l-lubayr Banu Talha and desendants of Ja'fa al-Sadiq and settled them in Ashmunayn

---region became known as Bilad Quraysh

----previously peopled by Baliyy and Juhayna pushed southward

During Umayyad period:

policy under Hisham to encourage Qaysite immigration and settled in al-Hawf in Lower Egypt

--also settled Arab tribes in Bilbays

--this encouraged intermarriage with Egyptian peasents

Bani 'Ajlan and Bani Kilab were settled in al-Fayoum in Middle Egypt related to Syrian Arabs. Ayyubid offical 'Uthman al-Nabulsi records these groups in this area.

Sa'd al-Ashira---Syrian Arab tribe

Sources:

al-Maqrizi

Ibn Khaldun

Al-Kindi

'Uthman al-Nabulsi

References:

Yusuf Fadl Hassan - The Arabs and the Sudan: From the Seventh to the Early Sixteenth Century (1967)

quote:

---

AUSAR, WHY ARE YOU HIDING FROM THE TRUTH?

SELECTIVE EDITING AND BIASED DELETING IS A BAD FORM OF BEING A MODERATOR...

EVERYONE HERE, KNOWS YOUR BIASED TILT, SO THERE IS NO NEED TO RUNAWAY FROM WHO YOU ARE.

---

The truth is modern Egyptians are mixed people that have a African background. Northern Egyptians and Egyptians in Middle Egypt are mixed. Southern Upper Egyptians living in Luxor to Aswan are more pure than Northern and Middle Egyptians.

Never have I stated modern Egyptians were black,but I did state that many modern Egyptians would be considered ''black'' in the United States. The definition of what is a ''black'' Africa is semantics.

Opinions of modern Egyptians have relativly nothing to do with the ethnic origins of the ancient Egyptians.

Please don't tell me about Upper Egyptians when my family comes from there. Stay in Giza,Cairo,or Alexandria. Don't tell me about Upper Egypt please!!!!

quote:

---

Originally posted by ausar:

The truth is modern Egyptians are mixed people that have a African background. Northern Egyptians and Egyptians in Middle Egypt are mixed. Southern Upper Egyptians living in Luxor to Aswan are more pure than Northern and Middle Egyptians.

Never have I stated modern Egyptians were black,but I did state that many modern Egyptians would be considered ''black'' in the United States. The definition of what is a ''black'' Africa is semantics.

Opinions of modern Egyptians have relativly nothing to do with the ethnic origins of the ancient Egyptians.

Please don't tell me about Upper Egyptians when my family comes from there. Stay in Giza,Cairo,or Alexandria. Don't tell me about Upper Egypt please!!!!

---

lol... i thought giza readily accepted the idea that lower egypt was a mixed pop....whereas the uppers were more pure in terms of admixture thus closely representive of the AEs... opposition..giza-rider..aka..abzaa. opened threads titled negroid pop invading egypt or something alike..

Mali, people in Middle Egypt have some recent Bedouin and Berber admixture. When I say Middle Egypt I mean areas like Asyut,Minya,Fayoum,and Sohag.

People in Luxor-Aswan might have some slight Arab admixture,but its definately less than areas in Lower and Middle Egypt.

Anyway, I made this topic to get people familiar with the rural history of Egypt. Most people are unfamilar with the pressence of different tribal groups in Middle Egypt.