Not sure if this study has been reviewed on this forum allready?
Post:
Coudray C, Guitard E, El-Chennawi F, Larrouy G, Dugoujon JM. Related Articles, Links Allele frequencies of 15 short tandem repeats (STRs) in three Egyptian populations of different ethnic groups. Anthropology Centre, CNRS FRE 2960, 37 allees Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France.
DNA typing of 15 short tandem repeat (STR) loci included in the AmpFlSTR Identifilertrade mark PCR amplification kit (Applied Biosystems), was carried out in three Egyptian populations of different ethnic groups: the Berbers from the Siwa oasis (in the North-Western Egyptian desert), the Muslims and the Copts from Adaima (Upper Egypt). A total of 297 individuals were typed. After Bonferroni's correction, no deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed for all samples at the 15 STR loci. All loci are highly polymorphic and population differentiation tests showed that 7, 10 and 8 out of 15 loci have significant differences between the Berbers and the Muslim samples, between the Berbers and the Copts, and between the two samples from Adaima, respectively. Comparative analyses between our population data and other geographically related populations gathered from the literature were performed.
Posts: 2007 | From: Washington State | Registered: Oct 2006
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posted
I have the full text to this article but I don't understand the results.
Posts: 8675 | From: Tukuler al~Takruri as Ardo since OCT2014 | Registered: Feb 2003
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"Excavations at Wadi Rayyan have revealed Egyptian artefacts of Nagada I date (3900-3750 BC), such as diorite convex topped disc-shaped maceheads and unifacial knives. This type of macehead was most common in Lower Nubian, their occurrence in the oases and at Maadi indicates greater contact between the upper Nile and Lower Egypt. The Wadi Rayyan area was probably producing produce for both the local and extended elite, transporting goods between Jordan and the Nile Delta by donkey."
Posts: 2007 | From: Washington State | Registered: Oct 2006
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quote:Originally posted by Evergreen: [QUOTE]Excavations at Wadi Rayyan have revealed Egyptian artefacts of Nagada I date (3900-3750 BC), such as diorite convex topped disc-shaped maceheads and unifacial knives. This type of macehead was most common in Lower Nubian, their occurrence in the oases and at Maadi indicates greater contact between the upper Nile and Lower Egypt. The Wadi Rayyan area was probably producing produce for both the local and extended elite, transporting goods between Jordan and the Nile Delta by donkey."
The Wadi Rayyan Archaeological Project (WRAP), Jordan. Olives are the essence of the Mediterranean region today and evoke powerful images of the climate, cuisine and social environment of the region. In 1993 Alex Joffe published his Settlement and Society in the Early Bronze Age I and II, Southern Levant in which he claimed that the export of olive oil to Egypt was the impetus for the Early Bronze Age (EBA) urbanisation process in the southern Levant (Israel, Jordan and Palestine). His idea was that the production and subsequent trade in olive oil (perhaps considered a luxury good) provided the mechanism for regular contact between the rural southern Levant and the highly centralised Egyptian state, which then prompted the state formation process in the Levant (ca 3500 BCE onwards). It has also been more recently suggested that the preceding Chalcolithic period saw a great number of political and economic changes and these might well have been triggered by prehistoric contact with the Egyptian delta which began as early as the Neolithic. In 1993 there was little direct evidence to support an EBA olive oil production, but recent excavations at Chalcolithic (4500-3500 BCE) sites in Jordan and Israel have revealed, for the first time, evidence for the domestication of the olive (Meadows 2001, 2005).
The wadi Rayyan sites provide a perfect opportunity to test the relationship between olive domestication and settlement patterns in later prehistory. Both have abundant evidence of agricultural processing (features cut into the bedrock) and both have clear evidence of Chalcolithic/EBA occupation.
These two sites, probably satellites of the larger Jordan valley townships, are chronologically on the cusp of state formation processes in the southern Levant (3500 - 3000 BCE) and invite discussions about the relationships between small and large villages and towns in an ecologically diverse agricultural landscape. It is possible that the olive producing highlands relied upon the valley sites to supply grain and other staples and this has huge implications for our understanding of the organisation and complexity of the rural hinterland in the Late Chalcolithic and EBA.
For further information on this project please contact the project director:
Dr Jaimie Lovell
Posts: 2007 | From: Washington State | Registered: Oct 2006
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posted
What were the results of the First test of the Muslims & Copts of Adaima which is north of Aswan and South of Luxor there are alot of Fellahin & Saeedis i would really like to know the results. Also the Berbers that were tested what dailect of Berber do they speak.
-------------------- Hikuptah Al-Masri Posts: 526 | From: Aswan Egypt | Registered: Jun 2006
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quote:Originally posted by Hikuptah: What were the results of the First test of the Muslims & Copts of Adaima which is north of Aswan and South of Luxor there are alot of Fellahin & Saeedis i would really like to know the results. Also the Berbers that were tested what dailect of Berber do they speak.
Evergreen Writes:
Hopefully Ausar will share some of the highlights from this study with the forum?
Posts: 2007 | From: Washington State | Registered: Oct 2006
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quote:Originally posted by Evergreen: [QUOTE]Excavations at Wadi Rayyan have revealed Egyptian artefacts of Nagada I date (3900-3750 BC), such as diorite convex topped disc-shaped maceheads and unifacial knives. This type of macehead was most common in Lower Nubian, their occurrence in the oases and at Maadi indicates greater contact between the upper Nile and Lower Egypt. The Wadi Rayyan area was probably producing produce for both the local and extended elite, transporting goods between Jordan and the Nile Delta by donkey."
"His idea was that the production and subsequent trade in olive oil(perhaps considered a luxury good) provided the mechanism for regular contact between the rural southern Levant and the highly centralised Egyptian state, which then prompted the state formation process in the Levant (ca 3500 BCE onwards)."
Evergreen Writes:
This new evidence seems to be turning the Asiatic origin of Egypt theory on it's head. This new research seems to indicate, as the ancient Biblical sources assert, that 'civilization' came FROM Africa TO Caanan (Israel, Jordan and Palestine).
P.S. - Don't forget that the Donkey was domesticated by Africans first!
Posts: 2007 | From: Washington State | Registered: Oct 2006
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posted
"Asiatic origin of Egypt" has long been discredited; not sure if such claim ever had a leg to stand on. It was easier [according to the mindset of the advocates] to suggest that Nile Valley inhabitants were not "really" African, or 'fully' African [African here, was usually taken as a euphemism for "black" Africans], than to suggest that the cultural complexes along the Nile Valley weren't indigenous to that landscape.
Posts: 5964 | Registered: Jan 2005
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posted
I will upload the study and allow people to view it for themselves. I don't understand the study enough to cite it.
Posts: 8675 | From: Tukuler al~Takruri as Ardo since OCT2014 | Registered: Feb 2003
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posted
^Yes, please do. I too am interested in the early history of the Siwa and other western oasis areas.
Posts: 26286 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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Study of GM Immunoglobulin Allotypes in Berbers from Egypt (Siwa Oasis)
Coudray et al.
"The first Berbers would have come from the East (colonisation by Egyptian Proto-Mediterraneans going to the Maghreb) or from the West (secondary migration of Berbers from the Maghreb towards Egypt)."
"The results show that Siwan Berbers are composed of more than 45% of Gm haplotypes common in European populations and of more than 50% of "sub-saharan" haplotypes. These data contrast with those collected for Berbers from North-West Africa where we only find a "sub-saharan" contribution of about 20%."
"There is neither correspondence between the genetics and linguistics since the Egyptian Berbers are clearly related to East African populations whose dialects belong to a different linguistic family (Semitic and Cushitic)."
Posts: 2007 | From: Washington State | Registered: Oct 2006
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3 Département de Bilogie, Université Chouaïb Doukkali, Faculté des Sciences, El Jadida, Maroc
4 Université Mohamed 1er, Faculté des Sciences d’Oujda, Oujda, Maroc
5 Departament de Biologia Animal, Antropologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Espagne
Key words: Immunoglobulin allotypes, Berbers, Morocco, Human Populations Genetics.
Abstract The Gm immunoglobulin allotypes were studied in four Berber populations from Morocco (from Khenifra, Amizmiz, Asni and Bourhia) and in one Moroccan Arab population from Doukkala so as to characterize the genetic relationships between North African groups. The analyses of polymorphism confirm that Berbers are geographically and genetically intermediates between European (principal component) and sub-Saharan (contribution of about 20 %) populations. The results reveal also a close genetic similarity between Moroccans Berbers and Arabic-speakers who have different culture and language. The distribution of Gm haplotypes lets suppose that actual Arabs and Berbers from the Western areas of Maghreb share common ancestors – probably the first inhabitants of North Africa – who would have differently undergone the consequences of the various historic invasions, in particular Arab invasions. Our results were compared with those obtained from other Berber populations (from Algeria and Tunisia) and from East-African and sub-Saharan groups.
Abstract The origin of the Berber populations is not clearly established today but their ancestors are considered as the oldest inhabitants of North Africa since the Upper Palaeolithic or the Neolithic.
Then, the historical period is marked by successive invasions and conquests that caused important changes on North-African autochthonous people. By studying present-day Berber populations it may be possible to describe both cultural and religious changes, in the context of the North-African settlement.
Within the EUROCORES framework "The Origin of Man, Language and Languages" (OMLL), we describe here the genetic structure of several Berber-speakers. We study 2 genetic polymorphisms: the GM immunoglobulin allotypic system and 13 autosomal microsatellites (STR). The aim of the work is to characterize both the cultural and genetic relationships between North-African Berbers and between the Berbers and geographically related populations.
The analyses reveal the correspondence between GM and STR results. We see (1) a clear genetic differentiation between North-West and North-East African Berbers; (2) a relationship between North-West African Berbers and South-West European populations; (3) in Morocco, a genetic distinction between Arabic- and Berber-speakers.
Finally, it seems that the present-day Berbers bear some old traces of the North-African settlement. Moreover, they have preserved their cultural identity in spite of the successive past events.
-------------------- Black Roots. Posts: 2007 | From: Washington State | Registered: Oct 2006
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quote:Originally posted by Evergreen: The analyses reveal the correspondence between GM and STR results. We see (1) a clear genetic differentiation between North-West and North-East African Berbers; (2) a relationship between North-West African Berbers and South-West European populations; (3) in Morocco, a genetic distinction between Arabic- and Berber-speakers.
Evergreen Writes:
NW African and NE African Berber speakers are connected via the y-chromosome lineage E3b2. NW African and NE African Berber speakers are differentiated by high frequiencies of European mtDNA haplogroup H in NW African Berbers and indigenous tropical African mtDNA in NE African Berber speakers. In that the Berber language and modal y-chromsome lineage both derive in NE Africa, it is safe to say that the ORIGINAL Berbers had tropical African maternal lineages just like the Siwa.
Posts: 2007 | From: Washington State | Registered: Oct 2006
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The analyses reveal the correspondence between GM and STR results. We see (1) a clear genetic differentiation between North-West and North-East African Berbers; (2) a relationship between North-West African Berbers and South-West European populations; (3) in Morocco, a genetic distinction between Arabic- and Berber-speakers.
Given the intentions of the study, the results could be instructive, but at the same time, inadvertently invokes the 'division' of Africans and finding a 'unifying factor' with Europeans.
Posts: 5964 | Registered: Jan 2005
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60% E-V6, B-M109 and 75% West Eurasian maternally.
Seen this power point viewer presentation before, but what specifically does "West Eurasian" entail here, aside from H1 and H3? I know that H1 was only 1% and H3 0%; this leaves the question of what percentage represents the other mtDNA lineages per clade, aside from mentioned frequencies of the African ones like M1, L derivatives [L1, L3e, and L4g], and U6.
Posts: 5964 | Registered: Jan 2005
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"60% E-V6, B-M109 and 75% West Eurasian maternally."
Does this information still stand? I was always under the impression that E-V6 had only been sampled in individuals from Ethiopia?
Posts: 2463 | From: New Jersey USA | Registered: Dec 2007
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I was always under the impression that E-V6 had only been sampled in individuals from Ethiopia?
"Mainly" in Ethiopian samples, yes. However, it has also been located in a Somali and Kenyan [Nilo-Saharan] sample respectively. The figure given above though, puts the marker at a greater frequency amongst the Siwa than it does the Ethiopian examples.
Posts: 7516 | From: Somewhere on Earth | Registered: Jan 2008
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