posted
Previous thread never had much text posted. full text. Link to full PDF at bottom of abstract.
Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese: Restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history.
Hisham Y. Hassan 1, Peter A. Underhill 2, Luca L. Cavalli-Sforza 2, Muntaser E. Ibrahim 1 *
"We study the major levels of Y-chromosome haplogroup variation in 15 Sudanese populations by typing major Y-haplogroups in 445 unrelated males representing the three linguistic families in Sudan. Our analysis shows Sudanese populations fall into haplogroups A, B, E, F, I, J, K, and R in frequencies of 16.9, 7.9, 34.4, 3.1, 1.3, 22.5, 0.9, and 13% respectively. Haplogroups A, B, and E occur mainly in Nilo-Saharan speaking groups including Nilotics, Fur, Borgu, and Masalit; whereas haplogroups F, I, J, K, and R are more frequent among Afro-Asiatic speaking groups including Arabs, Beja, Copts, and Hausa, and Niger-Congo speakers from the Fulani ethnic group. Mantel tests reveal a strong correlation between genetic and linguistic structures (r = 0.31, P = 0.007), and a similar correlation between genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.29, P = 0.025) that appears after removing nomadic pastoralists of no known geographic locality from the analysis. The bulk of genetic diversity appears to be a consequence of recent migrations and demographic events mainly from Asia and Europe, evident in a higher migration rate for speakers of Afro-Asiatic as compared with the Nilo-Saharan family of languages, and a generally higher effective population size for the former. The data provide insights not only into the history of the Nile Valley, but also in part to the history of Africa and the area of the Sahel. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008."
There is an older reference to the Copts, that seems in part to be confirmed by this study as to their ancient role in peopling Egypt.
NEW "The Copt samples displayed a most interesting Y-profile, enough (as much as that of Gaalien in Sudan) to suggest that they actually represent a living record of the peopling of Egypt. The significant frequency of B-M60 in this group might be a relic of a history of colonization of southern Egypt probably by Nilotics in the early state formation, something that conforms both to recorded history and to Egyptian mythology." (Hassan, et al. (2008). Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese)
OLD "In Libya, which is mostly desert and oasis, there is a visible Negroid element in the sedentary populations, and at the same is true of the Fellahin of Egypt, whether Copt or Muslim. Osteological studies have shown that the Negroid element was stronger in predynastic times than at present, reflecting an early movement northward along the banks of the Nile, which were then heavily forested." (Encyclopedia Britannica 1974 and 1982 eds. "Populations, Human")
posted
Also from the study was new data on the Masalit and the Fur of Darfur and western Sudan. They too were sampled to have high frequencies of M78 v32 lineages. Is there any supplemental data that we can find?
I think Sudan is vastly understudied and all areas.
Posts: 2463 | From: New Jersey USA | Registered: Dec 2007
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posted
^ Indeed, even the archaeological studies or 'Nubiology' is vastly underfunded compared to that of the more popular Egyptology to their north.
Speaking of which...
"The Copt samples displayed a most interesting Y-profile, enough (as much as that of Gaalien in Sudan) to suggest that they actually represent a living record of the peopling of Egypt. The significant frequency of B-M60 in this group might be a relic of a history of colonization of southern Egypt probably by Nilotics in the early state formation, something that conforms both to recorded history and to Egyptian mythology." (Hassan, et al. (2008). Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese)
Exactly which predynastic people does this part refer to? The Anu people??
Posts: 26249 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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posted
The R1-M173 [~ 54%] chromosomes of the Sudanese Fulani, not inconsistent with *some* west African Fulani , is one area of noteworthy. These are highly likely those familiar undifferentiated R1*-M173 chromosomes found in Cameroon, and yes, Egypt as well. Also see blog post: More on R1*-M173 bearers
The authors of this study of course do not specifically tell us this, about the paragroup character of these chromosomes, because their intra-phylogenetic resolution for R1 was not too comprehensive or sharp enough to begin with; but we know that those chromosomes didn't belong R1b, which is the predominant type in western Europe, and which was specifically tested for in this study.
Recall that Cruciani et al. also come across said paragroup of R1*-M173 in their Fulani samples from Cameroon.
Posts: 7516 | From: Somewhere on Earth | Registered: Jan 2008
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posted
^ Good point. There is also the fact that forms of R1 are also found farther north in the lower Nile of Egypt.
Posts: 26249 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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