...
EgyptSearch Forums Post New Topic  New Poll  Post A Reply
my profile | directory login | register | search | faq | forum home

  next oldest topic   next newest topic
» EgyptSearch Forums » Egyptology » Burrows Cave real or fake (Page 2)

 - UBBFriend: Email this page to someone!   This topic comprises 2 pages: 1  2   
Author Topic: Burrows Cave real or fake
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
 -


http://www.asiawind.com/china-mapped-the-world-before-columbus/

-

China mapped world before Columbus
Chinese mapped the world before Columbus – The Impossible Black Tulip “Kun Yu Wan Guo Quan Tu”, a 1430 Chinese World Map

Siu-Leung Lee, PhD (2013.10.01)

In 1602, the Italian Jesuit Matteo Ricci presented a world map to Ming Emperor Wanli (萬曆). A zoomable copy of the map is available on the Internet at:

University of Minnesota Bell Library - black and white (same as LOC)
Library of Congress - black and white (Wikipedia)
Tohoku University - color (Wikipedia)
1602map

1602map-colorIt has always been thought to be translated and compiled from maps by Ortelius and Mercator, who are considered to be the two most important figures in modern cartography. However, on close examination of the 1602 world map and the original maps of Ortelius and Mercator, it is clear that most of the information is not from European sources of Ricci’s time. Instead, the map is drawn around 1430 CE from Chinese information. This finding indicates that Ming Chinese already knew about the world 60 years before Christopher Columbus’ first voyage in 1492, and 90 years before Magellan’s circumnavigation in 1520. The geography of the 1602 world map reflects a world of 1430 in the eyes of Chinese, except for a few names added by Matteo Ricci.

This finding overturns the following historical dogma:

Ming Chinese mariners only reached East Africa
Columbus discovered America in 1492
Matteo Ricci brought world geography to China
The detailed research is published in my book:


Kunyu Wanguo World map

sted 26 May, 2016 11:36 PM Profile for mena7 Author's Homepage Send New Private Message Edit/Delete Post Reply With Quote
http://www.asiawind.com/china-mapped-the-world-before-columbus/impossible_black_tulip/

Impossible Black Tulip
The 1602 Chinese World Map is nicknamed Impossible Black Tulip because it is rare like a black tulip, and impossible by the European cartographic knowledge of its time. Not only is the 1602 World Map more accurate than the contemporaneous world maps by Ortelius and Mercator, it has geography not yet explored by Europeans until 200 some years later!

The following key points are incompatible with the notion that the 1602 Map is derived from maps by Ortelius and Mercator:

Pasquale d’Elia translated 1602 Map into Italian. Why didn’t he extract them from the maps of Ortelius and Mercator?
50% of the place names on 1602 Map have no equivalent on maps by Ortelius and Mercator. Where did Ricci get the information?
The errors of the Ulpius globe and maps by Ortelius, Mercator, Aleni and many other European cartographers are not reproduced on 1602 Map, showing the 1602 Map is not a copy of the European maps.
1602 Map place names of America are geographically accurate 200 years before European exploration.
A copy of original maps can never exceed in accuracy and detail of its master blueprint . How could all these happen if 1602 Map was adapted from maps by Ortelius and Mercator?

The 1602 world map labels all the oceans using China as the center of reference. The ocean off Japan is Small East Ocean, off California is Large East Ocean. Indian Ocean is Small West Ocean and the Atlantic is Large West Ocean. The nomenclature of Small West Ocean is east of Europe. But, why did Chinese name Large West Ocean unless they knew it was bigger than the Indian Ocean (Small West Ocean)? To tell the size of which ocean is larger, Ming Chinese must have cross the Large West Ocean (Atlantic Ocean). The name Large West Ocean persists till today. If indeed Ricci named the oceans with China as the center, the following errors in European cartography do not make sense.

A globe by Euphrosynus Ulpius in 1542 was commissioned by Cardinal Cervinus who later became Pope Marcellus II. On the west side of a very rough America that is mostly just Mexico is an ocean named Oceanus Oreientalis et Occidentalis, viz. East and West Ocean. How could a geographical name include both east and west? This globe is now in the the museum of New York Historical Society.


Ulpius globe 1542

A similar mistake is made by Giulio Aleni (1582-1649), who was a successor of Matteo Ricci to the Jesuit China mission. In Aleni’s map 萬國全圖 (“Map of Ten Thousand Nations” ) drawn around 1620, the West Ocean is west of Europe on the left hand side of the map, while the East Ocean is east of America on the right hand side of the map. But these two are actually the same ocean now we call Atlantic Ocean. This map is also attributed to Matteo Ricci. How could Ricci be correct on the 1602 Map and so erroneous on a much simpler map?


The Ulpius globe and the Aleni map made the same mistake of confusing east and west because the orientation of Europe is different from China. Apparently the concept of East Ocean and West Ocean was known to Europe. But how to place them with reference to Europe is a problem. The 1602 Map is correct because it was actually authored by Chinese using China as the reference. The error of Ulpius and Aleni could not be resolved with Europe as the center. The frequent explanation of Ricci putting China in the center to please the Chinese. It is not true.

Accurate maps cannot exist before exploration. The 1602 Map is geographically accurate about western North America, which was not explored until Lewis and Clark (1804-06). How did Ricci accomplish all these without leaving China? Besides, without aerial survey, no single person could have covered the geography of 2/3 of the United States and most of Canada. It is a job of hundreds of people for many years.

Ricci had the opportunity to visit Nanjing (南京 South Capital) and Beijing (北京 North Capital) of Ming dynasty. Emperor Zhu Di(朱棣, reign era Yongle永樂) constructed the palace in Beijing in 1421, replacing the South Capital established by his father Zhu Yuanzhang(朱元璋). Archives are kept at both palaces. In addition, Ricci was the first European ever allowed to enter the Forbidden City. By presenting a clock to emperor Wanli, he had the excuse to wind up the clock everyday to keep it working. With this legitimate reason, he could visit the Forbidden City. From the time he arrived in Beijing in early 1601 to the completion of the map in late autumn in 1602, Ricci had more than a year to access the imperial archives.

Instead of using the full name Kun Yu Wan Guo Quan Tu (坤輿萬國全圖), a long Chinese name which few people understand or remember, I have been calling it the 1602 Map according to the year it was presented to Emperor Wanli. In fact, the information of the map indicates it was mostly completed around 1430, some 60 years before Christopher Columbus set sail. The Europe portion of the map is even more outdated, likely before 1342, which further excludes Ricci, Ortelius and Mercator as the immediate source of the 1602 Map.

Such conclusions are drawn from place names on the 1602 Map. Details on dating the map and why Ricci’s authorship was not challenged by the Ming officials is discussed in the following section.

Siu-Leung Lee, PhD (2013.10.01)


http://www.asiawind.com/china-mapped-the-world-before-columbus/1602_map_not_sourced_from_ortelius_mercator/

hinese World Map in 1430
1602 World Map drawn by Ming Chinese in 1430

Siu-Leung Lee, PhD

Background

Year 1430 is the year when the great Chinese admiral Zheng He commenced the 7th and the last voyage in his 28-year career of exploring the world. He was first commissioned by Emperor Zhu Di (朱棣) in 1405 to launch a series of voyages for many reasons, mainly to establish trading relationship with other nations. Zhu Di is historically one of the most ambitious emperors who wants to accomplish great things in his reign. This workaholic emperor left his marks in the Forbidden City, major part of the Great Wall, the first Imperial collection of all books ever published (永樂大典), and the magnificent pagoda (大報恩寺, destroyed in 1856) in Nanjing in memory of his mother, each one an unprecedented achievement.

Zheng He completed 6 major voyages between 1405 and 1424. Upon Zhu Di’s death in 1424, all marine activities came to a halt. The next emperor Zhu Gaochi (朱高熾) resumed maritime ban. Zhu Gaochi’s reign lasted for only one year. His son Zhu Zhanji (朱瞻基) became Emperor Xuande (宣德) in 1426. By early 1430, Zhu Zhanji realized that fewer and fewer nations were visiting Ming China to trade. These little countries had no means of transportation to China without Ming’s fleet. Finally Emperor Xuande issued an edict, dispatching Zheng He for his last voyage to re-establish trading relations. Upon the death of Zhu Zhanji, Ming resumed the maritime ban again until 1567. The period of maritime ban 1435-1567 is significant in dating the construction of the 1602 map.

Every one of the seven voyages employed a crew of about 27,000 people on hundreds of large ships, some as big as a small aircraft carrier in World War II. The fleet was divided up in smaller groups on different routes. Some of the journeys lasted two to three years. With a total of 200,000 man-trips, the Ming exploration is at a capacity more than 1000-fold of any of the European explorers.

Unfortunately, most of Zheng He’s records were destroyed in wars during the transition of Ming and Qing, and the invasion of foreign powers in the 19th-20th century. The remaining records show Kenya as the farthest nation reached by Zheng He. This could hardly be convincing. Maritime “Porcelain Road” between China and West Asia started in Han dynasty (206 BCE – 22o CE). By Tang dynasty (618-907), Chinese porcelain with Islam design are already popular exports. With the support of a nation that owns 1/2 to 2/3 of the world’s GDP at that time, if Zheng He only achieved the same or less than what his predecessors did hundreds of years ago, he would not be qualified as the greatest mariner ever.

The actual completion date of the 1602 Map is ~1430

Above Spain on the 1602 Map, there is a note that says “This is Europe…. It has never established relations with China until 70 some years ago.” That is the secret.

1602Spain

While there were trading with Europe as far back as Han dynasty through the silk Road, the official relations of China and Europe was only established in Yuan dynasty (1271-1368) when a 50-clergyman Papal legation led by Giovanni de Marignolli visited China. They reached Beijing in 1342 and exchanged credentials with the Yuan Emperor. After staying for a few years, they were escorted back to Europe in 1347. Seventy some years from that period would fall between 1412 and 1426, exactly the time of Zheng He’s voyages.

If this note was written by Ricci when he completed the map in 1602, seventy some years before 1602 would be 1522-32, which is a period of maritime ban. If the statement referred to the maps Ortelius and Mercator, it would trace back to 1500, still in the maritime ban period. This statement excludes the authorship of Ricci and his adaptation of Ortelius and Mercator maps. This statement could be written only by Ming Chinese at the peak of Zheng He’s voyages.

The geography of Europe on the 1602 Map is obviously from the exchange between the Pope and the Yuan Khan. The Hereford Mappa Mundi dated around 1300 CE is representative of the cartography of this period. It should reflect the knowledge earlier than 1338 when Marignoli left for China.

During Marignoli’s journey, the Pope was in Avignon (1309-1378), corroborating with the absence of the Papal States in Italy on the 1602 Map. That is also a period before Tuscany and Florence became well known in Renaissance. That also explains why the Italy is badly shaped. It would take another 200 years for European cartography to reach the development of Ortelius and Mercator.

The colonial cities Veracruz(1519), Acapulco (1530), Sao Paulo (1532), Buenos Aires(1536), and Rio de Janeiro(1565) are all absent on the 1602 Map. Even though these are significant events in European history, Ricci did not update it on the map. For America, Ricci merely supplied names such as New Hispania (新以西把你亞), New France (新佛朗察), North America (北阿墨利加), South America (南阿墨利加).

China of Yongle and Xuande

The brevity of Europe and erroneous Italy on the 1602 Map are in sharp contrakywgqt-NEChinast to the detailed China with names associated with Yongle and Xuande’s reign. In northeast China, names along the route of Yongle’s campaign against Mongolians are labeled. Some of these names don’t even qualify as villages. They are merely landmarks of Yongle’s battles. A revealing name is Yu Mu Chuan (榆木川), the place where Yongle died in 1424 on his way back from his last campaign. Other than that, there is no significance for this name. The map has to be drawn after 1424, the year Emperor Yongle died.

kywgqt-SWChina

A number of names in southwest China on the 1602 Map are only important during Yongle reign. These names were established by Yongle to resolve some local conflicts. In addition, they are landmarks along the Tea-Horse Route of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi for transporting goods from the maritime trade.

The name Annan (安南) is another time stamp. Vietnam was called Jiaozhi (交趾)when it was a protectorate of China, and Annan when it was more independent. Vietnam was under the administration of Ming court most of the time until Xuande pronounced Vietnam a self -

kywgqt-Annan-Jiaozhi

governing state Annan(安南) in 1428. In the 1602 Map, Vietnam is named Annan, including Jiaozhi as the old name. The inclusion of Jiaozhi only happened shortly after 1428, showing the date of completion of the map. One hundred fifty years later when Ricci was visiting China, the name Jiaozhi was dropped.

The above two events indicate that the map was drawn shortly after 1428. Since Yongle died in 1424, no maritime activity was permitted until 1430. I believe the map was prepared a guide shortly before the last grand voyage of 1430. By the time of Ricci, the Tea-Horse routes have lost their significance. There is no point in labeling them on a world map.

Other evidence using place names of Africa also indicates the completion date of this map is no later than 1440. This part discussed in my book will not be elaborate in here.

http://www.asiawind.com/china-mapped-the-world-before-columbus/1602-world-map-drawn-by-chinese-in-1430/

Chinese World Map in 1430
1602 World Map drawn by Ming Chinese in 1430

Siu-Leung Lee, PhD

Background

Year 1430 is the year when the great Chinese admiral Zheng He commenced the 7th and the last voyage in his 28-year career of exploring the world. He was first commissioned by Emperor Zhu Di (朱棣) in 1405 to launch a series of voyages for many reasons, mainly to establish trading relationship with other nations. Zhu Di is historically one of the most ambitious emperors who wants to accomplish great things in his reign. This workaholic emperor left his marks in the Forbidden City, major part of the Great Wall, the first Imperial collection of all books ever published (永樂大典), and the magnificent pagoda (大報恩寺, destroyed in 1856) in Nanjing in memory of his mother, each one an unprecedented achievement.

Zheng He completed 6 major voyages between 1405 and 1424. Upon Zhu Di’s death in 1424, all marine activities came to a halt. The next emperor Zhu Gaochi (朱高熾) resumed maritime ban. Zhu Gaochi’s reign lasted for only one year. His son Zhu Zhanji (朱瞻基) became Emperor Xuande (宣德) in 1426. By early 1430, Zhu Zhanji realized that fewer and fewer nations were visiting Ming China to trade. These little countries had no means of transportation to China without Ming’s fleet. Finally Emperor Xuande issued an edict, dispatching Zheng He for his last voyage to re-establish trading relations. Upon the death of Zhu Zhanji, Ming resumed the maritime ban again until 1567. The period of maritime ban 1435-1567 is significant in dating the construction of the 1602 map.

Every one of the seven voyages employed a crew of about 27,000 people on hundreds of large ships, some as big as a small aircraft carrier in World War II. The fleet was divided up in smaller groups on different routes. Some of the journeys lasted two to three years. With a total of 200,000 man-trips, the Ming exploration is at a capacity more than 1000-fold of any of the European explorers.

Unfortunately, most of Zheng He’s records were destroyed in wars during the transition of Ming and Qing, and the invasion of foreign powers in the 19th-20th century. The remaining records show Kenya as the farthest nation reached by Zheng He. This could hardly be convincing. Maritime “Porcelain Road” between China and West Asia started in Han dynasty (206 BCE – 22o CE). By Tang dynasty (618-907), Chinese porcelain with Islam design are already popular exports. With the support of a nation that owns 1/2 to 2/3 of the world’s GDP at that time, if Zheng He only achieved the same or less than what his predecessors did hundreds of years ago, he would not be qualified as the greatest mariner ever.

The actual completion date of the 1602 Map is ~1430

Above Spain on the 1602 Map, there is a note that says “This is Europe…. It has never established relations with China until 70 some years ago.” That is the secret.

1602Spain

While there were trading with Europe as far back as Han dynasty through the silk Road, the official relations of China and Europe was only established in Yuan dynasty (1271-1368) when a 50-clergyman Papal legation led by Giovanni de Marignolli visited China. They reached Beijing in 1342 and exchanged credentials with the Yuan Emperor. After staying for a few years, they were escorted back to Europe in 1347. Seventy some years from that period would fall between 1412 and 1426, exactly the time of Zheng He’s voyages.

If this note was written by Ricci when he completed the map in 1602, seventy some years before 1602 would be 1522-32, which is a period of maritime ban. If the statement referred to the maps Ortelius and Mercator, it would trace back to 1500, still in the maritime ban period. This statement excludes the authorship of Ricci and his adaptation of Ortelius and Mercator maps. This statement could be written only by Ming Chinese at the peak of Zheng He’s voyages.

The geography of Europe on the 1602 Map is obviously from the exchange between the Pope and the Yuan Khan. The Hereford Mappa Mundi dated around 1300 CE is representative of the cartography of this period. It should reflect the knowledge earlier than 1338 when Marignoli left for China.

During Marignoli’s journey, the Pope was in Avignon (1309-1378), corroborating with the absence of the Papal States in Italy on the 1602 Map. That is also a period before Tuscany and Florence became well known in Renaissance. That also explains why the Italy is badly shaped. It would take another 200 years for European cartography to reach the development of Ortelius and Mercator.

The colonial cities Veracruz(1519), Acapulco (1530), Sao Paulo (1532), Buenos Aires(1536), and Rio de Janeiro(1565) are all absent on the 1602 Map. Even though these are significant events in European history, Ricci did not update it on the map. For America, Ricci merely supplied names such as New Hispania (新以西把你亞), New France (新佛朗察), North America (北阿墨利加), South America (南阿墨利加).

China of Yongle and Xuande

The brevity of Europe and erroneous Italy on the 1602 Map are in sharp contrakywgqt-NEChinast to the detailed China with names associated with Yongle and Xuande’s reign. In northeast China, names along the route of Yongle’s campaign against Mongolians are labeled. Some of these names don’t even qualify as villages. They are merely landmarks of Yongle’s battles. A revealing name is Yu Mu Chuan (榆木川), the place where Yongle died in 1424 on his way back from his last campaign. Other than that, there is no significance for this name. The map has to be drawn after 1424, the year Emperor Yongle died.

kywgqt-SWChina

A number of names in southwest China on the 1602 Map are only important during Yongle reign. These names were established by Yongle to resolve some local conflicts. In addition, they are landmarks along the Tea-Horse Route of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi for transporting goods from the maritime trade.

The name Annan (安南) is another time stamp. Vietnam was called Jiaozhi (交趾)when it was a protectorate of China, and Annan when it was more independent. Vietnam was under the administration of Ming court most of the time until Xuande pronounced Vietnam a self -

kywgqt-Annan-Jiaozhi

governing state Annan(安南) in 1428. In the 1602 Map, Vietnam is named Annan, including Jiaozhi as the old name. The inclusion of Jiaozhi only happened shortly after 1428, showing the date of completion of the map. One hundred fifty years later when Ricci was visiting China, the name Jiaozhi was dropped.

The above two events indicate that the map was drawn shortly after 1428. Since Yongle died in 1424, no maritime activity was permitted until 1430. I believe the map was prepared a guide shortly before the last grand voyage of 1430. By the time of Ricci, the Tea-Horse routes have lost their significance. There is no point in labeling them on a world map.

Other evidence using place names of Africa also indicates the completion date of this map is no later than 1440. This part discussed in my book will not be elaborate in here.

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=15;t=011484;p=1#000001

http://www.iflscience.com/space/a-decade-of-work-has-decoded-this-ancient-greek-astronomy-computer/


 -

A Decade Of Work Has Decoded This Ancient Greek Astronomy "Computer"

31.2K
SHARES
Share on Facebook Share on Twitter
SPACE

FRAGMENTS OF THE ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM. JAYSMARK/FLICKR (CC BY 2.0).
Tom Hale
By Tom Hale
13/06/2016, 17:13
The Antikythera Mechanism is like something out of an Indiana Jones film. This 2,000-year-old “computer” was used by the ancient Greeks to map astronomical movements and predict the movement of the stars. Now, an international team of researchers has edged a little closer to fully appreciating the mysteries of this seemingly otherworldly object.

The Antikythera Mechanism was discovered in a shipwreck by sponge divers in 1900. There’s some debate as to when exactly it dates from, however, most historians agree it was at some point between 60 BCE and 200 BCE. Using a series of bronze gears, it was used to predict eclipses, track the movements of the Sun, Moon, and stars, and the positions of the five planets then known to the Greeks: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. The abilities of this enigmatic device make it stand out as hundreds, if not thousands, of years ahead of other similar technology of the time.

The new study has deciphered the text on the device‘s 82 remaining fragments using X-ray scanning and newly developed imaging technology. Many of the ancient Greek inscriptions were not visible to the naked eye, mainly because the text is so small – some letters are only 1.2 millimeters high. Hundreds of years of wear and tear to the machine, as well as build up of sediment, had equally rendered much of the writing unreadable.


An up-close shot of the Antikythera Mechanism at the National Archaeological Museum in Athens, Greece. Garrett Ziegler/Flickr. (CC B

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/06/14/the-worlds-oldest-computer-is-still-revealing-its-secrets/

The world’s oldest computer is still revealing its secrets

By Sarah Kaplan June 14
What we know about the world's first mechanical computer Play Video1:18
An international team of archaeologists, astronomers and historians have spent the past 10 years deciphering the many mysteries of the Antikythera Mechanism, the world's first mechanical computer. (Thomas Johnson/The Washington Post)
Item 15087 wasn't much to look at, particularly compared to other wonders uncovered from the shipwreck at Antikythera, Greece, in 1901. The underwater excavation revealed gorgeous bronze sculptures, ropes of decadent jewelry and a treasure trove of antique coins.

Amid all that splendor, who could have guessed that a shoebox-size mangled bronze machine, its inscriptions barely legible, its gears calcified and corroded, would be the discovery that could captivate scientists for more than a century?

"In this very small volume of messed-up corroded metal you have packed in there enough knowledge to fill several books telling us about ancient technology, ancient science and the way these interacted with the broader culture of the time," said Alexander Jones, a historian of ancient science at New York University's Institute for the Study of the Ancient World. "It would be hard to dispute that this is the single most information-rich object that has been uncovered by archaeologists from ancient times."

Jones is part of an international team of archaeologists, astronomers and historians who have labored for the past 10 years to decipher the mechanism's many mysteries. The results of their research, including the text of a long explanatory "label" revealed through X-ray analysis, were just published in a special issue of the journal Almagest, which examines the history and philosophy of science.

The findings substantially improve our understanding of the instrument's origins and purpose, Jones said, offering hints at where and by whom the mechanism was made, and how it might have been used. It looks increasingly like a "philosopher's guide to the galaxy," as the Associated Press put it — functioning as a teaching tool, a status symbol and an elaborate celebration of the wonders of ancient science and technology.

[The key to these ancient riddles may lie in a father's love for his dead son]

In its prime, about 2,100 years ago, the Antikythera (an-ti-KEE-thur-a) Mechanism was a complex, whirling, clockwork instrument comprising at least 30 bronze gears bearing thousands of interlocking tiny teeth. Powered by a single hand crank, the machine modeled the passage of time and the movements of celestial bodies with astonishing precision. It had dials that counted the days according to at least three different calendars, and another that could be used to calculate the timing of the Olympics. Pointers representing the stars and planets revolved around its front face, indicating their position in relation to Earth. A tiny, painted model of the moon rotated on a spindly axis, flashing black and white to mimic the real moon's waxing and waning.


The sum of all these moving parts was far and away the most sophisticated piece of machinery found from ancient Greece. Nothing like it would appear again until the 14th century, when the earliest geared clocks began to be built in Europe. For the first half century after its discovery, researchers believed that the Antikythera Mechanism had to be something simpler than it seemed, like an astrolabe. How could the Greeks have developed the technology needed to create something so precise, so perfect — only to have it vanish for 1,400 years?

But then Derek de Solla Price, a polymath physicist and science historian at Yale University, traveled to the National Archaeological Museum in Athens to take a look at the enigmatic piece of machinery. In a 1959 paper in Scientific American, he posited that the Antikythera Mechanism was actually the world's first known "computer," capable of calculating astronomical events and illustrating the workings of the universe. Over the next two and a half decades, he described in meticulous detail how the mechanism's diverse functions could be elucidated from the relationships among its intricately interlocked gears.

"Nothing like this instrument is preserved elsewhere. Nothing comparable to it is known from any ancient scientific text or literary allusion," he wrote.


That wasn't completely accurate — Cicero wrote of a instrument made by the first century BCE scholar Posidonius of Rhodes that "at each revolution reproduces the same motions of the Sun, the Moon and the five planets that take place in the heavens every day and night." But it was true that the existence of the Antikythera Mechanism challenged all of scientists' assumptions about what the ancient Greeks were capable of.

"It is a bit frightening to know that just before the fall of their great civilization the ancient Greeks had come so close to our age, not only in their thought, but also in their scientific technology," Price said.

Still, the degree of damage to the ancient plates and gears meant that many key questions about the the instrument couldn't be answered with the technology of Price's day. Many of the internal workings were clogged or corroded, and the inscriptions were faded or covered up by plates that had been crushed together.


[Broken pottery reveals the sheer devastation caused by the Black Death]

Enter X-ray scanning and imaging technology, which have finally become powerful enough to allow researchers to peer beneath the machine's calcified surfaces. A decade ago, a diverse group of scientists teamed up to form the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project (AMRP), which would take advantage of that new capability. Their initial results, which illuminated some of the complex inner workings of the machine, were exciting enough to persuade Jones to jump on board.

Fluent in Ancient Greek, he was able to translate the hundreds of new characters revealed in the advanced imaging process.

"Before, we had scraps of the text that was hiding inside these fragments, but there was still a lot of noise," he said. By combining X-ray images with the impressions left on material that had stuck to the original bronze, "it was like a double jigsaw puzzle that we were able to use for a much clearer reading."

The main discovery was a more than 3,500-word explanatory text on the main plate of the instrument. It's not quite an instruction manual — speaking to reporters, Jones's colleague Mike Edmunds compared it to the long label beside an item in a museum display, according to the AP.

“It’s not telling you how to use it. It says, ‘What you see is such and such,’ rather than, ‘Turn this knob and it shows you something,’ " he explained.


An undated photo released by the Greek Ministry of Culture shows a diver wearing a robotic Exosuit while exploring the famous Antikythera shipwreck. (EPA/GREEK MINISTRY OF CULTURE)
Other newly translated excerpts included descriptions of a calendar unique to the northern Greek city of Corinth and tiny orbs — now believed lost to the sandy sea bottom — that once moved across the instrument's face in perfect simulation of the true motion of the five known planets, as well as a mark on the dial that gave the dates of various athletic events, including a relatively minor competition that was held in the city of Rhodes.

That indicates that the mechanism may have been built in Rhodes — a theory boosted by the fact that much of the pottery uncovered by the shipwreck was characteristic of that city. The craftsmanship of the instrument, and the two distinct sets of handwriting evident in the inscriptions, makes Jones believe that it was a team effort from a small workshop that may have produced similar items. True, no other Antikythera Mechanisms have been found, but that doesn't mean they never existed. Plenty of ancient bronze artifacts were melted down for scrap (indeed, the mechanism itself may have included material from other objects).


It's likely that this particular mechanism and the associated Antikythera treasures were en route to a Roman port, where they'd be sold to wealthy nobles who collected rare antiques and intellectual curiosities to adorn their homes.


Visualizations showing how researchers enhanced images of the eroded inscriptions on the Antikythera Mechanism. (Antikythera Mechanism Research Project)
The elegant complexity of the mechanism – and the use its makers designed it for – are emblematic of the values of the ancient world: For example, a dial that predicts the occurrence of eclipses to the precision of a day also purports to forecast what the color of the moon and weather in the region will be that day. To modern scientists, the three phenomena are entirely distinct from one another — eclipses depend on the predictable movements of the sun, moon and planets, the color of the moon on the scattering of light in Earth's atmosphere, and the weather on difficult-to-track local conditions. Astronomers may be able to forecast an eclipse years in advance, but there's no scientific way to know the weather that far out (just ask our friends at the Capital Weather Gang).

Speaking of Science newsletter
The latest and greatest in science news.
Sign up
But to an ancient Greek, the three concerns were inextricably linked. It was believed that an eclipse could portend a famine, an uprising, a nation's fate in war.

"Things like eclipses were regarded as having ominous significance," Jones said. It would have made perfect sense to tie together "these things that are purely astronomical with things that are more cultural, like the Olympic games, and calendars, which is astronomy in service of religion and society, with astrology, which is pure religion."

That may go some way toward explaining the strange realization Price made more than 50 years ago: The ancient Greeks came dazzlingly close to inventing clockwork centuries sooner than really happened. That they chose to utilize the technology not to mark the minutes, but to plot out their place in the universe, shows just how deeply they regarded the significance of celestial events in their lives.

In a single instrument, Jones said, "they were trying to gather a whole range of things that were part of the Greek experience of the cosmos."

 -
Antikytera computer

 -
Antikytera astronomical clock

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
Artifacts from the lost tomb of Alexander the great
https://youtu.be/Q9l0wWzMKmg

Jesus Christ in North America, Burrows Cave
https://youtu.be/gl1MrHVfKHk

2000 years old immortal mummy still have soft skin and own hair
https://youtu.be/7VDIx5uhIWg

2000 year old mummified body of Lady Xin Zhui
https://youtu.be/iXgyLYtRrFw

The truth about the Reformation and Gregorian calendar
https://youtu.be/214QYY6h4Sc

World 10 mosts Mysterious monuments
https://youtu.be/C71z8Rp2xj0

10 Facts About the Bosnian Pyramids
https://youtu.be/tTjEN6owOE4

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
Padre Crespi Collection 2016
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tob2gG0R30&t=5s

--------------------
mena

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
http://www.ancient-origins.net/human-origins-folklore-opinion-guest-authors/australian-original-astronomical-rock-engravings-will?nopaging=1

 -

 -

 -

 -

Australian Original Astronomical rock Engravings will Rewrite World History
(Read the article on one page)
We are of the opinion the cluster of engraved astronomical markers found on a series of rock platforms is without parallel in Australia, and perhaps the world. Within a span of 3.5 kilometres there are at least 16 major rock platforms (at a location kept secret at this juncture) which contain no less than 3,500 star markers.
Conducted after extensive consultation with the relevant Original* Elders and Custodians, and set against a backdrop of an enormous amount of Dreaming stories focused “on top,” in particular the Seven Sisters (the Pleiades), the construction of so many markers is part of a trend, verging on obsession, the Original people had with distant celestial objects and constellations.
Our estimated tally of 3,500 star-markers is extremely conservative, many platforms are yet to be seen, and it is possible some will never be seen. We set ourselves two tasks: to determine the approximate number of star markers engraved and the possible reasons that inspired these people to devote so much time and effort chipping and pecking into rock.


To begin with, we are by no means the first to see these engravings, undeniably many have obviously seen the thousands of engraved circles over the years, but amongst non-Original circles nothing seems to have registered. It wasn’t until researcher Paul White was assessing the credentials of the extremely contentious set of 300 hieroglyphs found on three sandstone walls near Kariong, in work not related to any astronomical issues, he and his colleague came upon the set of star markers closest to the glyphs. Soon after the positioning and alignment of these Original engravings of the night sky was fed into computer software at Sydney University and according to White, “the star charts reveal an unbelievable match with the star pattern above Gosford around the year 2,500 BC. The whole thing is a giant star map".
Coupled with the advice Original Elder Gerry Bostock gave when reminding us this place resonated to the celestial theme of “as on top so below", and the fact that the original Creation Spirits are also called Sky-Heroes, all of these Original truths convinced us that the chances are high that many of these engravings/constructions serve astronomical purposes. If so, how far does this “giant star map extend", and just as significantly, is “the whole thing" limited to mapping the stars? How sophisticated and ancient is this astronomical complex, and in what way, if any, does this site fit into the present expectations and notions relating to pre-Cook Original history?
In what only accentuates the inconvenient complexity and diversity of what was engraved, and the immediate need to protect and fully research all of these platforms, one deceptively small piece of rock which is claimed to bear hundreds upon hundreds of holes that represent the Milky Way, has either been stolen or is in safe-keeping. Local researcher and historian, Boris Branwhite, noted that “in 2002, a 1 meter by 800 cm (surface area) rock with hundreds of small circular holes was discovered at Wadalba (Central Coast, NSW). This sandstone rock appeared to be a Milky Way representation, with brighter stars having deeper holes. Aboriginal Elder Alan Moarywaala Barker identified this arrangement as a star map. This rock was removed by unknown persons in approximately 2009.
Then, in what only complicates procedures, all on site during the measuring and recording of these astronomical markers independently made note of cuts, curves and angles in the rock that required technology assumed to be absent in this country until very recent times. We are all of the opinion there are some engravings that could not be the end result of any application of rock on rock. Even the idea of a metal blade being responsible seems to fall well short of the mark, some of the curves are so exact and uniform and couldn’t be cut with more precision today, and there are incisions in the rock where the gap is barely a millimetre wide. Irrespective of who was responsible, the fact remains that the refined tools needed to fashion such delicate markings are not in the Original tool-kits as claimed by academics and books.
Repeating the same Celestial Theme, Precedence and Apathy
The oldest astronomical construction is found at Wurdi Youang (Victoria) and contains a sizeable set of rocks that mark “the setting sun at the solstices and equinoxes when viewed from the three prominent stones at the western apex" and is considered to be between 10,000 to 20,000 years old. As impressive as this construction undeniably is we believe it pales by comparison. Star patterns, alignments, solstices, plasma events, eclipses, perhaps even binary star systems, this and so much more has been constructed or engraved into the rocks and positioned along one ridge near Kariong, and is far more sophisticated. Not only is this site more numerous and complex than Wurdi Youang, with a base date of 4,500 years already factored in, it would not surprise in the least if one of these engraved star charts is found to be older than Wurdi Youang.
Moreover, within this cluster of rock platforms there is a central point, one shelf measuring 135 metres, which carries at least one fifth of the entire tally. We have recorded the position of 191 star markers, and there are no less than 500 engraved shapes still to be charted.
To the best of our knowledge this series of platforms is not only the most intensive ancient star chart in Australia, but we believe it has no parallel in the world. In what only adds to the intrigue, not far away many other pieces of archaeology, both engraved and constructed, have been found and they are no less unique and some are even more controversial.
More has to be done, the area surveyed, along with all that still has to recorded, demands protection rather than the apathy and strident denials. But it doesn’t stop there, there is the immediate obligation to correct some of the sins of the past and rewrite humanities’ ancient history paying special attention to the Australian Original people’s role and impact. This area has only just begun to give up some of its secrets, but will only continue to do so if every step taken and word written comes about through direct consultation with the relevant Original Elders and Custodians of Lore and Land.
*In our earlier paper of 22 pages (which can be found on Wake up World) we were much more conservative in our estimate. Since that paper was written, one platform was found containing at least 500 star markers and many others with hundreds of engravings, hence the revised estimate of 3,500.
By Steven and Evan Strong
* The term ‘Original’ is used instead of ‘Aboriginal’, which means ‘away from origin’, since this term is not believed to be accurate in describing the indigenous inhabitants of Australia.

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
Vlad9vt all artifacts in one video
https://youtu.be/kbfUS4yF8UI

Burrows cave artifacts 2016
https://youtu.be/uprUsA7Z1ng

Mysterious Paleolith oldest time in human history
https://youtu.be/bMNQMS2vVDE

--------------------
mena

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
Bright Insight Ancient Humans Were a Global Civilizations
https://youtu.be/1gRYRJvH4wc

Bright Insight Ancient underground cities
https://youtu.be/zMjbtb4xLGQ

Mysterious Gigantic stoneof Baalbek
https://youtu.be/aI9hirw8W0g

Bright InsightPyramid of Egypt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Lemz5r_1Eo

Bright Insight Egyptian Pyramid Machine cuts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6tOp8KLZnQ

Nikola Tesla greatest secret exposed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZziOPGcXSk&t=520s

Gobekli Tepe Debunking textbook
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJTkRJMIvmY

Bosnian Pyramid 2017 update
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Z6Jw0jz-AU&t=19s

Ancient Human were smart. Tao Te Ching
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExC14R1qxqI

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
Wonderful Museum artifacts video about the Olmecs, Mayan and Meso America.

Olmecs
https://youtu.be/zfaJNfjTaCI

Columbian Artifacts
https://youtu.be/AVDkUZRq1FA

Meso American Artifacts
https://youtu.be/WvwXp4qOpZU

--------------------
mena

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
Video Richard Cassaro Research
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TVwm82F-QyE


https://www.richardcassaro.com/suppressed-by-scholars-the-mystery-of-twin-cultures-egyptians-incas-on-opposite-sides-of-the-globe

Mena: The good thing about being an Afrocentrist is I am always discovering new alternative historian and I am always learning new information. I have been an Afrocentrist for the past 15 years I didnt know about journalist and symbologist Richard Cassaro. I discovered two weeks ago in a Youtube video.

Suppressed By Scholars: The Mystery Of Twin Cultures On Opposite Sides Of The Atlantic

The ancient Egyptians (in Africa) and the ancient pre-Incas/Incas (in South America) evolved on opposite sides of the globe and were never in contact; yet both cultures mysteriously possessed the same strikingly identical body of ancient art, architecture, symbolism, mythology and religion. The Victorian-era scholars, faced with this enigma, concluded that both cultures must have been children of the same Golden Age parent civilization, “Atlantis.” Today, Egyptian/Inca parallels are not only being ignored by American and Western scholars, they’re being suppressed

 -

Many baffling and unsolved similarities link the ancient Egyptians and the ancient pre-Incas/Incas―even though both cultures evolved on opposite sides of the planet, separated by oceans.

Victorian-era scholars, faced with this enigma, believed both cultures inherited the same high wisdom from the same exceedingly older source—a shared “parent civilization” now lost to history. For the Victorians this common parent hypothesis explained the parallels well. These Victorian scholars called this common parent “Atlantis,” following Plato and the Classical historians.

Today, “establishment” scholars reject Atlantis, with peculiar hostility, while the parallels shared by the ancient pre-Incas/Incas and the ancient Egyptians are ignored.

Yet these same parallels were not ignored by the Victorians. Indeed, the most brilliant scholarly minds of the past believed Atlantis was real―and here’s why:ac

 -

BOTH THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS AND INCAS / PRE-INCAS…built stone pyramids and stepped pyramids in the desert along rivers and aligned with cardinal points. In both cases, deceased were interred within.spa

 -

BOTH THE EGYPTIANS AND INCAS / PRE-INCAS…Mummified their dead, which symbolized life beyond death. Mummies were interred inside pyramids, often with food offerings and personal belongings. Both cultures believed in life beyond death.

 -

BOTH THE EGYPTIANS AND INCAS / PRE-INCAS…Crossed the arms of their mummified dead. This was to show the “balance” state that one entered in death, as one lived a balanced life. The two arms denote opposites in balance, a left side and a right side crossed.space

 -

BOTH THE EGYPTIANS AND INCAS / PRE-INCAS…Placed gold masks upon their dead, symbolizing their entering back into eternity, the “other side” of the veil, the higher home in the heavens, which is eternal and spiritual, unlike earth, which is temporary and physical. It also conveys in an alchemical sense the idea that, while they were here, these eternal souls took on the lead of human form and turned it into gold.space

--------------------
mena

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
When you are an Afrocentrist and a conspiracy theorist you never get bord because there is always something new to discover. I learned recently about beautiful Pre Colombian artifacts in Bolivia collected by Luis Fernando Pacheco Medrano. Luis Fernando Pacheco Medrano artifacts looks like father Crespi artifacts.

One of the figurine looks like a Pre Colombian Pope. There is the picture of a cross. According to alternative historians the Christian religion existed in America before the coming of Christopher Colombus. One of the Mexican High Priest was call Pope and they had nuns, monks and monestary. Two of the statues looks like Pharaohs. Maybe they had Pharaohs in South America.

The Museum of Luis Fernando Pacheco Medrano
Youtube video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=slXkjDsAiSE

http://www.atlantisbolivia.org/thaipykkhala.htm

 -
Figurine that looks like a Pope

 -
Cross on the cover of the Pope figurine box

 -
Pyramid statues with heads that looks like Pharaohs

 -
Statues of King and queens with different phenotype and with expose sexual organs

 -
Statues of Gods

 -
Three figurines the third one as the same headdress as Egyptian Pharaoh Userkaf

 -
Pharaoh Userkaf

 -
Figurine that looks like Popes, Cardinals or High priests

--------------------
mena

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
 -
Statues of God with horns

 -
Statue with North American Indian feather head dress

 -
mask looking like an African man with scar face

 -
Luis Fernando Pacheco Medrano

 -

 -

--------------------
mena

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=15;t=012832;p=1#000000

Mena: Many alternative historians believed that the Eye of Africa aka as the Eye of the Sahara site in the Sahara desert was the location of the Ancient city of Atlantis. The alt historians states that Plato description of Atlantis match the Eye of Africa site.

Bright Insight: The Lost City of Atlantis, Hidden in Plain Sight.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDoM4BmoDQM

 -
The Eye of Africa aka the Eye of the Sahara aka the Richat Structure.
 -
The Eye of Africa

Is this Atlantis, hiding in plain sight in the Sahara?

The famed lost city of Atlantis may have been found in a rather unlikely place - the Sahara Desert.

According to a YouTube clip uploaded earlier this week that's found a massive audience online, the remains of the ringed city Plato spoke of in the fourth century BC can be found in the African country of Mauritania.

And it's been hiding in plain sight this whole time.

"We've been looking in all the wrong places for its location since everyone assumes it must be under the ocean somewhere, such as in the depths of the Atlantic Ocean or the Mediterranean Sea," says the host of Bright Insight YouTube channel, known only as Jimmy.

Instead he proposes a strange formation known as the Richat strucuture, or the 'Eye of the Sahara', is the mythical city's true location.

He says it is not only the exact size and shape Plato said it was - 23.5km across and circular - but mountains he described to the north can be seen quite clearly on satellite imagery, as can evidence of ancient rivers, which Plato said flowed around the city.

Scientists are yet to figure out exactly what created the Richat structure, saying while it looks like a crater, there's no evidence of any impact.

Plato said Atlantis was destroyed in a "single day and night of misfortune" and sank beneath the waves. The scientific record does show the Earth underwent significant climate upheaval around 11500 years ago, when Atlantis is alleged to have disappeared. Jimmy also points out satellite imagery that resembles the aftermath of a tsunami unlike anyone alive today would have seen.

"Doesn't the entire region look like it was blasted by flowing water or a tsunami?"

As the video goes on, Jimmy manages to weave in Greek mythology, birth rates, plate tectonics and more, crafting a convincing argument that not only is Atlantis real, but above land and still visible today.

Most experts believe the tale of Atlantis was merely that - a tale. In recent decades, a number of places have been singled out as potential sites - including Crete, the Atlantic and even Antarctica.

A full-length documentary backing the Richat theory was released in 2011, but has only a tiny fraction of the views on YouTube that Bright Insight's 20-minute clip has racked up in a matter of days.

https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/world/2018/09/is-this-atlantis-hiding-in-plain-sight-in-the-sahara.html

Researcher Says The Mysterious “Eye of The Sahara” Could be The Ruins of Atlantis

You can have most any “fringe” beliefs or interests and still disguise yourself as an upstanding, yet adorably eccentric, member of normal society, but Atlantis is the point of no return. Once you start talking about Atlantis, you’re done for. So, let’s talk about Atlantis. According to Plato, The lost city of Atlantis was an ancient island superpower ruled located in the eastern Atlantic ocean—which was named after the lost city. Atlantis was, according to Plato, a stunningly gorgeous and opulent place, built upon concentric circles of land and water. It was wealthy and powerful beyond measure until, in the course of one day and one night, the whole thing went sideways and a cataclysm wiped the city of Atlantis off the map and out of the history books. According to some esoteric traditions, Atlantis was the birthplace of the so-called “Mystery Schools” that wove their way through western philosophy after the city’s destruction.

The accepted explanation for Plato’s story of Atlantis, however, is that it was just a story, meant to teach a lesson of morality and show Plato’s philosophy on governance. Still, there are countless people who believe that Plato was talking about a real place that was destroyed by a real cataclysm. Plato himself says, in effect, “I know this sounds like nonsense, but I swear I ain’t lyin’.” But we’ve never found evidence, and now that we can image the sea floor, and have found evidence of sunken cities, shouldn’t the fact that we haven’t found Atlantis put this whole thing to bed? Well, what if we haven’t been looking in the right places? What if the ruins of the island-bound seafaring superpower were sitting, right under our noses the whole time, in the middle of the Sahara desert?

t sounds like a stretch. Yet, that’s what a new video by YouTube channel Bright Insight is proposing, building off the work done by George S. Alexander and Natalis Rosen in the documentary Visiting Atlantis. In a 20 minute long video that’s surprisingly clear, sober, and well edited Bright Insight lays out the case for the Richat structure—also known as the eye of the Sahara—being the true location of Atlantis.

The Richat structure is an earthen structure of unknown origin in Mauritania, on the northwest coast of Africa. It consists of concentric circles of raised ground, bordered by mountains to the north and facing the sea to the south. It’s very big. It also happens to be almost the exact same size as the measurements Plato gave for Atlantis (depending on how you interpret ancient Greek units of measurement).

Plato states that the city of Atlantis was 127 stadia in diameter. According to Dictionary.com, one stadia is approximately 607 feet. This is the conversion used in the video, which works out to 127 stadia equaling 77,089 feet and 23.49 kilometers. Measuring the Richat structure in Google Earth gives a diameter of between 22 and 24 kilometers. That’s pretty close to the measurements for Atlantis. However, other sources say that a stadia is between 607 and 630 feet, which doesn’t seem like a big difference until you realize that 27 feet of variance per stadia, multiplied by 127 stadia, comes out to 3429 feet. While that’s the upper end of the possible variance, it has to be said that the Richat structure would fit the bill a bit less if it was three quarters of a mile too small. It’s not a lot, but it sure wouldn’t be perfectly exact.

 -
The City of Atlantis

The surrounding areas match the description of Atlantis fairly note-for-note as well. Plato describes the city as being bordered to the north by mountains notable for their great number and beauty. The Richat structure is indeed ringed by mountains to the north. In the video, mention is made of geologic surveys which show that the mountains to the north of the Eye of the Sahara had waterfalls falling from them when the Sahara desert was not yet a desert, which would be fairly noteworthy.

Further arguments made include the timeline of the fall of Atlantis matching up pretty nicely with the proposed date of the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis, which argues that the impact of a comet or asteroid triggered the Younger Dryas period of rapid and sudden climate change and sea level variation.

It’s an interesting proposal and a surprising one. Usually when you watch a YouTube video on subjects like the lost city of Atlantis, you come out of it measurably dumber for having done so. It is hard to believe that if there’s an argument this convincing to be made (ignoring whether or not it’s true), I somehow haven’t heard of it before. That generally means something is either being deliberately suppressed, or is easily and thoroughly debunked. Unfortunately, it’s usually the latter. Without the credentials to make a real judgement, I’ll say this: I’m certainly more interested in the topic of Atlantis than I was before, and I’m really glad to know there are people on YouTube who appreciate production value.

https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2018/09/researcher-says-the-mysterious-eye-of-the-sahara-could-be-the-ruins-of-atlantis/

want to share with all of you a completely new hypothesis that I developed and checked with electronic engineers (it is confirmed as plausible) of how the city of Atlantis, located on the homonymous island, had technological features at an unimaginable scale.

 -
Atlantis

 -
Atlantis

The graphic reconstructions made after Plato's descriptions in the "Dialogues" lead directly to a parallel with some equipment that was developed only in the 20th century.


Thus, the succession of materials used (non-ferrous metals) and the combination with salt water brought up to the center of the city on very deep and wide canals, combined with the existence of two freshwater springs, one hot and the other cold, gave the possibility of producing electricity by simply increasing and cooling the ends of the circles surrounding the city.


This leads to a negative charge on one end and a positive one on the other end, as the result of electrons migrating from one pint to the other.


The salt water of the Atlantic, (33 parts per thousand) combined with the tidal movement could become another source of electricity. The closure of city-wide circuits was accomplished by closing the bridges on the canals.


I do not think that the appearance of the city with the CSRR antennas - high-frequency oscillators used in communications and microwave applications is accidental.


The pulsating movement of the Atlantic Ocean could activate or deactivate the emissions/receptions of radio waves generated by the metallic circular structures of the city.


The metal plating of the circular dykes was, from the inside to the outside, Orichalcum natural alloy - probably gold and silver, tin and brass.


The core consisted of the golden rectangular central temple.


There is also a direct connection with ancient Egypt to be considered!


During the construction of the circular dykes ,excavated stone was piled up from trenches and canals, but the most important is the use of the color code White-Black-Red.


Plato describes the "artistic" settlement of the stones at construction, using only those colors.


On the other hand, in Egypt it was discovered that a series of pyramids used strictly this color code by using white limestone boards and red and black granite boards respectively.


The look like a code of color on electrical cables I do not think it's a coincidence!


There are also strange similarities to the temple complex of Angkor Wat and Tenochtitlan but I will not insist on this now.


I will write a full article with all the necessary explanations and the help of any electronic engineers and physicists available will be appreciated. I am convinced that by making a scale model it is possible to demonstrate the functionality of this city with sacred technology!


All of the above was described by Plato as a multi phase building project that was started by the god Poseidon (Enki - The Names of the Gods) and sons!


To me this was alien power and communication technology...

https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/atlantida_mu/esp_atlantida_53.htm

--------------------
mena

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
 -
Dacian Tablet

 -
Dacian Tablet

 -

 -

 -

 -

Mena: I think the Dacian Tablets are authentic and not forgery. They are the copy of the original Dacian tablets made of gold. The Dacian tablets remind me of the Jordanian Copper Bible and of the Michigan Christian tablets.

The Sinaia lead plates are a set of lead plates written in an unknown language or constructed language. They are alleged to be a chronicle of the Dacians, but are considered by most scholars to be modern forgeries.[1] The plates were written in the Greek alphabet with a few other character additions.

Mysterious Dacian plates. Sinaia lead plates
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JpV9n_pUrI&t=98s


History
The origin of the Sinaia lead plates is obscure. The first known mention of them was when the 200 lead plates were discovered in the warehouse of the Bucharest Museum of Antiquities, Romania, in the 19th century. Of the 200 pieces originally in the collection of plates, only 35 are known to remain today, but there are some photos of some of the rest.[2]

When discovered they were ignored and considered to be forgeries because they appeared new, with no traces of corrosion. They were not considered valuable enough to be evacuated with the rest of the Romanian Treasure to Russia in 1916. However, some renewed interest in the plates among non-scholars has been shown more than a century later, following the publication of a report about them by engineer Dan Romalo in 2003.[citation needed]

According to "an oral tradition", the lead plates are in fact copies made at the Nail Factory of Sinaia in 1875 from the originals, which were allegedly made of gold, and they were kept for a while at the Sinaia Monastery.[2] Allegedly, the gold was used either in the building of Peleş Castle, or the plates were part of the Romanian Treasure which was never returned by Russia after World War I.[3]

An analysis made at the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Bucharest confirmed that the composition of the plates is very similar to lead manufactured in the 19th century.[2]

Description
Most of the plates are roughly rectangular, with the exception of one round plate. They have dimensions between 93mm x 98mm and 354mm x 255mm. Most are written using scriptio continua in the Greek alphabet, with a few additional signs; the text includes "V" from the Latin alphabet and signs for palatal "c" and "g" resembling those of the Cyrillic script.[2]

They also include text written in some unknown scripts that do not resemble any known written alphabet. In addition to the text, the plates also contain many complex illustrations, including those of armies, kings, cities, temples and buildings.[citation needed]

Language
The language appears to have some Indo-European traits, but it has nothing in common with what linguists expect to be Dacian language, as no correlation with the Romanian language substrate can be found.[citation needed]

Also, unlike any known Indo-European language, it appears to have almost no inflections, nor declensions. In addition, almost all nouns end in "-o", including names which had other endings in Latin and Greek, e.g. Boerobiseto, Dacibalo, Napoko and Sarmigetuzo.[2]

There are some words borrowed from Greek (basileo from basileus, chiliarcho, from chiliarchos) and Latin, but some important words such as the alleged words for "king" (mato) and "priest" (kotopolo) do not appear to have any known Indo-European cognates.[2]

--------------------
mena

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/petan303/

he Story
In the second half of the nineteenth century an impressive archive composed of over 200 inscriptions on lead plates turned up at the Museum of Antiquities in Bucharest. The inscriptions were made in relief, using the Greek alphabet, written in an unknown language. The texts obviously refer to the Dacian civilization, involving names of some known Dacian kings, toponyms and hydronyms. The plates were considered as fakes, probably due to the unknown provenance and to their brand-new appearance, without any traces of corrosion to indicate that the lead had laid underground for almost 2000 years. An inventory of the pieces was never performed and no research of them has ever been conducted by specialists.

owadays, there are only 35 pieces left, together with some photos taken of other pieces in the time of the Second World War (Romalo 2003). However, the oral tradition testifies that the lead plates represent copies, made in 1875 by order of King Carol I, of some gold originals. The copying of the hundreds of pieces was accomplished at the nails factory in Sinaia, and the copies were stored first at the Sinaia Monastery and afterwards were transported to Bucharest. Nobody knows what happened to the gold originals. The detailed analyses of the samples extracted from all the 35 surviving artefacts, performed at the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Bucharest, stated that the composition of the plates is typical for the printing lead from the second half of the nineteenth century.

Description
The plates are rectangular, except for one which is round. The dimensions vary between 93 x 98mm and 354 x 255mm. Many of them present hanging traces, like holes. Most of them are written in the Greek alphabet, together with three foreign signs: V from the Latin alphabet and the signs for the palatal consonants [ce] and [ge], specific for the Cyrillic alphabet. Besides the Greek alphabet, there are some unknown scripts, monograms and strange symbols. Most of the pieces seem to be originated in Burebista's time, in Sarmizegetusa, the capital of the Dacian kingdom. The Decebal's ones are fewer, smaller and less elaborated. The texts are written in scriptio continua and the easiest words to identify are the names, anthroponyms, toponyms and ethnonyms - Dacian and foreign as well.

Besides the texts, on the plates there are many illustrations. The representations are extremely complex and cover a great part of the realia domain: armies, fortresses, portraits of kings (even detailed royal genealogies), totemic animals, gods, temples, religious symbols, war machines, trophies, various buildings, vegetation etc. The representation of the plan of Sarmizegetusa stronghold is striking at a time when the first systematic excavations had not started yet. Equally amazing is the detailed representation of the Burebista's two-storied limestone temple, discovered only in 1956 (Crisan 1986: 176-180).

The language of the texts has somehow an Indo-European appearance, but it is not like the expected Dacian language: that language seems to have nothing in common with the known remains of the Romanian substratum. There are some Indo-European words, but no final consonants, no desinences or inflection, and subsequently no grammatical marks for gender, number, case or person. Almost all the nouns end in -o, including the feminine ones ending in -a in the Greek and Latin sources: Boerobiseto, Dacibalo; Napoko, Sarmigetuzo. The groups of consonants are infrequent, proving the predisposition to open syllables. There are some words borrowed from Greek, especially in the field of military terminology (basileo, chiliarcho) and some from Latin. The most important words do not have cognates in other Indo-European languages: mato 'king', kotopolo 'priest', talipiko 'fortress'.

Conclusion
The hundreds of pieces are extremely elaborate, nevertheless nobody was ever tempted to take advantage of them, either pecuniary or ideologically, which is opposite to the logic of a forgery. Besides, the plates provide data that could not be known at that time and nobody has succeeded in proving the forgery so far. As a consequence, the authenticity of this archive is a plausible hypothesis. Unfortunately, the artefacts have not proper conditions for conservation or security and are gradually deteriorating. Specialists have lacked interest in the written pieces for more than a century and most of the archive is now lost. At this moment there is no official program or project for studying and protecting these intriguing testimonies.

 -

 -

 -

 -

--------------------
mena

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
I think researcher Jimmy from Bright Insight have a strong argument that the Richat Structure of Mauritania also known as the Eye of Africa was the location of the Ancient city of Atlantis.
Plato description of Atlantis in the Timeus match the location and characteristic of the Eye of Africa. The name Atlantis mean the city of Atlas. Atlantis was named after it's first king Atlas. Atlas was also the first king of Mauritania. The Greek historian Herodotus describe as the father of history map show the location of the city of Atlantis in NW Africa aka Mauritania aka the Maghreb.

 -
Herodotus Map

Ancient Maps Prove the City of Atlantis is the Eye of the Sahara.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5kEzxOb-3c&t=11s

This Is How We Know Atlantis Existed And where
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyV8TUlV3Ds&t=10s

--------------------
mena

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
200,000 Year Old Ruins in South Africa Contain the Remains of tesla Technology
The Makomati Dravidian people of South India and Sri Lanka were miners and merchants who mined gold and traded in Southern Africa. They appeared in history in 1000 BCE. The city of Sofala in East Africa traded gold in Asia. The Monomotapa Empire covered a large part of Southern Africa.
https://youtu.be/EyZRMnmRqUE


Lost City of Krishna Carbon Dates to 32 thousand years old. part 1
https://youtu.be/8FSGgeeJE4I

The Lost City of Krishna Carbon Dates to 32 Thousand Years Old part 2
https://youtu.be/cSsRKTWa85g

--------------------
mena

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
Ish Geber
Member
Member # 18264

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for Ish Geber     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
quote:


The Greeks conquered Eastern Libya when, according to tradition, emigrants from the crowded island of Thera were commanded by the oracle at Delphi to seek a new home in North Africa. In 631BC, they founded the city of Cyrene. Within 200 years, four more important Greek cities were established in the area: Barce (Al Marj), Euhesperides (later Berenice, present-day Benghazi), Teuchira (later Arsinoe, present-day Tukrah) and Apollonia (Susah), the port of Cyrene. Together with Cyrene, they were known as the Pentapolis ("Five Cities").


So, at that time, the coastal part of Libya was divided under the two colonizations: Punic in the western part (later on "Tripolitania") and Greek in the eastern part (later on "Cyrenaica").


The internal part of Libya was not colonized. It was a far and mysterious territory called Phazania (present-day Fezzan). Herodotus in his "Histories" gives a short but significative description of the bold and belligerent local tribes: the Garamanti. Their main centre was the Oasis of Garama/Germa; another was Cydamus (present-day Ghadames). Garamanti had the control of the rich commercial lines crossing the desert and connecting the coast to the internal regions of Africa.



~G. Mokhtar, Unesco
General History of Africa: Ancient civilizations of Africa
International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa
p. 427

Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
Stone Balls Concretion Worldwide
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-pKk-Y7RFbw

200 million years dinausor footprints
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MP-NjZ-3xaM

Who lived on earth before humans
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuZINr2C37w

--------------------
mena

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
Ish Geber
Member
Member # 18264

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for Ish Geber     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
Great information.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
mena7
Member
Member # 20555

Member Rated:
4
Icon 1 posted      Profile for mena7   Author's Homepage     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
Newearth Forgotten Ancient Technologies, Atmospheric Electricity, Vimana
https://youtu.be/Ssv4J6Sd6bw

Newearth Why So Many Double Headed Eagle
https://youtu.be/R_uvt21lYWA

The Forgotten Ancient Swastikas
https://youtu.be/P9kiRmv6Gvc

--------------------
mena

Posts: 5374 | From: sepedat/sirius | Registered: Jul 2012  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
Autshumato
Junior Member
Member # 22722

Rate Member
Icon 1 posted      Profile for Autshumato     Send New Private Message       Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
Wow, keep posting! There's no app yet? How about taking this to Reddit? I know change is hard but this Lioness dictator is in the way of great information.

--------------------
“Three things cannot be long hidden: the sun, the moon, and the truth.”

Posts: 195 | From: Southern Africa(Azania) | Registered: Mar 2017  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
Frank Scott
Banned
Member # 23578

Rate Member
Icon 1 posted      Profile for Frank Scott         Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
Please try Google before asking about Updated Product Site 69fe548
Posts: 38 | From: United Kingdom | Registered: Mar 2022  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
Frank Scott
Banned
Member # 23578

Rate Member
Icon 1 posted      Profile for Frank Scott         Edit/Delete Post   Reply With Quote 
Please try Google before asking about New Product Guide 5591ca4
Posts: 38 | From: United Kingdom | Registered: Mar 2022  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
  This topic comprises 2 pages: 1  2   

Quick Reply
Message:

HTML is not enabled.
UBB Code™ is enabled.

Instant Graemlins
   


Post New Topic  New Poll  Post A Reply Close Topic   Feature Topic   Move Topic   Delete Topic next oldest topic   next newest topic
 - Printer-friendly view of this topic
Hop To:


Contact Us | EgyptSearch!

(c) 2015 EgyptSearch.com

Powered by UBB.classic™ 6.7.3