posted
Came across this while looking at the history of human settlements and lack of substantial archaeology in Africa for the time period 20 50 kya.
quote: On the basis of fossil and archaeological data it has been hypothesized that the exodus of Homo sapiens out of Africa and into Eurasia between ~50–120 thousand years ago occurred in several orbitally paced migration episodes1, 2, 3, 4. Crossing vegetated pluvial corridors from northeastern Africa into the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant and expanding further into Eurasia, Australia and the Americas, early H. sapiens experienced massive time-varying climate and sea level conditions on a variety of timescales. Hitherto it has remained difficult to quantify the effect of glacial- and millennial-scale climate variability on early human dispersal and evolution. Here we present results from a numerical human dispersal model, which is forced by spatiotemporal estimates of climate and sea level changes over the past 125 thousand years. The model simulates the overall dispersal of H. sapiens in close agreement with archaeological and fossil data and features prominent glacial migration waves across the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant region around 106–94, 89–73, 59–47 and 45–29 thousand years ago. The findings document that orbital-scale global climate swings played a key role in shaping Late Pleistocene global population distributions, whereas millennial-scale abrupt climate changes, associated with Dansgaard–Oeschger events, had a more limited regional effect.
Obviously this is simply a model and does not necessarily reflect actual density or distribution but gives some good insights nonetheless.
It helps in order to try and find suitable sites for further archaeological study for specific time ranges.
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posted
Ran across some other relevant content as well:
quote: Bringing together archaeological, paleoenvironmental, paleontological and genetic data, this book makes a first attempt to reconstruct African population histories from out species' evolution to the Holocene. Africa during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 6 to 2 (~190-12,000 years ago) witnessed the biological development and behavioral florescence of our species. Modern human population dynamics, which involved multiple population expansions, dispersals, contractions and extinctions, played a central role in our species’ evolutionary trajectory. So far, the demographic processes – modern human population sizes, distributions and movements – that occurred within Africa during this critical period have been consistently under-addressed. The authors of this volume aim at (1) examining the impact of this glacial-interglacial- glacial cycle on human group sizes, movements and distributions throughout Africa; (2) investigating the macro- and micro-evolutionary processes underpinning our species’ anatomical and behavioral evolution; and (3) setting an agenda whereby Africa can benefit from, and eventually contribute to, the increasingly sophisticated theoretical and methodological palaeodemographic frameworks developed on other continents.
Note however the fact that even though the late pleistocene is when modern humans supposedly emerged from Africa and migrated into the rest of the planet, nowhere in any of these studies are any of the groups outside of Africa called "African migrants". Yet we consistently see a pattern of pointing out the presence of 'reverse migrations' into Africa into this early period. Now of course I am not saying that people haven't been moving around since forever, but I notice that they continually show a lack of consistency in terminology. In fact, this book even goes as far to suggest that the "Nubian" complex was the result of migrations from Arabia. Yet nowhere in any of these papers do you see the first populations of migrants out of Africa called "Africans" on any continent outside of Africa even in the same time period as OOA......
quote:Originally posted by Doug M: Ran across some other relevant content as well:
quote: Bringing together archaeological, paleoenvironmental, paleontological and genetic data, this book makes a first attempt to reconstruct African population histories from out species' evolution to the Holocene. Africa during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 6 to 2 (~190-12,000 years ago) witnessed the biological development and behavioral florescence of our species. Modern human population dynamics, which involved multiple population expansions, dispersals, contractions and extinctions, played a central role in our species’ evolutionary trajectory. So far, the demographic processes – modern human population sizes, distributions and movements – that occurred within Africa during this critical period have been consistently under-addressed. The authors of this volume aim at (1) examining the impact of this glacial-interglacial- glacial cycle on human group sizes, movements and distributions throughout Africa; (2) investigating the macro- and micro-evolutionary processes underpinning our species’ anatomical and behavioral evolution; and (3) setting an agenda whereby Africa can benefit from, and eventually contribute to, the increasingly sophisticated theoretical and methodological palaeodemographic frameworks developed on other continents.
Note however the fact that even though the late pleistocene is when modern humans supposedly emerged from Africa and migrated into the rest of the planet, nowhere in any of these studies are any of the groups outside of Africa called "African migrants". Yet we consistently see a pattern of pointing out the presence of 'reverse migrations' into Africa into this early period. Now of course I am not saying that people haven't been moving around since forever, but I notice that they continually show a lack of consistency in terminology. In fact, this book even goes as far to suggest that the "Nubian" complex was the result of migrations from Arabia. Yet nowhere in any of these papers do you see the first populations of migrants out of Africa called "Africans" on any continent outside of Africa even in the same time period as OOA......
This is precisely the double-think standard I myself have always complained about. So once they leave Africa and settle Arabia several miles away then they are no longer African but Eurasian! But if that same Arabian population were to back-migrate to East Africa after only several thousand years of living in Arabia then it would be a Eurasian back-migration.
And another thing...
According to the above maps, they are going by the theory that OOA populations settled Southeast Asia before the Toba Cataclysm (74,100—75,900 bp) though I thought that the pre-Toba settlement of Southeast Asia by anatomically modern humans is not yet verified. I can't help but notice many of these experts are in favor of pre-Toba settlements only because it places the initial OOA expansion of modern Eurasians at an earlier date and therefore more divergent from Africans.
Lastly...
Why don't any of these maps depict the actual coastlines as they were during the glacial maximums including the Sundanese subcontinent of Southeast Asia and the Sahul continent comprising Papua New Guinea and Australia.
^ Note that the Bab el Mandeb Straits separating Djibouti and Yemen did not exist or was nothing more than a river making crossings between Africa and Arabia to be no issue.
Posts: 26249 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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