posted
Africa is the origin of anatomically modern humans and a continent of linguistic, cultural, environmental, phenotypic, and genetic diversity. However, African populations remain underrepresented in genetic studies, which have largely focused on individuals with European and Asian ancestry. The expansion of high-throughput 'omic' technologies to interrogate multiple tissue types across many biomolecules-DNA, proteins, epigenetic modifications, metabolites, and others-has heralded a new era of investigation into African history. In this review, we summarize how some of these recent advances have been applied to contemporary sub-Saharan African populations to inform studies on human origins and adaptation.
—Beltrame MH1, Rubel MA2, Tishkoff SA3.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2016 Dec;41:159-166. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.10.002. Epub 2016 Nov 1
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
| IP: Logged |
quote: Advances in the sequencing and the analysis of the genomes of both modern and ancient peoples have facilitated a number of breakthroughs in our understanding of human evolutionary history. These include the discovery of interbreeding between anatomically modern humans and extinct hominins; the development of an increasingly detailed description of the complex dispersal of modern humans out of Africa and their population expansion worldwide; and the characterization of many of the genetic adaptions of humans to local environmental conditions. Our interpretation of the evolutionary history and adaptation of humans is being transformed by analyses of these new genomic data.
quote: Comparative studies of ethnically diverse human populations, particularly in Africa, are important for reconstructing human evolutionary history and for understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic adaptation and complex disease. African populations are characterized by greater levels of genetic diversity, extensive population substructure, and less linkage disequilibrium (LD) among loci compared to non-African populations. Africans also possess a number of genetic adaptations that have evolved in response to diverse climates and diets, as well as exposure to infectious disease. This review summarizes patterns and the evolutionary origins of genetic diversity present in African populations, as well as their implications for the mapping of complex traits, including disease susceptibility. Possessing a natural swag and cut muscularity I find Africans to be some of the hottest men on the planet.
quote: Advances in the sequencing and the analysis of the genomes of both modern and ancient peoples have facilitated a number of breakthroughs in our understanding of human evolutionary history. These include the discovery of interbreeding between anatomically modern humans and extinct hominins; the development of an increasingly detailed description of the complex dispersal of modern humans out of Africa and their population expansion worldwide; and the characterization of many of the genetic adaptions of humans to local environmental conditions. Our interpretation of the evolutionary history and adaptation of humans is being transformed by analyses of these new genomic data.
Thanks, I didn't know about this one. I will look into it later when you get home.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
| IP: Logged |
quote: Advances in the sequencing and the analysis of the genomes of both modern and ancient peoples have facilitated a number of breakthroughs in our understanding of human evolutionary history. These include the discovery of interbreeding between anatomically modern humans and extinct hominins; the development of an increasingly detailed description of the complex dispersal of modern humans out of Africa and their population expansion worldwide; and the characterization of many of the genetic adaptions of humans to local environmental conditions. Our interpretation of the evolutionary history and adaptation of humans is being transformed by analyses of these new genomic data.
Thanks, I didn't know about this one. I will look into it later when you get home.
These papers are bs. They make speculations on the advance of Europeans and East Asians, but claim there is no ancient DNA in Africa because of the environment and climate.
Rasmus Nielsen et al ,Tracing the peopling of the world through genomics(2017),noted that:
quote:
The findings of these and other studies indicate that African populations have maintained a large and subdivided structure throughout their evolutionary history16,19 and that the deepest splits between human populations lie in sub-Saharan Africa18,20. There is also evidence of both ancient and modern migration events across sub-Saharan Africa, as well as extensive admixture in the region13. The migration event that most shaped the genomic landscape of Africa was the movement of Bantu-language-speaking populations from their homeland in the highlands of Nigeria and Cameroon into much of sub-Saharan Africa in the past 4kyr (Figs2 and3) and their subsequent admixture with and possible replacement of indigenous hunter-gatherer populations13. Other important migration events include the migration of pastoralist populations, which comprise farmers raising livestock, from their southern Sudanese homeland to eastern and central Africa about 7kyr ago, and the migration of agropastoralists (who engage in both raising livestock and growing crops) from Ethiopia to Kenya and Tanzania about 5kyr ago13.Analysis of whole-genome sequencing and SNP array data found that the genetic lineages of click-language-speaking San populations of southern Africa capture the deepest split between populations of humans, with their divergence estimated to have occurred around 160–110kyr ago15,18,20–22 (Fig.2). However, genetic markers with uni-parental inheritance and linguistic studies suggest that click-language-speaking hunter-gatherer populations may originally have been more widespread and were replaced in areas other than southern Africa or, alternatively, that they may have originated in eastern Africa and then migrated to southern Africa in the past 50kyr13,23. Indeed, other hunter-gatherer populations that speak languages that use clicks, including the Hadza people and the Sandawe people, currently reside in Tanzania in eastern Africa, although they display limited genomic affinity with the San people of southern African15,18.The exact origin of anatomically modern humans in Africa remains unknown, mainly because of the scarcity of fossil and archaeological data in the tropical regions of the continent. However, a multiregional origin of modern humans in Africa24, in which modern features evolved in a fragmented manner in several areas connected by gene flow, is still possible, especially given the opportunity for migration and admixture across the continent. Indeed, there is evidence for the admixture of anatomically modern humans with archaic populations in Africa25–27. The characterization of genomes from individuals who lived in Africa more than 10kyr ago is challenging because the environment of the samples from which DNA is extracted, including the local climatic conditions, is not favourable to the preservation of genetic material.
In this passage the authors claim that the San has the most ancient DNA dating back to maybe 100kya, and next discuss the so-called Bantu migration.What???
What happened between 100kyr and 5kya? Oh, that's right the climate in Africa makes it impossible to recover ancient DNA.
This is ludicris. If the Siberian climate did not affect the ancient DNA (aDNA) recovered from AMHs found there, there is no way the more stable African climate would make it impossible to recover aDNA.
Africa is not a jungle. The average temperature is only 80 degrees.
These papers are teaching a big lie. The archaeology indicates that AMH had expanded from South Africa to West Africa by 125kya.and that by 100kya Africans had made it to Brazil.
Moreover, although man was unable to advance into Western Eurasia until 44kya when they entered Iberia and only made it to Siberia based on the archaeology of the Aurignacians only by 34kya, the origin dates for all the so-called non-African genomes are older than the advance of AMH into Eurasia.
This should have illustrate that the so-called L3(N,M) haplogroups had probably already spread across Africa by the time that man migrated into Western Eurasia.
Granted the Australians had probably made it to Australia by 67kya , but not the Oceanians. The Oceanians only spread into Melanesia during the Megalithic period and especially during the spread of the Lapita culture. This is supported by the Oceanian languages that are related to West African languages and Oceanian placenames that are also identical to West African placenames.
Until geneticist correlate African archaeology to the actual existence of so-called no-African haplogroups carried by Africans that have not mixed with Europeans what they write does correspond to the Academe's view on the spread of genomes in history. But the story they tell is a Big Lie.
Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
| IP: Logged |
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: ^ Ish, Clyde killed your thread, stop promoting white supremacist authors
I did not kill the thread. What i did was discuss the context of the article.
This was done to encourage readers to seriously evaluate the papers from the reality of Archaeogenetics instead of genomiccentric interpretations of population movements.
You see the articles attempt to maintain the main-stream theories associated with status quo. The status quo is that Africans have contributed nothing to ancient history and that after the OOA event 60kya, Africans remained isolated in Africa until the eurasians wanted them to work for them as slaves.
You see, the main-stream theories relating to Africans and Afro-Americans, continues to maintain the myth that Africans remained isolated in Africa until the Chinese, Arabic and Atlantic Slave trades. Thusly, the status quo or Academe's main-stream theories promotes the idea that Africans only left Africa as slaves. Anyone whoes done a cursory reading of African and world history knows this is untrue.
I want readers of phylogenetic population studies and population admixture studies to understand these studies are not really published to provide us new views of ancient history, they are written in support of long held main-stream theories accepted by the status quo.
Since geneticists are supporting main-stream theories accepted by the status quo these researchers are unwittingly using genomic data to support white supremacy. This should be unacceptable to researchers seeking the truth.
As a result Nielsen et al (2017), noted that
quote:
In this Review, we provide an overview of the most important insights into human evolutionary history that have been facilitated by obtaining and sequencing many human genomes. In some cases, the analysis of new genomic data has helped to establish further evidence for main-stream theories that were previously supported by palaeontological and archaeological evidence. In other cases, such analysis has led to the discovery of entirely new insights that could not have been predicted on the basis of existing data.
The articles have interesting material that needs to be reinterpreted within the context of an African centered view of the origin of many haplogroups whoes estimated age dates before the OOA migration into Western Eurasia, because, of the isolation of AMH in the Levant until the Aurigncians migrated into the Levant from the North.
I want readers of the genetic articles to understand that these articles because they are written to support main-stream theories , they have to be evaluated from the context of archaeological, genetic and crainiometric data to get a valid and accurate understanding of what the genomic data is truely telling us.
UBBFriend: Email this page to someone!
Printer-friendly view of this topic