quote:Originally posted by Autshumato: No such thing as "Negroid". Negro is Spanish for black. Let's stop using Spanish words in the English language. So Lioness, what do you understand or don't understand when someone says "African"? You seem like a very confused individual, you think "Africans" all have the same phenotype like some inbred ***, we don't.
quote:Originally posted by Autshumato: No such thing as "Negroid". Negro is Spanish for black. Let's stop using Spanish words in the English language. So Lioness, what do you understand or don't understand when someone says "African"? You seem like a very confused individual, you think "Africans" all have the same phenotype like some inbred ***, we don't.
"Precisie restauratie" Late bronstijd (LBA) Laat Minoïsche ik (LM ik) periode Laat Cycladische ik (LC ik) periode Geschilderd ergens vóór ~ 1613 BC Akrotiri, Thera (Santorini), Griekenland
"Precisie restauratie" Late bronstijd (LBA) Laat Minoïsche ik (LM ik) periode Laat Cycladische ik (LC ik) periode Geschilderd ergens vóór ~ 1613 BC Akrotiri, Thera (Santorini), Griekenland
Town with boats in the harbour. Minoan fresco image from Akrotiri on the Greek island of Thera (now Santorini), c. 1600 BCE.
Description Akrotiri-Thera fresco fragment, exposed at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens.
Date 16th century BC
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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The argument here is, could it be a possibility that Minoans were of African origin, extraction / heritage.
you say it " could it be a possibility" now but you don't say that when you post the pictures as if it is a proven match. Do you think only Africans have brown or tanned brown skin?
why not deal with the article info instead of us continuing tired pictures wars like old threads which xyyman started with pictures and quotes form old obsolete books about what the author thinks are "Negroid features"
quote:Originally posted by BlessedbyHorus: According to this study. A key part.
quote:The ancient Mycenaeans and Minoans were most closely related to each other, and they both got three-quarters of their DNA from early farmers who lived in Greece and southwestern Anatolia, which is now part of Turkey, the team reports today in Nature. Both cultures additionally inherited DNA from people from the eastern Caucasus, near modern-day Iran, suggesting an early migration of people from the east after the early farmers settled there but before Mycenaeans split from Minoans.
The Mycenaeans did have an important difference: They had some DNA—4% to 16%—from northern ancestors who came from Eastern Europe or Siberia. This suggests that a second wave of people from the Eurasian steppe came to mainland Greece by way of Eastern Europe or Armenia, but didn’t reach Crete, says Iosif Lazaridis, a population geneticist at Harvard University who co-led the study.
G2a2b2a (G-P303) Main article: Haplogroup G-P303 G-P303*, also known as G2a2b2a* (previously G2a3b1*), and its subclades are now concentrated in southern Russia and the Caucasus, as well as, at lower levels, other parts of Europe and South West Asia, especially an area including Turkey, Iran and the Middle East where G2a2b2a may have originated. G2a2b2a is also found in India.
A majority of members of G-P303 belong to one of its subclades, rather than to G-P303*
The largest G-P303* subclade based on available samples is one in which almost all persons have the value of 13 at STR marker DYS388. The SNP L497 encompasses these men, but most G-L497 men belong to its subclade G-Z725, also known as G-DYS388=13. There are additional subclades of DYS388=13 men characterized by the presence of specific SNPs or uncommon STR marker oddities. Members of this group have been found in Europe and the Middle East.[32]
The next largest subclade of G-P303 is characterized by the presence of the U1 mutation. But a high percentage of U1 men belong to its two subclades, G-L13/S13 and Z1266 (G2a3b1a1b). The G-L13 subclade is most common in north central Europe, and G-Z1266 is most common in the western Caucasus Mountains.
The final major subclade is characterized by presence of the SNP Z1903 and by a value of 9 at marker DYS568. A high percentage of G-Z1903 men belong to its subclade, G-Z724. The subclade G-Z724 contains a further large subclade consisting overwhelmingly of Ashkenazi Jews.
The highest percentage of G-P303 persons in a discrete population so far described is on the island of Ibiza off the eastern Spanish coast. This group has been linked with the Crypto-Jewish population which fled to the island during the time of the Spanish Inquisition, of which a significant portion are identifiable as G-Z725 (DYS388=13).
[32] Distinguishing the co-ancestries of haplogroup G Y-chromosomes in the populations of Europe and the Caucasus
J2a1-M47 is found at low frequency (1-5%) in Anatolia, Georgia, Iran, Iraq and Gulf states. J2a1-M67 is the most common subclade in the Caucasus (Vainakhs, Ingushs, Chechens, Georgians, Ossetians, Balkars) and in the Levant (Lebanese, Jews). It is also common in western India, the Arabian Peninsula, Anatolia (esp. north-west), Greece (esp. Crete), Italy (esp. Marche and Abruzzo) and Iberia. M67 was probably a major Bronze Age lineage expanding from the Caucasus to Greece to the west and the Indus valley to the east. J2a1-M68 is a minor subclade found in Iraq and India. J2a1-M319 has been found chiefly in Greece (esp. in Crete) and Italy, and at low frequencies around Western Europe (perhaps diffused by the Romans). J2a1-M339 is a very minor Anatolian subclade. J2a1-M419 is a minor subclade detected in northern Iran. J2a1-P81 is a very minor Anatolian subclade. J2a1-L24 is the most widespread subclade of J2a, with a distribution ranging from the Middle East to Europe, North Africa and South Asia. J2a1-M158 has been found in Anatolia, Iberia, Pakistan and India. J2a1-L84 is a minor subclade detected in the Balkans. J2a1-L25 is the main branch of L24 and is subdivided in many subclades. J2a1-F3133 is found in Anatolia, Syria, Iran, Central Asia and Saudi Arabia. J2a1-F761 is the Western European subclade of F3133, found in Italy, France, the Benelux and England. J2a1-L192.2 is found in Anatolia, Iran and Kerala (India). It has also been found in Tunisia (M'saken). J2a1-PF4888 is found in the Middle East and among Ashkenazi Jews (F659 subclade: Katz and Cohen). J2a1-Z387 and its main subclade L70 (DYS445≤7) are found throughout continental Europe as well as in the Middle East at lower frequency. J2a1-PF5169 is a rare subclade that has been found in Saudi Arabia, Switzerland, southern Germany and England
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The argument here is, could it be a possibility that Minoans were of African origin, extraction / heritage.
you say it " could it be a possibility" now but you don't say that when you post the pictures as if it is a proven match. Do you think only Africans have brown or tanned brown skin?
why not deal with the article info instead of us continuing tired pictures wars like old threads which xyyman started with pictures and quotes about "Negroid features"
Your argument is to deflect. But it doesn't help you at all. I asked why modern Greeks don't look like the images I have posted. That was the score question.
But yeah, the Y-DNA certainly looks interesting, certainly in comparison to mt-DNA.
Supplementary Information 4
Phenotypic inference
We determined the alleles carried by the ancient individuals in 22 of the 24 HIrisPlex1 SNPs (except rs86insA and Y152OCH that were not captured). We also examined the rs1426654 SNP in SLC24A52 which is a major determinant of skin color in present-day people (and which is not included in the HIrisPlex panel). The results are reported in Table S4.1.
Samples that provided working ancient DNA • Salamis31 (I9006): 1411 – 1262 calBCE (DEM-2905 (MAMS-25209), 3067 ± 25 bp). Child from Tomb 7, North side, group 34. • Galatas4 (I9041): Male without an osteological age estimate, LH IIB to LH IIIC (15th to early 12th century BCE). • Galatas19 (I9010): Female without an osteological age estimate, LH IIB to LH IIIC (15th to early 12th century BCE)
Samples • Lasithi4 (I0071): Female without an osteological age estimate, 2400-1700 BCE. • Lasithi2 (I0070): Male without an osteological age estimate, 2400-1700 BCE. • Lasithi7 (I0073): Male without an osteological age estimate, 2400-1700 BCE. • Lasithi9 (I0074): Female without an osteological age estimate, 2400-1700 BCE. • Lasithi17 (I9005): Female without an osteological age estimate, 2400-1700 BCE.
Sample that provided working ancient DNA • A2197 (I2937): Female without an osteological age estimate (5419±41 cal BC or 6441±38 BP based on context)
Samples • A4-1 (I2495): 2558 – 2295 calBCE (Poz-81111, 3925 ± 35 bp). Male. Estimated age at death is 7 years (± 2 years). Macroscopic observation of the mandibular incisors indicate a moderate level of enamel hypoplasia.
• U1c (I2499): 2836 – 2472 calBCE (Poz-82213, 4040 ± 35 bp). Female. Estimated age at death is ca. 13-14 years. The bones of this adolescent female were found in a large jar together with the skeletal remains of two adults.
The latter were identified as a middle- aged female and an adult male. As the adolescent was lying on top of the other two, she had probably been the last individual buried in the jar. She lay in a flexed position on her right side. Three jugs accompanied the small group of deceased (see Fig. S1.9).
• G3-95 (I2683): Female, 2500-1800 BCE. Estimated age at death is 5 years (+-16 months). Fragmentary remains of the child were found in a badly disturbed jar (1).
The next step here is to find out whether they have filtered out certain data, which seems to be one of Iosif Lazaridis favorite template when putting forward data.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Ish Gebor: No not a conspiracy, more like a filter.
what do you mean filter?
3 : something that has the effect of a filter (as by holding back elements or modifying the appearance of something)
explain how that applies to anthropology, nobody use such a term in talking about human populations
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quote:Originally posted by Ish Gebor: No not a conspiracy, more like a filter.
what do you mean filter?
3 : something that has the effect of a filter (as by holding back elements or modifying the appearance of something)
explain how that applies to anthropology, nobody use such a term in talking about human populations
How it is applied is how I used it, it is plain ENGLISH. And yeah, the term filter is being used in anthropology. This just proved that you have nothing to do with the field of anthropology. It is also commonly used in genetics.
Anyway, I'll keep the best for last. Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: so you were BS-ing?
Nope, it was just explained. But I do see the BS, by filter-ing.
Btw, you never responded to my question, all you did was BS-ing.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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posted
Those white figures sure do look out of place,I wonder how anyone thought they were real.
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Lol! All whites do live in a very protective environment which is totally different from the "ancient environment". Plus skin bleachers are a normal part of life today in many places, Asians love it. They ALL have this defensive mechanism called "racism" to protect themselves from normal people around them. The fact that there are multi-millions is proof of their genocidal way and skin bleaching. POINT.
-------------------- “Three things cannot be long hidden: the sun, the moon, and the truth.” Posts: 195 | From: Southern Africa(Azania) | Registered: Mar 2017
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posted
By now we all should know that this Lioness person is NOT a Black woman.
-------------------- “Three things cannot be long hidden: the sun, the moon, and the truth.” Posts: 195 | From: Southern Africa(Azania) | Registered: Mar 2017
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posted
The modern day Greeks has little to nothing to do with the ancient once. Am I right? Interestingly, the Island of Spinalonga, was a leper colony. Could that be the origins of modern day Greeks?
-------------------- “Three things cannot be long hidden: the sun, the moon, and the truth.” Posts: 195 | From: Southern Africa(Azania) | Registered: Mar 2017
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quote:Originally posted by Autshumato: [QB] Lol! All whites do live in a very protective environment which is totally different from the "ancient environment".
what are you talking about?
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quote:Originally posted by Autshumato: [QB] Lol! All whites do live in a very protective environment which is totally different from the "ancient environment".
what are you talking about?
Sunscreen, stay indoors, etc.
-------------------- “Three things cannot be long hidden: the sun, the moon, and the truth.” Posts: 195 | From: Southern Africa(Azania) | Registered: Mar 2017
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quote:Originally posted by Autshumato: [QB] Lol! All whites do live in a very protective environment which is totally different from the "ancient environment".
what are you talking about?
Sunscreen, stay indoors, etc.
Did you know that less than a hundred years ago there was no sunscreen and white people went outdoors?
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posted
There were other means, like totally covered body, hats, long sleeves etc.
-------------------- “Three things cannot be long hidden: the sun, the moon, and the truth.” Posts: 195 | From: Southern Africa(Azania) | Registered: Mar 2017
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quote:Originally posted by Autshumato: Lol! All whites do live in a very protective environment which is totally different from the "ancient environment".
what are you talking about?
Sunscreen, stay indoors, etc.
Did you know that less than a hundred years ago there was no sunscreen and white people went outdoors?
Did you know less than a hundred years ago there was no statistical analysis to see how white people did without sunscreen when they went outdoors.
However,
quote: Methods
We used data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry, the original National Cancer Institute SEER site, to determine trends in invasive melanoma (1950-2007), in situ melanoma (1973-2007), tumor thickness (1993-2007), mortality (1950-2007), and mortality to incidence (1950-2007) among the 19,973 and 3,635 Connecticut residents diagnosed with invasive melanoma (1950-2007) and who died as a result of melanoma (1950-2007), respectively. Main outcome measures included trends in incidence and mortality by age, sex, and birth cohort.
Results
In the initial period (1950-1954), a diagnosis of invasive melanoma was rare, with 1.9 patient cases per 100,000 for men and 2.6 patient cases per 100,000 for women. Between 1950 and 2007, overall incidence rates rose more than 17-fold in men (1.9 to 33.5 per 100,000) and more than nine-fold in women (2.6 to 25.3 per 100,000). During these six decades, mortality rates more than tripled in men (1.6 to 4.9 per 100,000) and doubled in women (1.3 to 2.6 per 100,000). Mortality rates were generally stable or decreasing in men and women through age 54 years.
Conclusion
Unremitting increases in incidence and mortality of melanoma call for a nationally coordinated effort to encourage and promote innovative prevention and early-detection efforts.
[…]
This analysis of time trends in melanoma rates included men and women age 20 to 84 years. We restricted the analysis to whites because they comprised 97% of all patient cases.
—Alan C. Geller et al.
Melanoma Epidemic: An Analysis of Six Decades of Data From the Connecticut Tumor Registry
On 13 June 1906 five officers of the occupying British army, with their interpreter and a police official, visited Denshawai to go pigeon shooting. They shot pigeons belonging to villagers who kept them as domestic animals, angering the owners. The British officers opened fire on the villagers, wounding five, and set fire to the grain of Abd-el-Nebi.
Abd-el-Nebi, whose wife had been seriously injured, struck one of the officers with a stick. He was joined by the elderly Hassan Mahfouz, whose pigeons had been killed. Other villagers threw stones at them. The officers, two Irishmen and three Englishmen, surrendered their weapons, along with their watches and money, but this failed to appease the angry villagers. Two officers escaped, one of whom managed to contact the British Army, but the other died of heat stroke some distance from the village. An Egyptian peasant who tried to help the sick man was killed by soldiers who came across them.
Meanwhile, in the village the elders had intervened, saving the remaining soldiers and allowing them to return to their base. Concerned about a growing nationalist movement, Egyptian officials used the Denshawai incident as a pretext to harshly punish any resistance to British rule. The next day, the British army arrived, arresting fifty-two villagers, including Abd-el-Nebi, Hassan Mahfouz, a man called Darweesh and Zahran. At a summary trial, where the judges were mostly British, Hassan, Darweesh, Zahran and one other man were convicted of murdering the officer who had died of sunstroke, and were sentenced to death. One of the judges was Boutros Boutros Ghali’s grandfather. Abd-el-Nebi and another villager were given a life sentence of penal servitude and twenty-six villagers were given various terms of hard labor and ordered to be flogged. The officers stated that they had been "guests" of the villagers and had done nothing wrong.
The Egyptian police official accompanying the soldiers to the village did not confirm their story. He testified in court that after Abd-el Nebi's wife had been shot, the officers fired twice more on the mob. For his testimony, he was stood down, and a court of discipline sentenced him to two years imprisonment and fifty lashes.
This decision inflamed public opinion in both Great Britain and Egypt. Those who called the tribunal and its legality into question were accused of being unpatriotic and supporting the “the venal agitators” in Egypt.
Guy Aldred, who in 1907 compared the execution of Madan Lal Dhingra with the immunity given to the British officers in this incident, was sentenced to twelve months hard labor for publishing "The Indian Sociologist".
George Bernard Shaw, in the preface to his play "John Bull’s Other Island", says that because “they had room for only one man on the gallows, and had to leave him hanging half an hour to make sure [he was dead] and give his family plenty of time to watch him swinging, thus having two hours to kill as well as four men, they kept the entertainment going by flogging eight men with fifty lashes each.”
Shaw commented: “If her [England’s] empire means ruling the world as Denshawai has been ruled in 1906 – and that, I am afraid, is what the Empire does mean to the main body of our aristocratic-military caste and to our Jingo plutocrats – then there can be no more sacred and urgent political duty on earth than the disruption, defeat, and suppression of the Empire, and, incidentally, the humanization of its supporters…”
--Patrick Richard Carstens - 2014
The Encyclopædia of Egypt during the Reign of the Mehemet Ali Dynasty 1798 …
But hey, you just do you and believe what you want to believe. Let's have this take a NATURAL COURSE and NTR deal with it.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Autshumato: There were other means, like totally covered body, hats, long sleeves etc.
I have told often that I travel often, and whenever being in a tropical country or sub-tropical country, whites have difficulty with the hot weather. Getting burned etc. Most melanoma cases are with whites.
To claim that these cold adapted people are actually able to walk bare naked in Sahara climate like ancient Egyptians did for thousands of years generation after generation, is merely laughable and wishful thinking. Even when I was in Egypt, you could see them having difficulty with the weather.
quote: The Visual and Material Culture of British Military Encounters with Egypt, 1798-1918
British Soldiers in Egypt Image Credit: National Army Museum
Between 1798 and 1918 the British armed forces were engaged in a series of major military campaigns in Egypt. Naval victories over the French at the Battle of the Nile (1798) and the Siege of Acre (1799) were followed by a military expedition of over 22,000 troops in 1801-2. Five years later, in 1807, 5000 troops were despatched on a failed campaign in support of Mameluke forces. In 1882, 40,000 men led by Sir Garnet Wolsley formed the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force sent to secure British interests in the region, resulting in British occupation for the next 74 years. In the First World War, Egypt acted as troop camp and training ground for British imperial forces: by 1918 there were as many as 400,000 troops under imperial command in Egypt, including significant numbers of Indian, Australian and New Zealand soldiers.
The extended duration of British military engagement with Egypt and the substantial numbers of troops involved make it an especially fruitful case study for the analysis of militarized cultural encounters. This project will examine the perception and experience of Egypt by soldiers of all ranks from Britain and the Empire from the eighteenth to the twentieth century. It will draw principally on the National Army Museum and the Imperial War Museum’s rich collections of soldiers’ letters, journals and memoirs, as well as paintings, photographs and souvenirs relating to the Egyptian campaign. It will uncover the dominant topoi and perceptual frameworks through which British soldiers represented their experiences in Egypt. These ranged from the classical to the biblical, from the Christian crusading rhetoric that has been detected in British soldiers’ accounts of the Egyptian campaigns of WW1, to the more touristic view of Egypt summarized in Australian troops’ shorthand ‘sun, sand and syphilis’.
The project will focus, in particular, on the visual and material record of this encounter. Firstly, it will analyse the rich collection of soldiers’ sketches, engravings and photographs, as well as the visual vocabulary through which the British-Egyptian encounter was represented. The affinity between the ‘tourist gaze’ and the appropriative gaze of the military conqueror has become something of a critical commonplace in studies of both tourism and photography. Little attention, however, has been paid to the visual record of amateur military artists and photographers and how these relate to both forms of military surveillance and touristic and ethnographic modes of viewing. The project will look to develop an analytical framework through which to interpret the culture and practice of amateur military photography setting it alongside other, more familiar, textual records of war experience. Secondly, it will explore the curious blending of the local and the ‘exotic’ that resulted from the incorporation of Egyptian symbols such as the Sphinx into British regimental iconographies and traditions. As well as examining how the encounter may have been filtered through these local traditions, it will also consider how far Egypt operated as a site in which the transnational affinities of the multi-ethnic British imperial army could be articulated. The Army of India sent an estimated 7,000 troops, including many sepoys, to serve in the Egyptian campaign of 1801-2, while an estimated 144,000 Indian troops were deployed in Egypt and Palestine in the First World War. Finally, it will pay close attention to the material culture of the British-Egyptian encounter, exploring how the souvenirs, antiquities and curiosities collected by soldiers functioned means of self-fashioning and as repositories of memory and meaning. In so doing, the project will seek to add new approaches and insights to the burgeoning scholarship on the material culture of warfare.
quote:Originally posted by Elite Diasporan: EVERYONE. Back on topic or this thread is getting locked.
I asked the lioness a question pertaining the subject, and unfortunately no response was given by the lioness.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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posted
You should know why BBH wants to lock the thread, Great Photos ISh. You always maze me with what you can dig up.
White people and their delusion of a "White Crete". Obvious these ancient people were more like North Africans.
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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quote:Originally posted by xyyman: You should know why BBH wants to lock the thread, Great Photos Ish. You always maze me with what you can dig up.
White people and their delusion of a "White Crete". Obvious these ancient people were more like North Africans.
I don't mean to claim them as Africans necessarily, but that is what was suspected for a long time. However, they don't look like the modern people in the region. So the question is, who were these people?
quote:EXHIBITION OF THE REPRODUCTIONS OF THE WALL PAINTINGS OF THERA
The discovery of the wall-paintings of Akrotiri, Thera, in the excavations (1967-1974) of Professor Spyridon Marinatos is of outstanding importance for our knowledge of the early Aegean world. It ranks alongside Schliemann's opening of the Shaft Graves of Mycenae in 1876 and Evan's uncovering of the Palace of Knossos with its collections of inscribed tablets in 1900.
Of all the finds unearthed in the excavations at Akrotiri, there can be little doubt that the wall-paintings constitute the most significant contribution to our knowledge of Aegean art and society. In technique, style and thematic content they are an invaluable object study for archaeologists, art historian, zoologists, botanists, chemists, and a host of other specialists, and a virtually inexhaustible source of information on the art, economy, environment, technology, manners and customs - indeed life in general - in the first half of the second millennium BC.
The Thera Foundation hopes that by making the wall-paintings of Akrotiri widely available for study and enjoyment it is making a significant contribution to the understanding of early Aegean culture.
posted
I don't understand why this topic has lasted two pages. Tukuler and others have already shown that many of the pictures in this thread were repainted to make them appear more Europeans.
Euronuts never give up trying to "white out", Blacks from ancient history. As a result, you have to repost material to show how false their propositions are.
Population genetics can not change history and archaeology except in the mind of the confused and promoters of Eurocentrism. The Greeks made it clear the Minoans came from Africa and were descendants of the Garamantes.
The Garamantes founded civilization in Minoa, or ancient Crete.The Garamantes were Mande speakers not Berbers.
The Tuareg did not come from the Fezzan, they originated in the East. According to Tuareg tradition they originated in the Tafilalt or Tafilet (Arabic: تافيلالت) a important oasis of the Moroccan Sahara, and migrated from there to the Fezzan.
The Ancient Minoans: Keftiu were Mande Speakers
Every since Arthur Evans discovered the Hieroglyphic and Linear A writing of Crete there has been a search for the authors of this writing.
Some Grecian traditions indicate that Libyans (called Garamante) formerly lived on Crete. This suggest that the Eteocretans may have spoken one of the ancient languages of Libya.
Sources agree that Garama was name of their capital city. Garamante was the name for the tribe.
Garama was the name of the capital city of the Garamantes. Pliny the Elder wrote"clarissimumque Garama caput Garamantum, the "well known Garam capital, of the Garamantes".See: www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/20....ert.kingdom.htm
A major group from Libya that settled Crete were the Garamante. Robert Graves in (Vol.1, pp.33-35) maintains that the Garamante originally lived in the Fezzan and fused with the inhabitants of the Upper Niger region of West Africa.
This theory is interesting because the chariot routes from the Garama, in the Fezzan terminated at the Niger river. In addition, the Cretan term for king "Minos", agrees with the Mande/Manding word for ruler "Mansa". Both these terms share consonantal agreement : M N S.
The name Garamante, illustrates affinity to Mande morphology and grammar. The Mande language is a member of the Niger-Congo group of languages. The name for the Manding tribe called "Mande", means Ma 'mother, and nde 'children', can be interpreted as "Children of Ma", or "Mothers children " (descent among this group is matrilineal) . The word Garamante,can be broken down into Malinke-Bambara into the following monosyllabic words Ga 'hearth', arid, hot'; Mante/Mande , the name of the Mande speaking tribes. This means that the term: Garamante, can be interpreted as "Mande of the Arid lands" or "Arid lands of the children of Ma". This last term is quite interesting because by the time the Greeks and Romans learned about the Garamante, the Fezzan was becoming increasingly arid.
Keftiu
The Egyptians called the Cretans Keftiu. There is agreement between the Keftiu names recorded by Egyptian scribes (T.E. Peet, "The Egyptian writing board BM5647 bearing Keftiu names". In , (ed.) by S Casson (Oxford, 1927, 90-99)), and Manding names.
The root kef-, in Keftiu, probably is Ke'be, the name of a Manding clan , plus the locative suffix {i-} used to give the affirmative sense, plus the plural suffix for names {u-}, and the {-te} suffixial element used to denote place names, nationalities and to form words.
On the Egyptian writing board there are eight Keftiu names. These names agree with Manding names:
Keftiu....... Manding
sh h.r........ Sye
Nsy ..........Nsye
'ksh .........Nkyi
Pnrt Pe,..... Beni (name for twins)
'dm ..........Demba
Rs............. Rsa
This analogy between Keftiu and Manding names is startling.
In conclusion, the evidence of similarity between Keftiu names and names from the Manding languages appear to support Graves view that the Eteocretans, who early settled Crete may have spoken a language similar to the Mande people who live near the Niger. Conseqently, there is every possibility that the Linear A script used by the Keftiu, which is analogous to the Libyco Berber writing used by the Proto-Mande .This is further support to Cambell-Dunn' s hypothesis that the Minoans spoke a Niger-Congo language.
In addition, because the Keftiu were Africans, the haplogroups carried by the Minoans would have been African haplogroups. As a result, when we find mtDNA U,T,N1 and K among the Anatolians, it was just a reflection of the Blacks/Kushites that dominated Anatolia
Consequently, when we find that the Minoans carried haplogroups H (43.2%), T (18.9%), K (16.2%) and I (8.1%). Haplogroups U5a, W, J2, U, X and J were each identified in a single individual. The results correspond to the Anatolian mtDNA.
The Mande speakers, include the Djola and Mandekan of the geneticist carry 2% Eurasian admixture. The people in Mali carry the N and H haplogroups. . . The highest concentration of U5 is found among Berbers in NWA . It is also carried by Mande spekers and Fulani in West Africa . The Djola, Mande speakers also carry mtDNA M1, H and N. See Alexandra Rosa, et al, MtDNA Profile of West Africa Guineans: Towards a Better Understanding of the Senegambia, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00100.x/full
The U5 haplogroup carried by the Mande, like other SSWA is characterized by 16189,16192,16270 and 16320.
The presence of hg U5, M1, N and H among the Mande speakers supports the linguistic evidence concerning the Keftiu.
The Y-chromosomes of Cretans also indicate the Cretans were Blacks Laisel Martinez et al , Paleolithic Y-haplogroup heritage predominates in a Cretan highland plateau, Eur J Hum Genet. 2007 http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v15/n4/full/5201769a.html provides a detailed discussion of the y-chromosomes in Crete. The presence of y-chromosomes R1b, T, K and H in Crete indicate that the Cretans were Black.
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The genomic data from this period is important because the people of Abusir at this time would have been primarily Egyptian. As a result, the mtDNA carried by the Egyptians confirms the reality that the so-called Eurasian haplogroups are nothing more than African haplogroups.
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In Schuenemann et al, 2017, there were 100 mummies in the study. A total of 27 mummies were dated between 992-749BC. In Figure 1, you can see the clades carried by these Egyptians. Below are the frequencies of the haplogroups among Egyptians at this time:
Haplogroup Frequency U 18.5 T 22.2 J 18.5 X 0.0675 M1a 0.0675 H 0.0675 I 0.0675 HV 0.037 RO 0.037 K 0.037 N 0.037
The presence of these haplogroups among the Abusir population shows that the U,T, and J clades had a high frequency among the Egyptians, and that many of the so called Middle East clades were already present in Lower Egypt before the Greco-Romans, Turks and etc. ruled Egypt.
As a result, the finding of mtDNA U,T,J and N clades, and the Y-Chromosome R1 among, Anatolians, Cretans and Lower Egyptians explains the close relationship between the Minoans,and Anatolians. All of these people were Khas=Kushites, who had come from Upper Egypt and the Fezzan.
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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At the "African American, black woman" above. It's funny this same argument was used by you to put a picture by Koreans.
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