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Author Topic: First modern Britons had 'dark to black' skin
tropicals redacted
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Interesting, but not that surprising.
Seems to have cleaned up on this site, but would have been entertaining to get the reactions of the racists!

www.theguardian.com/science/2018/feb/07/first-modern-britons-dark-black-skin-cheddar-man-dna-analysis-reveals?CMP=share_btn_link

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Dinkum
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Sometimes I wonder if scientists ever bother to read about other DNA results of ancient humans:

This is a 7700 year old Northern European. DNA taken from him shows he had WHITE SKIN, BLUE EYES AND BLONDE HAIR:
https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-aba0dc25afb841b00fa3db69c558594d-c

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Dinkum
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He had dark to black skin, THEY DONT REALLY KNOW and probably looked like LABRANA MAN of Spain:

https://i.cbc.ca/1.2512510.1390834765!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/16x9_620/hi-hunter-gatherer-852-jpg.jpg

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the lioness,
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In 1996, Bryan Sykes of Oxford University first sequenced the mitochondrial DNA of Cheddar Man, with DNA extracted from one of Cheddar Man's molars. Cheddar Man was determined to have belonged to Haplogroup U5, a branch of mitochondrial Haplogroup U, which has also been found in other Mesolithic human remains.[3][4] Sykes obtained DNA from the 9,000-year-old Cheddar Man's tooth and from a 12,000-year-old tooth found from the same cave.[5]

Bryan Sykes's research into Cheddar Man was filmed as he performed it in 1997. As a means of connecting Cheddar Man to the living residents of Cheddar village, he compared mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) taken from 20 living residents of the village to that extracted from Cheddar Man’s molar. He found two people who shared the same mtDNA as Cheddar Man, because around 10% of Europeans belong to Haplogroup U5.[6] They, like anyone else carrying haplogroup U5 today, share an ancestor with Cheddar Man of many thousands of years ago through his maternal line.[7][8]

However, the Cheddar Man results have never been subjected to peer review in an academic journal. It has been suggested that the sequence was from contaminating modern DNA

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BrandonP
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quote:
The analysis also ruled out an ancestral link with individuals inhabiting Gough’s Cave 5,000 years earlier, who appear to have performed grisly cannibalistic rituals, including gnawing on human toes and fingers – possibly after boiling them – and drinking from polished skull cups.
Has aDNA from the other Gough's Cave individuals been examined for pigmentation alleles? Because, if this Cheddar guy had more or less the same physical appearance as the people living in Iberia during the same time period, I'm thinking he might be descended from migrants from that area of Europe.

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tropicals redacted
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“[T]he research team found genetic markers that showed skin pigmentation usually associated with sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting a totally different look for humans in Britain 10,000 years ago.”

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/cheddar-man-first-modern-briton-black-dark-skinned-all-africa-descendants-scientific-research-latest-a8198656.html

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xyyman
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Who is the skeleton? what is his DNA results for pigmentation. No Europeans were white until about 2000BC. All aDNA results confirm this. You know you are out of your league?

quote:
Originally posted by Dinkum:
Sometimes I wonder if scientists ever bother to read about other DNA results of ancient humans:

This is a 7700 year old Northern European. DNA taken from him shows he had WHITE SKIN, BLUE EYES AND BLONDE HAIR:
https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-aba0dc25afb841b00fa3db69c558594d-c



--------------------
Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming

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xyyman
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First off if he carry U5 he is NOT Middle Eastern he is indigenous Hunter gatherer from Euro-Africa-Fulani. Middle Easterners do not really carry U5


Again I am right….
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Nice find Brada. You would of thought I wrote the piece. Lol!

The only thing I take exception to is they suggest a "middle Eastern" origin of this black man Englishman. That is a lie. Again they are trying to distance themselves from Africa. It is geographically improbable for him to be from the "Middle East". He is African/North African.
They affirm, as I, for some reason Europeans remained black until the Neolithics arrived. Within the last 5000years.

Quote:
"The discovery shows that the genes for lighter skin became widespread in European populations far later than originally thought – and that skin colour was not always a proxy for geographic origin in the way it is often seen to be today."
"The results pointed to a Middle Eastern origin for Cheddar Man, suggesting that his ancestors would have left Africa,"

Read more: http://egyptsearchreloaded.proboards.com/thread/2638/first-modern-britons-dark-black?page=1#ixzz56REtYqtk

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capra
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there is going to be a paper in a couple weeks apparently. i guess he will be pretty much like Loschbour.
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quote:
Originally posted by Dinkum:
Sometimes I wonder if scientists ever bother to read about other DNA results of ancient humans:

This is a 7700 year old Northern European. DNA taken from him shows he had WHITE SKIN, BLUE EYES AND BLONDE HAIR:
https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-aba0dc25afb841b00fa3db69c558594d-c

Now what does this have to do with THIS BRITON man?
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the lioness,
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Europedia

The age of haplogroup U5 is uncertain at present. It could have arisen as recently as 35,000 years ago, or as early was 50,000 years ago. U5 appear to have been a major maternal lineage among the Paleolithic European hunter-gatherers (known as Cro-Magnons), and even the dominant lineage during the European Mesolithic. In two papers published two months apart, Posth et al. 2016 and Fu et al. 2016 reported the resultts of over 70 complete human mitochondrial genomes ranging from 45,000 to 7,000 years ago. The oldest U5 samples all dated from the Gravettian culture (c. 32,000 to 22,000 years before present), while the older Aurignacian samples belonged to mt-haplogroups M, N, R* and U2. Among the 16 Gravettian samples that yieled reliable results, six belonged to U5 - the others belonging mostly to U2, as well as isolated samples of M, U* and U8c. Two Italian Epigravettian samples, one from the Paglicci Cave in Apulia (18,500 ybp), and another one from Villabruna in Veneto (14,000 ybp), belonged to U5b2b, as did two slightly more recent Epipaleolithic samples from the Rhône valley in France. U5b1 samples were found in Epipalaeolithic Germany, Switzerland (U5b1h in the Grotte du Bichon) and France. More 80% of the numerous Mesolithic European mtDNA tested to date belonged to various subclades of U5. Overall, it appears that U5 arrived in Europe with the Gravettian tool makers, and that it particularly prospered from the end of the glacial period (from 11,700 years ago) until the arrival of Neolithic farmers from the Near East (between 8,500 and 6,000 years ago).


wikipedia

Haplogroup U is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup (mtDNA). The clade arose from haplogroup R, likely during the early Upper Paleolithic. Its various subclades (labelled U1–U9, diverging over the course of the Upper Paleolithic) are found widely distributed across Northern and Eastern Europe, Central, Western and South Asia, as well as North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and the Canary Islands.
Haplogroup U5 is found in small frequencies and at much lower diversity in the Near East and parts of northern Africa (areas with sizable U6 concentrations), suggesting back-migration of people from Europe toward the south.


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Cheddar man reconstruction

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the lioness,
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https://www.stormfront.org/forum/t1241000/


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I was about to create a thread with the Black Cheddar man Great Britain but tropical redacted beat me to it. I think this is a rare honest representation of a prehistoric Briton and European showing him to be a Black person. I think only a minority of Prehistoric Black European had black skin with straight hair and blue eyes, the majority of Black Prehistoric Black Europeans had Black skin with woolly hair and dark eyes.

I think the majority of Europeans were Brown and black people who originally migrated to Europe from Africa and West Asia until 500 to 800 CE when the Central Asian or Russian White barbarian (foreigner in Ancient Greek) migrated and invaded Eastern and Western Europe by the millions. Thats why in Medieval and Renaissance (Even Colonial) European history there was the strange case of Black and Brown royal family and Nobility (nicknamed monkey) representing the 1% ruling over a majority (70%) White population.

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-5358699/First-Brit-dark-skinned-blue-eyed.html

Face of the first Briton is revealed: DNA analysis shows 10,000-year-old man had 'dark to black' skin with BLUE eyes and curly hair - and is related to one in 10 of today's Brits
The bones are the oldest near-complete human skeleton ever found in Britain and were unearthed in 1903
Researchers extracted DNA data from bone powder by drilling a 2mm hole through the skull's inner ear bone
It showed that there was a 76 per cent chance that Cheddar Man was ‘dark to black’ by today's standards
Research suggests the first inhabitants of the British isles developed white skin later on than thought


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The first ancient Britons had black skin, dark curly hair and blue eyes, DNA tests show. The findings were made by genetic tests carried out for the first time on the bones of ‘Cheddar Man’ who died 10,000 years ago. The bones are the oldest near-complete human skeleton ever found in Britain

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Scientists said yesterday they were surprised to discover that the earliest Briton would be considered ‘black’ if he lived today. The research suggests the first inhabitants of the British isles developed white skin later on than previously thought

 -
Britain at the time of Cheddar Man, around 10,000 years ago, was very different from today. An Ice Age had just finished and the land had become green again. Perhaps in pursuit of game, hunter gathering tribes swept in from what is now continental Europe across a land bridge across the North Sea – known as Doggerland

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For more than 100 years, scientists have tried to reveal Cheddar Man’s story, posing theories as to what he looked like, where he came from and what he can tell us about our earliest ancestors. This image shows researchers responsible for the creation of the new bust

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mena

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Dinkum
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Not all ancient Europeans had dark skin. Northern Europeans
hunter-gatherers had white skin, blonde and blue eyes:

And here is the respected scientific paper:
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/04/how-europeans-evolved-white-skin

Motala Man is dated to 7700 and is the oldest remains in Northern Europe to have DNA extracted. How old white skin is in Northern Europe? NO ONE REALLY KNOWS.

Also, the Asian Oase individual dated 37 000 years and found in Romania also had light skin, maybe because he had a big dose of Neanderthal DNA:
http://www.kenniskennis.com/images/site/453.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peștera_cu_Oase

This is a 9000 year old Greek woman recreated looking really angry:
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-42802291

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Dinkum
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 -

He looks just like this Indian:
 -

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Dinkum
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Populations of ancient Europe:
 -

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Dinkum
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Light skin was taken by the Middle Eastern Farmers into South and Central Europe about 8000 years ago, although white skin originated separately in Northern Europe.

9000 year old Greek woman recreated.

http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Face-of-a-9%2C000-Year-Old-Female-Teenage.jpg[/IMG]

[ 20. August 2018, 08:32 PM: Message edited by: Elmaestro ]

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tropicals redacted
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The image on Mena’s post of the facial reconstruction in front of the steps at the Natural History Museum, the one with the Dutch twins who worked on the project, gives an accurate representation of the mannequin’s skin colour.

Again:
“[T]he research team found genetic markers that showed skin pigmentation usually associated with sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting a totally different look for humans in Britain 10,000 years ago.”

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/cheddar-man-first-modern-briton-black-dark-skinned-all-africa-descendants-scientific-research-latest-a8198656.html

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Lion
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Which evidence concluded that he had the white-skin gene? They made a bust for cheddar man as he was white, then with genetics proved that he was black.
quote:
Originally posted by Dinkum:
Light skin was taken by the Middle Eastern Farmers into South and Central Europe about 8000 years ago, although white skin originated separately in Northern Europe.

9000 year old Greek woman recreated.

[IMG]http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Face-of-a-9%2C000-Year-Old-Female-Teenage.jpg



[ 20. August 2018, 08:31 PM: Message edited by: Elmaestro ]

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Linda Fahr
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I don't agree with Cedar man slighted curly hair.
But, i did not expected the British would given him his original Afro hair, because of their geopolitical and racial ambitions.

Therefore, I do agree with his eyes and skin colors.

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---lnnnnn*

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Linda Fahr
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There are only one people in Africa that still carried their genetic blue eyes color. They are the Xhosa people.

Therefore, was the Xhosa people ancient ancestors that migrated to British Isles ten thousand years ago.

In fact, when european settlers arrived in South Africa, and they saw the Xhosa people blue eyes, they went on to write a book, saying the Xhosa people blue eyes ancestors was a Scandinavian princess,which was taken to Africa by a large sea wave thousands of years ago before [Big Grin]

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---lnnnnn*

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xyyman
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Hofmyer the 35,000year old African
 -
 -


Cheddar man - the 10000year old European.
 -

Lol! Dinkum the racialist! Go figure..lol!

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Clyde Winters
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It is obvious now that the 67% of Britons who carry R1, carry the genes becauser of their Black ancestors


Now we can see why the ancient Europeans were carrying V88. They carried the haplogroup because they were Blacks from Africa.

Toomas Kivisild1 (2017).The study of human Y chromosome variation through ancient DNA. web page

The article is interesting. It is most interesting because it places V88 in ancient Europe. It is sad that researchers fail to publish this reality.


Kivisild (2017) also made it clear that V88 is the earliest offshoot of R-M343 .

quote:


Late Neolithic, Early Bronze Age and Iron Age samples from Central and Western Europe have typically the R1b-L11, R1a1-Z283 and R1a-M417 (xZ645)
affiliation while the samples from the Yamnaya and Samara neighbourhood are different and belong to sub-clades R1b11-Z2105 and R1a2-Z93 (Allentoft et al. 2015; Cassidy et al. 2016; Haak et al. 2015; Mathieson et al. 2015; Schiffels et al. 2016).


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The R1b11-Z2015 lineage is today common in the Caucasus and Volga-Uralic region while being virtually absent in Central and Western Europe (Broushaki et al.2016). Interestingly, the earliest offshoot of extant haplogroup R1b-M343 variation, the V88 subclade, which is currently most common in Fulani speaking populations in Africa (Cruciani et al. 2010) has distant relatives in Early Neolithic samples from across wide geographic area from Iberia, Germany to Samara (Fig. 7).

The presence of the carriers of V88 in Europe makes it clear that Sub-Saharan Africans had been in Europe for an extended period of time. Moreover it is clear that 25kya SSAs carrying haplogroup R1 were in Eurasia, Africa and the Americas.
.

 -
.

The presence of V88 in Europe indicates that thousands of years before the Yamnaya and Bell Beaker people carried R1 into Europe, there were Sub-Saharan Africans in Europe. It indicates that the Bell Beaker people who entered Europe from Morocco via Iberia were carriers of V88, was just one among many groups of Blacks who early settled Europe and remained supreme in Europe until fairly recent times.


.

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C. A. Winters

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Autshumato
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quote:
Originally posted by Dinkum:
He had dark to black skin, THEY DONT REALLY KNOW and probably looked like LABRANA MAN of Spain:

https://i.cbc.ca/1.2512510.1390834765!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/16x9_620/hi-hunter-gatherer-852-jpg.jpg

Picture is not based on the skull. Whites belong in Central Asia. PERIOD.

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Ish Geber
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quote:
Originally posted by Dinkum:
Sometimes I wonder if scientists ever bother to read about other DNA results of ancient humans:

This is a 7700 year old Northern European. DNA taken from him shows he had WHITE SKIN, BLUE EYES AND BLONDE HAIR:
https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-aba0dc25afb841b00fa3db69c558594d-c

Sometimes I wonder where you learned math and topology?


First modern Britons 10,000 years ago vs 7700 year old Northern European.

I think your IQ is low. This confirms that jared taylor is wrong on his claims.

Ancient DNA Reveals Lack of Continuity between Neolithic Hunter-Gatherers and Contemporary Scandinavians

quote:

Summary

The driving force behind the transition from a foraging to a farming lifestyle in prehistoric Europe (Neolithization) has been debated for more than a century 1, 2 and 3. Of particular interest is whether population replacement or cultural exchange was responsible 3, 4 and 5. Scandinavia holds a unique place in this debate, for it maintained one of the last major hunter-gatherer complexes in Neolithic Europe, the Pitted Ware culture [6]. Intriguingly, these late hunter-gatherers existed in parallel to early farmers for more than a millennium before they vanished some 4,000 years ago 7 and 8. The prolonged coexistence of the two cultures in Scandinavia has been cited as an argument against population replacement between the Mesolithic and the present 7 and 8. Through analysis of DNA extracted from ancient Scandinavian human remains, we show that people of the Pitted Ware culture were not the direct ancestors of modern Scandinavians (including the Saami people of northern Scandinavia) but are more closely related to contemporary populations of the eastern Baltic region. Our findings support hypotheses arising from archaeological analyses that propose a Neolithic or post-Neolithic population replacement in Scandinavia [7]. Furthermore, our data are consistent with the view that the eastern Baltic represents a genetic refugia for some of the European hunter-gatherer populations.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982209016947
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Linda Fahr
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I completely agree with Mr. Winters.
Actually, I have been studying and followed the Paleolithic and Neolithic Art works of two groups of Subsaharan Africans from Congo and Namibia to Chad, then they went to Morocco, and from there they crossed the Gibraltar Strait into Spain where they started the Bell Beaker culture. That's why I don't believe at all, that Middle Eastern returned to Africa during paleolithic time, because by that time, two new groups of African Humans exited Africa to Europe, and not otherwise.

Dinkum, wants to imposed their old white supremacist theories upon us. He remind me Hazel Crampton book - "The Sunburnt Queen", written in 1730s. The book is about a seven year old blue eyed Scandinavian migrant to England girl who was washed by a sea wave up on the "Wild Coast of South Africa" and was adopted by her rescuers. She grew to be a woman of astounding beauty and wisdom and became the Great Wife of a Xhosa tribal prince. That's how European settlers brain washed Africans and Africans settlers, to make them to believe they had the rights to African people lands and natural resources.

I suggest Dinkum, to search for DNA tests results, about the origin of blue eyes done by Johannes Krause of the University of Tübingen, Germany, and David Reich of Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, which related to a group of African blue eyes people migrating into Europe between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago. They were the Xhosa people of South Africa. They settled in Europe in their way to the British Isles. And that's was how blue eyes gene was introduced in Europe, and not how from Ukraine, Russia, of Caucasus regions.

Actually, the most beautiful blue eyes in the world are from the original African Xhosa people.
All children born with blue eyes, has a beautiful dark blue color, and large round eye shape. Contrary of the majority of Europeans that in fact, does not have dark blue eyes, they have hazel color eyes, and more toward to mongoloid shape eyes, them African round eyes. A minority of white Europeans inherited the beautiful color and eyes shape of Color people.

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---lnnnnn*

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Ish Geber
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quote:
Originally posted by tropicals redacted:
Interesting, but not that surprising.
Seems to have cleaned up on this site, but would have been entertaining to get the reactions of the racists!

www.theguardian.com/science/2018/feb/07/first-modern-britons-dark-black-skin-cheddar-man-dna-analysis-reveals?CMP=share_btn_link

Guess what,

quote:

Levantine cranium from Manot Cave (Israel)foreshadows the first European modern humans

Owing to the scarcity of human fossils from this period, these ancestors of all present-day non-African modern populations remain largely enigmatic. Here we describe a partial calvaria, recently discovered at Manot Cave (Western Galilee, Israel) and dated to 54.7 ± 5.5 kyr BP (arithmetic mean ± 2 standard deviations) by uranium–thorium dating, that sheds light on this crucial event.

— Israel Hershkovitz et al.


Nature volume 520, pages 216–219 (09 April 2015)
doi:10.1038/nature14134


https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14134


quote:
The study on the partial calvarium discovered at Manot Cave, Western Galilee, Israel (dated to 54.7 ± 5.5 kyr BP, Hershkovitz et al. 2015), revealed close morphological affinity with recent African skulls as well as with early Upper Paleolithic European skulls, but less so with earlier anatomically modern humans from the Levant (e.g., Skhul). The ongoing fieldwork at the Manot Cave has resulted in the discovery of several new hominin teeth. These include a lower incisor (I1), a right lower first deciduous molar (dm1), a left upper first deciduous molar (dm1) and an upper second molar (M2) all from area C (>32 kyr) and a right upper second molar (M2) from area E (>36 kyr). The current study presents metric and morphological data on the new Manot Cave teeth. These new data combined with our already existing knowledge on the Manot skull may provide an important insight on the Upper Paleolithic population of the Levant, its origin and dietary habits.
— Rachel Sarig ; Israel Hershkovitz et al.

The Upper Paleolithic inhabitants of Manot Cave: the dental perspective (Year: 2017)

http://core.tdar.org/document/431657/the-upper-paleolithic-inhabitants-of-manot-cave-the-dental-perspective

These people live in the regio, till this day and time.

(I post these images, so you have a better perspective)

 -


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Linda Fahr
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I completely agree with Mr. Winters.
Actually, I have been studying and followed the Paleolithic and Neolithic Art works of two groups of Subsaharan Africans from Congo and Namibia to Chad, then they went to Morocco, and from there they crossed the Gibraltar Strait into Spain where they started the Bell Beaker culture. That's why I don't believe at all, that Middle Eastern returned to Africa during paleolithic time, because by that time, two new groups of African Humans exited Africa to Europe, and not otherwise.

Dinkum, wants to imposed their old white supremacist theories upon us. He remind me Hazel Crampton book - "The Sunburnt Queen", written in 1730s. The book is about a seven year old blue eyed Scandinavian migrant to England girl who was washed by a sea wave up on the "Wild Coast of South Africa" and was adopted by her rescuers. She grew to be a woman of astounding beauty and wisdom and became the Great Wife of a Xhosa tribal prince. That's how European settlers brain washed Africans and Africans settlers, to make them to believe they had the rights to African people lands and natural resources.

I suggest Dinkum, to search for DNA tests results, about the origin of blue eyes done by Johannes Krause of the University of Tübingen, Germany, and David Reich of Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, which related to a group of African blue eyes people migrating into Europe between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago. They were the Xhosa people of South Africa. They settled in Europe in their way to the British Isles. And that's was how blue eyes gene was introduced in Europe, and not from Ukraine, Russia, of Caucasus regions.

Actually, the most beautiful blue eyes in the world are from the original African Xhosa people.
All children born with blue eyes, has a beautiful dark blue color, and large round eyes shape. Contrary of the majority of Europeans that in fact, do not have dark blue eyes, they have hazel color eyes, and more toward to mongoloid shape eyes, then Xhosa people round eyes. Only a minority of white Europeans inherited the beautiful color and eyes shape of the Xhosa people.

--------------------
---lnnnnn*

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Dinkum
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Xhosa and other black Africans do not have blue eyes. Its super rare for a Black African to have blue eyes. The Cheddar Man and others like him in Europe, only migrated into Europe 11 000 years ago. Probably the reason why they still had dark skin. They also likely interbred with the original hunter - gatherers in Europe who already had blue eyes.

This Cro-Magnon is actually a recreation of a FRENCH CRO-MAGNON:

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Xhosa and other black Africans do not have blue eyes. Its super rare for a Black African to have blue eyes. The Cheddar Man and others like him in Europe, only migrated into Europe 11 000 years ago. Probably the reason why they still had dark skin. They also likely interbred with the original hunter - gatherers in Europe who already had blue eyes.

This Cro-Magnon is actually a recreation of a FRENCH CRO-MAGNON:

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Xhosa carry E1B1A. Guess what??? Europeans DO NOT.

Haplogroup E1B1A is 25 000 years old and is said to have originated in Ethiopia, although there are some scientists claiming Haplogroup E originated in Eurasia and was brought back into Africa. After all DE, the ancestor of E is EURASIAN IN ORIGIN.

This is LABRANA MAN who is like related to Cheddar Man

HAPLOGROUPS OF LABRANA MAN:

Haplogroup C6 (SOUTH ASIAN IN ORIGIN)

MTDNA U5b2c1 (WEST ASIAN IN ORIGIN)

Yip Im sure LaBrana Man and Cheddar Man resemble a Xhose person


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This lie that Europeans are the only peoples with blue, green eyes, red, blonde hair and white skin needs to die. These traits are found throughout Asia and North Africa.

The first peoples in Asia to turn white were Central Asians. DNA taken from the Middle Eastern Neolithic Farmers shows they had light skin dark hair and eyes. White skin developed separately in Northern Europe.

By 5000 years the Middle Eastern Farmers had over run Europe

5000 year old Briton recreated:

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5000 year old Italian recreated:

http://donsmaps.com/images29/otzireconst.jpg

Origins of  - Modern Europeans:

[ 20. August 2018, 08:30 PM: Message edited by: Elmaestro ]

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This is the Oase Man who originally was created by Richard Neave as a black African.

Since then, DNA has been taken from the 37 000 year old Oase individual which shows he was an ASIAN in origin. He also had about 9 = 11% Neanderthal DNA:

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Luzia woman found in Brazilian and who Afrocentric idiots love to claim was a black African HAS BEEN DEBUNKED. She was closely related to the Aimore people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzia_Woman

Aimore people the descendants of Luzia woman

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Haplogroup R1A originated in Eurasia. There is no definite proof where it originated, BUT IT LIKELY ORIGINATED IN IRAN or Central Asia:

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quote:
Originally posted by Dinkum:
Xhosa carry E1B1A. Guess what??? Europeans DO NOT.

Haplogroup E1B1A is 25 000 years old and is said to have originated in Ethiopia, although there are some scientists claiming Haplogroup E originated in Eurasia and was brought back into Africa. After all DE, the ancestor of E is EURASIAN IN ORIGIN.

This is LABRANA MAN who is like related to Cheddar Man

HAPLOGROUPS OF LABRANA MAN:

Haplogroup C6 (SOUTH ASIAN IN ORIGIN)

MTDNA U5b2c1 (WEST ASIAN IN ORIGIN)

Yip Im sure LaBrana Man and Cheddar Man resemble a Xhose person


 -

[Roll Eyes]

quote:
The genotypic combination leading to a predicted phenotype of dark skin and non-brown eyes is unique and no longer present in contemporary European populations.


Figure 2 | Ancestral variants around the SLC45A2 (rs16891982, above) and SLC24A5 (rs1426654, below) pigmentation genes in the Mesolithic genome. The SNPs around the two diagnostic variants (red arrows) in these two genes were analysed. The resulting haplotype comprises neighbouring SNPs that are also absent in modern Europeans (CEU) (n5112)1 but present in Yorubans (YRI) (n5113). This pattern confirms that the La Bran ̃a 1 sample is older than the positive-selection event in these regions. Blue, ancestral; red, derived.



— Lalueza-Fox


In layman terms:


quote:
Lalueza-Fox states: "However, the biggest surprise was to discover that this individual possessed African versions in the genes that determine the light pigmentation of the current Europeans, which indicates that he had dark skin, although we can not know the exact shade."
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140126134643.htm


This part is remarkable,


quote:


Although the lineage containing this haplotype must have originated in Africa, C3 is rare in Africa (1.0% in MKK) but widely distributed in East Asia, the New World, and Oceania.

[...]

Frequencies display strong population differentiation, with the derived light skin pigmentation allele (A111T) fixed or nearly so in all European populations and the ancestral allele predominant in sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia (Lamason et al. 2005; Norton et al. 2007).

[...]

Phased haplotypes were retrieved from HapMap, Release 21. For phylogenetic analysis, graphs were drawn by the use of a simple nearest-neighbor approach and rooted by the use of ancestral alleles determined by comparison with other primate sequences.

[...]

"Of the remaining 10 common core haplotype groups, all ancestral at rs1426654, eight clearly have their origins in Africa (Figure 3B, Figure 4, and Table S4). Three early diverging haplotypes, C1, C2, and C4, are rare outside of Africa and clearly originated there."

"In the lineage containing the majority of haplotypes, each of the three branches, containing C5, C6-C7, and C8-C11, give strong evidence of having originated in Africa. C5 reaches its greatest abundance in West Africa and is rare outside of Africa. Within the other two branches, C6 and C9, which are the most common haplotypes in Africa, are also common worldwide, whereas C7 is abundant in East Asia and much less common but widespread in Africa. "

[...]

Our dating for this haplotype is consistent with a non-African origin. The most likely location for the origin of C11 is, therefore, within the region in which it is fixed or nearly so. As both models for the origin of C11 imply that C3 and C10 were present in ancestors of Europeans, the observed and inferred distributions of these autosomal haplotypes are consistent with the single-out-of- Africa hypothesis derived using uniparental markers (Oppenheimer 2003; Macaulay et al. 2005).



--Victor A. Canfield et al.
Molecular Phylogeography of a Human Autosomal Skin Color Locus Under Natural Selection 2013


This one is bonkers,


quote:
Introduction

After the dispersal of modern humans Out of Africa, around 50–70 ky cal BP1,2,3,4 or earlier based on fossil evidence5, hominins with similar morphology to present-day humans appeared in the Western Eurasian fossil record around 45–40 ky cal BP, initiating the demographic transition from ancient human occupation [Neandertals] to modern human [Homo sapiens] expansion on to the continent1"

[...]

The haplogroup of PM1 falls within the U clade [Fig. 1B and Supplementary Table 3], which derived from the macro-haplogroup N possibly connected to the Out of Africa migration around 60–70 ky cal BP1,2,3,4. In line with this, the Peştera cu Oase individual that lived on the current territory of Romania, albeit slightly earlier than PM1 [37–42 ky cal BP] also displays haplogroup N9.


—Hervella et al. 2016


quote:
A non-random distribution of haplogroups U5 in the Fula group, the U6 among the “Brame” linguistic family and M1 in the Balanta-Djola group, suggests a correlation between the genetic and linguistic affiliation of Guinean populations. The presence of M1 in Balanta populations supports the earlier suggestion of their Sudanese origin. Haplogroups U5 and U6, on the other hand, were found to be restricted to populations that are thought to represent the descendants of a southern expansion of Berbers. Particular haplotypes, found almost exclusively in East-African populations, were found in some ethnic groups with an oral tradition claiming Sudanese origin.
—Alexandra Rosa et al.

MtDNA Profile of West Africa Guineans: Towards a Better Understanding of the Senegambia Region

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quote:
Originally posted by Dinkum:
Haplogroup R1A originated in Eurasia. There is no definite proof where it originated, BUT IT LIKELY ORIGINATED IN IRAN or Central Asia:

 -

Sure,


quote:
‘‘Out of Africa’’ haplogroups. All Y-clades that are not exclusively African belong to the macro-haplogroup CT, which is defined by mutations M168, M294 and P9.1 [14,31] and is subdivided into two major clades, DE and CF [1,14]. In a recent study [16], sequencing of two chromosomes belonging to haplogroups C and R, led to the identification of 25 new mutations, eleven of which were in the C-chromosome and seven in the R-chromosome. Here, the seven mutations which were found to be shared by chromosomes of haplogroups C and R [16], were also found to be present in one DE sample (sample 33 in Table S1), and positioned at the root of macro-haplogroup CT (Figure 1 and Figure S1).

[...]

Three of the seven R-specific mutations (V45, V69 and V88) were previously mapped within haplogroup R [34], whereas the remaining four mutations have been here positioned at the root of haplogroups F (V186 and V205), K (V104) and P (V231) (Figure S1) through the analysis of 12 haplogroup F samples (samples 40–51, in Table S1).

[...]

Figure S1 Structure of the macro-haplogroup CT. For details on mutations see legend to Figure 1. Dashed lines indicate putative branchings (no positive control available). The position of V248 (haplogroup C2) and V87 (haplogroup C3) compared to mutations that define internal branches was not determined. Note that mutations V45, V69 and V88 have been previously mapped (Cruciani et al. 2010; Eur J Hum Genet 18:800–807).

(TIF)
Haplogroup affiliation for 51 Y chromosomes
Table S1 analyzed in this study. (XLS)


--Fulvio Cruciani et al.

Molecular Dissection of the Basal Clades in the Human Y Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree


quote:
The population of AMH spreading in the eastern direction included “softened” Mongoloid elements. The “dialectal continuum” consisting of Proto-Uralic, Proto-Altaic and Palaeo-Siberian- related languages formed the principal communication media of Early Modern Humans in northern Eurasia.
--Pavel M. DOLUKHANOV

Japan Review, 2003, 15:175-186
Archaeology and Languages in Prehistoric Northern Eurasia


quote:
"haplogroup CF and DE molecular ancestors first evolved inside Africa and subsequently contributed as Y chromosome founders to pioneering migrations that successfully colonized Asia. While not proof, the DE and CF bifurcation (Figure 8d ) is consistent with independent colonization impulses possibly occurring in a short time interval."
--Peter A. Underhill , Toomas Kivisild - 2007

Use of Y Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Population Structure in Tracing Human Migrations


The Mal'ta boy didn't fell from the sky, onto Siberia near Lake Baikal?
quote:

deepest branching separates A1b from a monophyletic clade whose members (A1a, A2, A3, B, C, and R) all share seven mutually reinforcing derived mutations (five transitions and two transversions, all at non-CpG sites).

[…]


The phylogenetic relationships we observed among chromosomes belonging to haplogroups B, C, and R are reminiscent of those reported in the tree by Karafet et al.13 These chromosomes belong to a clade (haplogroup BT) in which chromosomes C and R share a common ancestor (Figure 2).

--Fulvio Cruciani

A Revised Root for the Human Y Chromosomal Phylogenetic Tree: The Origin of Patrilineal Diversity in Africa


quote:
When counting from the split of hg DE on the unrooted phylogenetic tree, MA-1 is determined to be carrying the derived allele in 183 sites and the ancestral allele in 1706 sites. The position of MA-1 on the phylogenetic tree is established by the state of the 313 basal mutations separating hgs DE and R, where MA-1 has 143 informative positions. Of these, 138 are in the derived and 5 in the ancestral state, placing MA-1 as a lineage basal to hg R.

With only a few exceptions characterized below, all other informative positions in MA-1 are in the ancestral state, further supporting the phylogenetic positioning of MA-1 on the tree.

[…]


Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans


Nature 505, 87–91 (02 January 2014) doi:10.1038/nature12736

Received 14 July 2013 Accepted 04 October 2013 Published online 20 November 2013


I'm not saying this next one is the ultimate evidence, but it does show
a migration pattern correlating with the tested time schedule.


quote:
The lack of Late Pleistocene human fossils from sub-Saharan Africa has limited paleontological testing of competing models of recent human evolution. We have dated a skull from Hofmeyr, South Africa, to 36.2 ± 3.3 thousand years ago through a combination of optically stimulated luminescence and uranium-series dating methods. The skull is morphologically modern overall but displays some archaic features. Its strongest morphometric affinities are with Upper Paleolithic (UP) Eurasians rather than recent, geographically proximate people. The Hofmeyr cranium is consistent with the hypothesis that UP Eurasians descended from a population that emigrated from sub-Saharan Africa in the Late Pleistocene.
--F. E. Grine et al.

Late Pleistocene Human Skull from Hofmeyr, South Africa, and Modern Human Origins

Science 12 Jan 2007:
Vol. 315, Issue 5809, pp. 226-229
DOI: 10.1126/science.1136294

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quote:
Originally posted by Dinkum:
Haplogroup R1A originated in Eurasia. There is no definite proof where it originated, BUT IT LIKELY ORIGINATED IN IRAN or Central Asia:

 -

.


quote:
An ancient human back migration from Asia to Africa had already been proposed by Altheide and Hammer (1997) and Hammer et al. (1998, 2001), on the basis of nested cladistic analysis of Y-chromosome data. They suggested that the presence of YAP+ chromosomes in Africa was due to such an event, but this has recently been questioned by Underhill et al. (2001b) and Underhill and Roseman (2001), primarily on the basis of the Asian-specific YAP+ subclade that neutralizes the previous phylogenetic inferences. Thus, the only evidence of a migration from Asia to sub-Saharan Africa that is fully supported by Y-chromosome data relies, at least for the moment, on the finding of haplogroup IX chromosomes in Cameroon.

Group IX Chromosomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Asian Origin?

How can the presence of Group IX chromosomes at considerable frequency in Cameroon be explained? A priori, we can envision three possibilities. First, group IX chromosomes in Cameroon are due to rather recent male gene flow from Europe or the Near East. Second, the entire M9 superclade (haplogroups VII–X) has an African origin. Third, group IX chromosomes in Cameroon represent a footprint of a male back migration from Asia to Africa. The first scenario seems to be very unlikely, because only derived haplotypes, carrying the M269 or M17/SRY10831 mutations, have been detected in western Eurasia. The second hypothesis, an African origin of the M9 superclade that includes haplotype 117, would imply a subsequent impressive extinction of derivative lineages in sub-Saharan Africa, since no other haplotypes carrying the M9 mutation (haplogroups VII–X) have been observed in this region (the only exception being represented by a few haplotype 109 chromosomes found in the Fulbe from Cameroon). The last scenario, that of a back migration from Asia to Africa, currently appears to be by far the most plausible. This is because most of the M9 haplotypes (the majority of group VII and VIII lineages, as well as some group IX and X lineages reported by Underhill et al. [2000]) have been observed only in Asia. Moreover, this possibility appears to be further supported by the recent finding of the UTY2+/M173− intermediate haplotype (Karafet et al. 2001) in central and northeastern Asia (the UTY2 marker in the study by Karafet et al. [2001] corresponds to M207 in the present study).


—Fulvio Crucian et al.
A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes


However in the 2011 paper they found chromosomes to be matching, which lacked presence in prior studies, thus the phylogenetic needed a reevaluation. And the painful conclusions can be read, in more recent papers published by Fulvio Crucian et al.


quote:
In conclusion, we present here a Y chromosome phylogenetic tree deeply revised in its root and earliest branches. Our data do not uphold previous models of Y chromosomal emergence 15, 16 and demand a reevaluation of some fundamental ideas concerning the early history of the human genetic diversity we find today. 38–40 Our phylogeny shows a root in central-northwest Africa. Although this point requires further attention, we think that it offers a new prospect from which to view the initial development of our species in Africa.
—Fulvio Cruciani et al.
A Revised Root for the Human Y Chromosomal Phylogenetic Tree: The Origin of Patrilineal Diversity in Africa


 -

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quote:
Originally posted by Dinkum:
Luzia woman found in Brazilian and who Afrocentric idiots love to claim was a black African HAS BEEN DEBUNKED. She was closely related to the Aimore people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzia_Woman

Aimore people the descendants of Luzia woman

 -

I’m not making any claims. I’m just putting it out there.

quote:
Comparative morphological studies of the earliest human skeletons of the New World have shown that, whereas late prehistoric, recent, and present Native Americans tend to exhibit a cranial morphology similar to late and modern Northern Asians (short and wide neurocrania; high, orthognatic and broad faces; and relatively high and narrow orbits and noses), the earliest South Americans tend to be more similar to present Australians, Melanesians, and Sub-Saharan Africans (narrow and long neurocrania; prognatic, low faces; and relatively low and broad orbits and noses). However, most of the previous studies of early American human remains were based on small cranial samples. Herein we compare the largest sample of early American skulls ever studied (81 skulls of the Lagoa Santa region) with worldwide data sets representing global morphological variation in humans, through three different multivariate analyses. The results obtained from all multivariate analyses confirm a close morphological affinity between South-American Paleoindians and extant Australo-Melanesians groups, supporting the hypothesis that two distinct biological populations could have colonized the New World in the Pleistocene/Holocene transition.

—Neves WA1, Hubbe M.
roc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Dec 20;102(51):18309-14. Epub 2005 Dec 12.
Cranial morphology of early Americans from Lagoa Santa, Brazil: implications for the settlement of the New World.
.

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Tell, do you think that recreated man was tropical adapted in body portions and limb ratios?


quote:
Originally posted by Dinkum:
5000 year old Italian recreated:

http://donsmaps.com/images29/otzireconst.jpg

Origins of  - Modern Europeans:

Agreed,

quote:
Using a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel, we observed population structure in a diverse group of Europeans and European Americans. Under a variety of conditions and tests, there is a consistent and reproducible distinction between “northern” and “southern” European population groups: most individual participants with southern European ancestry (Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Greek) have >85% membership in the “southern” population; and most northern, western, eastern, and central Europeans have >90% in the “northern” population group.
http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.0020143

[ 20. August 2018, 08:30 PM: Message edited by: Elmaestro ]

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quote:
Originally posted by mena7:
I was about to create a thread with the Black Cheddar man Great Britain but tropical redacted beat me to it. I think this is a rare honest representation of a prehistoric Briton and European showing him to be a Black person. I think only a minority of Prehistoric Black European had black skin with straight hair and blue eyes, the majority of Black Prehistoric Black Europeans had Black skin with woolly hair and dark eyes.

I think the majority of Europeans were Brown and black people who originally migrated to Europe from Africa and West Asia until 500 to 800 CE when the Central Asian or Russian White barbarian (foreigner in Ancient Greek) migrated and invaded Eastern and Western Europe by the millions. Thats why in Medieval and Renaissance (Even Colonial) European history there was the strange case of Black and Brown royal family and Nobility (nicknamed monkey) representing the 1% ruling over a majority (70%) White population.

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-5358699/First-Brit-dark-skinned-blue-eyed.html

Face of the first Briton is revealed: DNA analysis shows 10,000-year-old man had 'dark to black' skin with BLUE eyes and curly hair - and is related to one in 10 of today's Brits
The bones are the oldest near-complete human skeleton ever found in Britain and were unearthed in 1903
Researchers extracted DNA data from bone powder by drilling a 2mm hole through the skull's inner ear bone
It showed that there was a 76 per cent chance that Cheddar Man was ‘dark to black’ by today's standards
Research suggests the first inhabitants of the British isles developed white skin later on than thought


 -
The first ancient Britons had black skin, dark curly hair and blue eyes, DNA tests show. The findings were made by genetic tests carried out for the first time on the bones of ‘Cheddar Man’ who died 10,000 years ago. The bones are the oldest near-complete human skeleton ever found in Britain

 -
Scientists said yesterday they were surprised to discover that the earliest Briton would be considered ‘black’ if he lived today. The research suggests the first inhabitants of the British isles developed white skin later on than previously thought

 -
Britain at the time of Cheddar Man, around 10,000 years ago, was very different from today. An Ice Age had just finished and the land had become green again. Perhaps in pursuit of game, hunter gathering tribes swept in from what is now continental Europe across a land bridge across the North Sea – known as Doggerland

 -
For more than 100 years, scientists have tried to reveal Cheddar Man’s story, posing theories as to what he looked like, where he came from and what he can tell us about our earliest ancestors. This image shows researchers responsible for the creation of the new bust

Just saw this picture of Miles Davis and it was reminiscent of Cheddar man.

 -

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quote:
Originally posted by tropicals redacted:

Interesting, but not that surprising.
Seems to have cleaned up on this site, but would have been entertaining to get the reactions of the racists!

www.theguardian.com/science/2018/feb/07/first-modern-britons-dark-black-skin-cheddar-man-dna-analysis-reveals?CMP=share_btn_link

Newsflash: ALL humans originally had black skin as the species originated in Africa.

From all the sources I've read, Cheddar Man had alleles for dark skin but the question is exactly how dark?? Was he as dark as say modern day some Middle Easterners or north Indians who would be classified as "brown" or did he have a chocolate brown complexion of a Nigerian??

I think this rush to paint him as 'black' is part of the revival of the Eurafrican or Hamitic hypothesis that is black skinned Caucasians, in an effort to claim Egypt and North Africa at large.

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Mahirap gisingin ang nagtutulog-tulugan.

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BrandonP
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quote:
Originally posted by Djehuti:

I think this rush to paint him as 'black' is part of the revival of the Eurafrican or Hamitic hypothesis that is black skinned Caucasians, in an effort to claim Egypt and North Africa at large.

I dunno, if it hypothetically turned out to be the case that Eurasian admixture in (early) AE and other ancient North Africans was coming from populations that resembled the Cheddar Man reconstruction, I doubt the Euros would be totally happy. He'd still be darker and less K-zoid looking than the tan or pale look they desire for ancient northern Africans.

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DD'eDeN
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quote:
Originally posted by Dinkum:
Luzia woman found in Brazilian and who Afrocentric idiots love to claim was a black African HAS BEEN DEBUNKED. She was closely related to the Aimore people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzia_Woman

Aimore people the descendants of Luzia woman

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The woman reminds me of the Andamanese. Do the Aimore have that "pseudo-Andamanese" gene sequence like some other Brazilians eg. Surui?

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DD'eDeN
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https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2018/08/mexican-anthropologists-put-face-on.html#Qgtsywg4Eurjqrxi.97

Eve of Naharon

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xyambuatlaya

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DD'eDeN
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quote:
Originally posted by DD'eDeN:
quote:
Originally posted by Dinkum:
Luzia woman found in Brazilian and who Afrocentric idiots love to claim was a black African HAS BEEN DEBUNKED. She was closely related to the Aimore people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzia_Woman

Aimore people the descendants of Luzia woman

 -

---

The woman reminds me of the Andamanese. Do the Aimore have that "pseudo-Andamanese" gene sequence like some other Brazilians eg. Surui?

Per Wikipedia, Aimore don't have the Andaman-like gene sequence.

A 2015 genetic study reached a surprising conclusion about the origins of the Surui people. Unlike other Native American peoples, the Surui, Karitiana, and Xavante have an ancestry partially related to indigenous populations of the Andaman Islands, New Guinea, and Australia. Scientists speculate that the relationship derives from an earlier people, called "Population Y", in East Asia from whence both groups diverged 15,000 to 30,000 years ago, the future Australasians migrating south and the remote ancestors of the Surui northward, finding their way to the New World and to the interior Amazon Basin.[3][4]

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xyambuatlaya

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Djehuti
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My question still goes unanswered. Exactly how dark was Cheddar Man? Was he as 'black' as they make him out to be??
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BrandonP
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quote:
Originally posted by Djehuti:
My question still goes unanswered. Exactly how dark was Cheddar Man? Was he as 'black' as they make him out to be??

We would probably need a more complete genome before we can pinpoint his exact complexion. But this was from the original paper (see this thread):

quote:
We predicted pigmentation characteristics for Cheddar Man and
Sven using Hirisplex and a recently-developed method for predicting skin pigmentation26.
Previously, predictions on the level of skin pigmentation were mostly derived using two
SNPs in SLC45A2 and SLC24A5 that indicate lack of hypo-pigmentation when in the
ancestral state. However, here we integrate 36 rather than 2 SNPs allowing more precise
prediction. Cheddar Man is predicted to have had dark or dark to black skin, blue/green
eyes and dark brown possibly black hair,
whereas Sven most likely had intermediate to dark
skin pigmentation, brown eyes and black possibly dark brown hair (see Pigmentation section
in the Supplementary Materials for a detailed discussion of the results). This is in line with
the current hypothesis that alleles commonly associated with lighter skin were introduced in
Western Europe by ANFs.



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the lioness,
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some people have a political interest in Cheddar man not being very dark

and different people who don't want Cheddar man to be dark may have entirely different
motives as to why they don't want him to be dark

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