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"At least 90% of the ancestry of Britons was replaced by a wave of migrants, who arrived about 4,500 years ago, say researchers"
"Geneticist Ian Barnes, from the Natural History Museum in London, said: “At least 90% of the ancestry of Britons was replaced by a group from the continent. Following the Beaker spread, there was a population in Britain that for the first time had ancestry and skin and eye pigmentation similar to the majority of Britons today.”"
"In Britain the puzzle remains of what happened to the pre-Beaker population: people who had no metal tools but were capable of stupendous communal projects such as the construction of Stonehenge and the giant artificial hill of Silbury."
"Around 90 per cent of Britain’s population was replaced 4,400 years ago by an influx of Beaker Practitioners, shortly after Stonehenge was constructed. This genetic shift brought in genes for pale skin and lighter eyes.
“The Neolithic people who built Stonehenge – and who had a greater genetic similarity with Neolithic Iberians than with those from Central Europe – almost disappear and are replaced by the populations from the Beaker Culture from the Netherlands and Germany,” said Dr Carles Lalueza-Fox, a palaeogenomics expert at Barcelona’s Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, who co-authored one of the studies."
"Professor Barry Cunliffe, an archaeologist at the University of Oxford and co-author of one of the studies, said ancient DNA analysis was poised to revolutionise the field of archaeology, and described their results as “mind-blowing”.
“They are going to upset people, but that is part of the excitement of it,” he said."
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Does this explain why the Chalcolithic Iberians don't plot with Lower Egyptian mummies at all? Modern Europeans are pretty far too. Now that I think about it Neolithic Europeans plot closer but...
The Beaker Phenomenon And The Genomic Transformation Of Northwest Europe Carles Lalueza-Fox, David Reich
May 9, 2017.
Abstract
Bell Beaker pottery spread across western and central Europe beginning around 2750 BCE before disappearing between 2200-1800 BCE. The mechanism of its expansion is a topic of long-standing debate, with support for both cultural diffusion and human migration. We present new genome-wide ancient DNA data from 170 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 100 Beaker-associated individuals. In contrast to the Corded Ware Complex, which has previously been identified as arriving in central Europe following migration from the east, we observe limited genetic affinity between Iberian and central European Beaker Complex-associated individuals, and thus exclude migration as a significant mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, human migration did have an important role in the further dissemination of the Beaker Complex, which we document most clearly in Britain using data from 80 newly reported individuals dating to 3900-1200 BCE. British Neolithic farmers were genetically similar to contemporary populations in continental Europe and in particular to Neolithic Iberians, suggesting that a portion of the farmer ancestry in Britain came from the Mediterranean rather than the Danubian route of farming expansion. Beginning with the Beaker period, and continuing through the Bronze Age, all British individuals harboured high proportions of Steppe ancestry and were genetically closely related to Beaker-associated individuals from the Lower Rhine area. We use these observations to show that the spread of the Beaker Complex to Britain was mediated by migration from the continent that replaced >90% of Britain's Neolithic gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the process that brought Steppe ancestry into central and northern Europe 400 years earlier.
Our results clearly prove that the expansion of the Beaker Complex cannot be described by a 291 simple one-to-one mapping of an archaeologically defined material culture to a genetically 292 homogeneous population. This stands in contrast to other archaeological complexes analysed to 293 date, notably the Linearbandkeramik first farmers of central Europe2, the Yamnaya of the 294 Pontic-Caspian Steppe2,3, and to some extent the Corded Ware Complex of central and eastern 295 Europe2,3. Instead, or results support a model in which both cultural transmission and human 296 migration played important roles, with the relative balance of these two processes depending on 297 the region. In Iberia, the majority of Beaker Complex-associated individuals lacked Steppe 298 affinities and were genetically most similar to preceding Iberian populations. In central Europe, 299 Steppe ancestry was widespread and we can exclude a substantial contribution from Iberian 300 Beaker Complex-associated individuals, contradicting initial suggestions of gene flow between 301 these groups based on analysis of mtDNA47 and dental morphology48. Small-scale contacts 302 remain plausible, however, as we observe small proportions of Steppe ancestry in two 303 individuals from northern Spain.
We determined Y-chromosome haplogroups for the 54 male Beaker-associated individuals 159 (Supplementary Table 3). Individuals from the Iberian Peninsula carried Y haplogroups known 160 to be common across Europe during the earlier Neolithic period2,4,20,26,32,39, such as I2a (n=3) and 161 G2 (n=1) (Supplementary Table 3). In contrast, Beaker-associated individuals outside Iberia 162 (n=44) largely carried R1b lineages (84%), associated with the arrival of Steppe migrants in 163 central Europe during the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age2,3. For individuals in whom we 164 could determine the R1b subtype (n=22), we found that all but one had the derived allele for the 165 R1b-S116/P312 polymorphism, which defines the dominant subtype in western Europe today40. 166 Finding this early predominance of the R1b-S116/P312 polymorphism in ancient individuals 167 from central and northwestern Europe suggests that people associated with the Beaker Complex 168 may have had an important role in the dissemination of this lineage throughout most of its 169 present-day distribution.
quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: These papers are over a year old. The Beaker folk came from Africa. It is further support that R1 came from Africa. See Paper here.
In 2012, a paper by Siiri Rootsi et al. suggested that: "We estimate that the geographic origin of haplogroup G plausibly locates somewhere nearby eastern Anatolia, Armenia or western Iran."[4]
Previously the National Geographic Society placed its origins in the Middle East 30,000 years ago and presumes that people carrying the haplogroup took part in the spread of the Neolithic.[5]
Two scholarly papers have also suggested an origin in the Middle East, while differing on the date. Semino et al. (2000) suggested 17,000 years ago.[6] Cinnioglu et al. (2004) suggested the mutation took place only 9,500 years ago.
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many Neolithic Europeans were of haplogroup G originating " plausibly locates somewhere nearby eastern Anatolia, Armenia or western Iran." (Also some Hap I and other groups, see above chart)
The Bell Beakers (of which modern Europeans are much more related to ) who replaced the Neolithics were primarily R1b
Posts: 42918 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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Yeeaaah back on topic. Most of these Neolithic Europeans were not "R." Though if HE is who "back migrated" to Africa, I can imagine the Africans didn't change extremely visually. Why do I even talk about this? Because they talk about how "olive" they suppose the Neolithic Europeans are in light of how genetically unrelated they have proven to be to modern Europeans. So, in order to "claim" stonehenge, they focus on the idea of visual similarities to modern Europeans and attach to them to a broader "race history." However this type of attitude is not allowed if anyone talks about how similar southern Egyptians in the predynastic/early dynastic looked like other Africans. Then they come armed with their isolated, low populations of oasis dwellers that interacted with Libyans and Bedouin or northern Egyptian genetic data form later eras.
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Nope, it DID NOT. It originated in Africa and drifted from there into the near East etc…
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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Nope, it DID NOT. It originated in Africa and drifted from there into the near East etc…
show us any article that argues R1 originates in Africa
I already did, a few times as a matter of fact. They don’t have to say it with so many words. Leaving out data also leads to a certain directions. You are no great at analyzing and dissecting, so it’s understandable you don’t get it, all you do is copy and paste, except for those parts that don’t it your Eurocentrick narrative.
Once you understand Booleans it becomes clear and bright like the sun.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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