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Author Topic: Kennewick Man... Were Caucasians first to colonize the Americas?
Chosen1
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJ1no9_cnZI&feature=player_embedded#at=197

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0N5xu9C5Vyo&feature=related

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Mike111
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Afrocentric Liars Exposed - Thank you very much for posting this video. It is an abject lesson in how Albinos use their media, to first disseminate false information, and then once the truth is reluctantly revealed, to keep the lie alive.

BTW - The racist White-Boys playground - Wiki: has similar bullsh1t.




ABC News

Y A K I M A, Wash., Oct. 15


Kennewick Man, one of the oldest and most
complete human skeletons ever found in North
America, may have had Asian or Polynesian roots,
but a scientist says there are still a lot of questions to be
answered.

“It’s similar to what we’re seeing with other ancient
skeletons in both North and South America — there’s
some difference between them and any modern
people anywhere in the world,” said Joseph Powell, a
professor of anthropology at the University of New
Mexico. In a newly released report for the U.S.
Department of the Interior,

Powell and scientist
Jerome Rose, part of a federal team appointed to
examine the bones, wrote that Kennewick Man
“appears to have the strongest … affinities with
populations from Polynesia and southern Asia, and
not with American Indians or Europeans in the reference samples.”

South Asia: Thailand - Mani

 -


Polynesia: Solomon Islands.

 -


http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=98493&page=1



Oldest Skeleton in Americas Found in Underwater Cave?
Eliza Barclay
for National Geographic News
September 3, 2008

Deep inside an underwater cave in Mexico, archaeologists may have discovered the oldest human skeleton ever found in the Americas.
Dubbed Eva de Naharon, or Eve of Naharon, the female skeleton has been dated at 13,600 years old. If that age is accurate, the skeleton—along with three others found in underwater caves along the Caribbean coast of the Yucatán Peninsula—could provide new clues to how the Americas were first populated.

The remains have been excavated over the past four years near the town of Tulum, about 80 miles southwest of Cancún, by a team of scientists led by Arturo González, director of the Desert Museum in Saltillo, Mexico."We don't now how [the people whose remains were found in the caves] arrived and whether they came from the Atlantic, the jungle, or inside the continent," González said, "But we believe these finds are the oldest yet to be found in the Americas and may influence our theories of how the first people arrived."

In addition to possibly altering the time line of human settlement in the Americas, the remains may cause experts to rethink where the first Americans came from, González added. Clues from the skeletons' skulls hint that the people may not be of northern Asian descent (Chinese), which would contradict the dominant theory of New World settlement. That theory holds that ancient humans first came to North America from northern Asia via a now submerged land bridge across the Bering Sea.


"The shape of the skulls has led us to believe that Eva and the others have more of an affinity with people from South Asia (see Thailand - Mani, Andaman Islands, Malay peninsula - Semang people), González explained. The three other skeletons excavated in the caves have been given a date range of 11,000 to 14,000 years ago, based on radiocarbon dating. The remains were found some 50 feet (15 meters) below sea level in the caves off Tulum. But at the time "Eve of Naharon" is believed to have lived there, sea levels were 200 feet (60 meters) lower, and the Yucatán Peninsula was a wide, dry prairie.

If González's finds do stand up to scientific scrutiny, they will raise many interesting new questions about how the Americas were first peopled.
Many researchers once believed humans entered the New World from Asia as a single group crossing over the Bering Land Bridge no earlier than 13,500 years ago. But that theory is lately being debunked. Remains found in Monte Verde, Chile, in 1997, for example, point to the presence of people in the Americas at least 12,500 years ago, long before migration would have been possible through the ice-covered Arctic reaches of North America.


http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/09/080903-oldest-skeletons.html


BTW - If you have any real interest in the truth, check this link out.

Info on the first settlers of the Americas.

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Ish Geber
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quote:
Originally posted by Afrocentric Liars Exposed:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJ1no9_cnZI&feature=player_embedded#at=197

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0N5xu9C5Vyo&feature=related

Citation: Tamm E, Kivisild T, Reidla M, Metspalu M, Smith DG, et al.(2007)


Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders.


PLoS ONE 2(9): e829. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.00008 29

"A2, B2."

Genetic studies demonstrate that Native Americans inherited their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from a handful of founders who arrived from Asia via Beringia [1],[2]. No more than four major pan American and three minor North American founding mtDNA haplotypes (A2, B2, C1, D1 and X2a, D2, D3, respectively) have been convincingly established in previous studies of control region sequence, RFLP markers and 30 complete mtDNA genomes (Table 1)[1]–[14].

http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000829


Citation: Achilli A, Perego UA, Bravi CM, Coble MD, Kong Q-P, et al.(2008)

The Phylogeny of the Four Pan-American MtDNA Haplogroups: Implications for Evolutionary and Disease Studies.

PLoS ONE 3(3): e1764. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.00017 64


These were initially named A, B, C and D, and are now termed A2, B2, C1 and D1 [8].


In this study, a comprehensive overview of all available complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes of the four pan-American haplogroups A2, B2, C1, and D1 is provided by revising the information scattered throughout GenBank and the literature, and adding 14 novel mtDNA sequences. The phylogenies of haplogroups A2, B2, C1, and D1 reveal a large number of sub-haplogroups but suggest that the ancestral Beringian population(s) contributed only six (successful) founder haplotypes to these haplogroups.


This conclusion would not change if one adopted the effectively faster rate of Kivisild et al.[26] based only on synonymous substitutions, which would generally shrink ages by a factor of ~3/4, as judged from a comparison with both the ages of the Native American haplogroups [14] and those of super-haplogroups L, L3, M, and N [43]. Therefore the main difference between both rates seems to concern only the absolute calibration as manifested in the estimated global coalescence times for super-haplogroup L.


http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0001764


Citation: Fagundes NJR, Kanitz R, Bonatto SL (2008)

A Reevaluation of the Native American MtDNA Genome Diversity and Its Bearing on the Models of Early Colonization of Beringia.

PLoS ONE 3(9): e3157. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.00031 57


http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003157


Am J Hum Genet. 2002 July; 71(1): 187–192.
Published online 2002 May 17.
PMCID: PMC384978

Mitochondrial Genome Diversity of Native Americans Supports a Single Early Entry of Founder Populations into America

Haplogroups A, B, and C form monophyletic clades, but the five haplogroup D sequences have unstable positions and usually do not group together.

The mtDNA of most Native Americans belongs to four main lineages (A, B, C, and D)(Schurr et al. 1990; Horai et al.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC384978/

Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series
Volume 1, Issue 1, August 2008, Pages 269-270
Progress in Forensic Genetics 12 - Proceedings of the 22nd International ISFG Congress

Mitochondrial DNA in Huaorani (Ecuadorian amerindians): A new variant in haplogroup A2


Science direct


Y-DNA haplogroup A represents the oldest branching of the human Y chromosome tree, thought to have begun about 60,000 years ago. Like Y-DNA haplogroup B, the A lineage is seen only in Africa and is scattered widely, but thinly across the continent. These haplogroups have higher frequencies among hunter-gather groups in Ethiopia and Sudan, and are also seen among click language-speaking populations. Their patchy, widespread distribution may mean that these haplogroups are remnants of ancient lineages that once had a much wider range but have been largely displaced by more recent population events.


The most commonly seen sub-groups of haplogroup A are A2 (A-M6), A3b1 (A-M51), and A3b2 (A-M13). Sub-groups A2 and A3b1 are seen in South Africa, with A3b1 seen exclusively among the Khoisan. The range of A3b2 is restricted to Eastern Africa and at lower frequencies among Cameroonians. About 1.1% of African-Americans belong to the sub-group A3b2.

http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpA.html


Some geographic structuring is seen between the sub-groups B2a (B-M150) and B2b (B-M112). Sub-group B2b is seen among Central African Pygmies and South African Khoisan. Sub-group B2a is seen among Cameroonians, East Africans, and among South African Bantu speakers. B2a1a (B-M109) is the most commonly seen sub-group of B2a. About 2.3% of African-Americans belong to haplogroup B - with 1.5% of them belonging to the sub-group B2a1a.

http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpB.html

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Mike111
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Ish Gebor - Its good that you know how to look-up and find studies. But then you need to actually READ them, and then determine what their relevance is to the conversation.

In this case, you failed to detect that your posted studies deal ONLY with what is called "The American Indian" only fleeting comments were made about the actual founders of the Americas in your posted studies. All parties agree that the Indians came LATER! So what's your point?

Likewise, I fail to see what your posting on Central African Pygmies and South African Khoisan, have to do with the thread. No one is claiming that they were the founders of the Americans.

And even if the were, how would you know it? White people steadfastly refuse to release the genetic information on the ancient populations of the Americas.

The only reason they release information on the Indians is because it fits with their version history, which is recent, and has a starting point in Asia, just like them.

BTW - Ish Gebor, it is a common ruse by White scientist to confuse history, by using Mtdna studies. Mtdna is the FEMALE genetic, it CANNOT trace a people! It can ONLY say who a particular people MATED with!

In order to trace a people, the male Y-dna (which does not change) MUST be used.

With Y-dna, when you go back; there is ONLY the Black Man!



YOUR POSTED STUDY - please note the Materials and Methods


Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders

http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000829

Materials and Methods

The sample-set comprises 601 Native American individuals from 20 populations distributed throughout the Americas (23 Dogribs from Subarctic Canada; 20 Apaches, 20 Northern Paiutes, 11 Zunis from Southwest US; 77 Ngöbes, 34 Kunas from Panama; 39 Emberas, 57 Waunanas from Panama and Colombia; 47 Arsarios, 48 Koguis, 29 Ijkas, 42 Wayuus, 27 Coreguajes, 22 Vaupes from Colombia; 12 Secoyas-Sionas, 32 Cayapas from Ecuador; 9 Tucuman, 18 Salta, 25 Catamarca, 5 Mocovi from Argentina) and 3764 samples from 26 Asian populations (51 Eskimos; 155 Chukchi; 120 Selkups; 66 Kets; 70 Tundra Nenets; 275 Tuvas; 185 Khakas; 339 Altaians; 170 Shors; 71 Koryaks; 85 Nanais; 122 Uyghurs; 406 Kazakhs; 58 Gilyaks; 61 Oroks; 105 Kirghiz; 48 Uzbeks; 38 Tajiks; 201 Buriats; 324 Evenks; 105 Evens; 22 Yukaghirs; 423 Yakuts; 157 Dolgans; 107 Nganasans). A subset of these sequences were reported elsewhere.

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the lioness,
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Kennewick Man is likely related to the ancient Jomon, who also were the ancestors of the Ainu people of Japan. (Brace)
 -
Kennewick Man reconstruction


 -

 -

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Mike111
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Lioness - Why are you such a fool ALL the time?

If you have the study RE-read it.

While you are at it, do some research on the Ainu and Jomon - idiot!

Better yet - let me start you off.

Wiki:

In Japan, because of intermarriage over many years with Japanese, the concept of a 'pure Ainu' ethnic group is no longer feasible.

You are truly the most dishonest person that I have ever met online Lioness. Sad thing is, you're probably proud of that. Now take your Ainu pictures and slink under a rock.

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Djehuti
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^ I don't think Lyingass meant anything dishonest at all (this time). She is right about the Ainu though. Despite the claims of March Washington and Clyde Winters, the aboriginal Ainu of Japan were actually once considered "caucasian" due to certain features as well as lighter colored hair and even light colored eyes. However genetic studies confirm that they are actually closest related to so-called "mongoloid" Asians than they are to Europeans and that is NOT regarding recent admixture.

Which brings me to the point that this thread topic is ridiculous since it was DEBUNKED years ago when more accurate assessments of Kennewick Man came out. Superficially it resembles Europeans but closer inspection shows affinities with Ainu as well as some modern Native Americans.

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Mike111
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quote:
Originally posted by Djehuti:
^ I don't think Lyingass meant anything dishonest at all (this time). She is right about the Ainu though. Despite the claims of March Washington and Clyde Winters, the aboriginal Ainu of Japan were actually once considered "caucasian" due to certain features as well as lighter colored hair and even light colored eyes. However genetic studies confirm that they are actually closest related to so-called "mongoloid" Asians than they are to Europeans and that is NOT regarding recent admixture.

Which brings me to the point that this thread topic is ridiculous since it was DEBUNKED years ago when more accurate assessments of Kennewick Man came out. Superficially it resembles Europeans but closer inspection shows affinities with Ainu as well as some modern Native Americans.

Please substantiate ONE single thing that you said.
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Mike111
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Djehuti - Since you have taken to making nonsense posts like Lioness. I can only surmise that you will now try to run and hide once confronted like lioness does.

But I'm not going to let you. Here is the study, read it and then report back.

And don't even think about leaving out the part about the Ainu's relationships.


http://www.nps.gov/archeology/kennewick/powell_rose.htm

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Brada-Anansi
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The first three principal components from the principal components analysis of all 52 variables account for only 39.22% of the total size-corrected variation in the data. The PCA plot (Figure 3) places the Kennewick individual as an outlier compared to full Howells data (N = 22 populations). Using the principal component scores to generate inter-individual distances (Van Vark and Schaafsma 1991), the Kennewick individual is closest to south Pacific (Moriori, Easter Island) and the Ainu of Japan. The typicality probabilities for the PC reduced data, which are the least conservative estimates of group membership, all indicate that the Kennewick cranium is not morphologically similar to any modern human population (Table 7). No modern Native American group is included as a close neighbor in the least conservative approach, which strongly suggests that they bear no morphological resemblance to the Kennewick remains. Furthermore, while the inclusion of the Ainu as a nearest group could be interpreted as a possible "Caucasoid" morphology for the Kennewick remains if one considers modern Ainu to be "Caucasoids" (see Jantz and Owsley 1997); we view this as a reflection of the southern Asian/south Pacific morphology of the Kennewick skull given that most researchers tend to associate Ainu groups with earlier population originating in southern Asia (Brace and Hunt 1990; Turner 1985, 1990).

While the above results are interesting, they include a number of variables that tend to exhibit a high degree of intra- and inter-observer error (see Table 2). After removing variables that were univariately non-normal in the comparative data, or that exhibited low repeatability or high inter-observer error, the above analyses were repeated using the best variable set. This variable set contained 45 dimensions of the face and neurocranium, including several radii (Table 2), and was compared to over 2,000 males in the Howells (1989) data

The canonical variates analysis places Kennewick closer to southern Asians, and nearly equidistant to modern Native Americans and Polynesians (Figure 4). The discriminant analysis based on the 45 best variables is highest for South Japan (pposterior = 0.9007), followed by Moriori (pposterior = 0.0765), and Ainu (pposterior = 0.03115). Typicality probabilities were all zero for the Howells comparative samples, suggesting again that the Kennewick skeleton morphologically is unlike any modern human population. A plot of the principal component scores places Kennewick in a peripheral position relative to the bulk of Polynesians and southern Asians, as well as to the Ainu sample (Figure 5). The first three components account for 38.54% of the size-corrected craniometric variation in the Howells data set. Based on inter-individual Mahalanobis' distances, the most proximate group to Kennewick was Moriori, which produced one of the largest typicality probabilities observed (ptypicality = 0.1338). Other "neighbors" to Kennewick included northern and southern Moriori, Ainu, and the Arikara sample (Table 8).
http://www.nps.gov/archeology/kennewick/powell_rose.htm
From Mike's link^
But the above seems contradictory at times because of the varying opinions and the use of the term Caucasians is suspect at best.

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Mike111
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Brada-Anansi - The salient points are:


No modern Native American group is included as a close neighbor in the least conservative approach, which strongly suggests that they bear no morphological resemblance to the Kennewick remains. Furthermore, while the inclusion of the Ainu as a nearest group could be interpreted as a possible "Caucasoid" morphology for the Kennewick remains if one considers modern Ainu to be "Caucasoids" (see Jantz and Owsley 1997); we view this as a reflection of the southern Asian/south Pacific morphology of the Kennewick skull given that most researchers tend to associate Ainu groups with earlier population originating in southern Asia (Brace and Hunt 1990; Turner 1985, 1990).

The canonical variates analysis places Kennewick closer to southern Asians, and nearly equidistant to modern Native Americans and Polynesians.

See the southern Asians, that I posted above.

Djehuti - Would you like to debate that those people are indeed the original southern Asians?
Or will you concede that point?

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the lioness,
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quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:

The canonical variates analysis places Kennewick closer to southern Asians,

South Asians are widely diverse, doesn't pinpoint much at all:

Southern Asia comprises the countries of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Maldives, Afghanistan, Iran and Sri Lanka.

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Ish Geber
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quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
Ish Gebor - Its good that you know how to look-up and find studies. But then you need to actually READ them, and then determine what their relevance is to the conversation.

In this case, you failed to detect that your posted studies deal ONLY with what is called "The American Indian" only fleeting comments were made about the actual founders of the Americas in your posted studies. All parties agree that the Indians came LATER! So what's your point?

Likewise, I fail to see what your posting on Central African Pygmies and South African Khoisan, have to do with the thread. No one is claiming that they were the founders of the Americans.

And even if the were, how would you know it? White people steadfastly refuse to release the genetic information on the ancient populations of the Americas.

The only reason they release information on the Indians is because it fits with their version history, which is recent, and has a starting point in Asia, just like them.

BTW - Ish Gebor, it is a common ruse by White scientist to confuse history, by using Mtdna studies. Mtdna is the FEMALE genetic, it CANNOT trace a people! It can ONLY say who a particular people MATED with!

In order to trace a people, the male Y-dna (which does not change) MUST be used.

With Y-dna, when you go back; there is ONLY the Black Man!



YOUR POSTED STUDY - please note the Materials and Methods


Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders

http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000829

Materials and Methods

The sample-set comprises 601 Native American individuals from 20 populations distributed throughout the Americas (23 Dogribs from Subarctic Canada; 20 Apaches, 20 Northern Paiutes, 11 Zunis from Southwest US; 77 Ngöbes, 34 Kunas from Panama; 39 Emberas, 57 Waunanas from Panama and Colombia; 47 Arsarios, 48 Koguis, 29 Ijkas, 42 Wayuus, 27 Coreguajes, 22 Vaupes from Colombia; 12 Secoyas-Sionas, 32 Cayapas from Ecuador; 9 Tucuman, 18 Salta, 25 Catamarca, 5 Mocovi from Argentina) and 3764 samples from 26 Asian populations (51 Eskimos; 155 Chukchi; 120 Selkups; 66 Kets; 70 Tundra Nenets; 275 Tuvas; 185 Khakas; 339 Altaians; 170 Shors; 71 Koryaks; 85 Nanais; 122 Uyghurs; 406 Kazakhs; 58 Gilyaks; 61 Oroks; 105 Kirghiz; 48 Uzbeks; 38 Tajiks; 201 Buriats; 324 Evenks; 105 Evens; 22 Yukaghirs; 423 Yakuts; 157 Dolgans; 107 Nganasans). A subset of these sequences were reported elsewhere.

I understand your position. I posted these studies because they show which haplotypes are found within the present living people, of people as descendants who already lived in Americ before the colonial period. These haplotypes are also found in African and Asian groups.

Ps, I did look for studies on Y-DNA. But have not found any, up till now.

I started looking for these studies because some people claimed that Native Amercans are of haplo R*. And now they claim that caucasians were the first Americans etc...

Another reason why I looked up these studies, was because of the occurrence of the Olmec heads. African groups who carry these haplotypes happen to have a similar phenotype as the Olmec structures.

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Ish Geber
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quote:
Originally posted by the lioness:
Kennewick Man is likely related to the ancient Jomon, who also were the ancestors of the Ainu people of Japan. (Brace)
 -
Kennewick Man reconstruction


 -

 -

I had this some info somewhere on the Harddisk.


The Ainu people


Ainu chiefs played an important role in their society. Each Ainu village was administered by three hereditary chiefs. Interestingly, they were not allowed to judge criminals. This function was performed by other members of the community.


The Ainu are a distinctive ethnic group which used to have a culture completely different from that of the Japanese. This culture was virtually destroyed during the Meiji Period when policies aimed at assimilating the Ainu into Japanese culture outlawed their language and restricted their activities.

The word Ainu is derived from the word Aynu, which means human. These days some Ainu prefer the term Utari. During the Edo Period they were often referred to as Ezo, Yezo or Emishi. Although the Ainu probably inhabited large areas of Japan, they are now mainly found in Hokkaido.

During the 20th century heated debate raged over the origins of the Ainu. This was finally settled by the mid 1990’s when genetic studies showed that they are “the descendants of Japan’s ancient Jomon inhabitants, mixed with Korean genes of Yayoi colonists and of the modern Japanese.”1

1 Diamond, Jared (June, 1998). Japanese Roots. Discover Magazine Vol. 19: 86-94.


 -


Source:

http://oldphotosjapan.com/ja/photos/191/ainu-jp

http://oldphotosjapan.com/en/photos/144/ainu

Posts: 22244 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
Ish Geber
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quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
Afrocentric Liars Exposed - Thank you very much for posting this video. It is an abject lesson in how Albinos use their media, to first disseminate false information, and then once the truth is reluctantly revealed, to keep the lie alive.

BTW - The racist White-Boys playground - Wiki: has similar bullsh1t.




ABC News

Y A K I M A, Wash., Oct. 15


Kennewick Man, one of the oldest and most
complete human skeletons ever found in North
America, may have had Asian or Polynesian roots,
but a scientist says there are still a lot of questions to be
answered.

“It’s similar to what we’re seeing with other ancient
skeletons in both North and South America — there’s
some difference between them and any modern
people anywhere in the world,” said Joseph Powell, a
professor of anthropology at the University of New
Mexico. In a newly released report for the U.S.
Department of the Interior,

Powell and scientist
Jerome Rose, part of a federal team appointed to
examine the bones, wrote that Kennewick Man
“appears to have the strongest … affinities with
populations from Polynesia and southern Asia, and
not with American Indians or Europeans in the reference samples.”

South Asia: Thailand - Mani

 -


Polynesia: Solomon Islands.

 -


http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=98493&page=1



Oldest Skeleton in Americas Found in Underwater Cave?
Eliza Barclay
for National Geographic News
September 3, 2008

Deep inside an underwater cave in Mexico, archaeologists may have discovered the oldest human skeleton ever found in the Americas.
Dubbed Eva de Naharon, or Eve of Naharon, the female skeleton has been dated at 13,600 years old. If that age is accurate, the skeleton—along with three others found in underwater caves along the Caribbean coast of the Yucatán Peninsula—could provide new clues to how the Americas were first populated.

The remains have been excavated over the past four years near the town of Tulum, about 80 miles southwest of Cancún, by a team of scientists led by Arturo González, director of the Desert Museum in Saltillo, Mexico."We don't now how [the people whose remains were found in the caves] arrived and whether they came from the Atlantic, the jungle, or inside the continent," González said, "But we believe these finds are the oldest yet to be found in the Americas and may influence our theories of how the first people arrived."

In addition to possibly altering the time line of human settlement in the Americas, the remains may cause experts to rethink where the first Americans came from, González added. Clues from the skeletons' skulls hint that the people may not be of northern Asian descent (Chinese), which would contradict the dominant theory of New World settlement. That theory holds that ancient humans first came to North America from northern Asia via a now submerged land bridge across the Bering Sea.


"The shape of the skulls has led us to believe that Eva and the others have more of an affinity with people from South Asia (see Thailand - Mani, Andaman Islands, Malay peninsula - Semang people), González explained. The three other skeletons excavated in the caves have been given a date range of 11,000 to 14,000 years ago, based on radiocarbon dating. The remains were found some 50 feet (15 meters) below sea level in the caves off Tulum. But at the time "Eve of Naharon" is believed to have lived there, sea levels were 200 feet (60 meters) lower, and the Yucatán Peninsula was a wide, dry prairie.

If González's finds do stand up to scientific scrutiny, they will raise many interesting new questions about how the Americas were first peopled.
Many researchers once believed humans entered the New World from Asia as a single group crossing over the Bering Land Bridge no earlier than 13,500 years ago. But that theory is lately being debunked. Remains found in Monte Verde, Chile, in 1997, for example, point to the presence of people in the Americas at least 12,500 years ago, long before migration would have been possible through the ice-covered Arctic reaches of North America.


http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/09/080903-oldest-skeletons.html


BTW - If you have any real interest in the truth, check this link out.

Info on the first settlers of the Americas.

A. Chandrasekar, S. Y. Saheb, P. Gangopadyaya, S. Gangopadyaya, A. Mukherjee, D. Basu, G. R. Lakshmi, A. K. Sahani, B. Das, S. Battacharya, S. Kumar, D. Xaviour, D. Sun, V. R. Rao


A total of 2169 samples from 21 tribal populations from different regions of India were scanned for the Y-chromosome Alu polymorphism. This study reports, for the first time, high frequencies (8–65%) of Y Alu polymorphic (YAP) insertion in northeast Indian tribes. All seven Jarawa samples from the Andaman and Nicobar islands had the YAP insertion, in conformity with an earlier study of Andaman Islanders.The results of YAP insertion and the evidence of previous mtDNA studies indicate an early out of Africa migration to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.. YAP insertion frequencies reported in the mainland Indian populations are negligible, according to previous studies. Genetic drift may be the causative factor for the variable frequency of the YAP insertion in the mainland populations, while the founder effect may have resulted in the highest incidence of haplotype D among the Andaman Islanders. The results of YAP insertion and the evidence of previous mtDNA studies indicate an early out of Africa migration to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The findings of YAP insertion in northeast Indian tribes are very significant for understanding the evolutionary history of the region.


Y-DNA haplogroup D is seen primarily in Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and in Japan and was established approximately 50,000 years ago. Sub-group D1 (D-M15) is seen in Tibet, Mongolia, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia, and the sub-groups D*(D-M174) and D3 (D-P47) are seen in Central Asia. The sub-group D2 (D-M55) is seen almost exclusively in Japan. The high frequency of haplogroup D in Tibet (about 50%) and in Japan (about 35%) implies some early migratory connection between these areas. Examination of the genetic diversity seen in sub-group D2 in Japan implies that this group has been isolated in Japan for between 12,000-20,000 years. The highest frequencies of D2 in Japan are seen among the Ainu and the Ryukyuans.

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Mike111
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Excellent work Ish Gebor, I don't know what your race is, but I'm afraid regardless of that, or your desires for that matter. Intellectually, you are now an Afrocentric. Once you know the truth, Your knowledge leaves no choice.
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Mike111
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Ish Gebor - Having read some of the studies, you had to have been taken-aback by some of the double-talk and deception. Sometimes that is political slight-of-hand, and sometimes it is purely race motivated.

Note Djehuti's post, now you know that he knows better than that. But no doubt, he felt that he had to say that, in order to protect the lie that the Mongols of south Asia are an original people.

Interestingly, in a follow-up report, as reported by ABCnews. Joseph Powell became more precise.


Powell quote: “It’s similar to what we’re seeing with other ancient skeletons in both North and South America — there’s some difference between them and any modern people anywhere in the world,” said Joseph Powell, a professor of anthropology at the University of New Mexico.

In a newly released report for the U.S. Department of the Interior, Powell and scientist Jerome Rose, part of a federal team appointed to examine the bones, wrote that Kennewick Man “appears to have the strongest … affinities with populations from Polynesia and southern Asia, and not with American Indians or Europeans in the reference samples.”

But to say that Kennewick Man might be most closely linked to the people of

Polynesia or even the ancient Ainu of Japan, “doesn’t totally convey what we found,” Powell said. The older the bones, the more difficult it can be to neatly link them to specific populations, he said.

He also noted that ancient skeletons found in Europe or Asia, for example, don’t necessarily look like modern-day Europeans or Asians. Any number of factors could have influenced the degree of variation among humans then and now.

And with that, we see the paradigm of an apparently honest man, wanting to tell the truth, but afraid and constrained by people like Lioness and Djehuti, who though for very different reasons, both want to conceal the truth.

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the lioness,
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quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:


Djehuti's post, now you know that he knows better than that. But no doubt, he felt that he had to say that, in order to protect the lie that the Mongols of south Asia are an original people.


 -

Mike are both of these people original or only one and what exactly do you mean by "original people" ?

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Mike111
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Ha,ha,ha - You think that is an intelligent question don't you!

Sick,sick,sick.

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the lioness,
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quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
Ha,ha,ha - You think that is an intelligent question don't you!

Sick,sick,sick.

it doesn't matter it is a question that trumps your bs

at this point all you can do is avoid it and go for cheap ad homs

lioness

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Ish Geber
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quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
Excellent work Ish Gebor, I don't know what your race is, but I'm afraid regardless of that, or your desires for that matter. Intellectually, you are now an Afrocentric. Once you know the truth, Your knowledge leaves no choice.

Afrocentric? Based on what?

By the way, is that a good or a bad thing?

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Mike111
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^The White world considers anyone who looks at ancient history: which by definition, is always about Blacks: objectively - as an Afrocentric.

It's good if you pride yourself as a seeker of truth.

It's bad if you accidentally exposed the truth without meaning to.

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the lioness,
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quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
^The White world considers anyone who looks at ancient history: which by definition, is always about Blacks: objectively - as an Afrocentric.

It's good if you pride yourself as a seeker of truth.

It's bad if you accidentally exposed the truth without meaning to.

"blacks"

the word could mean anyone with dark skin


 -

 -

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Ish Geber
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quote:
Originally posted by the lioness:
quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
^The White world considers anyone who looks at ancient history: which by definition, is always about Blacks: objectively - as an Afrocentric.

It's good if you pride yourself as a seeker of truth.

It's bad if you accidentally exposed the truth without meaning to.

"blacks"

the word could mean anyone with dark skin


 -


Who is saying so?
 -


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Ish Geber
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quote:
Originally posted by the lioness:
quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
^The White world considers anyone who looks at ancient history: which by definition, is always about Blacks: objectively - as an Afrocentric.

It's good if you pride yourself as a seeker of truth.

It's bad if you accidentally exposed the truth without meaning to.

"blacks"

the word could mean anyone with dark skin


 -

 -

Who is saying so?
Posts: 22244 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010  |  IP: Logged | Report this post to a Moderator
Djehuti
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quote:
Originally posted by the lyingass:

"blacks"

the word could mean anyone with dark skin


 -

 -

No. The word is applied to folks with very dark skin. The Indian boy above has skin that is barely even dark. [Roll Eyes]
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Djehuti
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quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:

Please substantiate ONE single thing that you said.

The Ainu carry Y-DNA haplogroup D, which is common to the people of Tibet and the Andaman Islands. "About one in eight Ainu men have been found to belong to Haplogroup C3, which is the most common Y-chromosome haplogroup among the indigenous populations of the Russian Far East and Mongolia. Some researchers have speculated that this minority of Haplogroup C3 carriers among the Ainu may reflect a certain degree of unidirectional genetic influence from the Nivkhs, with whom the Ainu have long-standing cultural interactions." As for maternal lineage, Tanaka describes mitochondrial DNA as mainly from haplogroup Y (21.6 percent) and haplogroup M7a (15.7 percent).

Tajima, Atsushi et al. "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages," Journal of human genetics.

and "Mitochondrial Genome Variation in Eastern Asia and the Peopling of Japan." Genome Research, 14 (2004). 1832-1850

Sorry but the Ainu were not African "negroes" as you, Marc, and Clyde like to believe.

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Mike111
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Djehuti - Has your mind completely left you?

.

The Ainu carry Y-DNA haplogroup D, which is common to the people of Tibet and the Andaman Islands.

Andaman Islander

 -


"About one in eight Ainu men have been found to belong to Haplogroup C3, which is the most common Y-chromosome haplogroup among the indigenous - NOT current!!! populations of the Russian Far East and Mongolia.

Steatopygia Female Venus
 -


 -


 -

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the lioness,
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quote:
Originally posted by Djehuti:
quote:
Originally posted by the lyingass:

"blacks"

the word could mean anyone with dark skin


 -

 -

No. The word is applied to folks with very dark skin. The Indian boy above has skin that is barely even dark. [Roll Eyes]
what about the man below the boy?
or this woman-

 -

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Mike111
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Lioness, have you ever considered seeing a professional about your issues regarding race?

If you start it, Jari and Djehuti might follow.

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the lioness,
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Djehuti's cornered
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-Just Call Me Jari-
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^^^^^^^
Just how you were dealt defeat on the Kid Rock thread...

AHAHAHAHAHAH!!!

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