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The Gibraltar Out of Africa Exit for Anatomically Modern Humans
Abstract
Using archaeological, craniometric, anthropological, and samples of ancient mtDNA we examined the possibility that there was a third exit from Africa, of anatomically modern humans (amh) across the Straits of Gibraltar into Iberia and thence throughout Eurasia. The finding of ancient Sub-Saharan mtDNA and related evidences make it clear that the Aurignacian culture was taken into Eurasia from Africa by Cro-Magnon people crossing the Straits of Gibraltar.
Yes, the evidence seems clear that Europe was settled by Africans who entered via Gibraltar. The question has always been for me: why the Sea route instead of through the Caucasus, and were the original Anatolian's Grimaldi or East Africans. On the former, you seem to be suggesting that Neanderthals blocked the way.
BTW - why do you stick with the Cro-Magnon nonsense, you know damn well Grimaldi was a fully modern human.
Posts: 22721 | Registered: Oct 2005
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quote:Originally posted by Mike111: Clyde - congratulations on the study!
Yes, the evidence seems clear that Europe was settled by Africans who entered via Gibraltar. The question has always been for me: why the Sea route instead of through the Caucasus, and were the original Anatolian's Grimaldi or East Africans. On the former, you seem to be suggesting that Neanderthals blocked the way.
BTW - why do you stick with the Cro-Magnon nonsense, you know damn well Grimaldi was a fully modern human.
This is because Europeans have used the term Cro-Magnon for the Grimaldi to make it impossible for people to know the Grimaldi, who were Negroes were the earliest inhabitants of Europe.
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I have to admit that this is a really interesting paper. I always thought the OOA route was from Africa to Southwest Asia, but it never occurred to me that another wave of Africans could have also taken the Iberian route.
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^ Of course its possible. Morocco is right to Spain with only a dozen or so miles of water separating them. We discussed African migrations to Iberia many times before as supported by the so-called Ibero-Marusian culture stretching from Tunisia and Algeria into Spain. We have DNA evidence like Y-chromosomal E2 found in Iberia and recently we discussed findings of Sub-Saharan mitochondrial lineages associated with the Beaker Culture of Iberia here. Now if Aurignacian Culture truly did originate in Africa, the only thing surprising is why such evidence of this was not found before. Though since Clyde is the author of this study I wouldn't hold my breath. Posts: 26311 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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Though since Clyde is the author of this study I wouldn't hold my breath.
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Migrations of ancient peoples to Europe is plausible provided the idea can be properly developed. The paper so far looks incomplete though. Preliminary observations:
1) It does not look like the website formatted Clyde's paper correctly. Aside from some misspellings, paragraphs are all bunched up, and the body text is missing embedded citations in many cases, nor are there any footnotes as an alternative within said body text, making a citation chain hard to establish.
2) The lack of embedded citations or footnotes in various parts make it hard to verify claims made since Clyde is relying on published literature as his data source.
"This research was conducted at the Uthman dan Fodio Institute in Chicago. The samples for this study includes published research literature on population movements from Africa into Eurasia. The craniometric, genomic and archaeological literature relating to African and Eurasian population movements was critically analyzed focusing on haplogroup L3(M,N)."
Brace is mentioned for example but Brace what and when?
I think also the paper needs more discussion on how they got to Gibraltar- and reference to the data on boat usage and sea voyages. What other parallel groups might have made such a trip for example?
I understand this "open source" publishing relies on peer review after something is put out, but all in all the paper referenced looks more like a first draft rather than a carefully constructed final product.
Posts: 5906 | From: The Hammer | Registered: Aug 2008
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quote:Originally posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova: Though since Clyde is the author of this study I wouldn't hold my breath.
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Migrations of ancient peoples to Europe is plausible provided the idea can be properly developed. The paper so far looks incomplete though. Preliminary observations:
1) It does not look like the website formatted Clyde's paper correctly. Aside from some misspellings, paragraphs are all bunched up, and the body text is missing embedded citations in many cases, nor are there any footnotes as an alternative within said body text, making a citation chain hard to establish.
2) The lack of embedded citations or footnotes in various parts make it hard to verify claims made since Clyde is relying on published literature as his data source.
"This research was conducted at the Uthman dan Fodio Institute in Chicago. The samples for this study includes published research literature on population movements from Africa into Eurasia. The craniometric, genomic and archaeological literature relating to African and Eurasian population movements was critically analyzed focusing on haplogroup L3(M,N)."
Brace is mentioned for example but Brace what and when?
I think also the paper needs more discussion on how they got to Gibraltar- and reference to the data on boat usage and sea voyages. What other parallel groups might have made such a trip for example?
I understand this "open source" publishing relies on peer review after something is put out, but all in all the paper referenced looks more like a first draft rather than a carefully constructed final product.
I don't know why they did not include my citations in the paper. If you are interested in the Brace source I reference it at #37.
This paper is the final product.
I began working on this paper in 2008. Some of the original anthropological data was published in the South Asian Anthropologist.
This is an important study because it brings to the forefront the archaeological evidence indicating the dominance of Neanderthal in the Levant up to 34kya. This makes many of the claims by geneticist suggesting a back migration from the Levant back into Africa before this date impossible.
Zarahan if you have any publications on population genetics or, teach and/or belong to a research institution I am sure you could join this organization after they evaluate your vita. Then you can review my paper or publish your own paper.
If you are interested you can find my other archaeogenetic studies here:
This is an example why I like this forum - presenting intellectual debates instead of meaningless yelling.
Posts: 2198 | Registered: Jun 2006
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It has not wholly lost the character which geologists tell us that it bore in unrecorded days, when it formed a bridge uniting the European and the African continent, and parting the two great divisions of the Mediterranean into two unconnected lakes. It parts, and at the same time it brings together, Europe and Africa, Eastern and Western Europe. [/QUOTE]
Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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quote:Originally posted by xyyman: There were essentially THREE routes of Africans entering Europe. Discounting the more talked about route from Anatolia/Levant.
1. Iberia 2. Sicily 3. Crete
All three groups of extant European peoples display African markers. . .sigh!!!!!
Obviously during the ice age as many scholars concluded, sea levels drop, migration became easier.
Not only across Europe and Africa but Australia, Beringia, South America. . . .
It has not wholly lost the character which geologists tell us that it bore in unrecorded days, when it formed a bridge uniting the European and the African continent, and parting the two great divisions of the Mediterranean into two unconnected lakes. It parts, and at the same time it brings together, Europe and Africa, Eastern and Western Europe.
Good post. I don't remember the source If I remember correctly there was archaeological evidence of an African migration to Crete around 125kya.
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