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Elijah The Tishbite
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Population Continuity or Population Change: Formation of the Ancient Egyptian State

Abstract

The origins of the ancient Egyptian state and its formation have received much attention through analysis of mortuary contexts, skeletal material, and trade. Genetic diversity was analyzed by studying craniometric variation within a series of six time-successive Egyptian populations in order to investigate the evidence for migration over the period of the development of social hierarchy and the Egyptian state. Craniometric variation, based upon 16 measurements, was assessed through principal components analysis, discriminant function analysis, and Mahalanobis D2 matrix computation. Spatial and temporal relationships were assessed by Mantel and Partial Mantel tests. The results indicate overall population continuity over the Predynastic and early Dynastic, and high levels of genetic heterogeneity, thereby suggesting that state formation occurred as a mainly indigenous process. Nevertheless, significant differences were found in morphology between both geographically-pooled and cemetery-specific temporal groups, indicating that some migration occurred along the Egyptian Nile Valley over the periods studied. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc

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Djehuti
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I'm going to try to find that one, but wasn't that study posted here before?
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Mystery Solver
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^It sounds familiar, because another study [again by S. Zakrzewski*] assessing cranial morphology from 'six periods' had been recited here, having to do with:

Previous studies have compared biological relationships between Egyptians and other populations, mostly using the Howells global cranial data set. In the current study, by contrast, the biological relationships within a series of temporally-successive cranial samples are assessed.

The data consist of 55 cranio-facial variables from 418 adult Egyptian individuals, from six periods, ranging in date from c. 5000 to 1200 BC. These were compared with the 111 Late Period crania (c. 600-350 BC) from the Howells sample. Principal Component and Canonical Discriminant Function Analyses were undertaken, on both pooled and single sex samples.

The results suggest a level of local population continuity exists within the earlier Egyptian populations, but that this was in association with some change in population structure, reflecting small-scale immigration and admixture with new groups. Most dramatically, the results also indicate that the Egyptian series from Howells global data set are morphologically distinct from the Predynastic and Early Dynastic Nile Valley samples (especially in cranial vault shape and height), and thus show that this sample CANNOT BE CONSIDERED to be a typical Egyptian series.


This must be another assessment, if not a continuation of the previous work.

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Jomo
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Here it is:

http://www.savefile.com/files/857191

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Mystery Solver
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^Much appreciated.
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Elijah The Tishbite
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Thanks Jomo, appreaciate it .
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Obelisk_18
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quote:
Originally posted by Jomo:
Here it is:

http://www.savefile.com/files/857191

Yo my man Jom, you got a study by Zarkewski about the egyptian mummy body ratios or whatever, thanks in advance. Peace. [Big Grin]
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Yonis
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So basically according to this study the egyptian state formation was indigenous through and after the pre-dynastic period but had some immigrants comming in to the nation slowly until the middle-kingdom and gradually increasing after the middle kingdom where they got assimilated or Egyptianized?
All eventually adapted to the Egyptian society but contributed to the civilization by whatever skills they had.
Sounds alot as the modern "western civilization".

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Mansa Musa
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quote:
Originally posted by Obelisk_18:
quote:
Originally posted by Jomo:
Here it is:

http://www.savefile.com/files/857191

Yo my man Jom, you got a study by Zarkewski about the egyptian mummy body ratios or whatever, thanks in advance. Peace. [Big Grin]
That would be this study:

Sonia R. Zakrzewski, Department of Archaeology,
University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BF, UK, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 121:219–229 (2003)

http://www.homestead.com/wysinger/egyptian_body_proportions.pdf

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Djehuti
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quote:
Originally posted by Yonis:

So basically according to this study the egyptian state formation was indigenous through and after the pre-dynastic period but had some immigrants comming in to the nation slowly until the middle-kingdom and gradually increasing after the middle kingdom where they got assimilated or Egyptianized?
All eventually adapted to the Egyptian society but contributed to the civilization by whatever skills they had.
Sounds alot as the modern "western civilization".

^ Except without racism, let alone white supremacy inherent in Western civilization due to historical reasons. Also, with Egypt being a predominantly black society. Other than that, I guess, yeah.
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