This lesson involves two artifacts from South America: 1) A picture of the Brazilian, "Candido da Fonseca Galvão" known as Dom Oba. 2) A painting of the Ecuadoran "Don Francisco de la Robe"
Both of these artifacts carry conflicting ethnic identifications. In order to resolve the matter, we must use related information, logic, and common sense.
First the ancient ethnic histories of Brazil and Ecuador.
Brazil is perhaps the original ancient home of the first human settlers of the Americas. These people were Africans, and their oldest remains are found in Brazil.
Mongol type people from China followed the Africans into the Americas many thousands of years later. This order and timeframe, is confirmed by skeletal analysis.
The 2005 study, published by The National Academy of Sciences Cranial morphology of early Americans from Lagoa Santa, Brazil: Implications for the settlement of the New World by Walter A. Neves and Mark Hubbe Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil. Abstract
Comparative morphological studies of the earliest human skeletons of the New World have shown that, whereas late prehistoric, recent, and present Native Americans tend to exhibit a cranial morphology similar to late and modern Northern Asians (short and wide neurocrania; high, orthognatic and broad faces; and relatively high and narrow orbits and noses): the earliest South Americans tend to be more similar to present Australians, Melanesians, and Sub-Saharan Africans (narrow and long neurocrania; prognatic, low faces; and relatively low and broad orbits and noses).
In Brazil there were no great Empires (the we know of), the Africans and Mongols seem to have lived as hunter gathers in relative harmony.
(Native South Americans (1816 - 1831), mostly by Jean-Baptiste Debret).
Of course, there was admixture: as this painting clearly shows a tribe of Blacks and Mongols.
Of particular interest is this painting which shows Africans living quite differently from those in the open forest. Here in the rain forest, we see Africans living very primitively, in apparent squalor, and even wearing lip plates.
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
Ecuador:
The adjoining countries of modern Peru and Ecuador are the epicenters for all of the great civilizations and kingdoms of South America. They are:
Norte Chico Peru: 9,210 B.C. Valdivia Ecuador: 3200 B.C. Chavín de Huántar and Paracas Peru: 2500 B.C. The Moche Peru: 250 B.C. The Recuay The Nazca The Pucara The Tiwanaku The Lima The Huari The Chimu The Chincha The Sicán The Inca From the Recuay to the Inca were cultures of the current era: 100 A.D. to 1,200 A.D.
The ethnicity of the various kingdoms can be determined by the artifacts they made in their own likeness.
As with the Aztec in Mexico, the Whites destroyed everything relating to the Inca that they could find. Therefore there appears to be no "REAL" life-like images of the Inca.
From the artifacts that are available: it appears that all of the "Advanced" civilizations of South America, were Black civilizations.
And something very interesting: In another thread, I speculated that Black ancient Americans may have been using Mongol Americans for sacrifice. And that this may have caused them to ally with the Spanish against the Black Empires.
Evidence supporting this conjecture appears to be the race of Nazca and Inca sacrificial victims. Though there is no artifact to prove the Nazca were Blacks, the practice of taking heads/shrinking heads for trophy, is an Oceanic practice. It appears that Nazca and Inca victims were all, or mostly, Mongol type people.
Colonial History of South America.
In 1502 the Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, granted permission to the colonists of the Caribbean to import African slaves. Opponents of their enslavement cited their weak Christian faith and their penchant for escaping to the mountains. Proponents declared that the rapid diminution of the Native American population required a consistent supply of reliable work hands, since the Spanish population at the time was far too low to carry out all the manual labour needed to assure the economic viability of the colonies as the first years of Spaniard presence in America were marked by a terrible outbreak of a tropical epidemic flu in the Caribbean that decimated the populations of local natives and Spaniard explorers. In 1518 the first shipment of African-born slaves was sent to the West Indies. The Spaniards, although purchasers of slaves, mostly from the Portuguese and the British, did not engage on slave trade on the African coast themselves, and the number of African slaves in their colonies was sensibly inferior to those of Portuguese or British.
While enslaved Africans were vital to the initial conquest and colonization of Spain's American colonies, they were also employed in the empire's defense. Originally the Crown relied on private initiative and resources to protect colonial shipping and settlements. In some cases they were hired out or "donated" by residents or purchased outright by the Crown. All of these projects used enslaved African labor in some measure. Up through the end of the seventeenth century, however, those enslaved by the state itself were a smaller portion of the enslaved employed in defense works. Over the course of the slave trade, approximately 95,000 slaves were brought into Peru, with the last group arriving in 1850.
Viceroyalty of New Granada census count
The Viceroyalty of New Granada, was a Spanish colonial jurisdiction in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. The territory corresponding to Panama was incorporated later in 1739. In addition to these core areas, the territory of the Viceroyalty of New Granada included Guyana, and parts of northwestern Brazil, northern Peru, Costa Rica and Nicaragua.
In the Americas, the largest number of African slaves were shipped to Brazil. However, in the Spanish viceroyalty of New Granada, the free Black population in 1789 was 420,000, whereas African slaves numbered only 20,000. Free Blacks also outnumbered slaves in Brazil. In Cuba, by contrast, free Blacks made up only 15% in 1827; and in Saint-Domingue it was a mere 5% in 1789. Some half-million slaves, most of them born in Africa, worked the booming plantations of Saint-Domingue (the Caribbean island of Hispaniola - Haiti and the Dominican Republic).
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
Case #1
Using the peripheral evidences above, now let us consider the case of Candido da Fonseca Galvao or Dom Oba.
Here is what is said about him:
1) First generation of Brazilian, Candido da Fonseca Galvão, Dom Oba in Yoruba means that King was born in the village of sheets in the interior of Bahia around 1845, the son of African-liners, and grandson of the mighty Allah Fin Abiodun the last sovereign to maintain joined the great empire of Oyo and by right of blood was African prince.
And in the period between the years 1865 to 1870 participated in the war with Paraguay, and due to his great bravery and was awarded an honorary officer of the Brazilian army and return to the country settled in the city of Rio de Janeiro where his social position complex has at least as it was regarded as a folkloric figure by a certain section of society, and the other was revered as a royal prince by slaves, freedmen and free men of color.
Personal friend and protege of Emperor Dom Pedro II, Dom Oba took decisive moments in the process of abolishing the progressive historical role as a link between high levels of imperial power and the masses who slave relationships emerged with his imposing figure and his sovereign ways, to dress in their finest clothes or black uniform with its well-preserved of the Brazilian army lieutenant with his sword at his side and his cocked hat with colorful plumage in special occasions.
2) This is a machine translation - very raw!
Cândido of the Fonseca Galvão, more known as Prince Oba, or Dom Oba II d´África, son of African lining, Brazilian of first generation, was born in the Bahia, the Sheet region for 1845 return. Grandson of the biggest emperor yorubá, king Alafin Abiodun, responsible for the unification of the empire yorubá in Africa. Its father - Benvindo of the Fonseca Galvão - came as enslaved to Brazil. In middle of century XIX, already as enslaved I free and moved for the race in search of Diamonds of the Chapada Diamantina. When Dom Oba II comes to the world, the enslaved community congregates its economies and purchase its freedom, guaranteeing to it the heading of free man. It learned to read and to write with the father.
The Bahia was the Brazilian province that more contributed with volunteers for the War of Paraguay. In 1865 it participated actively in the conscription of volunteers for the War of Paraguay, its first chance to exercise its qualities of leadership. It was nominated for Bahian 2s second lieutenant of 3ª Campanhia de Zuavos. Wounded in the right hand, Cândido of the Fonseca Galvão left of the active service in day 31 of August of 1861. Later he searched the recognition social of its facts and validities. For in such a way he covered the legal proceedings, directing itself preferential to the proper emperor. In 1872 the honors had been granted. Not entirely satisfied, Galvão directed, in the following year, a pension order. Its request is taken care of. The soldier life allowed an extraordinary magnifying - quantitatively and qualitatively.
There is not enough information to discern if Dom Oba - as he called himself, was an indigenous Black Brazilian or a former Slave who was freed in exchange for military service.
What we can say without a doubt, is that he was NOT enslaved Yoruban royalty. That people would repeat that nonsense, is a testament to the disrespect Whites encourage towards Blacks.
As an example: In 1776 a British ship took some Sambo (Black) Indians from the Mosquito coast (central America), to sell them as slaves on one of the islands.
Within a few months Indian chiefs had come to the island from central America to plead with the British Governor for the return of their countrymen. The governor was told that the Sambo people were greatly enraged and intended to put to death all White people unless their compatriots were restored to them. The Governor accordingly arranged to have the Sambos returned.
Consider then, enslaving the grandson or son, of a Yoruban king who was DOING BUSINESS WITH THE PORTUGUESE!
What a stupid story.
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
Case #2:
The various titles of this painting.
a) Los Negros de Esmeraldas, by Andrés Sánchez Gallque, 1599. Museum of América, Madrid.
b) Esmeraldas Ambassadeurs(Ecuador), door Andres Sánchez Gallque, 1559, Museo de America, Madrid "
c) Three mulatto gentlemen visiting Quito, Ecuador, in 1599, dressed in gorgeous cloaks and with fantastic gold ornaments decorating their faces.
What is said about the painting:
1) This portrait depicts three men from Esmeraldas, a region along the north coast of Ecuador. Documents of the time indicate that don Francisco, the man in the center, was a mulatto—the son of an African and an Indian. This portrait commemorates his trip to the regional capital, Quito, where, as governor, he cemented his agreement to convert to Christianity and accept Spanish rule
Commissioned by a colonial official as a gift to the King of Spain, the painting shows don Francisco and two younger men (probably his sons) wearing indigenous-style ponchos made of European fabric and local gold jewelry. To complete their outfits, they also donned European-style clothing—ruff collars, capes, and hats. Whether these men dressed this way in daily life or just for the benefit of the portrait, we do not know. Yet these outfits reference both high status and the cultural mixing common in Spanish America in the late 16th century.
The artist, Andrés Sánchez Gallque, was an indigenous man born in Quito and trained to paint by friars. He belonged to the Confraternity of the Rosary, a Dominican group that sought to bring together Indians, Africans and Spaniards. His work and career suggest how interactions among people of different ancestry and traditions contributed to both the visual culture and lived experiences of Spanish America.
Based on the Country Studies Series by Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress
About Country Studies The Country Studies Series presents a description and analysis of the historical setting and the social, economic, political, and national security systems and institutions of countries throughout the world.
Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Army. Because the original intent of the series' sponsor was to focus primarily on lesser-known areas of the world or regions in which U.S. forces might be deployed, the series is not all-inclusive. At present, 101 countries and regions are covered. The date of information for each country appears on the title page of each country and at the end of each section of text.
Most books in the series deal with a particular foreign country, describing and analyzing its political, economic, social, and national security systems and institutions, and examining the interrelationships of those systems and the ways they are shaped by cultural factors. The authors seek to provide a basic understanding of the observed society, striving for a dynamic rather than a static portrayal. Particular attention is devoted to the people who make up the society, their origins, dominant beliefs and values, their common interests and the issues on which they are divided, the nature and extent of their involvement with national institutions, and their attitudes toward each other and toward their social system and political order.
The books represent the analysis of the authors and should not be construed as an expression of an official United States government position, policy, or decision. The authors have sought to adhere to accepted standards of scholarly objectivity. Corrections, additions, and suggestions for changes from readers will be welcomed for use in future editions.
Louis R. Mortimer Chief Federal Research Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540-5220
Data as of 1989
Ecuador
The coastal lowlands north of Manta were conquered, not by the Spanish, but by blacks from the Guinean coast who, as slaves, were shipwrecked en route from Panama to Peru in 1570. The blacks killed or enslaved the native males and married the females, and within a generation they constituted a population of zambos (mixed black and Indian) that resisted Spanish authority until the end of the century and afterwards managed to retain a great deal of political and cultural independence.
That is the kind of racist drivel Americans going to a foreign nation are taught. And as usual with racist drivel, when talking about Blacks, it doesn't have to make sense. All it has to do is depict them as Slaves or former Slaves.
For years, Lioness has been befuddled by how Brown and Yellow people, like the Chinese, South Asians, Middle Easterners, etc. came to exist. She called them Mediterraneans and other such terms (of course they are merely Mulattoes).
Latin Americans invented a whole genre of art to explain to people like Lioness, where Brown and Yellow people come from - it is called Casta art.
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
Mike not to say that aboriginal blacks did not exist in Brazil at the time of Dom Oba but if like it is stated above Oba a Yoruba title the fact that he could be descended from royalty is not far fatched remember Abdul Rahman Ibrahima
He was born in Timbo, West Africa, (in present day Guinea, Fouta Djallon). He was known as the "Prince of Slaves" or "Prince." He was a Fulbe or Fulani, (Fula) from the land of Futa Jallon. Abrahim left Futa in 1774 to study in Mali at Timbuktu. Abrahim was captured by warring tribes and sold to slave traders in 1788 at the age of 26.
He was bought by a Natchez cotton and tobacco farmer, where he eventually became the overseer of the plantation of Thomas Foster. In 1794 he married Isabella, another slave of Foster’s, and eventually fathered a large family -- 5 sons and 4 daughters.
By using his his knowledge of growing cotton in Futa Jallon, Abdul-Rahman rose to a position of authority on the plantation and became the defacto foreman. http://www.visitnatchez.com/custom/webpage2.cfm?content=News&id=37&Cat=africanamericanheritage Royals were not exempt from being captured, now apart from that he may not have been of Slave heritage at all because sometimes and this was especially true of Brazil, African kings sent their own agents,sometimes sons to keep an eye on their business interest many of those Blacks prancing around in Europe dressed in the high fashion of the times with swords were such men.
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
And one more thing Africans did take to the forest and mountains to set up Maroon settlements they are called Quilombos Palmares — History records many qullombos; nevertheless, the Quilombo of Palmares, the greatest in extension and duration and spreading across various points of the sierra, endured practically 100 years, between 1600 and 1695. Around 1654, the Quilombo of Palmares was composed of many villages where the escaped Africans lived in freedom. Among them were:
Macaco — in Serra da Barriga, with 8,000 habitants Amaro — in the northeast of Serinhadm, with 5,000 habitants Sucupira — 80krn from Macaco Zumbi — to the northeast of Porto Calvo Osenga — 20km from Macaco The total population of Palmares in that period reached 20,000 habitants who represented 15% of Brazil's population. With the quilombos, the maintenance of African identity and of the costumes functioned as the cement of the communities, stimulating numerous slave escapes from the surrounding sugar plantations. http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=15;t=002329
Now the above would sure to obscure any native Blacks in the area some of these blacks the new comers would learn from the Indians and new world blacks they settle amongst.
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
Brada-Anansi - I gave a lot of information in the preamble, I guess you didn't read it.
So then, you think that a Yoruba king would be doing business with people who had kidnapped his son for slavery?
Further, you think that the population of Brazil was 133,000 people?
I see you are totally committed to White man nonsense history.
Brazil, is, and has always been, the largest and most populous region of South America. Even today, areas of Brazil are unexplored, and the government cannot say that they have an accurate census. Pray tell, how could a few Portuguese possibly know how many people lived in Brazil?
NOTE: The information regarding Brazil on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies and the CIA World Factbook. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Brazil The Colonial Era, 1500-1815 information contained here.
Scholars have attempted to make estimates based on contemporary reports and the supposed carrying capacity of the land. For Brazil's Amazon Basin alone, demographer William M. Denevan has suggested 3,625,000 people, with another 4,800,000 in other regions. Other estimates place 5 million inhabitants in Amazônia alone.
Note: The estimated population of the Americas pre-Columbus is 100,000,000 (100 million).
Posted by Clyde Winters (Member # 10129) on :
quote:Originally posted by Mike111: Brada-Anansi - I gave a lot of information in the preamble, I guess you didn't read it.
So then, you think that a Yoruba king would be doing business with people who had kidnapped his son for slavery?
Further, you think that the population of Brazil was 133,000 people?
I see you are totally committed to White man nonsense history.
Brazil, is, and has always been, the largest and most populous region of South America. Even today, areas of Brazil are unexplored, and the government cannot say that they have an accurate census. Pray tell, how could a few Portuguese possibly know how many people lived in Brazil?
NOTE: The information regarding Brazil on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies and the CIA World Factbook. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Brazil The Colonial Era, 1500-1815 information contained here.
Scholars have attempted to make estimates based on contemporary reports and the supposed carrying capacity of the land. For Brazil's Amazon Basin alone, demographer William M. Denevan has suggested 3,625,000 people, with another 4,800,000 in other regions. Other estimates place 5 million inhabitants in Amazônia alone.
Note: The estimated population of the Americas pre-Columbus is 100,000,000 (100 million).
Branda could be right.
The Dahome sold the slaves to the Portuguese not Yoruba. Many of the Yoruba returned to Porto Novo and Whydah beginning in the 1830's after the Male jihad in Brazil.
Many of these Yoruba who returned to Africa often travled back and forth between Africa and Brazil.
The Male wrote many Arabic documents that were collected by the Brazilians when the Jihadists were tried.
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Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
Clyde and Brada-Anansi - Dom Oba II was born in 1845, that means that his enslaved father would have been born circa 1825. I have tried to find a version of Yuroban history which would allow for your point of view, but I have not found any.
Introduction: Diffusion and other Problems in the History of African States
Professor James Giblin, Department of History, The University of Iowa
Trade was also a crucial factor in one of the most important political developments in Yoruba history: the rise of the kingdom of Oyo. A settlement at Oyo, which is located in the far north of Yorubaland, already existed about 1100 A.D. It appears to have developed into a small kingdom in the late 14th or early 15th century. Some Yoruba traditions say that Oyo was founded by Oranyan, the son or grandson of Oduduwa; other traditions say that Oyo was founded by Sango, who became the Yoruba god of Thunder and Lightning. Whomever was responsible, its emergence as the dominant political power in Yorubaland occurred in the 17th century, and was hastened by Oyo¹s acquisition of horses. Undoubtedly the horses came to Oyo from savannah and Sahel regions to the north. Oyo traded various goods, including kola nuts and palm products, in return for horses and salt.
Using horses to create cavalry forces, the rulers of Oyo conquered much of Yorubaland in the 17th century, and expanded their empire to its greatest extent when, between 1730 and 1748, they forced the powerful state of Dahomey to the west of Yorubaland to become their tributary. Oyo also took control of the seacoast between Whydah and Badagry, and expanded trade with Europeans. Its merchants sold slaves to Europeans in return for cloth and other goods. Sadly, as exports of slaves from Oyo reached about 20,000 per year between 1680 and 1730, this portion of the West African coast became known as the "Slave Coast."
The empire of Oyo collapsed during the first two decades of the 19th century. The increase of slave-holding likely played an important role. Enslavement had undoubtedly increased as slave trading expanded to meet European demand, and slave-holding probably increased further as a result of the British decision in 1807 to outlaw slave trading, for the gradual decline of European demand reduced the price of slaves, bringing them within the means of local purchasers. The increasing importance of slavery may have helped cause a revolt by an important military commander named Afonja in 1823. Afonja won support by appealing to Oyo¹s enslaved population. A 19th-century history of the Yoruba described Alfonja¹s rebellion in this way: "All the Hausa slaves in the adjacent towns hitherto employed as barbers, rope-makers and cowherds, now deserted their masters and flocked to Ilorin under the standard of AfonjaŠ and were protected against their masters.
With the collapse of Oyo, Yorubaland plunged into protracted warfare, leaving a landscape of ruined towns and huge numbers of refugees and captives. Perhaps 500,000 people migrated from the savannahs of the north, formerly the most densely populated portion of Yorubaland, to the forests and coastal areas of the south, where they founded new towns such as Ibadan and Abeokuta. This catastrophe may have prompted interest in new faiths. Christianity became important during the 19th century, and Abeokuta became the center of Yoruba Christianity. Its spread was largely the work of formerly enslaved Yoruba who returned home from Brazil and Sierra Leone. Internal conflict, however, prevented resistance against European colonial conquest. The British established a protectorate over the port of Lagos in 1861, and forced Ibadan to accept a resident administrator in 1893. Colonialism began a process which eventually would integrate Yorubaland into the Nigerian nation.
Abiodun (reigned ca. 1770–1789) was an 18th-century alaafin, or ruler, of the Oyo people in what is now Nigeria. Coming to the throne shortly after the Oyo subjugation of neighboring Dahomey, Abiodun soon found himself embroiled in a civil war over the goals of the newly wealthy state.
Bashorun Gaha, the empire's prime minister and lord marshal, had used his power to pervert the constitutional terms of abdication in a bid to limit the powers of the Alaafin and gain more political power for himself. During Gaha's power play, he had succeeded in removing three kings before Abiodun curtailed his excesses and had him burned alive.
In terms of trade, while Abiodun favored economic expansion for its own sake, his opponents favored using the wealth from Dahomey's tribute to finance further military expansion. Abiodun soon proved victorious and pursued a policy of peaceful trade with the European merchants of the coast. This course significantly weakened the army, leaving his successor, Awole, facing a number of local revolts.
Awole Arogangan was Abiodun s successor and it was during his reign that trouble started for the kingdom.
He was forced to commit suicide; but before his death he was said to have pronounced a curse on all Yoruba, that they will not unite and that they will be taken captives. Afonja was the Kakanfo, the generalsimo of the Army, in the northern Yoruba town of Ilorin, during the reign of Awole and his successor. Afonja refused to recognize the new king, and invited the Fulani who were then leading a jihad to the south, to assist him against the king. They did, but he did not survive himself, because the Fulani, after helping him defeat the Alafin also turned against him. They fired numerous arrows at him and his dead body was stood erect on those arrows as they stuck into his body. The treachery of Afonja marked the beginning of the end of the Oyo empire and with it the decline of the Yoruba nation. Civil war erupted among the various Yoruba kingdoms: Oyo, Ijesa, Ekiti, Ijaiye, Abeokuta and Ibadan.
As this was going on, Dahomey on the west and the Borgu on the north were also posing trouble for the Yoruba kingdoms until the intervention of the British and the imposition of colonial rule.
List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Oyo
c. 1770 to 1789 Abiodun, Alaafin 1789 to 1796 Awole Arogangan, Alaafin 1796 to 1797 Adebo, Alaafin 1797 Makua, Alaafin 1797 to 1802 vacant, vacant 1802 to 1830 Majotu, Alaafin 1830 to 1833 Amodo, Alaafin 1833 to 1835 Oluewu, Alaafin 1837 to 1859 Atiba Atobatele (at new capital), Alaafin
Posted by IronLion (Member # 16412) on :
quote:Originally posted by Mike111: Clyde and Brada-Anansi - Dom Oba II was born in 1845, that means that his enslaved father would have been born circa 1825. I have tried to find a version of Yuroban history which would allow for your point of view, but I have not found any.
...
Mike
Dom Oba was the son of Free people. There were also free Africans living in Brazil as well as enslaved ones. Just like there were free jews, free Lebanese, free Syrians, etc.
Even the very ones identified as Portugese were very often black people with Portugese culture.
Anyway, why not search out some real facts on Dom Oba, rather than the speculations.
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
Lion - I agree, there is every possibility that Dom Oba was a freeman of indigenous or Yoruba linage, and the story about him being a Slave is nothing more than White created myth.
And that's really the point of the thread, to get people to understand that Black people ran the gambit of lives and occupations during the colonial period. Whites use the Slave tag, to give the impression that all Blacks were Africans brought as slaves, and that they were the only rulers and elites - but that's not even close to being true, just more made-up White history.
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
Mike this is from your source Abiodun (reigned ca. 1770–1789) was an 18th-century alaafin, or ruler, of the Oyo people in what is now Nigeria. Coming to the throne shortly after the Oyo subjugation of neighboring Dahomey, Abiodun soon found himself embroiled in a civil war over the goals of the newly wealthy state
This is where if it did his grand dad could have ended up in Brazil, civil war!!you may be thinking that like European kings with their one wife, he could produce only so many sons ( non bastards that is) but Africans kings with their multitude of royal wives and not to mention concubines would produce a whole host of sons,so one taken in battle and sold as captive may sting ones pride a little would not have shook the empire to it's core. The fact that other blacks in Brazil recognize his importance.
Benvindo of the Fonseca Galvão - came as enslaved to Brazil. In middle of century XIX, already as enslaved I free and moved for the race in search of Diamonds of the Chapada Diamantina. W hen Dom Oba II comes to the world, the enslaved community congregates its economies and purchase its freedom, guaranteeing to it the heading of free man. It learned to read and to write with the father.
Posted by IronLion (Member # 16412) on :
quote:Originally posted by Mike111: Lion - I agree, there is every possibility that Dom Oba was a freeman of indigenous or Yoruba linage, and the story about him being a Slave is nothing more than White created myth.
And that's really the point of the thread, to get people to understand that Black people ran the gambit of lives and occupations during the colonial period. Whites use the Slave tag, to give the impression that all Blacks were Africans brought as slaves, and that they were the only rulers and elites - but that's not even close to being true, just more made-up White history.
