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Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Balsamariums of Black Romans

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Egyptian Youth

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Posted by IronLion (Member # 16412) on :
 
^Link?
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Two of the links.
http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=007074

http://realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Etruria_the_Etruscans_2.htm
 
Posted by IronLion (Member # 16412) on :
 
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http://www.amazon.ca/Black-Origins-Ancient-Roman-Emperors-ebook/dp/B00G2A3TE6
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
^Those are all new books lion, the authors likely plagiarized our work. Which is okay with me, as long as they mention where they got the material from.
 
Posted by IronLion (Member # 16412) on :
 
I know Mike, I know.

Pink boi fast when him haffi mek some money off people's ideas...

But at least, we know we contributed in releasing this truth. And they cannot deny it too!

Lionese, are you taking note of our work? [Big Grin]
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
I bought this book in the Amazon kindle store two months ago. I read the first chapter but didn't have time to read the whole book. I need to schedule my time to read this book.
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
^Those are all new books lion, the authors likely plagiarized our work. Which is okay with me, as long as they mention where they got the material from.

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Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
MORE.


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These are all 2013 books.

I wouldn't doubt that these authors follow us here on ES.

Oh well, they say imitation is the sincerest form of flattery.

How about you Clyde, how do you feel about this?

 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Roman bronze bust of youth

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Roman bronze bust of young man

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Balsamarium of Antinous

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Roman Balsamarium
 
Posted by Clyde Winters (Member # 10129) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
MORE.


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These are all 2013 books.

I wouldn't doubt that these authors follow us here on ES.

Oh well, they say imitation is the sincerest form of flattery.

How about you Clyde, how do you feel about this?

I agree they probably are using material from Egyptsearch. I am glad they are publishing the material so people can know what's out there.

I wanted to write on these themes but I don't know how to put the material in a coherent order and tell this history in a easy and understandable form. The material published here on Ancient Egypt: Egptsearch concerning Blacks in Europe is overwhelming. And to believe that it all began with you and Marc discussing the fact that modern Europeans did not enter Europe before 1000 BC.

I am old fashion I like to read a paper book. The good thing about Kindle publishers is the everything is electronic. As a result, the average book with many illustrations in print form might sale for over $50-100+, you can sale the same book for less than $10 as an e-book.

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Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Clyde Winters:
I wanted to write on these themes but I don't know how to put the material in a coherent order and tell this history in a easy and understandable form.

Ya, that's the way I feel about MKs work. It needs to be arranged into an understandable coherent form, but I don't understand it well enough to do it, and he has ignored my suggestions to do it himself.
 
Posted by DHDoxies (Member # 19701) on :
 
Sorry Ironcocksucker, but just as I suspected none of those books were authored by Whites. They were all written by White people hating,Anti-White, Black racist, Black supremacists such as yourself & your Whitey hating ilk (Clyde, Xyyboy, Mike, Marc, Typezeiss, Zarahan, Kikuyu, Mena7, KING, Narmer, Nontruthhitman, Bonampak). More than likely other Black racist Whitey hating, Black supremacists are the only ones who will even look at them & well maybe some self hating WINOs as well.
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
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lol, no comment
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by DHDoxies:
Sorry Ironcocksucker, but just as I suspected none of those books were authored by Whites. They were all written by White people hating,Anti-White, Black racist, Black supremacists such as yourself & your Whitey hating ilk (Clyde, Xyyboy, Mike, Marc, Typezeiss, Zarahan, Kikuyu, Mena7, KING, Narmer, Nontruthhitman, Bonampak). More than likely other Black racist Whitey hating, Black supremacists are the only ones who will even look at them & well maybe some self hating WINOs as well.

I couldn't find a picture of any of them, so how do you know that they are Black?
 
Posted by IronLion (Member # 16412) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by DHDoxies:
Sorry Ironcocksucker, but just as I suspected none of those books were authored by Whites. They were all written by White people hating,Anti-White, Black racist, Black supremacists such as yourself & your Whitey hating ilk (Clyde, Xyyboy, Mike, Marc, Typezeiss, Zarahan, Kikuyu, Mena7, KING, Narmer, Nontruthhitman, Bonampak). More than likely other Black racist Whitey hating, Black supremacists are the only ones who will even look at them & well maybe some self hating WINOs as well.

Raph my boi, Gert Mueller sounds like another pink boi just like you. We will soon confirm it..
 
Posted by DHDoxies (Member # 19701) on :
 
Mike, well how many Whites do you know of with a name like Anu M'Bantu (both names being tribes in Africa) LOL, I KNOW that that Al-Amin dude IS Black as I found his FB Page, that Muller dude could very well be a WINO but until I find out otherwise, I will dub him Black & even if he is White he's a fricking Anti-White self hating WINO & a Black booty kisser which makes him worse than you & your ilk. Anyhow know White person would be caught dead reading those books except for WINOs. Therefore only Anti-White Black racists like yourself & self hating, no testicles having, Anti-White WINOs are the only ones who will read them.
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
^Thank you for explaining that to me Doxie.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Lioness : lol, no comment

Mena : Lioness Those Two balsamarium faces and hairs are similar to the faces and hairs of The Fulanis, Somalians, Amharas, Oromos, Tebus, Garamantes,Nubians Moors, Sanhajas people of Africa.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Author GJK Campbell prove that the classical civilizations of Rome and Greece were created by Africans.

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This book arose from Graham Campbell-Dunn's research into Minoan Linear A. See his Who Were the Minoans? (2006). The syllabic sign system used on prehistoric Crete, he discovered, was related to the systems of pictographs found by Marçel Griaule in the Sudan, but also to Egyptian Hieroglyphics. Cretan customs, such as bulljumping, turned out also to have African parallels. Bullfighting took the author to Spain, Greece, Rome, and early India. Wherever bullfighting occurred other African practices such as phallic cults, mysterious mounds (sometimes with breasts) and mask festivals were found. The problem regarding the red flesh of Minoan men, but white flesh of their women on the wall paintings was explained by the Bantu practice of whiting females at puberty. Not only the Minoan language but also Basque and Etruscan show basic vocabulary that is Niger-Congo and all have African hand-based numerals: IIII "four" (fingers), = "tens" (two arms). Even Greek, Latin and Sanskrit showed strong African linguistic connections. See the author's Comparative Linguistics: Indo-European and Niger-Congo (2006) for a demonstration. Particularly important was the discovery that prominent placenames in the Aegean and Mediterranean came from Africa. Bari and Como are obvious examples, as are Phaistos and Paestum (African Bai, Vai, Pai). The widespread placename Minoa was evidently called after the Nigerian fertility goddess Minona. The author concluded that King Minos of Crete had been invented by the mythographers. In more remote regions such as Sardinia, the Greek Islands, and Troy vestiges were found of African influence. The conclusion that the Greek and Roman Classics came out of Africa, became incontrovertible. Herodotus proved a valuable source and guide in investigating the preclassical civilisations. A map on the back cover of the book shows the World of Herodotus, and the diverse nations and tribes known to him. This book pa


Who were the Minoans
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Click this link to read a review of Who were the Minoans? This book applies archaeology, anthropology, comparative linguistics and genetics to the problem of Minoan origins. The evidence of all these disciplines leads to the same conclusion. The Minoans of ancient Crete were red men, like the Fulani, and lived in elaborate palaces with rain-courts, or impluvia, like the Yoruba. A genetic link between the Greeks on the one hand, and the Fulani and Mossi, has now been established. The Fulani and Yoruba share similar blood groups. The Minoans worshipped the African fertility goddess Minona, from whom they take their name. The Linear A documents from prehistoric Crete are written in an African sign system, and can be read as a Niger-Congo language of the Kwa group. The book includes translations of selected clay tablets and other documents from Haghia Triada, Knossos and other Minoan sites

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Les Racines Bantoues du latin, The Bantu Roots of Latin.

this book show that the Latin language come from the kikongo and Linguala languages.

Le latin est la langue par excellence de la culture européenne. Démontrer qu'en amont cette langue a emprunté des mots essentiels --vie, passion, ambulance, salaire, monde-- du Bantou (famille de langues négro-africaines), c'est ouvrir une fenêtre inédite dans l'histoire commune de deux continents: l'Afrique et l'Europe. C'est en même temps reposer la question des migrations des populations bantoues qui demeure, de nos jours encore, un mystère.
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by mena7:
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Lioness : lol, no comment

Mena : Lioness Those Two balsamarium faces and hairs are similar to the faces and hairs of The Fulanis, Somalians, Amharas, Oromos, Tebus, Garamantes,Nubians Moors, Sanhajas people of Africa.

only ?
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
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Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
Mena7 - Please note the condition of the Bronzes that I posted. You will note that they are all highly corroded and damaged. That is how to tell the difference between "Real" bronze statues and the Fakes that the Albino people manufacture to make us believe that Greeks and Romans were Albinos like them.

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Knowing that we are on to them, sometimes the Albino people will make their statues with "Fake Weathering" like the bust above.


Here is how they do it.

http://www.sciencecompany.com/Creating-Patinas-On-Brass-Bronze-and-Copper-W158.aspx
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:


REAL statues are cleaned only to the "MINIMUM" as it effects authenticity and removes layers of good material.


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quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
Mena7 - Please note the condition of the Bronzes that I posted. You will note that they are all highly corroded and damaged.That is how to tell the difference between "Real" bronze statues and the Fakes

Now compare it to the fakes below:

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Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
The finish will remain stable as long as the sculpture is kept indoors and dry. In the outdoors, with exposure to rain or moisture copper and bronze objects will typically take on a green patina


http://www.howtocleanstuff.net/how-to-clean-bronze/

How to Clean Bronze

Bronze is a copper alloy (combination of copper and tin) and when exposed to air and moisture, it will develop a greenish layer of build-up on its surface. This greenish coating is known as patina. While this darkened finish does add character to the bronze, some consider it unsightly, and would prefer their bronze to look clean and shiny.

There are two basic homemade polishes you can use to clean and polish your bronze. Using either method will help you safely remove the patina on your bronze pieces and restore their luster and shine. Both methods are equally as effective, so the choice is yours.

What You Will Need:

Warm water

Clean towel

Small dish

Soft cotton polishing cloths (smaller size)

Distilled white vinegar

Flour

Salt

Rubber gloves (optional)

Clean that Bronze:
Rinse your bronze items in warm water and dry thoroughly. This will safely remove any dust and/or particles that may hamper your polishing efforts.
In a small dish, combine equal parts flour and salt.
Add white vinegar to the flour/salt mixture, using a few drops at a time until a soft paste forms (should be the consistency of toothpaste).
Apply the paste to your bronze item using your hands (with the rubber gloves) or with a small polishing cloth.
With a polishing cloth, rub the paste onto the item using small circular motions. This is the key removal step and you may have to rub repeatedly until the desired effect is reached.
When cleaning come to the realization Mike is stupid.
Then allow the paste to stay on the item for 20 to 30 minutes.
Rinse the item thoroughly with warm water to remove the paste and buff dry with a clean towel.
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
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quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:

Knowing that we are on to them, sometimes the Albino people will make their statues with "Fake Weathering" like the bust above.


Here is how they do it.

http://www.sciencecompany.com/Creating-Patinas-On-Brass-Bronze-and-Copper-W158.aspx [/QB]

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Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
Lioness, you have to be the stupidest bitch on the planet.

REAL statues are cleaned only to the "MINIMUM" as it effects authenticity and removes layers of good material.

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Victorious Youth (The Getty Bronze)


Greek, 300 - 100 B.C.
Bronze
59 5/8 x 27 9/16 x 11 in.
77.AB.30


A naked youth stands with his weight on his right leg, crowning himself with a wreath, probably olive. The olive wreath was the prize for a victor in the Olympic Games and identifies this youth as a victorious athlete. The eyes of the figure were originally inlaid with colored stone or glass paste and the nipples were inlaid with copper, creating naturalistic color contrasts.

Found in the sea in international waters, this statue is one of the few life-size Greek bronzes to have survived; as such, it provides much information on the technology of ancient bronze casting. The origin of the statue is unknown, but either Olympia or the youth's hometown is possible. Romans probably carried the statue off from its original location during the first century B.C. or A.D., when Roman collecting of Greek art was at its height. The Roman ship carrying it may have foundered, preserving the statue for centuries in the sea.
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:


REAL statues are cleaned only to the "MINIMUM" as it effects authenticity and removes layers of good material.


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statue found underwater,
encrusted with barnacles


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quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
Mena7 - Please note the condition of the Bronzes that I posted. You will note that they are all highly corroded and damaged.That is how to tell the difference between "Real" bronze statues and the Fakes

Now compare it to the fakes below:

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Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
Lioness just STOP.

You are obviously too fuching stupid to understand the subject. All you're doing is messing up the thread.


For all others - Click here for an Article by the U.S. General Services Administration on Bronze corrosion.

http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/111994
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
^^^ and the lies and buffoonery continue
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
Here is another Albino fake:


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From Wikipedia:

The Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius is an ancient Roman statue, made of bronze and stands 4.2m tall. The statue was erected in 175 CE. Its original location is debated: the Roman Forum and Piazza Colonna (where the Column of Marcus Aurelius stands) have been proposed.

Although there were many equestrian imperial statues, they rarely survived because it was practice to melt down bronze statues for reuse as coin or new sculptures in the late empire. Statues were also destroyed because medieval Christians thought that they were pagan idols. The statue of Marcus Aurelius was not melted down because in the Middle Ages it was incorrectly thought to portray the first Christian Emperor Constantine. Indeed, it is the only fully surviving bronze statue of a pre-Christian Roman emperor.

In the medieval era it was one of the few Roman statues to remain on public view. In the 8th century it stood in the Lateran Palace in Rome, from where it was relocated in 1538 to the Piazza del Campidoglio (Capitoline Hill) during Michelangelo's redesign of the Hill. Though he disagreed with its central positioning, he designed a special pedestal for it. The original is on display in the Palazzo dei Conservatori of the Musei Capitolini, while a replica has replaced it in the square.


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Unfortunately the statue is a Fake! "REAL" bronzes do not weather and age like that. The statue stood outside for several centuries, so surely the gold paint would have long ago corroded off (Greeks and Romans always "Painted" their statues), and the bronze underneath would have corroded and pitted.
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
Now compare it to the fakes below:

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Stupid bitch, the statue of the Greek mulatto charioteer IS DAMAGED by weathering and aging.


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Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
surely the gold paint would have long ago corroded off

A LIE purported by an ignoramus

and it's gold plating not paint fool, do some research before you say something stupid
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:


Knowing that we are on to them, sometimes the Albino people will make their statues with "Fake Weathering" like the bust above.


Here is how they do it.

http://www.sciencecompany.com/Creating-Patinas-On-Brass-Bronze-and-Copper-W158.aspx [/QB]

Mike contradicts himself so often it's sad


quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
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quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:

the statue of the Greek mulatto charioteer IS DAMAGED by weathering and aging.

quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
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(barnacle encusted statue found underwatrer)

REAL statues are cleaned only to the "MINIMUM"


Mike is stupid from a variety of perspectives
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Mike111

Here is another Albino fake:



quote:
Originally posted by IronLion:
Philosopher King Emperor Marcus Aurelius

Regard the curly locks and beards...imagine the
dark olive skin of a true olive

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[Big Grin] All hailed the Black Emperor of Rome! [Big Grin]

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" she beat up Mike again"
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
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Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
^^^ total stupidity

He is comparing the statue of Marcus Aurelius which has a typical patina

to a statue that was underwater for centuries, when found covered in barnacles and had a massive restoration
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Mike gtes dumber in each post
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
^They don't have the same look - do they!
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
Bronze has good resistance to:

1. Industrial, rural and marine atmospheres

2. Weak acids if suitably shielded with appropriate protective coatings.


Bronze has poor resistance to:

1. Ammonia

2. Ferric and ammonia compounds

3. Cyanides

4. Urban pollution

5. Acid rains

6. Bird droppings

The statue was outdoors for hundreds of years.



http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/111994
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:


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^^^ mena and Iron forget that fake stuff, according to Mike this is what the Greeks really looked like
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by mena7:

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recap, a true Black Roman
(a bit older aged than the previous Greek man)
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:


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^^^ mena and Iron forget that fake stuff, according to Mike this is what the Greeks really looked like
You stupid lying bitch, at what point did I suggest that "ALL" members of Greek society were Black?

In his description of the Hellenes, Herodotus makes it clear that the White ones were foreigners.

[1.58] The Hellenic race has never, since its first origin, changed its speech. This at least seems evident to me. It was a branch of the Pelasgic, which separated from the main body, and at first was scanty in numbers and of little power; but it gradually spread and increased to a multitude of nations, chiefly by the voluntary entrance into its ranks of numerous tribes of barbarians. The Pelasgi, on the other hand, were, as I think, a barbarian race which never greatly multiplied.
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:


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^^^ mena and Iron forget that fake stuff, according to Mike this is what the Greeks really looked like
You stupid lying bitch, at what point did I suggest that "ALL" members of Greek society were Black?

In his description of the Hellenes, Herodotus makes it clear that the White ones were foreigners.

[1.58] The Hellenic race has never, since its first origin, changed its speech. This at least seems evident to me. It was a branch of the Pelasgic, which separated from the main body, and at first was scanty in numbers and of little power; but it gradually spread and increased to a multitude of nations, chiefly by the voluntary entrance into its ranks of numerous tribes of barbarians. The Pelasgi, on the other hand, were, as I think, a barbarian race which never greatly multiplied.

Mike, the quote here doesn't support your stupid interpretation.
It says nothing about whites or blacks. STOP LYING

It says:

The Pelasgi, on the other hand, were, as I think, a barbarian race
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
^Ignorant Cow, the Pelasgians and Minyans were the original (Black) people of Greece.
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
^Ignorant Cow, the Pelasgians and Minyans were the original (Black) people of Greece.

where is your written source saying they were black asshole?

where is the Heroditus comment saying they looked like Aethiops or the like ?

read idiot:

[1.58] The Hellenic race has never, since its first origin, changed its speech. This at least seems evident to me. It was a branch of the Pelasgic, which separated from the main body,


Herodotus flip flops all over the paragraph, doesn't know wtf, some old white dude freestyling
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
Don't be dense lioness, you sound like one of those young Africans. Sure Albino historians/translators will allow racial identifications.

Dumb bitch, haven't you noticed that there is RARELY any mention of race in Albino history. BLACKS OUTSIDE OF AFRICA DIDN'T EXIST UNTIL THE SLAVE TRADE!!!!

Ha,ha,ha,ha:
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
you're low class
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
you're low class

You must be channeling U.S. conservatives, accuse others of what you are guilty of.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Black roman priest of Isis

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Bust of black Roman with corkscrew curls

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Black Roman doing the as above so below sign

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Black Roman fisherman Louvre museum

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Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
To me, spotting Albino fakes is very important.

The Museo archeologico statale Gaio Cilnio Mecenate has a collection of authentic ancient Bronzes showing "NORMAL" weathering.


http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ancient_Roman_bronzes_in_the_Museo_archeologico_statale_Gaio_Cilnio_Mecenate


Athens - Stoà of Attalus Museum - Aphodite

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:3309_-_Athens_-_Sto%C3%A0_of_Attalus_Museum_-_Aphodite_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,_Nov_9_2009.jpg
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
Example from the Museo archeologico statale Gaio Cilnio Mecenate:

THIS IS WHAT AN ANCIENT WEATHERED BRONZE SHOULD LOOK LIKE.

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Suppose to be Portrait of Trebonianus Gallus

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Suppose to be Bronze head of Tiberius


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Lioness can you explain why the Bronzes of these White people look like they were made YESTERDAY?

He,he,he,he:

Because figuratively speaking: THEY WERE!!!!

 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
^For those of you who say: Ya Mike111, those White people Bronzes don't look as weathered as the Black ones, but they do look somewhat old and weathered, why is that?

Well here is the Albinos secret.

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B/OX 311 Antiquing Solution for Copper, Brass & Bronze. Only $117.50 per gallon.
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
^^^ Mike this is retard level bullshit and you are doing no research.


An original bronze bust of a Roman emperor kept indoors is more likely to be produced with a higher quality finish
could have been kept indoors and more likely cleaned and better maintained by the Romans and their descendants


The aesthetic about not cleaning statues is a modern concept

Further,
a balsamarium (often a small in size) is a storage container for things like perfume. It is not a portrait of a real person. sometimes a god or mythological charatcter is depicted. It is not as likely to be as well maintained as an emperor you witless buffoon

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this is actual reference on ancient bronzes not a silly fool posting pictures of antiquing products for $117 per gallon
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
Ha,Ha,Ha,Ha,Ha: That's a good one: For 2,000 years they were kept in somebody's PARLOR.

You stupid degenerate piece of Sh1t, only you would be so incredibly stupid as to say such a thing.


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According to this source, It was recovered from the sea, in the area between Euboea and the Island of Aghios Eustratios.


http://www.romanemperors.com/augustus.htm
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
Knowing that Lioness has a short attention span, I thought it a good idea to post this reminder of what a Bronze statue taken out of the Sea and restored looks like.

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quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
Lioness, you have to be the stupidest bitch on the planet.

REAL statues are cleaned only to the "MINIMUM" as it effects authenticity and removes layers of good material.

 -


 -


 -


Victorious Youth (The Getty Bronze)


Greek, 300 - 100 B.C.
Bronze
59 5/8 x 27 9/16 x 11 in.
77.AB.30


A naked youth stands with his weight on his right leg, crowning himself with a wreath, probably olive. The olive wreath was the prize for a victor in the Olympic Games and identifies this youth as a victorious athlete. The eyes of the figure were originally inlaid with colored stone or glass paste and the nipples were inlaid with copper, creating naturalistic color contrasts.

Found in the sea in international waters, this statue is one of the few life-size Greek bronzes to have survived; as such, it provides much information on the technology of ancient bronze casting. The origin of the statue is unknown, but either Olympia or the youth's hometown is possible. Romans probably carried the statue off from its original location during the first century B.C. or A.D., when Roman collecting of Greek art was at its height. The Roman ship carrying it may have foundered, preserving the statue for centuries in the sea.


 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
The Croatian Apoxyomenos

Before and after restoration


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In 1996, a diver found a large bronze statue lying at a depth of 45 meters off the Croatian island of Lošinj, in the Adriatic Sea. It was found In an exceptional state of preservation yet required seven years of extremely extensive conservation and restoration The statue is thought to be a Hellenistic or Roman replica after a bronze original. Samples of these materials were dated to between the 1st century BC and the 2nd century AD (20 BC - AD 110). anayzed by Croatian archeologists and restored by experts of the Musei Civici (Como, Italy) and the Botanical Institute of the Faculty of Science, Zagreb University.


In other words Mike is stupid


.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Wow the Italian restaurateur transformed the statue of mulato or black Roman into a modern white European. The noses, jaws and hairs of the statue before and after restoration are different.

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Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
^Ah, quite excellent mena7, you have learned your lesson well.

Albinos and their mulattoes like lioness, can't help but lie, it's their nature. So we must always be vigilant, and double-check whatever they say.
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
^For those of you who may not have as good an eye as mena7, do this:

Look on the right side, notice the relationship between the ear and the hair.

On the fake restoration, the hair sticks out "farther" (is bigger) than on the crud encrusted original.
Sorry lioness, that's not psychically possible.
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
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quote:
Originally posted by mena7:
Wow the Italian restaurateur transformed the statue of mulato or black Roman into a modern white European. The noses, jaws and hairs of the statue before and after restoration are different.


mena this has a thick layer of barnacles and crud from being hunderds of years under the sea
Please dont be silly you can't tell anything about it in this condition

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^^this is a ship anchor covered in an old crust of dead barnacles, you can see the growth of this crust is irregular and uneven
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
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stop the lies Mike, thanks
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
Rather than posting new picture lioness, please try to answer the observation.


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Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
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Look at my corrected version here.
There is a tiny bit of the unrestored version chin that goes under that thin blue line, That's right some of the crust goes below.
What Mike did is he had that right photo moved up more. When it is moved up, the eye sockets and other points don't line up - and the top of the restored version has simply been placed higher by Mike in his version so that it appears the hair is higher than the unrestired version but as we can see it's not. And if you move it ups slightly it's on the same top line anyway, another lil Mikey fail
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
Ha,ha,ha,ha:

Damn you're stupid!

You're using HORIZONTAL lines to solve a problem in the VERTICAL axis.


DAMN YOU'RE STUPID!!!!


BTW you idiot, didn't you notice that in your own graphic the length of the nose is not the same - the nose on the crud encrusted head is SHORTER in relation to your line!
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
retard a vertical axis is measured by horizontals


you are on a very child like mental level
and have gotten debaunked six times already
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
^The words "hopelessly Stupid comes to mind.
Lioness, do us all a favor, stay out of the conversation.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Black and Mulato Roman Gods and Goddess.

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Roman bronze God Hermes, Anatolia, 2cent CE.

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Roman bronze Pan playing a syrinx 1-2 cent CE

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Roman bronze Artemis

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Roman bronze Selene 1 cent CE

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Roman bronze Mars ultor

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Roman bronze bust of Cybele

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Roman Bronze Apollo with Omphallos 1 and 2 cent CE

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Roman Bronze Minerva 1-2 cent CE.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Black and Mulato Roman Gods Goddesses.
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Roman Egypt bronze Ithiphallic youth 1-2 cent CE

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Roman Celtic bronze zeus with thunderbolt

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Roman bronze Poseidon 1-2 cent CE

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Roman bronze Aphrodite with apple 1 cent CE

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Roman bronze nude Aphrodite 1 cent

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Roman bronze Minerva 2-3 cent CE

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Roman bronze Mithras 1 cent CE

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Roman Galla bronze Rosmerta or Maia 2 cent CE.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Black and mulato Romans.

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Consul Lucius Junius Brutus. Probably a black Roman with East African face and straight hair similar to the Tebu, Garamante, Touareg, Fulani Abyssinian and Somalian.
Lucius Junius Brutus was the founder of the Roman Republic and traditionally one of the first consuls in 509 BC. He was claimed as an ancestor of the Roman gens Junia, including Decimus Junius Brutus and Marcus Junius Brutus, the most famous of Julius Caesar's assassins

Prior to the establishment of the Roman Republic, Rome had been ruled by kings. Brutus led the revolt that overthrew the last king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, after the rape of the noblewoman (and kinswoman of Brutus) Lucretia at the hands of Tarquin's son Sextus Tarquinius. The account is from Livy's Ab urbe condita and deals with a point in the history of Rome prior to reliable historical records (virtually all prior records were destroyed by the Gauls when they sacked Rome under Brennus in 390 BC or 387 BC).

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frizzy hair Marcus Brutus by Michelangelo
Marcus Junius Brutus (early June 85 BC – 23 October 42 BC), often referred to as Brutus, was a politician of the late Roman Republic. After being adopted by his uncle he used the name Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus, but eventually returned to using his original name.[1]

He is best known in modern times for taking a leading role in the assassination of Julius Caesar


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Black phenotype Brutus bust by Michelangelo

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[IMG]The first phase, sometimes referred to as the Diarchy ("rule of two"), involved the designation of the general Maximian as co-emperor—firstly as Caesar (junior emperor) in 285, followed by his promotion to Augustus in 286. Diocletian took care of matters in the Eastern regions of the Empire while Maximian similarly took charge of the Western regions. In 293, feeling more focus was needed on both civic and military problems, Diocletian, with Maximian's consent, expanded the imperial college by appointing two Caesars (one responsible to each Augustus)—Galerius and Constantius Chlorus.[/IMG]

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Very black race looking head of Roman Emperor Diocletian.

Diocletian (Latin: Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus)[5][notes 1] (245–311)[4][6] was Roman emperor from 284 to 305. Born to a family of low status in the Roman province of Dalmatia, Diocletian rose through the ranks of the military to become cavalry commander to the Emperor Carus. After the deaths of Carus and his son Numerian on campaign in Persia, Diocletian was proclaimed emperor. The title was also claimed by Carus' other surviving son, Carinus, but Diocletian defeated him in the Battle of the Margus. Diocletian's reign stabilized the empire and marks the end of the Crisis of the Third Century. He appointed fellow officer Maximian as augustus, co-emperor, in 286.

Diocletian delegated further on 1 March 293, appointing Galerius and Constantius as caesars, junior co-emperors. Under this 'tetrarchy', or "rule of four", each emperor would rule over a quarter-division of the empire. Diocletian secured the empire's borders and purged it of all threats to his power. He defeated the Sarmatians and Carpi during several campaigns between 285 and 299, the Alamanni in 288, and usurpers in Egypt between 297 and 298. Galerius, aided by Diocletian, campaigned successfully against Sassanid Persia, the empire's traditional enemy. In 299 he sacked their capital, Ctesiphon. Diocletian led the subsequent negotiations and achieved a lasting and favorable peace. Diocletian separated and enlarged the empire's civil and military services and reorganized the empire's provincial divisions, establishing the largest and most bureaucratic government in the history of the empire. He established new administrative centers in Nicomedia, Mediolanum, Antioch, and Trier, closer to the empire's frontiers than the traditional capital at Rome had been. Building on third-century trends towards absolutism, he styled himself an autocrat, elevating himself above the empire's masses with imposing forms of court ceremonies and architecture. Bureaucratic and military growth, constant campaigning, and construction projects increased the state's expenditures and necessitated a comprehensive tax reform. From at least 297 on, imperial taxation was standardized, made more equitable, and levied at generally higher rates.

Not all of Diocletian's plans were successful: the Edict on Maximum Prices (301), his attempt to curb inflation via price controls, was counterproductive and quickly ignored. Although effective while he ruled, Diocletian's tetrarchic system collapsed after his abdication under the competing dynastic claims of Maxentius and Constantine, sons of Maximian and Constantius respectively. The Diocletianic Persecution (303–11), the empire's last, largest, and bloodiest official persecution of Christianity, did not destroy the empire's Christian community; indeed, after 324 Christianity became the empire's preferred religion under its first Christian emperor, Constantine.

In spite of his failures, Diocletian's reforms fundamentally changed the structure of Roman imperial government and helped stabilize the empire economically and militarily, enabling the empire to remain essentially intact for another hundred years despite being near the brink of collapse in Diocletian's youth. Weakened by illness, Diocletian left the imperial office on 1 May 305, and became the first Roman emperor to voluntarily abdicate the position (John VI retired to a monastery in the 14th century). He lived out his retirement in his palace on the Dalmatian coast, tending to his vegetable gardens. His palace eventually became the core of the modern-day city of Sp


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Roman Emperor Diocletian

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Roman Emperor Diocletian
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by mena7:
Black and mulato Romans.

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Consul Lucius Junius Brutus. Probably a black Roman with East African face and straight hair similar to the Tebu, Garamante, Touareg, Fulani Abyssinian and Somalian.
Lucius Junius Brutus was the founder of the Roman Republic and traditionally one of the first consuls in 509 BC. He was claimed as an ancestor of the Roman gens Junia, including Decimus Junius Brutus and Marcus Junius Brutus, the most famous of Julius Caesar's assassins



 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Roman Emperor Nero

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Roman Emperor Nero

The word Nero mean black in Italian. Maybe Nero was a black person with straight hair. most likely he was a mulato.

Nero (/ˈnɪəroʊ/; Latin: Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus;[1] 15 December 37 – 9 June 68)[2] was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius to become his heir and successor, and succeeded to the throne in 54 following Claudius' death.

Nero focused much of his attention on diplomacy, trade, and enhancing the cultural life of the Empire. He ordered theaters built and promoted athletic games. During his reign, the redoubtable general Corbulo conducted a successful war and negotiated peace with the Parthian Empire. His general Suetonius Paulinus crushed a revolt in Britain. Nero annexed the Bosporan Kingdom to the Empire and began the First Roman–Jewish War.

In 64 AD, most of Rome was destroyed in the Great Fire of Rome, which many Romans believed Nero himself had started in order to clear land for his planned palatial complex, the Domus Aurea. In 68, the rebellion of Vindex in Gaul and later the acclamation of Galba in Hispania drove Nero from the throne. Facing assassination, he committed suicide on 9 June 68 (the first Roman emperor to do so).[3] His death ended the Julio-Claudian Dynasty, sparking a brief period of civil wars known as the Year of the Four Emperors. Nero's rule is often associated with tyranny and extravagance.[4] He is known for many executions, including that of his mother,[5] and the probable murder by poison of his stepbrother Britannicus.

He is infamously known as the Emperor who "fiddled while Rome burned"[6] and as an early persecutor of Christians. He was known for having captured Christians to burn them in his garden at night for a source of light.[7] This view is based on the writings of Tacitus, Suetonius, and Cassius Dio, the main surviving sources for Nero's reign. Few surviving sources paint Nero in a favorable light.[8] Some sources, though, including some mentioned above, portray him as an emperor who was popular with the common Roman people, especially in the East.[9] Some modern historians question the reliability of ancient sources when reporting on Nero's tyrannical acts
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
The Flavian dynasty of the Roman Empire may have been a black dynasty.

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Emperor Vespasian

Vespasian (/vɛsˈpeɪʒiən/ or /vɛsˈpeɪziən/; Latin: Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus;[note 1] 17 November 9 – 23 June 79[1]) was Roman Emperor from AD 69 to AD 79. Vespasian founded the Flavian dynasty that ruled the Empire for a quarter century. Vespasian was from an equestrian family that rose into the senatorial rank under the Julio–Claudian emperors. Although he fulfilled the standard succession of public offices, and held the consulship in AD 51, Vespasian's renown came from his military success: he led the Roman invasion of Britain in 43[2] and subjugated Judaea during the Jewish rebellion of 66.[3]

While Vespasian besieged Jerusalem during the Jewish rebellion, emperor Nero committed suicide and plunged Rome into a year of civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors. After Galba and Otho perished in quick succession, Vitellius became the third emperor in April 69. The Roman legions of Roman Egypt and Judaea reacted by declaring Vespasian, their commander, emperor on 1 July 69.[4] In his bid for imperial power, Vespasian joined forces with Mucianus, the governor of Syria, and Primus, a general in Pannonia, leaving his son Titus to command the besieging forces at Jerusalem. Primus and Mucianus led the Flavian forces against Vitellius, while Vespasian took control of Egypt. On 20 December 69, Vitellius was defeated, and the following day Vespasian was declared Emperor by the Roman Senate. Vespasian dated his tribunician years from 1 July, substituting the acts of Rome's senate and people as the legal basis for his appointment with the declaration of his legions, and transforming his legions into an electoral college.[5]

Little information survives about the government during Vespasian's ten-year rule. He reformed the financial system at Rome after the campaign against Judaea ended successfully, and initiated several ambitious construction projects. He built the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known today as the Roman Colosseum. In reaction to the events of 68–69, Vespasian forced through an improvement in army discipline. Through his general Agricola, Vespasian increased imperial expansion in Britain. After his death in 79, he was succeeded by his eldest son Titus, thus becoming the first Roman Emperor to be directly succeeded by his own son[note 2] and establishing the Flavian dynasty

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Emperor Vespasian

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Emperor Vespasian

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Emperor Titus

Titus (Latin: Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus;[2] 30 December 39 – 13 September 81) was Roman Emperor from 79 to 81. A member of the Flavian dynasty, Titus succeeded his father Vespasian upon his death, thus becoming the first Roman Emperor to come to the throne after his own biological father.

Prior to becoming Emperor, Titus gained renown as a military commander, serving under his father in Judaea during the First Jewish-Roman War. The campaign came to a brief halt with the death of emperor Nero in 68, launching Vespasian's bid for the imperial power during the Year of the Four Emperors. When Vespasian was declared Emperor on 1 July 69, Titus was left in charge of ending the Jewish rebellion. In 70, he besieged and captured Jerusalem, and destroyed the city and the Second Temple. For this achievement Titus was awarded a triumph; the Arch of Titus commemorates his victory to this day.

Under the rule of his father, Titus gained notoriety in Rome serving as prefect of the Praetorian Guard, and for carrying on a controversial relationship with the Jewish queen Berenice. Despite concerns over his character, Titus ruled to great acclaim following the death of Vespasian in 79, and was considered a good emperor by Suetonius and other contemporary historians.

As emperor, he is best known for completing the Colosseum and for his generosity in relieving the suffering caused by two disasters, the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79 and a fire in Rome in 80. After barely two years in office, Titus died of a fever on 13 September 81. He was deified by the Roman Senate and succeeded by his younger brother Domitian

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Roman emperor Titus

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Roman Emperor Titus

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Roman Emperor Domitian

Emperor Domitian

Domitian (Latin: Titus Flavius Caesar Domitianus Augustus;[2] 24 October 51 – 18 September 96) was Roman emperor from 81 to 96. Domitian was the third and last emperor of the Flavian dynasty.

Domitian's youth and early career were largely spent in the shadow of his brother Titus, who gained military renown during the First Jewish-Roman War. This situation continued under the rule of his father Vespasian, who became emperor in 69 following the civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors. While Titus held a great many offices under the rule of his father, Domitian was left with honours but no responsibilities. Vespasian died in 79 and was succeeded by Titus, whose own reign came to an unexpected end when he was struck by a fatal illness in 81. The following day Domitian was declared Emperor by the Praetorian Guard, commencing a reign which lasted fifteen years – longer than any man who had ruled since Tiberius.[3]

As Emperor, Domitian strengthened the economy by revaluing the Roman coinage, expanded the border defenses of the Empire, and initiated a massive building program to restore the damaged city of Rome. Significant wars were fought in Britain, where his general Agricola attempted to conquer Caledonia (Scotland), and in Dacia, where Domitian was unable to procure a decisive victory against king Decebalus. Domitian's government exhibited totalitarian characteristics; he saw himself as the new Augustus, an enlightened despot destined to guide the Roman Empire into a new era of brilliance. Religious, military, and cultural propaganda fostered a cult of personality, and by nominating himself perpetual censor, he sought to control public and private morals. As a consequence, Domitian was popular with the people and army but considered a tyrant by members of the Roman Senate. According to Suetonius, he was the first Roman Emperor who had demanded to be addressed as dominus et deus (master and god).

Domitian's reign came to an end in 96 when he was assassinated by court officials. The same day he was succeeded by his advisor Nerva. After his death, Domitian's memory was condemned to oblivion by the Roman Senate, while senatorial authors such as Tacitus, Pliny the Younger and Suetonius published histories propagating the view of Domitian as a cruel and paranoid tyrant. Modern history has rejected these views, instead characterising Domitian as a ruthless but efficient autocrat whose cultural, economic and political program provided the foundation of the peaceful 2nd century

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Roman Emperor Domitian
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by mena7:
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Emperor Titus

Emanuele Ne Vunda (died 1608), also Antonio Emanuele Ne Vunda, or Antonio Emmanuele Funta, the ambassador from Congo, sent by the king of Congo Alvaro II to Pope Paul V in 1604–1608Ne-Vunda traveled through Brazil and Spain and only reached Rome on 3 January 1608, but he died two days later of illness.


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He,he,he,he:

Did anyone take the time to wonder why an African diplomat would be wearing the breast armor of a Roman Emperor?

Did anyone take the time to wonder why an African diplomat would be wearing European military gear?

Did anyone take the time to wonder why there would be a bust of an African diplomat in Europe who was only there for two days?

I always wonder how Negroes got so stupid that they would just believe whatever nonsense the Albinos tell them.
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
He,he,he,he,he:

The plot thickens.


The British Museum

Posthumous portrait of the Congolese ambassador to Rome, the African Antonius Emanuel, showing a bust in an oval above a skull, surrounded by an architectural frame with two allegorical figures on either side, and four historical scenes from his life, each with its own caption.

(Note that he is depicted wearing NORMAL European CIVILIAN clothing).


1608 Etching


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quote:


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.

Unless you believe that all Blacks look alike - It's not the same guy.

Please don't ask what the British museum is doing with Vatican artwork - last I heard, they don't sell. Just one Albino bullsh1t at a time please.

 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
The Severus dynasty of the Roman Empire was a black and mulato dynasty.

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roman Emperor Septimius Severus

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Roman Emperor Septimi Severus

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Roman Emperor Septimius Severus

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Roman Emperor Septimi Severus

Septimius Severus (Latin: Lucius Septimius Severus Augustus;[4] 11 April 145 – 4 February 211), also known as Severus, was Roman Emperor from 193 to 211. Severus was born in Leptis Magna in the province of Africa. As a young man he advanced through the cursus honorum—the customary succession of offices—under the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Severus seized power after the death of Emperor Pertinax in 193 during the Year of the Five Emperors.[5]

After deposing and killing the incumbent emperor Didius Julianus, Severus fought his rival claimants, the generals Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus. Niger was defeated in 194 at the Battle of Issus in Cilicia.[5] Later that year Severus waged a short punitive campaign beyond the eastern frontier, annexing the Kingdom of Osroene as a new province.[6] Severus defeated Albinus three years later at the Battle of Lugdunum in Gaul.[7]

After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged another brief, more successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacking their capital Ctesiphon in 197 and expanding the eastern frontier to the Tigris.[8] Furthermore, he enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea.[9] In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes; capturing their capital Garama and expanding the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern frontier of the empire.[10]

Late in his reign he travelled to Britain, strengthening Hadrian's Wall and reoccupying the Antonine Wall. In 208 he invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland), but his ambitions were cut short when he fell fatally ill in late 210.[11] Severus died in early 211 at Eboracum,[3] succeeded by his sons Caracalla and Geta. With the succession of his sons, Severus founded the Severan dynasty, the last dynasty of the empire before the Crisis of the Third Century.

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Roman Emperor Caracalla

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Roman Emperor Caracalla

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Emperor Caracalla

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Roman Emperor Caracalla

Caracalla (Latin: Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus;[1] 4 April 188 – 8 April 217) was Roman emperor of Punic and Syrian descent from 198 to 217. The eldest son of Septimius Severus, he reigned jointly with his father from 198 until Severus' death in 211. For a short time he then ruled jointly with his younger brother Geta until he had him murdered later in 211. Caracalla is remembered as one of the most notorious and unpleasant of emperors because of the massacres and persecutions he authorized and instigated throughout the Empire.[2][3]

Caracalla's reign was also notable for the Constitutio Antoniniana (also called the Edict of Caracalla or the Antonine Constitution), granting Roman citizenship to all freemen throughout the Roman Empire, which according to historian Cassius Dio, was done for the purposes of raising tax revenue. He is also one of the emperors who commissioned a large public bath-house (thermae) in Rome. The remains of the Baths of Caracalla are still one of the major tourist attractions of the Italian capital
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
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Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Severus Dynasty

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Roman Emperor Macrinus

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Roman Emperor Macrinus

Macrinus (Latin: Marcus Opellius Severus Macrinus Augustus;[1] ca. 165 – June 218), was Roman Emperor from 217 to 218. Macrinus was of Berber (Indigenous people of North Africa) descent and as a member of the equestrian class he became the first emperor who did not hail from the senatorial class.[2]

Macrinus was overthrown and executed in 218

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Roman Emperor Elagabal

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Roman Emperor Elagabal

Elagabalus (Latin: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus; c. 203 – 11 March 222), also known as Heliogabalus, was Roman Emperor from 218 to 222. A member of the Severan Dynasty, he was Syrian, the second son of Julia Soaemias and Sextus Varius Marcellus. In his early youth he served as a priest of the god Elagabal (in Latin, Elagabalus) in the hometown of his mother's family, Emesa. As a private citizen, he was probably named Sextus Varius Avitus Bassianus.[1] Upon becoming emperor he took the name Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus. He was called Elagabalus only after his death.

In 217, the emperor Caracalla was assassinated and replaced by his Praetorian prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus. Caracalla's maternal aunt, Julia Maesa, successfully instigated a revolt among the Third Legion to have her eldest grandson (and Caracalla's cousin), Elagabalus, declared emperor in his place. Macrinus was defeated on 8 June 218, at the Battle of Antioch. Elagabalus, barely fourteen years old, became emperor, initiating a reign remembered mainly for sexual scandal and religious controversy.

Later historians suggest Elagabalus showed a disregard for Roman religious traditions and sexual taboos. He replaced the traditional head of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter, with the deity of whom he was high priest, Elagabal. He forced leading members of Rome's government to participate in religious rites celebrating this deity, over which he personally presided. Elagabalus was married as many as five times, lavished favors on male courtiers popularly thought to have been his lovers, employed a prototype of whoopee cushions at dinner parties,[2][3] and was reported to have prostituted himself in the imperial palace. His behavior estranged the Praetorian Guard, the Senate, and the common people alike.

Amidst growing opposition, Elagabalus, just 18 years old, was assassinated and replaced by his cousin Alexander Severus on 11 March 222, in a plot formulated by his grandmother, Julia Maesa, and carried out by disaffected members of the Praetorian Guard

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Roman Emperor Alexander Severus

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Roman Empero Alexander severus

Severus Alexander (Latin: Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus;[1] 1 October 208 – 18 or 19 March 235) was Roman Emperor from 222 to 235. Alexander was the last emperor of the Severan dynasty. He succeeded his cousin Elagabalus upon the latter's assassination in 222, and was ultimately assassinated himself, marking the epoch event for the Crisis of the Third Century — nearly fifty years of civil wars, foreign invasion, and collapse of the monetary economy.

Alexander was the heir apparent to his cousin, the eighteen-year-old Emperor who had been murdered along with his mother by his own guards, who, as a mark of contempt, had their remains cast into the Tiber river.[2] He and his cousin were both grandsons of the influential and powerful Julia Maesa, who had arranged for Elagabalus' acclamation as emperor by the famous Third Gallic Legion. It was the rumor of Alexander's death that triggered the assassination of Elagabalus and his mother.[3]

As emperor, Alexander's peace time reign was prosperous. However militarily Rome was confronted with the rising Sassanid Empire. He managed to check the threat of the Sassanids, but when campaigning against Germanic tribes of Germania, Alexander attempted to bring peace by engaging in diplomacy and bribery. This apparently alienated many in the legions and led to a conspiracy to assassinate and replace him
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Funeral relief with the portrait of the black Gessii 30 BC Rome.

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Palermo head
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Flavian Dynasty women

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Emperor Titus wife Marcia Furnilla

Marcia Furnilla was a Roman noble woman that lived in the 1st century. Furnilla was the second and last wife of the future Roman Emperor Titus.


Family

Marcia Furnilla came from a noble and distinguished family. She was from the gens Marcia who were of plebeian status,[1] which claimed descent from Roman King Ancus Marcius. She was a daughter of Roman Senator Quintus Marcius Barea Sura and Antonia Furnilla. Her sister was Marcia, the mother of Ulpia Marciana and of future Roman Emperor Trajan. Her father was a friend to future Roman Emperor Vespasian (who was Titus' father) and her paternal uncle was the senator Quintus Marcius Barea Soranus, while her paternal cousin was the noble woman Marcia Servilia Sorana. Furnilla's paternal grandfather was Quintus Marcius Barea, who was Suffect consul in 26 and was twice Proconsul of the Africa Province, while her maternal grandfather could have been Aulus Antonius Rufus, a Suffect consul either in 44 or 45.

Life

Marcia Furnilla was born and raised in Rome. She married Titus, widowed from his first marriage, in 63. The marriage between Titus and Furnilla was an arranged one.

This marriage for Titus was an influential one and promoted his political career. Suetonius describes Furnilla as a "very well-connected" woman. On September 17, 64, Furnilla bore Titus a daughter, Flavia Julia Titi or Julia Flavia in Rome.

Like Titus' first marriage, this one was short. Furnilla's family was connected to the opponents of Roman Emperor Nero and after the failure of the Pisonian conspiracy in 65, they were disfavored by the Emperor. Titus didn't want to be connected with any potential plotters and ended his marriage to Furnilla, but continued raising their daughter.

The fate of Furnilla afterwards is unknown. After her death, she was placed along with her mother in the mausoleum of Gaius Sulpicius Platorinus - a magistrate at the time of the first Roman Emperor Augustus - and his sister Sulpicia Platorina in Rome.


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Marcia Furnilla

Marcia Furnilla

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Maybe Marcia Furnilla

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Titus daughter Princess Julia Flavia

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Princess Julia Flavia

Flavia Julia Titi (13 September 64 – 91) was the daughter and only child to Emperor Titus from his second marriage to the well-connected Marcia Furnilla. Her parents divorced when Julia was an infant, due to her mother's family being connected to the opponents of Roman Emperor Nero. In 65, after the failure of the Pisonian conspiracy, the family of Marcia Furnilla was disfavored by Nero. Julia's father, Titus considered that he didn't want to be connected with any potential plotters and ended his marriage to Marcia Furnilla. Julia was raised by her father. Julia had been born in Rome and Titus conquered Jerusalem on Julia's sixth birthday.

When growing up, Titus offered her in marriage to his brother Domitian, but he refused because of his infatuation with Domitia Longina. Later she married her second paternal cousin T. Flavius Sabinus, brother to consul T. Flavius Clemens, who married her first cousin Flavia Domitilla. By then Domitian had seduced her.

When her father and husband died, in the words of Dio, Domitian:
"lived with [her] as husband with wife, making little effort at concealment. Then upon the demands of the people he became reconciled with Domitia, but continued his relations with Julia nonetheless."[1]
Juvenal condemns this liaison as follows:
"Such a man was that adulterer [i.e. Domitian] who, after lately defiling himself by a union of the tragic style, revived the stern laws that were to be a terror to all men – ay, even to Mars and Venus – just as Julia was relieving her fertile womb and giving birth to abortions that displayed the likeness of her uncle."[2]
Becoming pregnant, Julia died of what was rumored (though unlikely) to be a forced abortion. Julia was deified and her ashes were later mixed and smoked with Domitian's by an old nurse secretly in the Temple of the Flavians
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Tombstone of black looking Gessi family. I don't think they were slave like the museum people are saying. I think they were black Romans.

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The tombstone of Gessii.

Marble. Ca. 50—20 B.C.
Inv. No. 37.100.
Boston, Museum of Fine Arts.

Description:
Roman marble funerary relief of Publius Gessius and his family.
Publius Gessius is at the center. On the left: Fausta Gessia, a former slave freed by Publius. Their son, P(ublius) Gessius Primus (also a freed slave) is portrayed on the right. According to the inscriptions, Fausta paid for the tomb out of Publius’s estate. Boston Museum of Fine Arts, inv. 37.100.
Dated by the museum: ca. 50—20 B.C.
GESSIA P(UBLI) L(IBERTA) FAVSTA•P(UBLIUS) GESSIVS P(UBLI) F(ILIUS) (TRIBU) ROM(ILIA)•P(UBLIUS) GESSIVS P(UBLI) L(IBERTUS) PRIMUS
“Fausta Gessia, freedwoman of Publius, Publius Gessius, son of Publius, of the Romilian tribe, Publius Gessius Primus, freedman of Publius.”
 
Posted by TheAfricaTNSY (Member # 21727) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by mena7:
Tombstone of black looking Gessi family. I don't think they were slave like the museum people are saying. I think they were black Romans.

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The tombstone of Gessii.

Marble. Ca. 50—20 B.C.
Inv. No. 37.100.
Boston, Museum of Fine Arts.

Description:
Roman marble funerary relief of Publius Gessius and his family.
Publius Gessius is at the center. On the left: Fausta Gessia, a former slave freed by Publius. Their son, P(ublius) Gessius Primus (also a freed slave) is portrayed on the right. According to the inscriptions, Fausta paid for the tomb out of Publius’s estate. Boston Museum of Fine Arts, inv. 37.100.
Dated by the museum: ca. 50—20 B.C.
GESSIA P(UBLI) L(IBERTA) FAVSTA•P(UBLIUS) GESSIVS P(UBLI) F(ILIUS) (TRIBU) ROM(ILIA)•P(UBLIUS) GESSIVS P(UBLI) L(IBERTUS) PRIMUS
“Fausta Gessia, freedwoman of Publius, Publius Gessius, son of Publius, of the Romilian tribe, Publius Gessius Primus, freedman of Publius.”

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Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
mena what happened to the Egyptian religion under Roman rule?
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
The Romans were influenced by the Egyptian religion. The goddess Isis was worshiped in Rome, Italy and Western Europe for thousand of years.

Christian Roman Emperors Theodosius in the 5 cent CE destroyed the Great Ancient Egyptian religion and the Mediterranean world ancient religion in order to imposed Roman Catholic Christianity on Egypt and the Mediterranean world. Roman Christianity was a tools for power, money and conquest.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Probably the Bust of a Roman Senator by Melchior Barthel. It was created in 1650 ,It is probably the copy of a Roman bust in private aka secret collection.

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Roman black generals or emperors by Melchior Barthel. It is probably the copy of two Roman busts in private collection

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Roman General or Emperor

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Roman general or Emperor

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Roman General or Emperor

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Roman Moorish General

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the Marriage of Theogene and Charicle by Workshop of Francoise de la Planche.

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I see the symbolism of black European nobles crowning the white European nobles as king and queen under the watch of the mulato or white Pope.

http://diasporicroots.tumblr.com/tagged/Afro+european+history
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Black Roman general

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So call bust of a black African by Nicolas Cordier a French artist working in Rome in the 17 cent CE. Probably the copy of the bust of a Roman noble, senator, general or Emperor.

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Black African Rome 1610

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Bust of black Roman with tight corkscrew curls

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Roman Emperor maximilian Daia/Daya

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Maximinus Daia/Daza

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Emperor Maximinus Daia

Maximinus II (Latin: Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus Daia Augustus; c. 20 November 270 – July or August 313), also known as Maximinus Daia or Maximinus Daza, was Roman Emperor from 308 to 313. He became embroiled in the Civil wars of the Tetrarchy between rival claimants for control of the empire, in which he was defeated by Licinius. A committed pagan, he engaged in one of the last persecutions of Christians

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Roman Emperor Gordian I
Gordian I (Latin: Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus;[5]c. 159 – 12 April 238) was Roman Emperor for one month with his son Gordian II in 238, the Year of the Six Emperors. Caught up in a rebellion against the Emperor Maximinus Thrax, he was defeated by forces loyal to Maximinus before committing suicide
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
I think the black Kushites, Egyptians and Canaanites created the first Mediterranean world civilizations. Later when the white people migrated to southern Europe they mixed with some of the black Mediterranean aka Southern European people creating a mulato aka light skin black race in Southern Europe.

Black Kushites, Canaanites and Africans created the civilizations of Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome and Carthage in the Mediterranean world. Later those black people mixed with white immigrants creating a mulato race in Rome/Italy and Greece. In the middle of the classical era the mulato people aka light skin black become the majority in Greece and Rome followed by black people and white people. I classify the mulato Greeks and Romans as black because they are the children and grand children of black people in two civilizations created by black people. Black people are the original people of this earth because of that the black blood come first, any mix people with black blood should be classify as black not white. The Mediterranean civilizations of Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece should be classify as black civilizations because they were created by black and the majority of the population were mulato and black. Other people will say Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece were multiracial civilizations created by black people.

The majority of today white Europeans or white blood entered Europe in the Central Asian barbarian invasions of the 6 cent CE. The Franks of France, the Alemanias of Germany, the Saxons of Germany and England, the Visigoths of Spain, the Lombards of Italy, the Angles of England, the slavs of Yugoslavia etc. The civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome were not white Europeans. The black blood is primordial because of that the mulato children of black people are black not white.

There was no racism in ancient time because the mulato and white people knew they were the descendants of black people. The Sol Invictus Roman Christian church under Emperor Theodosius and others destroyed the Library of Alexandria and all the Mediterranean world libraries to hide the origin of Christianity and the origin of the different so call races on earth. The Roman Catholic Church invented racism for colonial reason and slave exploitation reason.

Mulato and Black Romans from the Fayum cemetery in Egypt.

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Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Mulato or light skin black Fayum portrait of Ancient Romans. I think there are many pictures of dark skin black Romans but they are hidden.

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Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Carian Venus 100BC-400CE

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Roman soldier with helmet and cuirass

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Roman or Greek with Fulani Mohawk hairstyle. Call athlete 1BC to 1CE

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Roman Emperor with wooly hair and laurel 225-275 CE

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Black Roman Flavian period.
The style of this portrait, with its tightly coiled curls and thick hair over the ears, the individualized expression, and the absence of incision on the eyeballs, suggests that it was carved during the rule of one of the Flavian emperors: Vespasian, Titus, or Domitian (reigned AD 69-96).

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Roman Emperor with wooly hair 230-240 CE
This bust was probably carved several decades after the reign of Emperor Caracalla (reigned AD 211-17) and bears many similarities to that emperor's portrait type, which had an enormous influence on the private portraiture of the following generation. Caracalla's later portraits have animated expressions, and the head is often turned to his right, giving the impression of movement. This example imitates the emperor's image but has the individual's own distinct features. (The nose and ears are restored.)

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Black Roman senator 40 BC
During the Republic, men in power wanted their portraits to express the qualities they associated with leadership: experience, determination, practicality, and valor. Such an image tended to have a realistic appearance, with a direct gaze and heavily lined face

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Roman mulato woman 50 BC
The realism of the young woman's fleshy features and the detailed treatment of her elaborate hairstyle are typical of the late Republican period. The position of her head and the rough finish of the back suggest that she formed part of a group composition of family members decorating a tomb
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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http://www.beforebc.de/all_africa/index.html

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Black Roman Emperor or Senator

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Black Roman writer

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Roman balsamarium

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Syrian Balsamarium

http://realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Etruria_the_Etruscans_2.htm
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Said to be an Indian in Roman attire. Probably a brown Roman Emperor.

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Gold coin of Roman Emperor Justinian 1

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Sri Lanka imitation of 4 cent CE Roman coin

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Indian Emperor Augustus coin with fleshy mouth

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Faustina coin with fleshy mouth

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1 cent bc Indian coin of Indian ruler wearing Roman helmet or Roman ruler wearing Roman helmet.

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Indian Ocean trade route

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Roman_trade_and_relations

Roman trade with India (see also the spice trade and incense road) through the overland caravan routes via Anatolia and Persia, though at a relative trickle compared to later times, antedated the southern trade route via the Red Sea and monsoons which started around the beginning of the Common Era (CE) following the reign of Augustus and his conquest of Egypt in 30 BCE.[1]

The route so helped enhance trade between ancient states of India and Rome, that Roman politicians and historians are on record decrying the loss of silver and gold to buy silk to pamper Roman wives, and the southern route grew to eclipse and then totally supplant the overland trade route.[2]

Roman and Greek traders frequented the ancient Tamil country (present day Southern India) and Sri Lanka, securing trade with the seafaring Tamil states of the Pandyan, Chola and Chera dynasties and establishing trading settlements which secured trade with India by the Greco-Roman world since the time of the Ptolemaic dynasty[3] a few decades before the start of the Common Era and remained long after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.[4] As recorded by Strabo, Emperor Augustus of Rome received at Antioch an ambassador from a South Indian King called Pandyan of Dramira. The country of the Pandyas, Pandi Mandala, was described as Pandyan Mediterranea in the Periplus and Modura Regia Pandyan by Ptolemy.[5] They also outlasted Byzantium's loss of the ports of Egypt and the Red Sea[6] (ca. 639-645 CE) under the pressure of the Muslim conquests. Sometime after the sundering of communications between the Axum and Eastern Roman Empire in the 7th century, the Christian kingdom of Axum fell into a slow decline, fading into obscurity in western sources. It survived, despite pressure from Islamic forces, until the 11th century, when it was reconfigured in a dynastic squabble

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Roman_relations

Indo-Roman relations

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search





Roman maritime trade with India according to the Periplus Maris Erythraei, 1st century CE.
Indo-Roman relations began during the reign of the Roman Emperor Augustus (23 Sept. 63 BCE – 19 Aug. 14 CE). Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus was the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BCE until his death in 14 CE.

The presence of Romans in India and the relations between Rome and India are still generally little known or understood. Unfortunately, historians lack the sort of accounts or 'histories' written by contemporaries or near-contemporaries which they have for, say, the earlier conquests of Alexander in India, to provide us with some sort of overview. While we have quite extensive and spectacular literary, numismatic and archaeological evidence, it is difficult to assemble anything approaching a comprehensive picture of the relations between India and the Roman Empire. Instead, historians must build up a mosaic of many bits of evidence, mainly relating to the trade between them, and then try to 'connect the dots' to produce a plausible story

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Roman_relations

Sino-Roman relations were essentially indirect throughout the existence of both empires. The Roman Empire and Han China progressively inched closer in the course of the Roman expansion into the Ancient Near East and simultaneous Chinese military incursions into Central Asia. However, powerful intermediate empires such as the Parthians and Kushans kept the two Eurasian flanking powers permanently apart and mutual awareness remained low and knowledge fuzzy.

Only a few attempts at direct contact are known from records: In CE 97, the Chinese general Ban Chao unsuccessfully tried to send an envoy to Rome.[1][2] Several alleged Roman emissaries to China were recorded by ancient Chinese historians. The first one on record, supposedly from either the Roman emperor Antoninus Pius or the later emperor Marcus Aurelius, arrived in CE 166.[3][4]

The indirect exchange of goods on the land (the so-called silk road) and sea routes included Chinese silk and Roman glassware and high-quality cloth.[5]

In classical sources, the problem of identifying references to ancient China is exacerbated by the interpretation of the Latin term "Seres," whose meaning fluctuated and could refer to a number of Asian people in a wide arc from India over Central Asia to China.[6] In Chinese records, the Roman Empire came to be known as "Da Qin", Great Qin, apparently thought to be a sort of counter-China at the other end of the world.[7] According to Edwin G. Pulleyblank, the "point that needs to be stressed is that the Chinese conception of Da Qin was confused from the outset with ancient mythological notions about the far west

http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html

The Peoples of the West

from the Weilue 魏略
by Yu Huan 魚豢

A Third Century Chinese Account
Composed between 239 and 265 CE
Quoted in zhuan 30 of the Sanguozhi
Published in 429 CE

Draft English translation

by

John E. Hill

© September, 2004



“I was not born knowledgeable,
I am devoted to antiquity and am quick to seek knowledge.”

Kong Qiu 孔丘 (Confucius).
Lunyu, 7, 19.

Contents

Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction
About this Translation
About Fonts and Characters
About the Text
Translator’s Notes
About the Dating and Background of the Text
Background Reading
About Measurements and Administrative Divisions


The Text

Section 1. The Di Tribes
Section 2. The Zilu Tribes
Section 3. The Qiang Tribes
Section 4. The three main overland routes to the Western Regions
Section 5. The Southern Route
Section 6. The Kingdom of Linni (Lumbini)
Section 7. The Kingdom of Juli (the ‘Eastern Division’ of the Kushan Empire)
Section 8. The Kingdom of Panyue (Pandya)
Section 9. The Central Route
Section 10. Previous Misconceptions
Section 11. Da Qin (Roman territory/Rome)
Section 12. Products of Da Qin (Roman territory)
– Product List
Section 13. The Sea Route to Da Qin (Roman territory)
Section 14. Roman Dependencies
Section 15. The Kingdom of Zesan (Azania)
Section 16. The Kingdom of Lüfen (Leukê Komê or modern Al Wajh)
Section 17. The Kingdom of Qielan (Wadi Sirhan)
Section 18. The Kingdom of Xiandu (‘Aynūnah = Leukos Limên?)
Section 19. The Kingdom of Sifu (Petra)
Section 20. The Kingdom of Yuluo (Karak)
Section 21. The Kingdom of Siluo
Section 22. The Far West
Section 23. The New Route of the North
Section 24. The Kingdom of Northern Wuyi (Khujand)
Section 25. The Kingdoms of Liu, Yan, and Yancai (the Alans)
Section 26. The Kingdom of Hude
Section 27. The Kingdom of Jiankun (Khirgiz)
Section 28. The Kingdom of Dingling
Section 29. The Kingdom of Duanren (‘Pygmies’)
Section 30. The Author’s Comments

Abbreviations and Bibliography

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-third-century-china-saw-rome-a-land-ruled-by-minor-kings-3386550/?no-ist=


How Third-Century China Saw Rome, a Land Ruled by “Minor Kings”

Translations of a 3rd century Chinese text describe Roman life


By Colin Schultz

smithsonian.com
September 3, 2013


303 31 0 1 205 1 592


303 31 1 205 0 592



Tourists explore the Crescent Moon Spring along the historic Silk Road trade route. Photo: Wo Shing Au


When archaeologists work to understand an ancient civilization, they often use that civilization’s texts to get a clue as to how they saw themselves. But these people didn’t live in isolation. They traded; they invaded. They carried inventions and knowledge back and forth down the Silk Road, the Tea Road and Roman roads. They also, sometimes, wrote down what they thought of each other.

A few years ago, the University of Washington’s John E. Hill drafted an English copy of the Weilüe, a third century C.E. account of the interactions between the Romans and the Chinese, as told from the perspective of ancient China. “Although the Weilue was never classed among the official or ‘canonical’ histories, it has always been held in the highest regard by Chinese scholars as a unique and precious source of historical and geographical information,” says Hill.

The translated text gives a curious look at the way of life of third century Rome, a land ruled by “numerous minor kings.” The chronicle even comes with extensive directions on how to get there—go across the Indian Ocean, cut up to Egypt, duck through the Nile, sail across the Mediterranean (about six days) until you find yourself in Da Qin, the Roman Empire.

The text describes the organization of Roman society, and a list of the products they had on offer.


This country (the Roman Empire) has more than four hundred smaller cities and towns. It extends several thousand li in all directions. The king has his capital (that is, the city of Rome) close to the mouth of a river (the Tiber). The outer walls of the city are made of stone.

…The ruler of this country is not permanent. When disasters result from unusual phenomena, they unceremoniously replace him, installing a virtuous man as king, and release the old king, who does not dare show resentment.

The common people are tall and virtuous like the Chinese, but wear hu (‘Western’) clothes. They say they originally came from China, but left it.

They have always wanted to communicate with China but, Anxi (Parthia), jealous of their profits, would not allow them to pass (through to China).

Apparently, according to Yu Huan, the author of the Weilue, getting around ancient Rome was pretty dangerous:


The people (of these countries) are connected to each other. Every 10 li (4.2 km) there is a ting (relay shed or changing place), and every 30 li (12.5 km) there is a zhi (postal station). There are no bandits or thieves, but there are fierce tigers and lions that kill those travelling on the route. If you are not in a group, you cannot get through.

This was not the first translation of the Weilue, says Hill. The section on the Romans was previously translated back in 1885, with other sections coming after

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weilue
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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ROMAN BRONZE VICTORIA CIRCA 1ST CENTURY A.D.

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A ROMAN BRONZE VENUS GENETRIX CIRCA 1ST CENTURY A.D

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A ROMAN BRONZE ISIS-FORTUNA CIRCA LATE 1ST CENTURY B.C.-EARLY 1ST CENTURY A.D

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ROMAN BRONZE NUDE ISIS-APHRODITE, 1st century A.D

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Isis-Aphrodite Roman, 1st century BC- 1st century AD

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Etruscan bronze statuette of Athena - circa 4th c. BCE - at the Louvre Museum

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Statue of Artemis of Ephesus Marco Prins Naples, Museo archeologico nazionale
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Roman figurine of a woman dressed in a tunic with a Maeander pattern in the style of archaic Greek korai figures of the 6th century BCE produced between 1st century BCE - 1st century CE and found in Verona, Italy bronze
 
Posted by kdolo (Member # 21830) on :
 
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Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Nice find Kodlo Baseball player Prince Fielder looks like Hercules holding his club.
 
Posted by CelticWarrioress (Member # 19701) on :
 
Mena7, stupid White people hating, Black racist, Black supremacist, NO he does NOT look like Hercules, Whites are NOT from Central Asia. You White people haters need to stop trying to steal what rightfully belongs to others & find your own history in AFRICA. White children & White youth have a right to what belongs to them. They have a right to their history, their heritage, their identity, their homeland. They have a right to know who they are, where they come from, who their ancestors were, a right to knowledge of self & a right to be proud of who they are. Tell me Mena7 & Kdolo what did White children/youth ever do to you to make you hate them so much that you'd do such a thing to them as robbing them of said rights??
 
Posted by kdolo (Member # 21830) on :
 
Doxie. Stop.
 
Posted by CelticWarrioress (Member # 19701) on :
 
Kdolo, what you don't agree that White children have a right to their history, their heritage, their identity, their homeland??? You don't agree that White children have a right to know who they are, where they come from, who their ancestors were? You don't agree that White children have a right to knowledge of self & a right to be proud of who they are????
 
Posted by ausar (Member # 1797) on :
 
If you want to talk with Kdolo you will have to PM her.
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by kdolo:

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Hercules looking down at his son Telephus
 
Posted by ausar (Member # 1797) on :
 
Hey what happened to close up of Herakles' face?
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
see page 2, bottom
 
Posted by ausar (Member # 1797) on :
 
o i c now
you replaced it
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Clodius Macer

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Clodius Macer

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Clodius Macer

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Clodius Macer

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Clodius Macer

Lucius Clodius Macer was a legatus of the Roman Empire in Africa in the time of Nero. He revolted in May 68, cutting off the food supply of Rome, possibly at the instigation of Calvia Crispinilla. Although encouraged by Galba, Macer raised a legion Legio I Macriana liberatrix in addition to the Legio III Augusta that he already commanded, presumably raising suspicion that Macer also harbored imperial ambitions, and in October 68 Galba had him killed by the procurator Trebonius Garutianus. Papirus, the centurion of Mucianus, was implicated in his assassination.

He produced denarii which are extremely rare today. Only about 85 are known to exist, of which only 20 bear his portrait. It is interesting that he uses the formulaic abbreviation S C (senatus consulto) on his denarii, for this abbreviation otherwise had only rarely appeared on Roman silver coins since about 40 BC. We may take this and his decision to portray himself without a laurel wreath or a diadem as evidence that he wished to portray his revolt as being against Nero, not the senate.

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Pescenius Niger
Pescennius Niger (Latin: Gaius Pescennius Niger Augustus;[1] c. 135/140 – 194) was Roman Emperor from 193 to 194 during the Year of the Five Emperors. He claimed the imperial throne in response to the murder of Pertinax and the elevation of Didius Julianus, but was defeated by a rival claimant, Septimius Severus, and killed while attempting to flee from Antioch.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Said to be LATE HELLENISTIC OR ROMAN BRONZE HEAD OF AN AFRICAN CIRCA 1ST CENTURY B.C.-1ST CENTURY A.D. bUT REALLY A BLACK GREEK OR A BLACK ROMAN CITIZEN.
 
Posted by kdolo (Member # 21830) on :
 
Nice
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Statue of a Roman judge. İstanbul arkeoloji müzesi

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Grave stele of Phousinia Mermer

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VORY 6TH BCE An Eunuch-priest (part of a chain) Ivory statuette (early 6th BCE) from the foundations of the Artemis (Diana) Temple Ephesus, Turkey Height 11 cm - Inv. 2593 Archaeological Museum, Istanbul, Turkey

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HELLENISTIC IVORY 10TH-6TH BCE A woman spinning, with distaff and spindle. Ivory statuette (late 7th BCE) from the foundations of the Artemis Temple Ephesus, Turkey Height 10.5 cm - Inv. 2594 Archaeological Museum, Istanbul, Turkey

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Statue of Roman judge

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Pompeii. Isis Statue | Temple of Isis. Isis (Ancient Greek: Ἶσις, original Egyptian pronunciation more likely "Aset" or "Iset") is a goddess in Ancient Egyptian religious beliefs, whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. She was worshipped as the ideal mother and wife as well as the patroness of nature and magic.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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istanbul arkeoloji müzesi

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istanbul arkeoloji müzesi

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istanbul arkeoloji müzesi
Bronze statue of Hadrian, 2nd century CE, from Adana, Istanbul Archaeological Museum

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Bust of a Woman, 25 B.C.-- A.D. 25, Roman, bronze.

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Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius

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Man, possibly P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Roman bust (bronze), 1st century BC, (Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples).

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Gaius Marius, Roman General And Politician.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Girl, Roman bust (marble), 3rd century AD, (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna).

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"Seneca", bronze with inlaid eyes, Roman, 1st century CE. Found in the Villa of the Papyri in Herculaneum. While commonly called Seneca that is only one possibility and academics usually refer to it more correctly as the head of a man, possibly a poet or philosopher.

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Title: "Les Trois Grâces" Class: Free-standing statue Material: Marble Height: 1.19 metres Context: Found in the Villa Cornovaglia in Rome Original / Copy: Roman copy of Greek statue C2nd BC

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Dionysos, Pan and a satyr; Roman Bronze figurines statue - circa 2nd-3rd AD, from Szomodor in Hungary, metal fitting of a chariot - at the National Museum, Budapest

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Roman bronze figurine of Pan - 1st century AD

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Female figure standing on the head of a dragon. from Begram, Afghanistan, 1st-2nd century

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A ROMAN BRONZE PORTRAIT HEAD OF A MAN - CIRCA SECOND QUARTER OF THE 3RD CENTURY A.D.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Moor Ptolemy of Mauritania

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Lusius Quietus (98-117 A.D.) was known as one of Rome’s greatest generals and was named by Roman Emperor Trajan as his successor. According to Rashidi, he was purely of African origin, described as a “man of Moorish race and considered the ablest soldier in the Roman army.”

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Poet Sappho

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Goddess Cybele

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Roman copy of Greek Poet Sappho

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Bust of Appolo
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Grave stell of Narkissos the gladiator Mermer

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ouros, statue of a standing youth Mermer, Kyzikos

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Roman ancestor or founding father

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God Sol

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Moon Goddess

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God Dionysius
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Fayum Portrait

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Fayum portrait

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Fayum portrait

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Fayum portrait

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Fayum portrait

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Fayum portrait

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Portrait of a thin-faced man, A.D. 140–170. Roman Period. From Egypt. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Rogers Fund, 1909(09.181.3) | This work is exhibited in the “New Discoveries: Early Liturgical Textiles from Egypt, 200-400” exhibition, on view through September 5, 2016.
10d

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Fayum portrait
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Mummy portrait of a woman, Hawara, Fayum, Egypt, AD 100-120 -

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Fayum mummy portraits is the name given to a large number of paintings from the first to third century. The surviving paintings are predominantly from the Fayum region in Roman Egypt

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Fayum mummy portrait Almost look like the portraits on the walls of the homes in Pompii
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Fayum mummy portraits, 1st century BC to the 3rd century

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Mummy portraits or Fayum mummy portraits (also Faiyum mummy portraits) is the modern term given to a type of naturalistic painted portraits on wooden boards attached to mummies from the Coptic period. They belong to the tradition of panel painting, one of the most highly regarded forms of art in the Classical world. In fact, the Fayum portraits are the only large body of art from that tradition to have survived.

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Posted by real expert (Member # 22352) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by mena7:
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Roman Emperor Nero

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Roman Emperor Nero

The word Nero mean black in Italian. Maybe Nero was a black person with straight hair. most likely he was a mulato.


Nero

Holy **** I didn'know that Afrocentrics have sunk so low and that their inferiority complex is beyond repair. A black person with straight or weavy hair is someone who wears wigs or weaves.

If blacks would have naturally straight or weavy hair, the wig and weave indusry would be not a multi- billion dollars business.

Africans Spend Over $7 BILLION On Weaves, Wigs, Extensions And Relaxers DESPITE DIRE POVERTY! Black Americans also spent billion dollars for weaves and wigs.

Weavy or silky curly hair only occurs in rare cases among Ethiopians, Somalis, Fulanis, Tuaregs etc. all of them have West Asian admixture.

Straight or weavy hair is a non- negroid trait and therefore pure or predominantly negroid people have 10 out of 10 KINKY, NAPPY HAIR. Even mulattoes have only in very rare case weavy or silky curly hair. If Afrocentrics can't prove that Romans, Greeks, Arabs, Native Americans, Assyrians or Chinese were black they call them mulattoes.

The word Nero means black in Italian? So what? smartass the Romans spoke Latin and not Italian. The Latin word for black was "niger": This word means also evil, sad, griefing, dreadful, malicous,obfuscate etc.

Okay smartass the Name Nero of the Roman Emperor was not of Italian or Latin BUT Sabine origin and means "strong, vigourous" and NOT black.

Furhermore Nero was described by the ancient Roman historian Suetonius as having light blonde hair and blue eyes.

Show me one negro or Mulatto who looks like the Emperor Nero. The ancient Egyptians depicted different people in their art, so did ancient Greeks and Romans. All the genuine depictions and not the photoshopped and faked depictions of phony realhistoryww show Ethiopians/Nubians and NO Romans or Greeks.

Just because Romans and Greeks depicted Nubians/Ethiopians in their art they don't mutated into Nubians or negroes by doing so.

The mere presence of Nubian/Ethiopian individuals in Greece or Rome doesn't turn them into ethnic Romans or Greeks either.
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by real expert:
quote:
Originally posted by mena7:
 -
Roman Emperor Nero

 -
Roman Emperor Nero

The word Nero mean black in Italian. Maybe Nero was a black person with straight hair. most likely he was a mulato.


Nero

Holy **** I didn'know that Afrocentrics have sunk so low and that their inferiority complex is beyond repair. A black person with straight or weavy hair is someone who wears wigs or weaves.

Holy **** dumbass, the views of one person doesn't represent that of anyone else.

Know the difference between a singular and plural.

A black persons with straight hair can be natural. And the Roman army have blacks/ Africans in several positions. But a euronut, such as yourself don't know that of course.

You know very little in general, let alone specific ethnography.
Euronuts like you really have sunk low, rock bottom.

I don't know if Mena created a trap for you, but if so, you have now debunked yourself,by your contradicting rant. LOL


 -


 -

 -


 -

 -


 -
quote:


Physical variations in any given trait tend to occur gradually rather than abruptly over geographic areas. And because physical traits are inherited independently of one another, knowing the range of one trait does not predict the presence of others. For example, skin color varies largely from light in the temperate areas in the north to dark in the tropical areas in the south; its intensity is not related to nose shape or hair texture. Dark skin may be associated with frizzy or kinky hair or curly or wavy or straight hair, all of which are found among different indigenous peoples in tropical regions. These facts render any attempt to establish lines of division among biological populations both arbitrary and subjective.

--American Anthropological Association

http://www.aaanet.org/stmts/racepp.htm
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
quote:
Originally posted by real expert:
quote:
Originally posted by mena7:
[qb]  -
Roman Emperor Nero

 -
Roman Emperor Nero

The word Nero mean black in Italian. Maybe Nero was a black person with straight hair. most likely he was a mulato.


Nero

Holy **** I didn'know that Afrocentrics have sunk so low and that their inferiority complex is beyond repair. A black person with straight or weavy hair is someone who wears wigs or weaves.

Holy **** dumbass, the views of one person doesn't represent that of anyone else.

Know the difference between a singular and plural.

A black persons with straight hair can be natural. And the Roman army have blacks/ Africans in several positions. But a euronut, such as yourself don't know that of course.


So you are saying Mena has no reason to think that Nero was a mulatto instead of a fully black man due to his wavy hair?


Could you show some photos of adult male black men with straight or wavy hair who aren't too old so we can see what you are talking about?


 -


^^ we know this is a black man we just need some photos of adult males who aren't old men to back it up.
It should match the age range and gender to be a good comparison
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
quote:
Originally posted by real expert:
quote:
Originally posted by mena7:
[qb] http://webspace.webring.com/people/lg/gaiusulpius/nero_bronze1.jpeg
Roman Emperor Nero

http://www.livius.org/a/1/emperors/nero_mus_munchen.JPG
Roman Emperor Nero

The word Nero mean black in Italian. Maybe Nero was a black person with straight hair. most likely he was a mulato.


Nero

Holy **** I didn'know that Afrocentrics have sunk so low and that their inferiority complex is beyond repair. A black person with straight or weavy hair is someone who wears wigs or weaves.

Holy **** dumbass, the views of one person doesn't represent that of anyone else.

Know the difference between a singular and plural.

A black persons with straight hair can be natural. And the Roman army have blacks/ Africans in several positions. But a euronut, such as yourself don't know that of course.


So you are saying Mena has no reason to think that Nero was a mulatto instead of a fully black man due to his wavy hair?


Could you show some photos of adult male black men with straight or wavy hair who aren't too old so we can see what you are talking about?


http://www.livius.org/a/1/emperors/nero_mus_munchen.JPG


^^ we know this is a black man we just need some photos of adult males who aren't old men to back it up.
It should match the age range and gender to be a good comparison

I am saying that Mena is an individual.

And I am saying that you are a euronut and lying a hog! A complete dumbass, who can't comprehend very well. That is what I am saying, retard!
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:

I am saying that Mena is an individual.


I knew that already. Say something un-dumb
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
 -


quote:

 -


Mystery head could be rare statue of Emperor Nero

A piece of a marble statue discovered at a Roman site in Sussex could be one of only three in existence depicting the Emperor Nero.

Head found at Fishbourne Roman Palace in West Sussex, Nero head: Mystery head could be rare statue of Emperor Nero

The chunk of stone, which is the right side of a boy's head and his lower face, is to be scanned using sophisticated technology and the remainder generated by computer to suggest what he may have looked like.

Archaeologists suspect the sculpture, which was found at Fishbourne Roman Palace in West Sussex, is of Nero as a young boy.

The only other known statues of Nero are in the Italian National Museum of Antiquities in Parma and the Louvre Museum in Paris.

One of the reasons that so few survive is because he was declared an enemy of the state after he was pushed from power in a military coup and images of him were ordered destroyed.

According to ancient historians, Nero was the emperor who "fiddled while Rome burned" during the city's Great Fire in 64AD and ordered the deaths of his mother, stepfather and pregnant wife, among others, to keep his grip on power.

As ruler of the Roman empire, he controlled Britain and his forces put down the revolt led by Boudica, also called Boadicea, and her tribe, the Iceni, in 60AD.

He committed suicide in 68AD.

The latest find was actually discovered in 1964 but until recently it was always believed to be that of a king called Togidubnes or a member of his family.

Now similarities have been found between the Fishbourne statue and the only others in Italy and France.

The rounded cheeks, full, curving lips, rounded lower face, slightly protruding ears, curling locks of hair and almond-shaped eyes are all very similar.

As a man, the Roman historian Suetonius described Nero as "about the average height, his body marked with spots and malodorous, his hair light blond, his features regular rather than attractive, his eyes blue and somewhat weak, his neck over thick, his belly prominent, and his legs very slender".

Although this would only be the third statue of him, busts and coins bearing his image are more common.

Dr Rob Symmons, curator of archaeology at Fishbourne, will work with Bournemouth University lecturers Dr Miles Russell and Harry Manley to produce 3D scans of the head.

The scans will recreate the face, which was damaged with an axe, to test the theory that it could in fact be the emperor.

Dr Symmons said: "This is very exciting as the scan will allow us to see for the first time what the boy really looked like and may also reveal his identity.

"We have always assumed he was related to the Royal family who lived here but it may be that it is even more special and is a rare depiction of Nero."

Dr Russell said: "They tried to eradicate the fact that Nero ever existed.

"This particular head is extremely well made in a very expensive type of marble and someone has taken an axe to it and smashed it almost to oblivion.

"Why else would they do that?".

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/6255317/Mystery-head-could-be-rare-statue-of-Emperor-Nero.html
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:

I am saying that Mena is an individual.


I knew that already. Say something un-dumb
You only understand dumb. That is your language barrier! Lioness "team" is dumbfounded!
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
 -  -
Portrait of Nero from his first major portrait phase of AD 50/51-54, found in the basilica at Velleia, Italy (© Museo Nazionale di Antichità, Parma)


quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
 -


quote:



As a man, the Roman historian Suetonius described Nero as "about the average height, his body marked with spots and malodorous, his hair light blond, his features regular rather than attractive, his eyes blue and somewhat weak, his neck over thick, his belly prominent, and his legs very slender".


http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/6255317/Mystery-head-could-be-rare-statue-of-Emperor-Nero.html
quote:
Originally posted by Troll Patrol:
 -

Obviously Nero was of Solomon Island extraction while the Euronut albinos are trying to pretend he was caucasoid
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
^LOL. MORE DUMB AND RETARDED NAZI BULLSHYT. BY YOUR HO'stess, lions ass. A picture I never posted. Neither something I ever claimed. But you are a dumb box of rocks. And you are contracting yourself, without even knowing it. Typical!


quote:
"Nero (A.D. 37-68) became emperor of the Roman Empire after the death of his adopted father, the Emperor Claudius, in A.D. 54. The last ruler of what historians call the “Julio-Claudian” dynasty, he ruled until he committed suicide in June, A.D. 68."


"After the murder of Caligula in January A.D. 41, and the ascension of Emperor Claudius shortly afterward, mother and son were reunited. His ambitious mother would go on to marry Claudius (who was also her uncle) in A.D. 49, and she saw to it that he adopted her son, giving him a new name that started with “Nero.” His tutors included the famous philosopher Seneca, a man who would continue advising Nero into his reign, even writing the proclamation explaining why Nero killed his mother."

http://www.livescience.com/40277-emperor-nero-facts.html


quote:
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (c.71-c.135): Roman scholar and official, best-known as the author of the Lives of the Twelve Caesars.
http://www.livius.org/articles/person/suetonius/
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
 -  -
Portrait of Nero from his first major portrait phase of AD 50/51-54, found in the basilica at Velleia, Italy (© Museo Nazionale di Antichità, Parma)

This is not a particular person: this is a typical Fake Albino artifact featuring stereotypical Albino features. No child actually looks like that. It is only a composite of juvenile Albino features.

Check Kovels and Hummel figurines.
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Mike111:
This is not a particular person: this is a typical Fake Albino artifact featuring stereotypical Albino features. No child actually looks like that. It is only a composite of juvenile Albino features.

Check Kovels and Hummel figurines.

 -

Anybody who says "albino features" is beyond stupid and has no idea what albinism is.

And the remark " No child actually looks like that" and at the same time saying it shows "stereotypical features" is equally profound in it's stupidity.

If the features are "stereotypical" that means most children of that type look like that

How incredibly stupid !

quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:


The only other known statues of Nero are in the Italian National Museum of Antiquities in Parma and the Louvre Museum in Paris.


 -  -
Italian National Museum of Antiquities in Parma

^^ and are the features exaggerated ???
Of course not. They are not exaggerated, nothing enlarged, stretched or thrown out of proportion in any kind of way.

You could find multi millions of children that look like this in America and Europe.

^^He looks like any typical straight haired Black so called "negro" child anywhere in America

quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:


The only other known statues of Nero are in the Italian National Museum of Antiquities in Parma and the Louvre Museum in Paris.



 -
Louvre Museum in Paris
Nero in toga, with bulla, holding a scroll
Ca. 50 CE.
Height 138 cm.
Paris, Louvre Museum

^^^ Look at this how could anybody think this is a white boy?
Look at the black features. Just because he had blond hair and blues does not change his prominent Somalian features
.


_________________


 -

what, Black people can't have blue eyes now ??
Stop being NAZIs !!!
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,


Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
 -



quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:

A picture I never posted.


what about this thread where you posted it ?

http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=15;t=006804

^^ does this count?
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
 -

THE EXPLOITS OF BLACK ROMAN EMPEROR NERO IN NORTH AFRICA

The Battle of Grumentum was fought in 207 BC between Romans led by Gaius Claudius Nero, and a part of Hannibal's Carthaginian army. The battle was a minor Roman victory, and Nero marched north where he defeated and killed Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal at Metaurus. The battle is described by Livy at 27.41-42.

Upon Hannibal's descent from the alps he had for three years won an impressive string of victories against Rome[2] The battle of Ticinus, Trebia, Trasimene and Cannae were some of the more notable victories that he'd won. These had been disastrous defeats for the Romans, especially the latter battle. This victory brought the Romans to the brink of despair. The Senate had issued a decree that forbade anyone to say the word, "Peace" within the city. Mourning was legislatively circumscribed to 30 days, women were not permitted to cry in the public venues. In spite of such measures, there was much despair in the city and some young Romans of high birth were proposing mass desertion from the army and establishment of a new colony elsewhere. The proposed defection was put down and all thoughts of surrender were circumscribed.[2]:pp.382–388
Despite these setbacks, Rome itself remained secure from attack. Hannibal did not believe that that he had the resources necessary for a siege of Rome, and, even after the battle of Cannae, he had not been able to break up the Roman Symmachy. Not a single member of the Italian Confederacy ever broke its treaty with Rome, the roots of Roman power in the peninsula were sown deep, based upon time and the mutual benefit that both Rome and her subordinate allies had received from the alliance. Some colonies had been detached from the Confederacy in Cisalpine Gaul, but no seriously demoralizing blow had been struck at the Symmachy.[2]:pp.382–386
So, after Cannae, Hannibal set about just this task. It was indeed upon the basis of his being able to detach the confederates of Rome that Hannibal had calculated upon a lasting victory. Without them, nothing serious could be brought about. So after the battle itself, Hannibal started to conduct diplomacy to this effect. Phillip V of Macedon promised a navy and an army to descend on Italy—it was in this way that he hoped to simultaneously strike a blow at Rome herself while regaining Epirus to his kingdom. In addition to this, Hiero of Syracuse recently passed, and his successor concluded a treaty with Hannibal. With the end of detaching more confederates from the Roman Symmachy, after the battle Hannibal released all soldiers that had been enlisted under the banners as a result of their cities' treaty with Rome without request for ransom.[2]:pp.383–391
However, in spite of the seeming ascendancy of Hannibal over Rome, his cause was in reality anything but that. His military chest was stretched to its limit, and to this effect he sent a deputation to Rome that requested money in return for hostages. The deputation was forbidden to enter the city, and the Senate forbade the purchase of hostages from the Carthaginians on an individual basis—deeming any enrichment of Hannibal through the wealth of Rome and its citizens to be unacceptable.[2] [Razz] .391
What happened at this point, was a number of Roman allies—not including any Latin confederate—were detached. Capua, the second city of Italy, in a commanding position on the crucial plain of Campania, was detached. This city had been much oppressed by the Romans, and faced discriminatory treatment by the Senate and the chief magistrates of the Republic. Capua was said to be able to furnish Hannibal with 30,000 foot and 4,000 cavalry. This was a major blow to the Symmachy, as demoralizing as the defeat at Cannae had been. Following the example of Capua were Uxuntum, much of Bruttia, much of Lucaria, the Picentes of Salernia, the Harpini, almost all of Samnium. Hannibal had effectively consolidated all of southern Italy with the exception of a string of Roman forts.[2]:pp.391–393
Hannibal's army spent the winter of 216-215 BC in Capua,[2] during which time it is said to have engaged in liscentious conduct. However, this is not surprising considering that the army had spent the previous 4 years incessantly campaigning in Italy.[2] Many of Hannibal's veterans from Iberia were gone, and the composition of his army was this time to take a different form. Recruits from his allies in Italy would be a major contributor to his army.[2] In addition to this, the Romans were to start treating him with the respect he deserved, and all the meanwhile their legions would be gaining in ability and experience while Hannibal would constantly be compelled to train fresh recruits. In spite of this, until Hannibal departs from Italy we shall see the Roman consuls and praetors dealing with him in a similar way to which Fabius dealt with him - that is to attack his foragers and avoid him in a major battle.
The consuls for the year 215 BC were the former dictator Fabius and Tiberius Sempronius Grachus. Marcellus was to take the field in his capacity as Proconsul. These were all tried and tested officers, and they would conduct their armies accordingly. The Senate, as one of its first measures, decided to double imports and taxes of all sorts, in order to be able to equip their legionnaires and pay their salaries. The Senate ordered the various army commanders to continue the Fabian strategy.[2]:pp.410–412
Hannibal encamped on Mt. Tifata, where he could control the healthy pastures for his cavalry and his herds, while simultaneously being in such a position as to descend on any one of the Roman armies currently opposed to him. Hannibal was to make an observable change in his strategy, from seeking battle and engaging in offense against the Romans he was to observe a decidedly more defensive strategy. As the Romans were not seeking to engage him either, as per their fabian strategy, there was only small skirmishes between the Carthaginians and Romans. The Capuans sought to seize the oppidum of Cumae through treachery, but failed in their attempt after the Cumaens informed the consul Gracchus of the Capuan-instigated negotiations. Hannibal sought to seize the place thereafter, as it was on the coast and he required a port from which to communicate with Carthage. However, this failed. After this, three Roman armies, the two consular armies and that of the proconsul Marcellus, were marched into Campania, where they encamped close to each other so as to sustain one another. This strategy was so effective that Hannibal knew it was only a matter of time before the Romans drove him from Campania. Leaving a strong garrison in his camp on Mt. Tifata, he marched towards Nola, where some of his friends were attempting to gain that city over to the Carthaginian side. Here he received reinforcements including 4,000 infantry and a number of elephants. After a combat Hannibal would conduct his army back to his camp at Mt. Tifata. After failing to take Nola, he opted to march to Apulia and winter near Arpi.[2]:pp.414–419
The consuls for the year 214 BC were Fabius and Marcellus. The armies under the command of a praetor were commanded by Fulvius, Fabius Jr., Octalius and Lentulus.[2] [Razz] .428 The consuls were ordered by the Senate to put afoot 20 legions which, with the 20 allied legions to be put into the field, would total something over 200,000 men. These legions were disperesed as follows; Lentulus the governor of Sicily for the year had two legions in Sicily, there were another two in Quintus Mucius in Sardinia, and two in cisalpine gaul under Manius Pomponius which was attached to the Roman Army in Spain. In Italy there were; Two fresh legions under the consul Fabius, Another two legions under his colleague Marcellus, Gracchus was opposite Hannibal with two legions that were manned by slaves promised with manumission for meritorious service, Fabius Jr. as praetor had two legions. There were, of course, two in Rome - Varro, the commander who had conducted himself so poorly at Cannae, had a legion near Cisalpine gaul which was placed there as a reserve to the legions in Cisalpine Gaul. The last legion was in Brundisium. Another fleet was constructed by fiat of the Senate and it was financed by a tax on the wealthiest citizens. Four of these armies were stationed directly against the Carthaginian army, the rest were to be involved in the war indirectly by attacking and harassing the allies of Hannibal.[2] [Razz] .428
An appeal was sent from Capua, to which Hannibal responded. Once he arrived there he took up his old quarters—but the situation was not as dire as had been made out to him. In spite of this however, Hannibal decided to conduct operations in Campania, and headed off to one of its seaports. While conducting operations on the Campanian coast he received a deputation from a group of young, disgruntled nobles from the southern Greek city of Tarentum.[2] [Razz] .432 Hannibal, deeming this a crucial opportunity decided to seize it. he thought this because of the geographical advantages that Tarentum would afford him for descents on Italy from both Carthage and Macedonia. On his way, he ordered Hanno to march north with the 17,000 men he recruited in Bruttium, however he was defeated when the Romans forced him to battle and he (Hanno) made his escape with 2,000 foot and some of his cavalry. After another attempt at the city of Nola, he opted to retire upon an inconclusive engagement before that oppidum. He then set off to Tarentum, but a Roman officer rallied the city's Roman supporters to baulk the designed assault. After Hannibal left Campania, the two consuls decided to besiege Casilinum, which they succeeded in capturing.[2] [Razz] .441
For the Year 213 BC the consuls were Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus and Fabius Jr. The praetors for the year were M. Atilius Regulus,[3] Sempronius Tuditantus, Cneius Fulvius, and Aemilius Lepidus. Fabius the dictator was to be a legate of his sons.[2]:pp.429–445
-World Heritage Encyclopedia™

 -
Location of Black Roman Colony in North Africa
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,


Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
 -



quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:

A picture I never posted.


what about this thread where you posted it ?

http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=15;t=006804

^^ does this count?

DUMBO, THAT THREAD FROM WAS FOUR YEARS AGO, WAS A DIFFERENT TOPIC AND HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH THIS THREAD. YOU ARE CLEARY RETARDED.


quote:
"Nero (A.D. 37-68) became emperor of the Roman Empire after the death of his adopted father, the Emperor Claudius, in A.D. 54. The last ruler of what historians call the “Julio-Claudian” dynasty, he ruled until he committed suicide in June, A.D. 68."


"After the murder of Caligula in January A.D. 41, and the ascension of Emperor Claudius shortly afterward, mother and son were reunited. His ambitious mother would go on to marry Claudius (who was also her uncle) in A.D. 49, and she saw to it that he adopted her son, giving him a new name that started with “Nero.” His tutors included the famous philosopher Seneca, a man who would continue advising Nero into his reign, even writing the proclamation explaining why Nero killed his mother."

http://www.livescience.com/40277-emperor-nero-facts.html


quote:
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (c.71-c.135): Roman scholar and official, best-known as the author of the Lives of the Twelve Caesars.
http://www.livius.org/articles/person/suetonius/


LOL The proposed author was not even alive when Nero was alive. Ridiculous clown you are!


Say, jiggaboo.

 -
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:

A picture I never posted.


so you lied when you said you didn't post that picture?

what you hate blond haired people now? racist
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:

A picture I never posted.


so you lied when you said you didn't post that picture?

what you hate blond haired people now? racist

LOL Dumbo piece of ****. It has nothing to do with this thread, never posted that picture in this thread, and never made that claim. What part of this can't you comprehend. You just sunk to a new low, RACIST NAZI BIGOT.


LOL "Now I hate blond haired people"? Based on what, RACIST? LOL SMH

You are such a pathetic individual, you can't help yourself, RACIST. lol smh


[Big Grin]

 -


 -
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
http://www.livius.org/a/1/emperors/nero_mus_munchen.JPG

THE EXPLOITS OF BLACK ROMAN EMPEROR NERO IN NORTH AFRICA

The Battle of Grumentum was fought in 207 BC between Romans led by Gaius Claudius Nero, and a part of Hannibal's Carthaginian army. The battle was a minor Roman victory, and Nero marched north where he defeated and killed Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal at Metaurus. The battle is described by Livy at 27.41-42.

Upon Hannibal's descent from the alps he had for three years won an impressive string of victories against Rome[2]
Location of Black Roman Colony in North Africa

LOL


Self proclaimed "expert". I love how you contradict yourself and don't even realize it.


Hannibal's Carthaginian army and the Roman army both had African compositions. [Big Grin] smh

You are literally dumber than a box of rocks.

I predict you will come back, with something even dumber as before.
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:


[...]

Look at the black features. Just because he had blond hair and blues

[...]


It's a HOAX!!!

It's funny how you keep fetching this hoax.

Nero (A.D. 37-68)

Suetonius (c.71-c.135)

How the heck could Suetonius have known what Nero looked like, "real expert"?

quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:


 -

what, Black people can't have blue eyes now ??
Stop being NAZIs !!!

Meaningless venting above.

quote:
In our data, with the exception of a low frequency haplotype in Africa, rs916977 and rs1667394 are in nearly complete LD. Therefore, we treat them as another haplotype system, BEH3, blue-eye associated haplotype #3. The blue-eye associated allele of BEH3 is CA, again the derived haplotype. In the HGDP populations BEH3 will consist of rs1667394 only since rs916977 is not present in the data set.
--Michael P. Donnelly

A global view of the OCA2-HERC2 region and pigmentation

Hum Genet. 2012 May; 131(5): 683–696.
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
[qb]

[...]

Look at the black features. Just because he had blond hair and blues

[...]


It's a HOAX!!!

It's funny how you keep fetching this hoax.

Nero (A.D. 37-68)

Suetonius (c.71-c.135)

How the heck could Suetonius have known what Nero looked like, "real expert"?


Maybe you've forgotten, you introduced this
"HOAX !!!"
into the thread:


quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:




As a man, the Roman historian Suetonius described Nero as "about the average height, his body marked with spots and malodorous, his hair light blond, his features regular rather than attractive, his eyes blue and somewhat weak, his neck over thick, his belly prominent, and his legs very slender".

Although this would only be the third statue of him, busts and coins bearing his image are more common.


So now you are asking how could a Roman historian writing a few decades after a Roman emperor died possibly know what his hair color was. He must have made up the blond thing.
As soon as an Emperor died nobody knew anything.

Did you know something is only a hoax if you prove it to be a hoax?



 -

Ok, fine Nero was Black and not Oceanic as we can see by his distinctive African features. His hair must be equally black not albinoized like the Oceanics

So at least we can agree that Nero was an important part of Black History

Do one of your nostril opening race checks, we need to prove to the doubters his true blackness

Look at his name, only missing the "g". That was invented later
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
 -

Portrait of a Roman Sister with cornrows
(marble), 3rd century AD, (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna).
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
http://www.livius.org/a/1/emperors/nero_mus_munchen.JPG

THE EXPLOITS OF BLACK ROMAN EMPEROR NERO IN NORTH AFRICA

The Battle of Grumentum was fought in 207 BC between Romans led by Gaius Claudius Nero, and a part of Hannibal's Carthaginian army. The battle was a minor Roman victory, and Nero marched north where he defeated and killed Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal at Metaurus. The battle is described by Livy at 27.41-42.

Upon Hannibal's descent from the alps he had for three years won an impressive string of victories against Rome[2]
Location of Black Roman Colony in North Africa

LOL


Self proclaimed "expert". I love how you contradict yourself and don't even realize it.


Hannibal's Carthaginian army and the Roman army both had African compositions. [Big Grin] smh

You are literally dumber than a box of rocks.

I predict you will come back, with something even dumber as before.

the Nazis had Blacks in their armies too and Hitler was E1b1b1 what's your point?

so you're going to say the Nazis were white now? Racist
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
[qb]

[...]

Look at the black features. Just because he had blond hair and blues

[...]


It's a HOAX!!!

It's funny how you keep fetching this hoax.

Nero (A.D. 37-68)

Suetonius (c.71-c.135)

How the heck could Suetonius have known what Nero looked like, "real expert"?


Maybe you've forgotten, you introduced this
"HOAX !!!"
into the thread:


quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:




As a man, the Roman historian Suetonius described Nero as "about the average height, his body marked with spots and malodorous, his hair light blond, his features regular rather than attractive, his eyes blue and somewhat weak, his neck over thick, his belly prominent, and his legs very slender".

Although this would only be the third statue of him, busts and coins bearing his image are more common.


So now you are asking how could a Roman historian writing a few decades after a Roman emperor died possibly know what his hair color was. He must have made up the blond thing.
As soon as an Emperor died nobody knew anything.

Did you know something is only a hoax if you prove it to be a hoax?



He did not see him, EVER. LOL That is a undeniable FACT! You now go by gossip words, nice. [Big Grin] That in itself is a hoax, did you know that?


The one who introduced this was not me. Think about that one....lol

But I did cite that article. For multiple reasons. lol
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
Ok, fine Nero was Black and not Oceanic as we can see by his distinctive African features. His hair must be equally black not albinoized like the Oceanics

So at least we can agree that Nero was an important part of Black History

Do one of your nostril opening race checks, we need to prove to the doubters his true blackness

Look at his name, only missing the "g". That was invented later

[Big Grin] I never stated he is black etcetera. You are making top stuff as usually. I never implied anything about his ethnicity. [Big Grin]

It is you who is doing this the entire time. [Big Grin]

What we know for sure is that there are no original color depictions of him. Thus far I know. All that other stuff you wrote is pure rubbish.


But depictions own general show them having brown skin. And you are obviously vey upset by the nostril widening thingy. [Big Grin]

Lastly, the one who is known for doing "RACE CHECKS" is you, no one else other then you on this site. [Big Grin]


There are countless of threads made by you on "RACE CHECKS" RACIST. [Big Grin]


quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
Look at his name, only missing the "g". That was invented later

Yes, that is true. [Big Grin]
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
 -

Portrait of a Roman Sister with cornrows
(marble), 3rd century AD, (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna).

Rome was a cosmopolitan society. With members from all surrounding continents. [Big Grin]

And this marble statue shows no (skin) color. But depictions in general show them having brown skin.
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
http://www.livius.org/a/1/emperors/nero_mus_munchen.JPG

THE EXPLOITS OF BLACK ROMAN EMPEROR NERO IN NORTH AFRICA

The Battle of Grumentum was fought in 207 BC between Romans led by Gaius Claudius Nero, and a part of Hannibal's Carthaginian army. The battle was a minor Roman victory, and Nero marched north where he defeated and killed Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal at Metaurus. The battle is described by Livy at 27.41-42.

Upon Hannibal's descent from the alps he had for three years won an impressive string of victories against Rome[2]
Location of Black Roman Colony in North Africa

LOL


Self proclaimed "expert". I love how you contradict yourself and don't even realize it.


Hannibal's Carthaginian army and the Roman army both had African compositions. [Big Grin] smh

You are literally dumber than a box of rocks.

I predict you will come back, with something even dumber as before.

the Nazis had Blacks in their armies too and Hitler was E1b1b1 what's your point?

so you're going to say the Nazis were white now? Racist

The point is that you believe in NAZI ideology. Which is prompted here on a daily basis, by you. LOL

Funny how the nazis now weren't white, because of a few supporters who were non-white nazi's. LOL

But the Roman army was white, delisted of it being a cosmopolitan society. And depictions in general showing brown people. NOT WHITE. LOL

Please keep posting, keep contracting yourself. lol

I predicted this crap. Remember, RACIST?

You racist always while pit/ put blacks in the spot when it contains negativity aspects. You have a reel in that. Coincidence? Nope, that is what racist do! [Big Grin]


So, tell how many times have you read Mein Kampf. Hitler sure was a important figure of white history, "real expert".
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:

He did not see him, EVER. LOL That is a undeniable FACT! You now go by gossip words, nice. [Big Grin] That in itself is a hoax, did you know that?


What I know is that you don't know what a hoax is or how to prove something is a hoax


quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:

The one who introduced this was not me. Think about that one....lol

But I did cite that article. For multiple reasons. lol

The word "introduced" means you brought something somewhere and showed it

You cited an article. That means you introduced the article into the thread. So stop the bullshit

And you look like a fool now trying to disown information you brought into the thread
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:


But depictions own general show them having brown skin.

 -

 -


 -


 -


So you think brown skinned caucasians showed be in a topic called "Black Romans" ?
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:


But depictions own general show them having brown skin.

 -

 -


 -


 -


So you think brown skinned caucasians showed be in a topic called "Black Romans" ?

LOL Those are Sicilians, Sicilians have African ancestry. Thanks for exposing yourself once more, dumbass. Funny how a bimbo brain like you now doesn't give credit to blacks.
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:

He did not see him, EVER. LOL That is a undeniable FACT! You now go by gossip words, nice. [Big Grin] That in itself is a hoax, did you know that?


What I know is that you don't know what a hoax is or how to prove something is a hoax


quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:

The one who introduced this was not me. Think about that one....lol

But I did cite that article. For multiple reasons. lol

The word "introduced" means you brought something somewhere and showed it

You cited an article. That means you introduced the article into the thread. So stop the bullshit

And you look like a fool now trying to disown information you brought into the thread

Bimbo brain, "real expert" introduced it, in the initial post! For me to post that source doesn't automatically
mean I agree ("with everything"), you bimbo brain.


I introduced the different timings between Nero and Suetonius, misfit.


to bring (a person) to first knowledge,

to create, bring into notice, use,

to suggest, propose, or advance for or as if for the first time:


http://www.dictionary.com/browse/introduced
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:


But depictions own general show them having brown skin.

 -

 -


 -


 -


So you think brown skinned caucasians showed be in a topic called "Black Romans" ?

LOL Those are Sicilians, Sicilians have African ancestry. Thanks for exposing yourself once more, dumbass. Funny how a bimbo brain like you now doesn't give credit to blacks.
Again are the people above black and would ancient Romans who looked like the above people be "Black Romans" Stop playing games
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:


But depictions own general show them having brown skin.

 -

 -


 -


 -


So you think brown skinned caucasians showed be in a topic called "Black Romans" ?

LOL Those are Sicilians, Sicilians have African ancestry. Thanks for exposing yourself once more, dumbass. Funny how a bimbo brain like you now doesn't give credit to blacks.
Again are the people above black and would ancient Romans who looked like the above people be "Black Romans" Stop playing games
They are mixed due to a cosmopolitan society. They are a mixture between Afrcians, Europeans and likely Asians. According to you anyone with darkskin is black. So there you have your answer. lol

The Romans had legions from all surrounding continents. You are such dumb bimbo brain. lol


 -
Median-joining (MJ) network. Network manipulated to fit the geography of the extant populations. MJ network was constructed using E haplogroup frequencies. Group represented by ITAL contains all the Italian samples pooled. Populations’ descriptions are given in Supplementary Table S1.


The complextion of these man, is what depictions show on average in classic Romans. So nope, that's not white. Technically they are "mulattos".

When we speak of "Black Romans" in modern sense we speak of African like ethnic groups. I.e. Garamanes (Sahara-Sahel type) Africans/ blacks. And in modern sense these Sicilians are people of color.


You are such bimbo brain, you'll think that a small region like Italy had a natural selection of color diversity. Back then there was not such term as caucasians, bimbo brain. [Big Grin]

And at the same time, you'll asked dumb questions like, why the continent of Africa, has different color complexions.


Historically:

Southern Italians were considered “black” in the South and were subjected to the Jim Crow laws of segregation. They weren’t allowed to marry “whites.” It was difficult, damn near impossible.


http://www.africaresource.com/rasta/sesostris-the-great-the-egyptian-hercules/when-italians-were-blacks-the-dark-skinned-sicilians/

Stop playing. lol


 -


I predict you'll post something incredibly dumb now and shoot yourself in the foot, again.
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
LOL AT THIS BIMBO BRAIN.


quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
 -

...The UVR [ultraviolet radiation] data recorded by satellite were combined with environmental variables and data on human skin reflectance in a geographic information system (GIS). These were then analyzed visually and statistically through exploratory data analysis, correlation analysis, principal components analysis, least-squares regression analysis, and nonlinear techniques. The main finding of this study was that the evolution of skin reflectance could be almost fully modeled as a linear effect of UVR in the autumn alone. This linear model needs only minor modification, by the introduction of terms for the maximum amount of UVR, and for summer precipitation and winter precipitation, to account for almost all the variation in skin reflectance.



Below is a comment on this map from Discover Magazine's Gene Expressions Blog:

What the shades of humanity should be

The map above was generated from the regression analysis. Apparently it has been updated as of 2007 (received the link from a friend). It does look much better than it did in the original paper (which I have read and have a PDF copy of). Do note that the selection of peoples whose reflectance values were plugged into the model obviously matters. But I still think it's interesting the sort of predictions this map produces and how it fits with our intuitions of what the distributions should be, and the knowledge of what they are. Note the equivalent latitudes in Europe and North America, or Australia.

____________________________________________________

original source of chart:

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.10263/full

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15386260

Geographic distribution of environmental factors influencing human skin coloration
George Chaplin

Abstract
Skin coloration in indigenous peoples is strongly related to levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). In this study, the relationships of skin reflectance to seasonal UVR levels and other environmental variables were investigated, with the aim of determining which variables contributed most significantly to skin reflectance. The UVR data recorded by satellite were combined with environmental variables and data on human skin reflectance in a geographic information system (GIS). These were then analyzed visually and statistically through exploratory data analysis, correlation analysis, principal components analysis, least-squares regression analysis, and nonlinear techniques. The main finding of this study was that the evolution of skin reflectance could be almost fully modeled as a linear effect of UVR in the autumn alone. This linear model needs only minor modification, by the introduction of terms for the maximum amount of UVR, and for summer precipitation and winter precipitation, to account for almost all the variation in skin reflectance. A further significant finding was that the effect of summer UVR seems to reach a threshold beyond which further adaptation is difficult.


 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:


But depictions own general show them having brown skin.

 -

 -


 -


 -


They are mixed due to a cosmopolitan society. They are a mixture between Afrcians, Europeans and likely Asians. [/QUOTE]


Modern Italy is a cosmopolitan society. Is modern Italy a mixed society? yes or no please

so these people above are a good fit for a "Black Romans" concept? yes or no please, explanations after
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:


But depictions own general show them having brown skin.

 -

 -


 -


 -


They are mixed due to a cosmopolitan society. They are a mixture between Afrcians, Europeans and likely Asians.

Modern Italy is a cosmopolitan society. Is modern Italy a mixed society? yes or no please

so these people above are a good fit for a "Black Romans" concept? yes or no please, explanations after
[/QUOTE]


LOL I already explained it. I can't help it didn't fulfill your needs. But no they are NOT the BLACK ROMANS WE ARE TALKING ABOUT! lol

Is modern day Italy a cosmopolitan society. Is modern Italy a mixed society? I can't tell. Can you?


THE BLACK ROMANS WE ARE TALKING ABOUT WERE THE SAHARA-SAHEL LIKE AFRICANS, GARAMANTES!


quote:
'1 The Kanuri people of Bornu originated from the Tibu or Teda Negroids of Kan em, and of the Eastern Sahara. These Tibu were perhaps the Garamantes of Roman geographers. Their range in ancient times extended from Fezzan to Lake Chad.'

--Johnston, Harry Hamilton, Sir, 1858-1927. 'A survey of the ethnography of Africa, and the former racial and tribal migrations in that continent'


quote:
One of the richest inhabitants of fourth century Roman York, buried in a stone sarcophagus with luxury imports including jewellery made of elephant ivory, a mirror and a blue glass perfume jar, was a woman of black African ancestry, a re-examination of her skeleton has shown.
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/feb/26/roman-york-skeleton


quote:
A common misconception is that the Romans in Britain were all born in Italy, had white skin, and spoke Latin. Not so: ever since the Emperor Claudius' multi‐ethnic Roman army landed at Richborough in Kent in ad 43, there has been a black African presence in Britain (Britannia). Two types of Africans came to Britain: those who were Roman citizens, from African families of the ruling classes who had embraced Romanization (the acceptance of Latin and Roman culture), and those who did not necessarily have a choice, such as slaves and soldiers mustered in one of the Roman provinces in Africa.

1. Evidence [...]

2. High‐ranking officials [...]

3. Soldiers [...]


--The Oxford Companion to Black British History
Edited by David Dabydeen, John Gilmore, and Cecily Jones

http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780192804396.001.0001/acref-9780192804396-e-356


 -


Mosaic With Hunting Scenes

Roman (3rd century A.D.)

Mosaic, 270 x 370 cm.

Musée National du Bardo, Tunis.

The Image of the Black in Western Art Research Project and Photo Archive, W.E.B. Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research, Harvard University



quote:
"The findings challenge a view dating back to Roman accounts that the Garamantes consisted of barbaric nomads and troublemakers on the edge of the Roman Empire.'
http://www.livescience.com/16916-castles-lost-cities-revealed-libyan-desert.html


quote:
"In the Sahara, population agglomeration is also evident in certain areas such as the Libyan Fezzan, which (albeit much later) also saw the emergence of an indigenous Saharan “civilization” in the form of the Garamantian Tribal Confederaion, the development of which has been described explicitly in terms of adaptation to increased aridity (Brooks, 2006; di Lernia et al., 2002; Mattingly et al., 2003)."
--Nick Brooks (2013): Beyond collapse: climate change and causality during the Middle Holocene Climatic Transition, 6400–5000 years before present, Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography, 112:2, 93-104


quote:
Our work developed from a programme of research focused on an early Saharan civilisation known as the Garamantes, located in southwestern Libya (Mattingly 2006, 2011). We have previously identified two Garamantian sites as having urban characteristics, Old Jarma and Qasṛ ash-Sharrāba, and have speculated on the existence of further Saharan towns (Mattingly and Sterry 2013). In the case of Jarma, we have presented a detailed urban biography of the site (Mattingly et al. 2013: 505–544). The specific aims of this paper are to provide a fuller evaluation of what is known historically about Zuwīla and to present in detail the available archaeological data and a more precise chronology for the site. In its final section we advance a plausible sequence of development of this important Saharan oasis centre based on all the currently available evidence. A gazetteer of archaeological monuments is provided as Appendix 1 and a summary of the material dating evidence as Appendix 2.

The early medieval period has generally been considered pivotal in the extension and intensification of trans-Saharan trade and this has also been linked with the spread of Islam from the Maghrib across the Sahara (Austen 2010: 19–22). On the southern fringes of the Sahara there is firm evidence of trans-Saharan contacts in the earlier first millennium AD at sites such as Kissi in Burkina Faso and Culabel and Siouré in Senegal (MacDonald 2011; Magnavita 2013).

[...]

The Roman sources refer to kings of the Garamantes and to their metropolis at Garama (Old Jarma in the Wādī al-Ajāl, 250 km to the west of Zuwīla), strongly suggesting that Garamantian power was exercised over an extensive area (Figure 2). We have argued that there was in this period a Garamantian state that controlled the various oasis zones of Fazzān (Mattingly 2003: 76–90, 346–351, 2013: 530–534). As we shall see, there is evidence to show that Zuwīla originated as an oasis settlement in this period (contra Lewicki 1988: 287 and Levtzion and Hopkins 2000: 460) and that it had arguably grown to be a centre of above average size by the Late Garamantian period.


--David J. Mattingly, Martin J. Sterry & David N. Edwards (2015) The origins and development of Zuwīla, Libyan Sahara: an archaeological and historical overview of an ancient oasis town and caravan centre, Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 50:1, 27-75, DOI: 10.1080/0067270X.2014.980126



quote:
Zenata (Berber: Ijenaden) are a major old Berber ethnic group of North Africa. They were an umbrella-group encompassing probably hundreds of large linguistically or genealogically related Berber tribes in the north, center and east of Berber North Africa (excluding the Nile valley of Egypt). Zenata Berbers were the founders of several Berber empires, kingdoms and princedoms in North Africa.

http://research.omicsgroup.org/index.php/Zenata


LOL at your nuances.

http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=15;t=008691;p=5#000200


http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=15;t=010955;p=1
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
No you are trying to divert attention.

The theme of this thread is Black Romans and Greeks not "African admixture in Italy", or "Italian Mulattos"

So somebody can post any ancient Roman and propose them as a Black Roman and Ish Gebor won't question it, you'll just add to it.
So that's how European history is done on Egyptsearch. Any European king or emperor is Black. It's racist if you question it.
So just add to it. That's how we do.
I'm not going to question it anymore. Any Roman Emperor you post was Black. Teach your kids.
I've got to learn to stop questioning things
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
No you are trying to divert attention.

The theme of this thread is Black Romans and Greeks not "African admixture in Italy", or "Italian Mulattos"

So somebody can post any ancient Roman and propose them as a Black Roman and Ish Gebor won't question it, you'll just add to it.
So that's how European history is done on Egyptsearch. Any European king or emperor is Black. It's racist if you question it.
So just add to it. That's how do.
I'm not going to question it anymore. Any Roman Emperor you post was Black. Teach your kids.
I've got to learn to stop questioning things

LOL What happend to that blond hair blue eyed theory?

I posted who made up part of the black Romans. Sorry it hurts so bad.


" ... that's how European history is done on Egyptsearch"?

Rome was a cosmopolitan society! That is how it is done on Egypt Search. Go cry a river! LOL


quote:

 -


Roman Empire in the First Century, The


Two thousand years ago, at the dawn of the first century, the world was ruled by Rome. The Roman Empire struggled with problems which are surprisingly familiar: violent coups, assassination, overarching ambition, civil war, clashes between the classes as well as the sexes and questions of personal freedom versus government control.

But from the chaos, the Roman Empire would emerge stronger and more dazzling than ever before. Soon, it would stretch from Britain across Europe to the shores of North Africa; and from Spain across Greece and the Middle East to the borders of Asia. It would embrace hundreds of languages and religions and till its many cultures into a rich soil from which Western civilization would grow. Rome would become the world’s first and most enduring superpower.

Through the experiences, memories, and writings of the people who lived it, this series tells the story of that time – of the emperors, slaves, poets and peasants who wrested order from chaos, built the most cosmopolitan society the world had ever seen, and shaped The Roman Empire in the First Century.

ORDER FROM CHAOS

Millions of people — both famous and uncelebrated — play parts in the astonishing rise of Rome. Above them all is Caesar Augustus. Born in times of crisis and raised amid civil war, Augustus comes to personify the people he leads. He is contradictory: capable of both brutal violence and tender compassion. He is influential: forging the image of Roman grandeur that endures to this day. And he is enormously popular. But those who cross Augustus — his rivals Marc Antony and Cleopatra; the love poet, Ovid; even his own daughter, Julia — face dire consequences. The story of Augustan Rome is the story of greatness at a price.

YEARS OF TRIAL

In the year 14 A.D., Caesar Augustus dies and the Empire stands at a crossroads. Will Rome continue the course set by its first emperor – or return to chaos? A reluctant new emperor confronts mutiny and intrigue. At first, Tiberius struggles to emulate his predecessor, but he soon abandons the effort. His ultimate decline from ascetic ruler to reclusive despot ushers in one of the most notorious rulers of the ancient world: Caligula. As fear and conspiracy grip Rome, crisis roils the provinces. In Judaea, a charismatic leader named Jesus challenges the religious and political establishment. The local furor barely touches Rome but the legacy of Jesus will one day engulf the empire.

WINDS OF CHANGE

In the aftermath of Caligula’s madness, Claudius, the most unlikely member of the imperial family, rises to become one of the greatest emperors of the Roman Empire… only to fall victim to a brutally ambitious wife. A principled philosopher named Seneca finds himself compromised as tutor to the erratic young Emperor Nero. In Britain, a warrior queen named Boudicca battles Roman legions… and from Judaea, a revolutionary named Paul begins spreading the words of Jesus across Roman lands. Back in the capital, Nero’s disastrous rule shakes the empire to its foundation. Rome nearly burns to the ground. The empire is on the edge of disaster.

YEARS OF ERUPTION

With Nero’s death, the dynasty of Augustus comes to an end. Once again, the Empire faces an uncertain future. Rival generals fight for supremacy in the streets of Rome. A new dynasty brings another tyrant to the throne, and Mount Vesuvius erupts, burying Pompeii and thousands of people beneath a torrent of ash and mud. A young citizen survives the disaster and records the night of terror. But the Empire weathers the traumas. As the first century draws to a close, the Emperor Trajan expands the empire to its greatest geographic extent and offers new prosperity to a greater number of citizens. He sets the course for generations to come and projects the collective voice of ancient Rome across the ages.

http://pbsinternational.org/programs/roman-empire-in-the-first-century-the/
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
Again for the thick headed

the topic of this thread is not:


"The Cosmopolitanism of Rome and Greece"

or "African admixture in ancient Greece and Italy"

or "Berber mercenaries in the Roman Army"

The topic is "Black Romans and Greeks"

therefore if you post a a picture of of an ancient sculpture or painting the person should be Black. It's that simple, follow the thread topic.
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
Again for the thick headed

the topic of this thread is not:


"The Cosmopolitanism of Rome and Greece"

or "African admixture in ancient Greece and Italy"

or "Berber mercenaries in the Roman Army"

The topic is "Black Romans and Greeks"

therefore if you post a a picture of of an ancient sculpture or painting the person should be Black. It's that simple

[Big Grin] @ "Real expert". Rome was a cosmopolitan society! [Big Grin]

 -


quote:
Our knowledge of Black people present in Britain in early times is scanty. However, studies by scholars, archaeologists and historians have pieced together evidence about the lives of Black Romans.

One historian, Anthony Birley, in his work The African Emperor: Septimius Severus, explains that between AD 193 and 211 the Roman empire embraced a multicultural mix of peoples from Syria, Germany, Britain, Spain and Africa. Eight African men had positions of command in the northern Roman legions, and others held high rank as equestrian officers.

[...]

During his time in office, Septimius legalised marriage during military service. There is no evidence to suggest that all the Roman legionaries returned home upon their discharge from military service, so it is possible that some Black Romans married, had children, and remained in Britain after their tour of duty. Perhaps they might be considered to be Britain's first diaspora people - from North Africa.


--UK Government Web Archive.

http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http:/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/blackhistory/early_times/romans.htm
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Ish Gebor:



quote:
Our knowledge of Black people present in Britain in early times is scanty. However, studies by scholars, archaeologists and historians have pieced together evidence about the lives of Black Romans.

One historian, Anthony Birley, in his work The African Emperor: Septimius Severus, explains that between AD 193 and 211 the Roman empire embraced a multicultural mix of peoples from Syria, Germany, Britain, Spain and Africa. Eight African men had positions of command in the northern Roman legions, and others held high rank as equestrian officers.

[...]

During his time in office, Septimius legalised marriage during military service. There is no evidence to suggest that all the Roman legionaries returned home upon their discharge from military service, so it is possible that some Black Romans married, had children, and remained in Britain after their tour of duty. Perhaps they might be considered to be Britain's first diaspora people - from North Africa.


--UK Government Web Archive.

http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http:/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/blackhistory/early_times/romans.htm [/QB]

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Severan Tondo, Septimus Severus with wife and children
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^^ this looks like a white boy with a suntan
Septimus Severus' mother was Italian, his father was Punic or berber.

Where is the evidence his father was black?

Can we get some real blacks in here? there were about 70 Roman Emperors, what else you got?
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
LOL At the loon above, getting desperate as HELL, because Rome was a cosmopolitan society!!!!! Bhahahhaha at "real expert"


"what else you got?" Hmmm well..., let's see?

quote:

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Meet the Beachy Head Lady at Eastbourne Ancestors
A rare and unexpected discovery in the UK of a sub-saharan African dating back to Roman times, found at Beachy Head. Analysis shows she grew up here - what's her story?

http://www.eastbournemuseums.co.uk/ancestors.aspx


quote:
Pictured: The 1,800-year-old face of 'Beachy Head Lady' is revealed for the first time thanks to 3D scanning

Skeleton of 30-year-old was found in Beachy Head, East Sussex in 1953

African lady lived until 245 AD - the middle of Roman period in Britain
Possible she was the wife of an official or mistress of Roman villa nearby

Researchers were able to use the size of the skull and traces of where the muscle would have met the bone to build up a picture of the face

By Ellie Zolfagharifard

Published: 13:12 GMT, 4 February 2014 | Updated: 18:02 GMT, 4 February 2014

This is the face belonging to an ancient skeleton buried in Roman times, created using the latest 3D reconstruction technology.

The so-called 'Beachy Head Lady' - because she was discovered in the East Sussex beauty spot - had her face recreated using craniofacial reconstruction techniques.

Her skeleton was first discovered in Beachy Head 1953, and she is thought to have lived around 245 AD- the middle of the Roman period in Britain.

Unusually Beachy Head Lady is from sub-Saharan Africa which was outside of the Roman Empire.

This is the face of an ancient skeleton buried in Roman times, created using 3D reconstruction techniques

Experts are not entirely sure how she ended up in Britain, but researchers believe Beachy Head Lady probably grew up in the area and was possibly the wife or mistress of a local official at a nearby Roman villa.

Another theory is that she was a merchant trading wares in Europe and chose to settle in the country.

Jo Seaman, heritage officer at Eastbourne Borough Council, said: ‘This is a fantastic discovery for the south coast.

‘We know this lady was around 30 years old, grew up in the vicinity of what is now East Sussex, ate a good diet of fish and vegetables, her bones were without disease and her teeth were in good condition.

Researchers used the size of the skull and traces of where the muscle would have met the bone to build up a picture of Beachy Head Lady's appearance

WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT BEACHY HEAD LADY?

The female's skeleton suggests that the woman was around 30 years old when she died in 245AD.

Experts believe she grew up in Sussex despite being from Sub-Saharan Africa.

This is especially interesting as this area was beyond the reaches of the Roman Empire.

Because she was not found with any grave goods, archaeologists are unable to deduce what social status she was.

It is however possible that she was the wife or mistress of an official.
She may also have been a merchant traveller too.

‘Without the context of seeing the burial site or grave goods, we don’t yet know why she was here, or her social status.

‘However based on what we know of the Roman era and a similar discovery in York, it’s possible she was the wife of a local official or mistress of the extensive Roman villa which is known to be close to Eastbourne Pier, or she may have been a Merchant, plying the trade routes around the Mediterranean up to this remote European outpost.’

Mr Seaman said that isotopes showed the Beachy Head Lady was raised in or around Eastbourne from a young age. He said the skeleton was in good condition with no signs of hard labour.

Eastbourne museums paired up with the University of Dundee to use Radio-Isotope Analysis to examine bones and teeth for trace elements absorbed from food and water during an individual’s lifetime, giving a geological fingerprint to the region in which they grew up.

Her full skeleton is on show for the first time to the public at Eastbourne Borough Council’s museum service which was awarded a grant of £72,000 by the Heritage Lottery Fund.

Beachy Head Lady's full skeleton is on show for the first time to the public at Eastbourne Borough Council's museum service which was awarded a grant of £72,000 by the Heritage Lottery Fund


Beachy Head is a chalk headland in Southern England, close to the town of Eastbourne

The skeleton makes up part of the Eastbourne Ancestors project at the museum.

The aim was to identify the gender and age of each skeleton in its collection to build up stories about them.

Testing of the bones and teeth has identified the national or regional origins, age, gender, state of health, diet, and in some cases, how they died.

The researchers were also able to use the size of the skull and traces of where the muscle would have met the bone to build up a picture of her appearance.

Most of the skeletons are Anglo-Saxon, from about 1,500 years ago, but some are Neolithic and more than 4,000 years old.

Eastbourne Borough Council Cabinet Member for Tourism and Leisure, Cllr Carolyn Heaps said: ‘It is very exciting to open the first local history related exhibition in ten years.

‘The exhibition is focused on telling the stories of those that date back to Prehistory, giving an insight into what they may have worked as, what cultures they may have adopted as well as their age and gender.’


The skeleton was first discovered in Beachy Head (pictured) in 1953, and she is thought to have lived around AD245 - the middle of the Roman period in Britain

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2551513/Pictured-The-1-800-year-old-face-Beachy-Head-Lady-revealed-time-thanks-3D-scanning.html


quote:
Who was in the Roman army?


Only men could be in the Roman Army. No women. Every Roman soldier was a Roman citizen. He had to be at least 20 years old. He was not supposed to get married while he was a soldier. Most soldiers in the Roman Empire came from countries outside Italy. There were Roman soldiers from Africa, France, Germany, the Balkans, Spain and the Middle East.

Soldiers had to stay in the army for at least 25 years! Then they could retire, with a pension or a gift of land to farm. Old soldiers often settled down to old age together, in a military town or colonia.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/romans/the_roman_army/


quote:
The main Roman soldiers were called legionaries and they had to be Roman citizens to join. This didn’t mean they had to live in Rome though – many soldiers joined from across the Roman Empire including Africa, Britain, France, Germany, Spain, the Balkans and the Middle East.
https://kidskonnect.com/history/roman-soldiers/


So that's how European history is done on Egyptsearch. "real expert"!
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Portrait of a Roman Lady | Chiaramonti Gallery, Vatican. XI 4 (696) H 0.53.5. Trajanic period.

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(c. 100-125 CE) Portrait of a Roman Woman

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portrait bust of Matidia the Younger Marble,Roman,Hadrianic period ca AD 122-128 Metropolitan Museum

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A Roman Marble Portrait Head of a Girl, Flavian or Trajanic, circa A.D. 90-110
1y

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Marble portrait head from a statue of a woman, possibly Marciana Augusta, elder sister of the Emperor Trajan (AD98-117).

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Etruscan dancer (bronze) Museo Archeologico, Florence, Italy

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Etruscan bronze statue of a javelin thrower C.550BC Chiusi British Museum

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Etruscan. Young man, naked except for a shoulder-belt, ca. 400-370 BCE, Mont Falterona, Italy Manufacture: Volci, plain of the Po, Etruria ~ Many of the remains of Etruscan art have been found in repositories for the dead, in which the people were accustomed to inter with the body various articles of metal and clay.
38w
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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(c. 200-300 CE) Gilt Bronze Bust of a Roman Man (perhaps an emperor)
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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(c. 200-300 CE) Gilt Bronze Bust of a Roman Man (perhaps an emperor)

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Roman man Fayum portrait

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Roman Statuette of a Lictor, 1st century A.D. Bronze

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Unknown “The Hellenistic Prince” Statue of a prince or dynast without crown, traditionnally thought to be a Seleucid prince, maybe Attalus II of Pergamon. Bronze, Greek artwork of the Hellenistic era, 3rd-2nd centuries BC.| National Museum of Rome, Rome. History of Macedonia the ancient kingdom of Greece

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Bronze Statuette of a Draped Female Figure, perhaps Nyx. Roman Empire (Place created). Date: 1st century B.C.

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A ROMAN FRESCO PANEL CIRCA 2ND-3RD CENTURY A.D.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Head of a Roman man 30 BC
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Flamen (Roman priest) - profile, head of Roman sculpture (marble), 3rd century AD, (Musée du Louvre, Paris).

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Roman, Trajanic Portrait head of a woman, 98–117CE. Bronze with silver inlay.

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Terracotta statue of a young woman, late 4th-early 3rd century BCE. Etruscan.

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Bronze female figure Cretan Late Minoan I 1600-1450 BCE Metropolitan Museum

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CIRCA 3RD-2ND CENTURY B.C. With lidded articulated eyes and elaborately coiffed hair, centre- parted and falling into ringlets on either side, wearing large inverted pyramidal earrings and a necklace of large pendants decorated with relief figures of various heroes and deities, a mantle pulled up over the back of her head, preserving traces of red, pink and yellow pigment

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Goddess Diana,Terracotta statue - Diana is showing hunter, form ancient Etruscan culture from İtaly, circa 2nd-1st c. BCE

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Etruscan Diodoros

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GODDESS WITH CHILD (LATONA), ETRUSCAN. Etruscan, Late-Archaic, 510–500 BC…
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Limestone statue of Artemis Bendis | Cypriot | Hellenistic | The Met
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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African Head on a Greek Coin, ca. 450 BCE

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Black Roman

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Black Roman, 1st/2nd Century AD, Marble

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A LATE HELLENISTIC OR ROMAN BRONZE HEAD OF A BLACK ROMAN CIRCA 1ST CENTURY B.C.-1ST CENTURY A.D.

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medievalpoc: Ancient Art Week! Vase (Balsamarium) in the Form of the Head of an Egyptian Youth Alexandrian (c. 2nd Century B.C.E.) Bronze, 7.2. cm. Museo Archeologico, Firenze. The Image of the Black in Western Art

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ust of a Lady of Ampuriae, Iberia (now Spain) Bronze, circa 100 AD

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Necrópolis de los Villares Detalle de Guerrero a Caballo (s. V ane). Rostro arcaico, con ojos almendrados delimitados por párpados finos. Peinado ondulado. Boca pequeña pero de labios carnosos. El cinturón ancho, la camisa en "V" y los correajes, habituales en las representaciones de guerreros ibéricos. Museo de Albacete.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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This marvellous bust is one of the very few documents of an actual Black person from Greek and Roman antiquity.

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Lucius Septimius Severus (145 - 211) an Ancient Roman soldier stationed in Egypt in the 1st century BC. Serverus was born in Leptis Magna in the province of Africa in and was Roman Emporer from 193 to 211.
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by mena7:


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Lucius Septimius Severus (145 - 211) an Ancient Roman soldier stationed in Egypt in the 1st century BC. Serverus was born in Leptis Magna in the province of Africa in and was Roman Emporer from 193 to 211. [/QB]

^ This is not Septimius Severus

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http://medievalpoc.tumblr.com/post/67763726030/ancient-art-week-black-youth-with-pierced-ears

Black Youth with Pierced Ears

Hellenistic

Marble, 26 cm.

Museo Nazionale Romano, Rome.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Thank you for the correction Lioness I dont know why the poster identify this Black Roman as Roman Emperor Septimius Severus.

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Emperor Carinus, Roman bust (marble), 3rd century AD, (Centrale Montemartini, Rome)

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Emperor Caracalla, Roman bust (marble), 3rd century AD, (Musée du Louvre, Paris)...granted citizenship to all inhabitants of the roman empire,2nd Romano-african emperor

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Bust of a young lady contempory of Hadrian, Roman , ca 120 A.D. marble.

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A ROMAN MARBLE PORTRAIT HEAD OF A WOMAN FLAVIAN PERIOD, CIRCA 75-90 A.D.

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Portrait head of an elderly man, Roman Late 1st c. BC–early 1st c. AB, marble The cheeks are sunken and haggard in the old man’s face, which is furrowed with deep wrinkles. Although it is a naturalistic portrayal of this stage in life, it manifests neither decrepitude nor frailty, but radiates resilience and ascetic toughness

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Notable man, Roman bust (marble), 1st century BC,
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Roman mosaic depicting Rome founders twin Gemini Romulus and Remus as having black heads, wearing orange clothes while suckling a black she wolf. To be fair there are other mosaics showing Romulus and Remus to be Brown and White people.I first saw that mosaic in the National Geographic magazine special issue The Most Influential Figures of the Ancient World.

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Mosaic depicting the She-wolf with Romulus and Remus, from Aldborough, about 300-400 AD, Leeds City Museum

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mosaic with a wolf suckling twins ma arrat al nu man syria https pbs twimg com media b47mipuimaa w0w jpg large

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Emperor Hadrian bust with Black God Bes on his armor.
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by mena7:


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Emperor Hadrian bust with Black God Bes on his armor. [/QB]

How do you know this is Bes?
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Legendary founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus, with their wolf foster mother, bronze sculpture

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Roman mosaic depicting the she-wolf, lying down, with Romulus & Remus.

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Modern Romulus and Remus mosaic Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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God Bes with his tongue out

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Lioness you can see the tongue out similarity between the Egyptian God Bes and the Roman flat nose God.
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
It might be Bes but I tried to find a reference and couldn't find one.
I don't know if the tongue out is enough to prove it.
Does Bes appear in some other Roman art?
The head above has wavy hair. I don't know who its supposed to be.
There are simialr sculptures of Hadrain where the head on the chest plate is Medusa


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Fragments of an Archaic statue of
Gorgon Medusa, from the old Athena
Temple of the Athens Acropolis.
Pentelic marble.

Acropolis Museum, Athens.
Inv. No. Acr. 701.


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The figure of the Gorgon Medusa, or just her head (the Gorgoneion), on a
billonstatere from Lesbos.
Circa 500 BC.

Altes Museum, Berlin.


There are several versions of myths concerning the Gorgons, related by ancient authors. According to Hesiod's Theogony (Shield of Heracles), there were three gorgon sisters, daughters of the chthonic sea deities Phorkys and Keto: Stheno (the mighty), Euryale (the far-springer) and Medusa (the queen, or guardian, protectress), who was mortal.


 -


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Winged head of Medusa on the shield of the "Varvakeion Athena"
statuette. From Athens, 3rd century AD
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by mena7:
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God Bes with his tongue out

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Lioness you can see the tongue out similarity between the Egyptian God Bes and the Roman flat nose God.

This is not strange, considering the Roman empire had ruled over Egypt for a considerable time. Mainly for economical reasons. So the influence is logical.

quote:
God Bes as a Roman soldier 30 BC-200 AD

This unusual terra-cotta figurine represents the Egyptian god Bes as a Roman soldier, 30 BC - 200 AD.

“In the Roman period, Bes was perhaps adopted as a military god since he was often portrayed in the costume of a legionary brandishing a sword” (Shaw & Nicholson 1995:54).


Bibliography (for this item)

Khalil, Hassan M.
1976 Preliminary Studies on the Sanusret Collection. Manuscript, Musée l’Egypte et le Monde Antique, Monaco-Ville, Monaco. ([III], 345)

Shaw, Ian, and Paul Nicholson
1995 The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. British Museum Press, London, United Kingdom. (54)


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http://www.virtual-egyptian-museum.org/Collection/FullVisit/Collection.FullVisit-JFR.html?../Content/POT.LL.00403.html&0
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
Bes is depicted with a beard, is male and sometimes as a baboon
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Acropolis warrior Bronze head. Severe Style, 490-480 BCE. From the Athenian Acropolis. National Archaeological Museum Athens, Greece
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
This book contains convincing evidence and persuasive arguments to cause a stir among historians - Egyptologists in particular - as it will expose archaeological findings excavated in an area that has never been thought to have historical significance. This is no place other than Hargeisa, the capital of Somaliland, and surrounding areas. While the ground-breaking information contained in this book is hoped to bring the long standing argument on the location of the mysterious Land of Punt almost to a close, it will also shed a new light on the race controversy surrounding ancient Egyptian
--Ahmed Ibrahim Awale

The Mystery of the Land of Punt Unravelled (2015)


quote:

Baboon mummy analysis reveals Eritrea and Ethiopia as location of land of Punt


Analysis of mummified baboons in the British Museum has revealed the location of the land of Punt as the area between Ethiopia and Eritrea. To the Egyptians, Punt was a place of fragrances, giraffes, electrum and other exotic goods, and was sometimes referred to as Ta-netjer, or 'God’s land'.

There are several ancient Egyptian texts that record trade voyages to the Land of Punt, dating up until the end of the New Kingdom, 3,000 years ago. But until now scholars did not know where Punt was. Ancient texts offer only vague allusions to its location and no 'Puntite' civilization has been discovered. Somalia, Ethiopia, Yemen and even Mozambique have all been offered as possible locations.

However, it appears that the search for Punt may have come to an end according to new research which claims to prove that it was located in Eritrea/East Ethiopia. Live baboons were among the goods that we know the Egyptians got from Punt. The research team included Professor Salima Ikram from the Egyptian Museum, Cairo, and Professor Nathaniel Dominy and graduate student Gillian Leigh Moritz, both from the University of California, Santa Cruz.

The team studied two baboon mummies in the British Museum. By analysing hairs from these baboons using oxygen isotope analysis, they were able to work out where they originated. Oxygen isotopes act as a 'signal' that can let scientists know where they came from. Depending on the environment an animal lived in, the ratio of different isotopes of oxygen will be different. “Oxygen tends to vary as a function of rainfall and the water composition of plants and seed,” said Professor Nathaniel Dominy of UC Santa Cruz.

Only one of the two baboons was suitable for the research – the other had spent time in Thebes as an exotic pet, and so its isotopic data had been distorted. Working on the baboon discovered in the Valley of the Kings, the researchers compared the oxygen isotope values in the ancient baboons to those found in their modern day brethren. Although isotope values in baboons in Somalia, Yemen and Mozambique did not match, those in Eritrea and Eastern Ethiopia were closely matched.

“All of our specimens in Eritrea and a certain number of our specimens from Ethiopia – that are basically due west from Eritrea – those are good matches,” said Professor Dominy.

The team were unable to compare the mummies with baboons in Yemen. However, Professor Dominy reasoned that “We can tell, based on the isotopic maps of the region, that a baboon from Yemen would look an awful lot like a baboon from Somalia isotopically.” As Somalia is definitely not the place of origin for the baboon, this suggests that Yemen is not the place of origin either.

He concluded that “We think Punt is a sort of circumscribed region that includes eastern Ethiopia and all of Eritrea.”

The team also think that they may have discovered the location of the harbour that the Egyptians would have used to export the baboons and other goods back to Egypt. Dominy points to an area just outside the modern city of Massawa: “We have a specimen from that same harbour and that specimen is a very good match to the mummy.”

Next, the team hopes to get the British Museum’s permission to take a pea-sized sample of bone from the baboon mummy and use it strontium isotope testing. This would hopefully confirm Eritrea/Eastern Ethiopia as the baboon’s origin and narrow down its location more specifically.

http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/history/baboon-mummy-analysis-reveals-eritrea-and-ethiopia-as-location-of-land-of-punt-1954547.html
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Roman Period Plaster Funerary Mask of a Woman - Origin: Egypt Circa: 1 st Century AD ...

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Roman Period Plaster Funerary Mask of a Woman - LO.1312
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
^^ more blacks, it seems endless
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
LOL Lioness Afrocentric history is my favorite intellectual subject and my favorite hobby. I am never tired at looking at the pictures of Ancient monarchs, priests and Gods.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Lioness those pictures are not only the pictures of Black people in history they are also the picture of artifacts found in the greatest museums in the world.

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Roman Emperor Vespasian

 -
Roman Emperor Vespasian
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by mena7:
Lioness those pictures are not only the pictures of Black people in history they are also the picture of artifacts found in the greatest museums in the world.

 -
Roman Emperor Vespasian

 -
Roman Emperor Vespasian

You got mw on this one. There's no denying his very black looking features
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:
Originally posted by mena7:
Lioness those pictures are not only the pictures of Black people in history they are also the picture of artifacts found in the greatest museums in the world.

 -
Roman Emperor Vespasian

 -
Roman Emperor Vespasian

You got mw on this one. There's no denying his very black looking features
LOL What are black looking features?
 
Posted by Thereal (Member # 22452) on :
 
Obviously it's super short curly hair shadow black skin,very full lips and a broad nose because that's the features all Africans have and nothing else. ;-)
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by mena7:
Lioness those pictures are not only the pictures of Black people in history they are also the picture of artifacts found in the greatest museums in the world.

 -
Roman Emperor Vespasian

 -
Roman Emperor Vespasian

Look, mena posted this, this is the Black Romans and Greeks thread.

His features are undeniably East African and he has Black people hair which proves Emperor Vespasian was Black.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Mena: I think the Roman Flavian Dynasty was a Black family dynasty with dark skin and light skin Emperors and Emperesses having wooly hair to curly hair. There is even a coin of Emperess Domitia with braided hair. In the past people taught that only the Severus dynasty was Black because they came from Africa. Black people live in all seven and eight continents in Ancient time. Europe had a large in powerful Black population.

I think the Roman Emperors came from Black, Brown and White elite families. I think Julius Caesar, Nero (Black in Italian), Marcus Aurelius might have been Black consul and Emperors.

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Bust of Roman Emperor Vespasian by Guglielmo De La Plata 1515

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Roman Emperor Vespasian

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Roman Emperor Titus

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Roman Emperor Domitian

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Roman Emperor Titus

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Roman Emperor Titus

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Emperess Domitia, Domitian wife with braided hairstyle
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Roman Emperor Domitian and Empress Domitia

 - Roman Emperor Domitian

The Flavian dynasty was a Roman imperial dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 AD and 96 AD, encompassing the reigns of Vespasian (69–79), and his two sons Titus (79–81) and Domitian (81–96). The Flavians rose to power during the civil war of 69, known as the Year of the Four Emperors. After Galba and Otho died in quick succession, Vitellius became emperor in mid 69. His claim to the throne was quickly challenged by legions stationed in the Eastern provinces, who declared their commander Vespasian emperor in his place. The Second Battle of Bedriacum tilted the balance decisively in favour of the Flavian forces, who entered Rome on December 20. The following day, the Roman Senate officially declared Vespasian emperor of the Roman Empire, thus commencing the Flavian dynasty. Although the dynasty proved to be short-lived, several significant historic, economic and military events took place during their reign.

The reign of Titus was struck by multiple natural disasters, the most severe of which was the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79. The surrounding cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum were completely buried under ash and lava. One year later, Rome was struck by fire and a plague. On the military front, the Flavian dynasty witnessed the siege and destruction of Jerusalem by Titus in 70, following the failed Jewish rebellion of 66. Substantial conquests were made in Great Britain under command of Gnaeus Julius Agricola between 77 and 83, while Domitian was unable to procure a decisive victory against King Decebalus in the war against the Dacians. In addition, the Empire strengthened its border defenses by expanding the fortifications along the Limes Germanicus.

The Flavians initiated economic and cultural reforms. Under Vespasian, new taxes were devised to restore the Empire's finances, while Domitian revalued the Roman coinage by increasing its silver content. A massive building programme was enacted to celebrate the ascent of the Flavian dynasty, leaving multiple enduring landmarks in the city of Rome, the most spectacular of which was the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known as the Colosseum.

Flavian rule came to an end on September 18, 96, when Domitian was assassinated. He was succeeded by the longtime Flavian supporter and advisor Marcus Cocceius Nerva, who founded the long-lived Nerva–Antonine dynasty.

Vespasian (69–79)
Main article: Vespasian

Set of three aurei depicting the rulers of the Flavian dynasty. Top to bottom: Vespasian, Titus and Domitian.
Little factual information survives about Vespasian's government during the ten years he was Emperor. Vespasian spent his first year as a ruler in Egypt, during which the administration of the empire was given to Mucianus, aided by Vespasian's son Domitian. Modern historians believe that Vespasian remained there in order to consolidate support from the Egyptians.[33] In mid-70, Vespasian first came to Rome and immediately embarked on a widespread propaganda campaign to consolidate his power and promote the new dynasty. His reign is best known for financial reforms following the demise of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, such as the institution of the tax on urinals, and the numerous military campaigns fought during the 70s. The most significant of these was the First Jewish-Roman War, which ended in the destruction of the city of Jerusalem by Titus. In addition, Vespasian faced several uprisings in Egypt, Gaul and Germania, and reportedly survived several conspiracies against him.[34] Vespasian helped rebuild Rome after the civil war, adding a temple to peace and beginning construction of the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known as the Colosseum.[35] Vespasian died of natural causes on June 23, 79, and was immediately succeeded by his eldest son Titus.[36] The ancient historians that lived through the period such as Tacitus, Suetonius, Josephus and Pliny the Elder speak well of Vespasian while condemning the emperors that came before him.[37]

Titus (79–81)
Main article: Titus
Despite initial concerns over his character, Titus ruled to great acclaim following the death of Vespasian on June 23, 79 and was considered a good emperor by Suetonius and other contemporary historians.[38] In this role he is best known for his public building program in Rome, and completing the construction of the Colosseum in 80,[39] but also for his generosity in relieving the suffering caused by two disasters, the Mount Vesuvius eruption of 79, and the fire of Rome of 80.[40] Titus continued his father's efforts to promote the Flavian dynasty. He revived practice of the imperial cult, deified his father, and laid foundations for what would later become the Temple of Vespasian and Titus, which was finished by Domitian.[41][42] After barely two years in office, Titus unexpectedly died of a fever on September 13, 81, and was deified by the Roman Senate.[43]

Domitian (81–96)
Main article: Domitian
Domitian was declared emperor by the Praetorian Guard the day after Titus' death, commencing a reign which lasted more than fifteen years—longer than any man who had governed Rome since Tiberius. Domitian strengthened the economy by revaluing the Roman coinage,[44] expanded the border defenses of the Empire,[45] and initiated a massive building programme to restore the damaged city of Rome.[46] In Britain, Gnaeus Julius Agricola expanded the Roman Empire as far as modern day Scotland,[47] but in Dacia, Domitian was unable to procure a decisive victory in the war against the Dacians.[48] On September 18, 96, Domitian was assassinated by court officials, and with him the Flavian dynasty came to an end. The same day, he was succeeded by his friend and advisor Nerva, who founded the long-lasting Nervan-Antonian dynasty. Domitian's memory was condemned to oblivion by the Roman Senate, with which he had a notoriously difficult relationship throughout his reign. Senatorial authors such as Tacitus, Pliny the Younger and Suetonius published histories after his death, propagating the view of Domitian as a cruel and paranoid tyrant. Modern history has rejected these views, instead characterising Domitian as a ruthless but efficient autocrat, whose cultural, economic and political programme provided the foundation for the Principate of the peaceful 2nd century. His successors Nerva and Trajan were less restrictive, but in reality their policies differed little from Domitian's.[4
 
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Portrait of a North African Man 300 – 150 B.C. Found in Cyrene, Libya. Bronze and bone The British Museum

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Kouros (so-called “The Peiraeus Apollo”). Bronze. Early 5th cent. BCE, or 530—520 BCE. Athens, Archaeological Museum of Piraeus.

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Painted wooden mummy portrait of an aristocratic young man. Roman Period. 175-200 A.D. | The Barakat Gallery
 
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Emperor Titus, Roman statue (marble), 1st century AD, (Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples).

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Nice statue of White or Mulato Emperor Augustus
augustus..8/31/2009: On August 12, 2009, archaeologists found the gold-gilded, life-sized head of a horse and a shoe of the emperor – who ruled the Roman Empire between 23 BC and 14 AD – from a stream in what was once the Roman outpost Germania Magna. Experts there have unearthed several bits – including a horse hoof and a decorated chest strap – from the statue among some 20,000 artefacts uncovered at the site in recent years.

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Fondation J.-E Berger-World Art Treasures, Portrait de femme Epoque romaine: 110-120 Hawara Egypt mod

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Marcus Julius Gessius Alexianus -

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Geta CAESAR PVBLIVS SEPTIMIVS GETA AVGVSTUS Reign: 209 AD – December 26, 211 AD Death: December 19, 211 AD Murdered on the orders of Caracalla

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Domitian. Head: Asia Minor, local school, 84-96 CE. Bust: presumably, by Alessandro Vittoria, 16th cent. Marble. Inv. No. 252. Venice, National Archaeological Museum
 
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^ The are so many Black Romans

I can't even find and that are white looking !
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Lioness I think the Greek and Roman civilizations were civilization that had the original Black people, White people and their children the Brown people that are call today Mulato, Arab, Latino. for me if you are a mulato with Black people blood in a civilization created by Black people century earlier you are a Black person. There is no such thing as a White Hispanic in Ancient time.

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Acropolis Museum - kore votive

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Acropolis Kore, (Ancient Greek Teenager), 530 BCE. She wears a chiton, the lower garment with the wavy folds, under a heavy shawl-like epiblema. On her head is a curved tiara called a stephane. These statues are known for their ornately patterned hair, accessories, and archaic smiles.

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HE "KORE WITH THE EYES OF A SPHINX"_ Votive offering to Athena. Attic work in Parian marble. From the Acropolis of Athens, ca 500 BC. Athens, Acropolis Museum (by Metropolitan Museum Athens)

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ore de Eutidyco (h.490 a.C.), Atenas, Museo de la Acrópolis.

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Dama de Auxerre -Grecia 650 AC Piedra caliza Museo del Louvre. I'm a big Greek mythology/Greek history fan!

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Sarcophagus of a woman named Artemidora, Roman Egypt, 90-100 A.D.

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ancientpeoples: Mummy mask of a woman c. AD 100-120 Roman Egypt (Source: The British Museum)
 
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Septimius Severus (145-211) - Roman Empire (193-211).

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Caracalla

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Marble portrait of the Emperor Caracalla, the 22nd emperor, originally co-emperor with his brother Geta ... but not for long.

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Marble portrait of Marciana, sister of the emperor Trajan. Period: Hadrianic. Date: ca. A.D. 130–138. Culture: Roman.

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Pompeii - these are facial reconstructions made from the skulls found at the house of Marcus Julius Polybius

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A Roman marble torso of Aphrodite Circa 2nd Century A.D

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Three Graces, Roman marble relief, circa 2nd Century A.D.

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(c. 200-225 CE) Roman Marble Portrait of a Severan Woma
 
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Gordian III

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Marble head of Athena

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An Egyptian stucco mummy mask of a woman, Roman period, ca. 80-100 A.D.

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Marble head of an African. Roman. Syrian, c. 2nd century A.D. | Seattle Art Museum
 
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Byzantine Emperor Justinian 1 with braided hair

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Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian 1

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Byzantine Emperor Justinian I the great gold Carthage coin were he looks like a Black man with flat nose, big lips and big eyes

Justinian I (/dʒʌˈstɪniən/; Latin: Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus Augustus; Greek: Φλάβιος Πέτρος Σαββάτιος Ἰουστινιανός Flávios Pétros Sabbátios Ioustinianós) (c. 482 – 14 November 565), traditionally known as Justinian the Great and also Saint Justinian the Great in the Eastern Orthodox Church, was a Byzantine (East Roman) emperor from 527 to 565. During his reign, Justinian sought to revive the empire's greatness and reconquer the lost western half of the historical Roman Empire. Justinian's rule constitutes a distinct epoch in the history of the Later Roman empire, and his reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized renovatio imperii, or "restoration of the Empire".[3]

Because of his restoration activities, Justinian has sometimes been called the "last Roman" in modern historiography.[4] This ambition was expressed by the partial recovery of the territories of the defunct western Roman empire.[5] His general, Belisarius, swiftly conquered the Vandal kingdom in North Africa. Subsequently Belisarius, Narses, and other generals conquered the Ostrogothic kingdom, restoring Dalmatia, Sicily, Italy, and Rome to the empire after more than half a century of rule by the Ostrogoths. The prefect Liberius reclaimed the south of the Iberian peninsula, establishing the province of Spania. These campaigns re-established Roman control over the western Mediterranean, increasing the Empire's annual revenue by over a million solidi.[6] During his reign Justinian also subdued the Tzani, a people on the east coast of the Black Sea that had never been under Roman rule before.[7]

A still more resonant aspect of his legacy was the uniform rewriting of Roman law, the Corpus Juris Civilis, which is still the basis of civil law in many modern states.[8] His reign also marked a blossoming of Byzantine culture, and his building program yielded such masterpieces as the church of Hagia Sophia. A devastating outbreak of bubonic plague in the early 540s marked the end of an age of splendour.

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Bust of Roman Emperor Diocletian who looks like a Black Emperor

Diocletian (/ˌdaɪ.əˈkliːʃən/; Latin: Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus), born Diocles (244–312),[3][5] was a Roman emperor from 284 to 305. Born to a family of low status in the Roman province of Dalmatia, Diocletian rose through the ranks of the military to become cavalry commander to the Emperor Carus. After the deaths of Carus and his son Numerian on campaign in Persia, Diocletian was proclaimed emperor. The title was also claimed by Carus' other surviving son, Carinus, but Diocletian defeated him in the Battle of the Margus. Diocletian's reign stabilized the empire and marks the end of the Crisis of the Third Century. He appointed fellow officer Maximian as Augustus, co-emperor, in 286.

Diocletian delegated further on 1 March 293, appointing Galerius and Constantius as Caesars, junior co-emperors. Under this 'tetrarchy', or "rule of four", each emperor would rule over a quarter-division of the empire. Diocletian secured the empire's borders and purged it of all threats to his power. He defeated the Sarmatians and Carpi during several campaigns between 285 and 299, the Alamanni in 288, and usurpers in Egypt between 297 and 298. Galerius, aided by Diocletian, campaigned successfully against Sassanid Persia, the empire's traditional enemy. In 299 he sacked their capital, Ctesiphon. Diocletian led the subsequent negotiations and achieved a lasting and favorable peace.

Diocletian separated and enlarged the empire's civil and military services and reorganized the empire's provincial divisions, establishing the largest and most bureaucratic government in the history of the empire. He established new administrative centres in Nicomedia, Mediolanum, Antioch, and Trier, closer to the empire's frontiers than the traditional capital at Rome had been. Building on third-century trends towards absolutism, he styled himself an autocrat, elevating himself above the empire's masses with imposing forms of court ceremonies and architecture. Bureaucratic and military growth, constant campaigning, and construction projects increased the state's expenditures and necessitated a comprehensive tax reform. From at least 297 on, imperial taxation was standardized, made more equitable, and levied at generally higher rates.

Not all of Diocletian's plans were successful: the Edict on Maximum Prices (301), his attempt to curb inflation via price controls, was counterproductive and quickly ignored. Although effective while he ruled, Diocletian's tetrarchic system collapsed after his abdication under the competing dynastic claims of Maxentius and Constantine, sons of Maximian and Constantius respectively. The Diocletianic Persecution (303–11), the empire's last, largest, and bloodiest official persecution of Christianity, did not destroy the empire's Christian community; indeed, after 324 Christianity became the empire's preferred religion under its first Christian emperor, Constantine.

In spite of these failures and challenges, Diocletian's reforms fundamentally changed the structure of Roman imperial government and helped stabilize the empire economically and militarily, enabling the empire to remain essentially intact for another hundred years despite being near the brink of collapse in Diocletian's youth. Weakened by illness, Diocletian left the imperial office on 1 May 305, and became the first Roman emperor to abdicate the position voluntarily. He lived out his retirement in his palace on the Dalmatian coast, tending to his vegetable gardens. His palace eventually became the core of the modern-day city of Split in Croatia.

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Emperor Maximinus Daia or Daza looks like a Black Emperor

Maximinus II (Latin: Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus Daia Augustus; 20 November c. 270 – July or August 313), also known as Maximinus Daia or Maximinus Daza, was Roman Emperor from 308 to 313. He became embroiled in the Civil wars of the Tetrarchy between rival claimants for control of the empire, in which he was defeated by Licinius. A committed pagan, he engaged in one of the last persecutions of Christians.

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Black or Brown Roman Emperor Constantine founder of the city of Constantinople, the Eastern Roman Empire and modern European Christianity

Constantine the Great (Latin: Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus;[2] Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας; 27 February c. 272 AD[1] – 22 May 337 AD), also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine (in the Orthodox Church as Saint Constantine the Great, Equal-to-the-Apostles),[3] was a Roman Emperor from 306 to 337 AD. Constantine was the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman army officer, and his consort Helena. His father became Caesar, the deputy emperor in the west in 293 AD. Constantine was sent east, where he rose through the ranks to become a military tribune under the emperors Diocletian and Galerius. In 305, Constantius was raised to the rank of Augustus, senior western emperor, and Constantine was recalled west to campaign under his father in Britannia (Britain). Acclaimed as emperor by the army at Eboracum (modern-day York) after his father's death in 306 AD, Constantine emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against the emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of both west and east by 324 AD.

As emperor, Constantine enacted many administrative, financial, social, and military reforms to strengthen the empire. The government was restructured and civil and military authority separated. A new gold coin, the solidus, was introduced to combat inflation. It would become the standard for Byzantine and European currencies for more than a thousand years. The first Roman emperor to claim conversion to Christianity,[notes 4] Constantine played an influential role in the proclamation of the Edict of Milan in 313, which decreed tolerance for Christianity in the empire. He called the First Council of Nicaea in 325, at which the Nicene Creed was professed by Christians. In military matters, the Roman army was reorganised to consist of mobile field units and garrison soldiers capable of countering internal threats and barbarian invasions. Constantine pursued successful campaigns against the tribes on the Roman frontiers—the Franks, the Alamanni, the Goths, and the Sarmatians—even resettling territories abandoned by his predecessors during the Crisis of the Third Century.

The age of Constantine marked a distinct epoch in the history of the Roman Empire.[5] He built a new imperial residence at Byzantium and renamed the city Constantinople after himself (the laudatory epithet of "New Rome" came later, and was never an official title). It would later become the capital of the Empire for over one thousand years; for which reason the later Eastern Empire would come to be known as the Byzantine Empire. His more immediate political legacy was that, in leaving the empire to his sons, he replaced Diocletian's tetrarchy with the principle of dynastic succession. His reputation flourished during the lifetime of his children and centuries after his reign. The medieval church upheld him as a paragon of virtue while secular rulers invoked him as a prototype, a point of reference, and the symbol of imperial legitimacy and identity.[6] Beginning with the Renaissance, there were more critical appraisals of his reign due to the rediscovery of anti-Constantinian sources. Critics portrayed him as a tyrant. Trends in modern and recent scholarship attempted to balance the extremes of previous scholarship.

Constantine is a significant figure in the history of Christianity. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, built on his orders at the purported site of Jesus' tomb in Jerusalem, became the holiest place in Christendom. The Papal claim to temporal power in the High Middle Ages was based on the supposed Donation of Constantine. He is venerated as a saint by Eastern Orthodox, Byzantine Catholics, and Anglicans.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Beautiful!Fayum mummy portrait.modifay

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Fayum child portrait

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Bust of a young lady contempory of Hadrian, Roman , ca 120 A.D. marble.

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Portrait of a Noblewoman Date between 145 and 155 Medium
 
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Etruscan bronze statuette of an athlete C.450BC Arezzo. Cabinet des Medailles museum, Paris

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Roman era funerary mask of a woman on display in the Museum
 
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Etruscan Vulci or Volci is an Etruscan city in the Province of Viterbo, north to Rome, Italy. The Vulci were a tribe or people as well as a city. They were one of the legendary twelve peoples of Etruscan civilization, who formed into the Etruscan League, a confederacy of self-interest.

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Zeus di Ugento -

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Eretria was an Ionian city-state of ancient Greece. The Eretrians were located right across a narrow body of water from Athens and they were…

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Arte Ibérico. Cabeza femenina. Datada entre el 300 y 100 a. C. Forma parte del conjunto del Cerro de los Santos.

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Terracotta figure of a girl seated on a bench, possibly a local copy of a Greek ‘Tanagra’ type figurine, 3rd century BC, from a house in the town area of Naukratis | MFA, Boston

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Terracotta Relief of Skylla-Greek, about 465-435 BC

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Amazing 4,200 yr-old Silver cups with linear-Elamite inscription showing Elamite ladies in Elamite style dress; discovered in Marvdasht, Pars Provinc. circa Late 2200 BC, Elamite - IRAN. (National Museum of Iran) جامهای نقره‌ با نقش بانوی عیلامی،از دوره عیلامی کهن IranologySociety.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Trumpet with a swelling decorated with a human head; Silver; Iran, Bactrian period (late 3rd–early 2nd millenium BC) | Louvre Museum

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Unknown (Egypt); Male portrait; From 100 until 125 AD; Marble, copper and pietre dure | Louvre Museum

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Limestone funerary bust so called ”The Beauty of Palmyra”, AD 190-210 | Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen

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Woman from Pratica di Mare, Antiquarium. 500-400 BC.

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Etruscan bronze

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GREEK STYLE HEAD OF A SATYR FROM CENTRAL ASIA, WITH INFLUENCE FROM GHANDHARA, CIRCA 200 - 100 BC

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Unknown, Openwork Relief Appliqué of a Bearded Male, Greek (Laconian), 550 - 525 B.C., H: 12.5

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Limestone portrait of a Palmyrene lady called Aha, Daughter of Zabdila, 149 AD | Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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The lady Marti, a funerary portrait of a woman from Palmyra, c. 170-190 CE | Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen

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The limestone funerary portrait of Aqma, daughter of Atelena Hajeuja (left) has just appeared on the Emergency Red List of Syrian Cultural Objects at Risk. She is number 9 on this list published by the International Council of Museums. Aqma died some time in the middle of the 2nd century CE and her effigy was placed in the elegant Breiki family tomb in the necropolis. After the tomb was excavated (1958), her portrait was taken along with those of her relatives to the Palmyra Museum.

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Mithridates VI wearing a lion head, 120 BCE- 63 BCE. King of Pontus, centered below the Caspian Sea, was the Hellenistic enemy of Rome. He controlled most of the shores of the Black Sea and its huge resources. In his first war, he conquered all of Asia Minor, where he massacred resident Romans and Italians. He took Greece before Roman legions forced him back, in his 3rd war he was pushed into Crimea where he killed himself.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Terracotta statuette of a standing woman Period: Classical Date: late 4th–early 3rd century B.C. Culture: Greek, probably Boeotian

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Relief depicting a juggler from the stela of Settimia Spica (stone). Roman, (1st century AD). Museo della Civilta Romana, Rome, Italy

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Italy, Bologna, Monte Acuto Ragazza, Bronze statue depicting female youth praying. Etruscan civilization, 5th century b.C. Artwork-location: Bologna, Museo Civico Archeologico (Archaeological Museum)

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Trebonianus Gallus, Roman Emperor, reigned 251-253, Location TBDo

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Marcus Livius Drusus Salinator (254 BC – ca. 204 BC), the son of Marcus (a member of the gens Livia), was a Roman consul who fought in both the First and the Second Punic Wars most notably during the Battle of the Metaurus. Born in 254 BC, Livius was elected consul of the Roman Republic with Lucius Aemilius Paulus shortly before the Second Illyrian War in 219 BC.

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Julius Caesar, the brilliant Roman general and politician, lived from July 100 B.C.E. until his assassination on March 15, 44 B.C.E.

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A FUNERARY RELIEF OF A PRIEST. Limestone, red paint. Palmyra, mid 2nd cent. CE.

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Lime stone Bust - Palmyra, 50-150CA
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Etruscan Vase, 4th C. BCE. Etruscans were originally black people, but due to the arrival of "whites" to the homeland, interracial marriages soared. Later on, their population multi-racial.

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Terracotta from Palmyra in Syria, 190-210 BC, decorated with rich jewelry.

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Oenochoé en forme de tête de jeune homme, Fin du Ve - début du IVe siècle avant J.-C.; Gabies, Italie; Bronze coulé et incisé, H.: 32 cm | Musée du Louvre

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Portrait de jeune homme, Vers 300 av. J.-C.; Provenance : environs de Fiesole; Bronze, H.: 30 cm | Musée du Louvre

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ate Hellenistic Bronze Head of a Young Man 2 nd-1st BC
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Anda, si es mamá! - Una mamá bloguera: La lactancia materna en el arte | Madre babilonia


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Ancient Greece basket exhibited at Louvre Museum Terracotta

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Co-Emperor Lucius Verus

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Oenochoé en forme de tête de jeune homme, Fin du Ve - début du IVe siècle avant J.-C.; Gabies, Italie; Bronze coulé et incisé, H.: 32 cm | Musée du Louvre

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KORÉ À LA COLOMBE. Grande statuette représentant une koré debout sur une base. Elle est vêtue d'un long chiton couvert d'un himation plissé dont elle saisit un pan de la main gauche; de la main droite, elle tient une colombe à hauteur de la poitrine. Sa coiffure, formée de longues parotides, est ceinte d'un polos. Terre cuite orangée. Art Grec, fin du VIe siècle av. J.-C.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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L'Empereur Gordien III Empereur de 238 - 244 après J.-C. Entre 242 et 244 après J.-C. Gabies Marbre Art romain | Site officiel du musée du Louvre

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A ROMAN BRONZE PLAQUE CIRCA 1ST-2ND CENTURY A.D. | Christie's

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Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, statesman and general, prominent citizen, life-long friend and son-in-law of Augustus, Roman bust (marble), 1st century BC, (Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence).


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ROMAN MONEY 1ST-3RD CE Gold aureus with facing portrait of Postumus (260-269), who led a revolt against Emperor Gallienus and ruled over Britain, Gaul and Spain but never acchieved total control. CM 1864.11-28.141 British Museum, London, Great Britain

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Fulvia Plautilla, wife of Caracalla. Marble. Late 2nd — early 3rd cent. CE. Inv. No. NAM 358. Athens, New Acropolis Museum.

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Greek bronze figure of an African, Hellenistic Period, circa late 2nd-early 1st Century B.C., 10 1/4
+72 boards
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Tanagra Terracotta, Greece, 3rd century BC.

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oung woman sitting on a rock and playing the lute or pandura. First quarter of the 3rd century BC Discovered in: Tanagra (site) (origin). Kept at the Louvre in Paris. Paris, musée du Louvre

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Mourning woman. Terracotta, made in Boeotia, ca. 300–275 BC.

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Statuette of Aphrodite or a Muse leaning on a pillar | Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Greek. 300–250 B.C. Findspot, Eretria, Euboia, Greece. A pin-hole in the top of the pillar and another on her shoulder indicate that another figure - presumably Eros - orginally was part of the group.

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Terracotta Tanagra figure of woman, probably Aphrodite - from Corinth, 3rd-2nd century BC, at the British Museum

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Bust of Trajan as an old man. Bronze. About 117 A.D. Ankara, Archaeological Museum.

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Caligula (Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus), 12-41 AD Roman Emperor, as a Young Man

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Seneca", bronze with inlaid eyes, Roman, 1st century CE. Found in the Villa of the Papyri in Herculaneum. While commonly called Seneca that is only one possibility and academics usually refer to it more correctly as the head of a man, possibly a poet or philosopher.
 
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[img] [IMG]https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/2c/9c/98/2c9c988edd26d777525cd8ea018516ae.jpg [/img][/IMG]
Roman bronze balsamarium in form of a bust of Antinous with finely incised swirls of hair, wearing a necklace with pendant and the skin of an animal over the shoulder. 2nd century A.D.

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Etruscan anthropomorphic balsamarium vessel, ca. 3rd-2nd century BCE.

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Perfume jar (balsamarium) in the shape of female head (Aphrodite / Turan?) 3RD-2 ND BC ETRUSCAN

[IMG]Terracotta figure of Aphrodite crowning a herm of Dionysos with an ivy wreath - 100 BC, circa from Myrina, now British Museum[/IMG]
Corinthian_terracotta_statue_of_Aphrodite_4th_century_BC_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_01. Die Liebesgöttin Aphrodite in enganliegenden Untergewand. Der Mantel ist im die Hüfte geschlungen. In der linken Hand steckte ein Zweig. Korinthische Terrakotta 4.Jhdt. v.Chr. Staatliche Antikensammlungen München

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Danseuses. Titre anglais : terracotta figures of a dancing girl. Période : 2e siècle av J.-C., 3e siècle av J.-C., Grèce antique (période). Lieu de découverte : Centuripe (origine). Royaume-Uni, Londres, British Museum

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Faces of Ancient Etruscan Civilization

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Female head. Italic, Etruscan. , about 400 B.C. Terracotta

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Roman bronze balsamarium in form of a bust of Antinous with finely incised swirls of hair, wearing a necklace with pendant and the skin of an animal over the shoulder. 2nd century A.D.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Faustina the Younger as Fortuna (Tyche), daughter of Emperor Antoninus Pius and wife and cousin of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, head of Roman sculpture (marble), 2nd century AD, (Civico Museo Archeologico, Milan).


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HE SMALL PIRAEUS ARTEMIS_ Detail from a bronze statue of Artemis, the smaller of two representing the goddess, found along with two more bronze statues and a bronze mask in the celebrated "Piraeus Find". 4th C. BC. Piraeus Archaeological Museum (by Metropolitan Museum Athens)

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Spartan Warrior is one of our few remaining examples of Spartan art. Sparta or Lacedaemon was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece, situated on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese. Around 650 BC, it rose to become the dominant military land-power in ancient Greece.

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Etruscan sculptural group representing young woman offering libation phiale to warrior, from Marzabotto, Bologna Province, Italy. Artwork-location: Marzabotto, Museo Nazionale Etrusco Pompeo Aria (Archaeological Museum)

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A Marble Head of Zeus, Roman Imperial, late 1st/2nd Century A.D., on an 18th Century bustk
 
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
 
^Anyone notice that mena7 does NOT search out and post Black Greek and Roman artifacts (of which there are many), but rather, posts the fakes that can be found anywhere, and which support fake Albino history.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Mike most of the time I post pictures of Black and Mulato Greeks and Romans, sometime I will post pictures of White Greeks and Romans. I think Graeco Romans civilization was composed of people of different races like the original Black Europeans, the White Europeans and Central Asians and the majority Brown and Mulato children of the Black and White people.

The majority White Graeco Roman artifacts in Western museums have been reworked during renovations to look Caucasians. They do that by changing the noses, mouth and the hairs. I post White Graeco Roman artifacts because sometime I can see the Black culture that the renovators or falsificators miss out in the hairstyles, jewleries, clothings, objects and religious animals that we can also see in Ancient Egyptian and African artifacts.


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Bronze statue of Hadrian, 2nd century CE, from Adana, Istanbul Archaeological Museum Hadrian (76-138 CE) was the fourteenth Emperor of Rome (10 August 117 to 10 July 138 CE) and is known as the third of the Five Good Emperors (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius) who ruled justly. Born Publius Aelius Hadrianus, probably in Hispania, Hadrian is best known for his substantial building projects throughout the Roman Empire and, especially, Hadrian’s Wall in northern Brita...

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Girl, Roman bust (marble), 3rd century AD, (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna).

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) Bust of Julia Mamaea b) 220-230 c) marble d) Capitoline Museum, Rome e) Severus Alexander's mother, hairstyle is similar to portraits of Julia Domna - centre part, waves, but less grand. Distant gaze, like other portraiture of time a reflection of instability?
 
Posted by the lioness, (Member # 17353) on :
 
^ See MIke, mena posted some blacks for you as we can see by the hair
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Bust of a High Ranking Roman (Ref No. 7141) - Windsor House Antiques

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A Bust of a Roman Politician Marcus Antonius (Ref No. 7138) - Windsor House Antiques

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Bust of a Roman Emperor Septimus Severus (Ref No. 7140) - Windsor House Antiques

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Bust of A Roman Emperor Caracalla (Ref No. 7139) - Windsor House Antiques

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Bust of a Roman Politician Marcus Junius Brutus (Ref No. 7142) - Windsor House Antiques

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Bust of a Roman Popularis Politician Tiberius Gracchus (Ref No. 7089) - Windsor House Antiques
+188 boards

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Royal Bust of a Moorish Lord.

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People of Color in European Art History
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
I like Afrocentric history because there is always a new knowledge to learn and a new artifact to discover.

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Unloading of cargo and port controls, bas-relief, Roman civilisation, 1st-2nd century

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Woman or Goddess from middle of 4th century B.C.

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Venus figurine from Kostenki | 23 000 - 21 000 BC. Limestone H 10.2 cm. This figurine represents the Palaeolithic ‘Venus’, with overlarge breasts and belly.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Equestrian statuette of Alexander the Great (1st century BC) from Herculaneum - Museo Arch. Napoli

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Statuette of Alexander the Great wearing the aegis. Dates to the 1st century BC, discovered in Alexandria, Egypt.

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Alexander the Great, Roman statuette (bronze and silver), copy after Greek original, 1st-3rd century AD, (Walters Art Museum, Baltimore).

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From February 25 – March 6, Christie's Hong Kong is proud to present Statement Jewels, an online-only auction featuring an array of stunning diamond rings, elegant jadeite earrings, unique watches and more. Whether it's a Van Cleef & Arpels ring or a vintage Chopard watch, this collection features a number of conversation starters. With estimates starting at HK$2,000, there is an opportunity to acquire statement-making accessories that add a sparkle to any wardrobe.

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Unknown Artist, Statuette of a Woman with Pomegranate, Etruscan, 5th century BC | Harvard Art Museums/ Sackler Museum

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Etruscan bronze warrior, circa 450-400 B.C., 6 1/8 inches high Lot 45, shown above, has a quite extraordinary pose for a small bronze. It shows an Etruscan warrior doffing his high-crested, crenellated Corinthian helmet and holding out in his left arm a large shield. This lot, circa 450-400 B.C., was exhibited at the Master Bronzes of the Classical World Exhibition in 1967 and 1968 that traveled from the Fogg Art Museum in Cambridge, Mass., to the City Art Museum of St. Louis

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Roman Egyptian Fayum portrait with ankh

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Ancient Art Week! Greek Coin Greece (c. 490 B.C.E.) Silver, 10 mm. The Image of the Black in Western Art Research Project and Photo Archive, W.E.B. Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research, Harvard University
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Museo Etrusco di Villa Giulia Apollo dello Scasato

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Etruscan terracotta votive statue of a youth. 3rd-2nd century B.C. 43,3 in. high. Ancienne collection américaine, début d

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Etruscan, bronze statuette offerings bearer, 5th century BC.

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Cabeza de un guerrero Etrusco . Arcaico Tardio . 1er cuarto del siglo V a.C. Terracota . Templo Porto naccio en Veii ./tcc/

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Etruscan

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Bronze head of Emperor Hadrian (76-138 a.d.)

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Etruscan terracotta lid of a funeral urn, 6th century BCE, from Chiusi. Museo Archaeologico di Sicilia, Palermo, Italy

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pollo statue from Etruscan culture, known as "Apollo Veii" - found the Temple at Veii, Italy
 
Posted by Suliman (Member # 22767) on :
 
The Balkans have the highest frequencies of E1b1b outside of Africa
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Three of the coins date from 31 BC when they were issued by Roman general Mark Antony 14 January 83 BC to 1 August 30 BC. A granite bust is shown

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Some of the coins date from the rule of Emperor Nero, (bust pictured left) between 54 and 68AD. He was known for being cruel and extravagant. The most recent coins among the hoard were issued by Marcus Aurelius, (bust shown right) who ruled from 161AD to 180AD


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The rare hoard was discovered within a mile from another historic find of 130 denarii, which was unearthed 15 years ago. This image shows a Marcus Aurelius coin from the newly-discovered hoard

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The three silver denarii were found among the 'new' hoard of 91 coins, including those issued by Roman rulers spanning 200 years. A selection from the Wick hoard are shown above

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A numismatist has said the denarii may be 'worth tens of thousands of pounds'. A close-up of a coin bearing the image of Marcus Aurelius, which was among the hoard, is shown above
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Rome-marble-Greek-General-after-4c-BC-bronze-1st-2nd-cent-

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Sestercio de Titus Caesar , 69-79 ./tcc/

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Roman Emperor Titus

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Cleopatra VII, denarius Portrait of the Queen; obverse portrait of Antony. 32-31 BCE. Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo

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Antony and Cleopatra VII, denarius. portrait of Antony Obverse Portrait of the Queen; 32-31 BCE. Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo

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Coin of Roman Emperor Vitelius

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Dupondio - bronzo - Roma (64 d.C. Nerone) - MAC AUG facciata del Macellum Magnum a due piani, con scala, porticus e cupola, due ali laterali e statua maschile con scettro - Münzkabinett Berlin
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Bassorilievo raffigurante San Giorgio Monastero di Vatopedi - Grecia - Tardo XI secolo

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Gold coin of the Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno (c. 425 – 9 April 491). Born in Isauria region (Turkey) with the name Traskalisseus Rousoumbladeotes, transliterated in Latin as Tarasis or Tarasicodissa, he became son-in-law of Emperor Leo I, co-emperor and then sole emperor. However neither the new name Zeno nor his ability as commander in chief and politician avoided him the hostility of those who regarded him as a barbarian

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jeannepompadour: Ivory sculpture of Byzantine Empress Ariadne from Constantinople, 6th c.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Sculpture was never really popular in byzantine art. The main reason for this was the close association of this form of art with th...

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Icône : Saint Démétrios Stéatite : Empire byzantin, début du XIVe siècle Cadre d'argent sur âme de bois : Balkans, XVIe siècle H. : 17,50 cm. ; L. : 13,50 cm. Ancienne collection Sarropoulos, Béhague, Ganay ; acquisition 1989 Département des Objets d'art OA 11219

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Byzantine ivory 5th. Empress Ariadne (died 515CE) first married to Emperor Zenon,after his death to Anastasius Kunsthistoriches Museum -Viena
 
Posted by Autshumato (Member # 22722) on :
 
Awesome pics!
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Thanks Autshumato, It doesnt make sense that Western historians in their history books classified Graeco Roman civilization as a White people civilizations. I am asking myself if those Western historians ever visited a museum. Graeco Roman museum artifacts shows people belonging to the Mulato/Brown, Black and White races. In Egyptsearch forum my goal was to focus on Black Egyptian artifacts however i have spent so much time on Black Graeco Roman artifacts.

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Bust of Ptolemy Apion, From the Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum.
Mena: statue of Ptolemy Apion with a braid hairstyle.

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Emperor Maxentius as Pontifex Maximus (close-up). Marble. 307—312 CE.

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Bust of a Roman from Russian museum

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This image depicts a diamond or lenticular section sword with a characteristically Byzantine hilt.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Portrait of an unknown man. Marble. 1st century BCE. Inv. No. L.2007.8.3. New York, the Metropolitan Museum of Art

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relieves en arcilla rostros arte etrusco

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A cast of a head from the Celtic Iron Age. Certain scholars have maintained this head be a representation of the Celtic Mercury, often dubbed Lugus and identified with the Irish Lug and Welsh Lleu of later literary tradition.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Gratian, Roman emperor from 367 to 383 - also known as Flavius Gratianus Augustus. Born 359 in Sremska Mitrovica, Pannonia, Died 25 August, 383 in Lugdunum, Lugdunensis (now Lyon, France).

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Imperial Roman marble bust of the Emperor Elagabalus (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus), carved in August-September 219 A

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Celts playing carnyxes -celtic war horns. Sounds like a trumpet with didgeridoo.
 
Posted by francesco01 (Member # 22790) on :
 
Yes, Black African slaves existed in Ancient Rome and Greece. Some were free men but it's well known that Rome was a multicultural empire.

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Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
LOL At the alt-right propaganda.

http://aids-man.deviantart.com/art/The-History-of-Alberto-Barbosa-630993568


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Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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09-01-03/16 VESSEL 3RD BCE-1ST CE The god Teutates accepting human sacrifices. Gundestrup Cauldron, inner plate. Detail of 09-01-03/12 Embossed silver, gilded (1st BCE) National Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Warriors and Carnyx Players - The Gundestrup Cauldron

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Emperor Marcus Aurelius, head of Roman statue (marble), 2nd century AD, (Archaeological Museum, Amman).

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Maximinus II was the 55th Roman Emperor, and the adopted son of his maternal uncle, the Emperor Galerius. When Galerius, died in 311, Maximinus divided the Eastern Empire between Licinius and himself; later, however, he supported the rebellion of Maxentius and broke with Licinius. He was deposed in 312, and died shortly thereafter.

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"[Cato] addresses the Senate as though he were living in Plato's Republic rather than the shit-hole of Romulus." - -Marcus Tullius Cicero

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So called Renaissance era Kongolese Ambassador to Rome that looks like an Ancient Roman emperor or general.

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A Roman Marble Bust of Antinous-Osiris 130-138 A.D. Height: 70 cm, 27 ½ in Provenance By repute Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli Thomas Hope (1769—1831) and by descent to his great-grandson, Eighth Duke of Newcastle (1866-1941)

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Black man statue that looks Ancient Roman.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Nuragic votive figurines - Priest in ceremonial dress Bronzes of the Nuragic age National Archeological Museum - Cagliari

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Nuragic votive figurines - Priest-Sorcerer Bronzes of the Nuragic age National Archeological Museum - Cagliari
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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People of the nuraghi on Sardinia in the Cagliari Archaeological museum

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Cagliari. Museo Archeologico Nazionale. Estatueta nuràgica de bronze Cagliari. Museo Archeologico Nazionale. Estatueta nuràgica de bronze

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Portrait of the Roman emperor Domitian,

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Head of an Egyptian Official or The Brooklyn Black Head Egypt, provenance unknown, reportedly from Memphis. Ptolemaic Period, first century B.C. Diorite, 16 5/16 x 11 3/16 x 13 7/8 in. (41.4 x 28.5 x…

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Sardinia, bronze sculpture representing a warrior
 
Posted by spacecece (Member # 22815) on :
 
I need to schedule my time to read this book.
[Cool] [Cool] [Cool] [Cool] [Cool]

การดูแลสุขภาพ
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Suliman:
The Balkans have the highest frequencies of E1b1b outside of Africa

E-V13 to be exact.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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A portrait of a Roman in toga (with a head from a different statue). Marble. First half of the 1st century—second half of the 2nd century CE). Verona, Archaeological Museum

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sculpture Julia Domna as goddess Ceres

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Why the head of the statue is missing? Is it because he looks like a Black person.
The Emperor as Philosopher, probably Marcus Aurelius (reigned AD 161-180), c. 175-200 Turkey, Bubon(?) (in Lycia), Roman, late 2nd Century
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Head of a Black Youth (gray basalt) unknown BCE, Roman
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Cleopatra II (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα; c. 185 BCE – 116 BCE) was a queen (and briefly sole ruler) of Ptolemaic Egypt. Cleopatra II was the daughter of Ptolemy V and likely Cleopatra I. She was the sister of Ptolemy VI and Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Tryphon.

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Ptolomeo

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Ptolomeo

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Funerary Monument of Umm'abi, Palmyra. Photo by Maia C

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Portrait of Salonina Matidia (Sabina's Mother and niece of Trajan), from Luni, c. 119 AD, Musei Capitolini, Rome #TuscanyAgriturismoGiratola

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File:Alba Iulia National Museum of the Union 2011 - Possible Statue of Roman Emperor Pertinax, Apulum.JPG
 
Posted by the questioner (Member # 22195) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by francesco01:
Yes, Black African slaves existed in Ancient Rome and Greece. Some were free men but it's well known that Rome was a multicultural empire.

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Black Africans were no more slaves than the northern white Europeans

sure there was black Africans in Rome and Greece but they all were not slaves

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Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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A ROMAN MARBLE PORTRAIT OF A MAN roman republic, circa mid 1st century b.c.

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Reinette: Ancient Roman Hairstyles and Headdresses from the Flavian Dynasty to the Age of Trajan 69-117

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Reinette: Ancient Roman Hairstyles and Headdresses from the Flavian Dynasty to the Age of Trajan 69-117
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Byzantine Empire Rare Gold Coin AV Solidus Justinian I

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Women in gold: Powerful empresses on Byzantium coins . By Emily Pearce. Empress Theodora, Solidus coin, Constantinople, 1055 -1056

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Gold Histamenon depicting the co-Empresses Zoe and her sister Theodora. They reigned together for about four months in 1042.

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SALONINA Gallienus Wife 267AD Rome Authentic Ancient Roman Coin Goat Stag i64674

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Gold Solidus of Constantine II Date: 337–361 Culture: Byzantine Medium: Gold Dimensions: Overall: 13/16 x 1/16 in. (2 x 0.1 cm)
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Philip I Composition: Silver Otacilia Severa wife of Philip I Arab Silver Ancient Roman Coin Loyalty

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Gallienus Salonina Wife of Gallienus Authentic

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AMISOS in PONTUS MITHRADATES VI the GREAT Time Perseus

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Carinus as Caesar with globe and spear 282AD Rare Ancient Roman
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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JUSTINIAN I 527AD Half Follis Cyzicus Authentic Ancient Byzantine Coin

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Constantine I The Great 320AD Ancient Roman Coin Wreath of sussess

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Phistelia Campania 325BC Authentic Ancient Silver Greek Coin
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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JUSTINIAN I the Great 527AD LARGE Follis Authentic Ancient Byzantine

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MACRINUS 217AD Rome Authentic Ancient Silver Roman Coin

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MASSALIA Gaul Ancient Marseilles France 400BC Greek Silver Coin Apollo
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Cleveland Cavaliers basketball player Lebron James is portrait as a Black Roman Emperor on the cover of November 2017 GQ magazine. the media is subtlelly giving information to people in the know telling them many Roman Emperor were Black men.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Etruscan pottery. Italy

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Greek pottery

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Roman Statue, 1st-2nd Century AD, via TheAncientWorld.

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Relief of Roman woman.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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THEODOSIUS I the GREAT Genuine 378AD Authentic Ancient Roman Coin i65916

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erracotta figure of a woman in Greek dress. From Tomb 105 at Amathus, Cyprus About 300-250 BCE
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Portrait Head of a Priest of Isis, 100-200 Style of Italy, Roman, 2nd Century

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Bust of Pompey (106-48 BC) c.60 BC (marble) Creator Roman, (1st century BC)

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Claudia Olympia daughter ofTiberius Epithymetus 1
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Roman woman

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PORTRÄTKOPF: JUNGER MANN Römisch, Frühe Kaiserzeit Ende 1. Jh. n. Chr.

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Bronze portrait bust of a man | Roman | Late Imperial | The Metropolitan Museum of Art

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Bronze statue of child, from Montecchio (Cortona, Arezzo Province). Etruscan civilization, 2nd century b.C. Artwork-location: Leida, Rijksmuseum Van Oudheden (National Museum Of Antiquites, Archaeological Museum)
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Roman woman

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portrait resembling Alexander. Greek. Hellenistic. Late 4th century
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Facial reconstruction of a girl found in Athens, believed to have died around 430 B.C.E. She has been named "Myrtis."

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Fayum mummy portrait

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Fayum mummy portrait

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Fayum mummy portrait

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Fayum mummy portrait

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Fayum mummy portrait

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Retrato romano de El Fayun
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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The Antikythera Philosopher. Athens National Museum.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Lot de vente aux enchères : PORTRAIT EN BUSTE DE L'EMPEREUR VESPASIEN Rome - Kohn - Auction
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Portrait type of Faustina the Younger. Bronze. 140—150 CE. Inv. No. 1642. Florence, National Archaeological Museum.
 
Posted by Oshun (Member # 19740) on :
 
I'm not seeing the "black" in any of these pictures save a very small minority.
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Oshun most of the pictures of Romans and Greeks I posted are the picture of Mulato people who are half Black and half White. For me a Mulato in a civilization, kingdom and royal dynasty created by Black people is a Black person by blood and culture. Mulato people in the ancient world and probably today had Black people and White people in their family. The Roman Empire and Ancient Greece was composed of many race( Black, Brown/Mulato, White) and were created by Black people.

Considering that The White race phenotype and morphology are East African, North African and Sahelian halp of my pictures in this thread might be Black people with long faces, long noses, thin lips and straight soft hair and not Mulato.

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c. 120-130 CE) Funerary portrait of a Roman woman

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Lucius Calpurnius Piso “Pontifex" (48 BC - 32 AD), son of Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, was a prominent Roman senator during the early Augustan period. He was the and brother of Calpurnia, the wife of Julius Caesar. Piso became consul in 15 BC, probably and then proconsul in Mediolanum, according to Suetonius. Cassius Dio reported that he was governor of Pamphylia in from 13 to 11 BC. In 11 BC. He was praefectus urbi from 13 to 32 AD and served as advisor to Augustus and Tiberius.

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Marble head of a priest of Isis. Roman. 2nd century A.D. or later. | Los Angeles County Museum of Art

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Dama Romana

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A Roman lady, c. AD 220, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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1-25 AD Roman (Italy) marble stele (grave relief). Publius Curtilius Agatus, freedman of Publius, and silversmith.

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Vibia Drosis, freedwoman of C. Vibius Felix, is depicted with a Flavian hairstyle on this marble stele that she dedicated to herself and her heirs (inscription; AE 1992.202-204). Rome, Flavian period (69-80 CE). New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art.

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Portrait of a woman. From Roman Forum. Flavian period. 69-96 AD. White marble. Palatine museum. Inv. 3676
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Marble head of a woman Roman Trajanic perieod 110-120 CE

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c. 138-161 CE) Portrait of an Elderly Roman Woman

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Bust of Menander Roman Bronze 1-25 CE

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Marble Roman portrait of a woman who lived during the Severan period (ca. 193-211 CE) now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York (inv. 30.11.11; Fletcher Fund). She wears a hairstyle that is probably in imitation of Julia Domna, wife of the emperor Septimius Severus. In the early third century portrait busts could include the upper torso of the body, including the arms and hands of the subject.

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Portrait head of a woman

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Roman funerary stele. Ancient place of finding: Ovilava; Noricum Museum: Wels - Stadtmuseum Minoritengebäude Inventory

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Hadrianic Era Roman Museo Capitolino, Sala delle Colombe Nr. 2.

It looks like the Black Romans were oil merchants in the Roman Empire
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Roman wine merchant. Augsburg Germany
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Roman wine merchant in the city of Til Chatel in Gaul modern France.
Le monument au marchand de vin de Til-Châtel, conservé au musée archéologique de Dijon
 
Posted by Nevermore (Member # 22897) on :
 
Looool [Smile]
99% of all greek and Roman art show white people. But the 1% or less that shows black people "prove" that the Romans or Greeks were black? This ist Just pathetic.

100 BC, Pompeii (Alexander, Stateira and a persian soldier)

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Alexander sarcophargus, 320BC, showing Greeks fighting Persians. Colours revealed by UV/Bis spectrometry

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Zeugma Mosaic
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Furthermore this is a quote by the black Muslim Author, Al-Jahiz from the 9th century:
“*Therefore, if the Arabs are ruddy, then they belong to the Byzantines (Rum), Slaves (Saqaliba),Persians and Khurasanis. But if they belong to the dark-skinned peoples, then they are a sub-category of our stock. So they are called medium-complexioned and brownish-black (sumr sud) when they are classified with us, as the Arabs use the masculine gender to refer to a group consisting of females and males.”*
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
Nevermore I welcome your opinion but I have to tell you that the city of Pompey was revealed to the world one hundred years after its discovery. Dishonest Eurocentric archeologists had plenty of time to modified the paintings and sculptures. I think the Ancient Greek and Roman Empire were civilizations that were composed of many races (Black, Brown, White races) and were created by Black people.

Europe during the Renaissance era and maybe the Colonial era was ruled by a dark skin monarchy and nobility. 1% of the Graeco Roman artifacts being of the Black race doesnt mean they were powerless. The Black race was probably the oldest elite of the Graeco Roman World, contributing many kings, senators, consuls, scholars, philosophers, emperors, merchants, high priests to Graeco Roman history.

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Urn depicting a family meal, from Aquileia (stone). Roman, (2nd century AD). Museo della Civilta Romana, Rome, Italy

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Roman officer or soldier

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Roman civilization. Funerary stele relief depicting a laundry (fullonica). Detail: a laundryman standing in a washtub. Museo Della Civiltà Romana. Roma
 
Posted by Nevermore (Member # 22897) on :
 
[Smile] [Big Grin] [Roll Eyes] looooool
1) Dark skinned monarchy? Are you educated at all? Did you ever read classical european literature like Don Quijote, three musketeers, Monte Cristo, Amadis of Gaul,....? Probably not. They EXPLICITLY mention White skinned royalty. Even DuMas in his musketeers and Monte Cristo. Sure there were black former slaves who became free men. The same happened in USA. There even was a mulatto President, half white,half black from Kenia. Or today's black refugees in Europe. They are Not native to Europe and they dont contribute anything to european culture.

2)So they modified SOME art that shows black people but some Art they didnt modify? Are you serious?
The last two pictures show colourless damaged faces, these people could be White, black, Brown. The first pic shows colourless people with straight hair and noses that could belong to any ethnicity. So based on what do you conclude they represent Blacks?


3)Furthermore the zeugma mosaic I posted above was discovered recently in Turkey. So brown turks also modify ancient greeks to look White? During the excavation?

4)Have you ever been to the Forum Romanum? Probably not. I was there. Not a single black man is shown on any art. No "Black elite"as you claim. All White.

5) What about the Alexander sarcophargus from 325BC found in lebanon? Traces of the original paint are still visible. No black elite as you claim.

You have to PROVE that Europeans modified these particular sculptures and paintings. Simple claims are irrelevant and dont count.

I dont doubt there were very few black people in Rome and greece as ancient art proved. But they were slaves or merchants or descendants of them but not greek or romans by ethnicity.

6) Furthermore, here are some ancient quotes not only about greeks and Romans but also persians:

this is a quote by the black Muslim Author, Al-Jahiz from the 9th century:

“Therefore, if the Arabs are ruddy then they belong to the Byzantines (Rum), Slaves (Saqaliba),Persians and Khurasanis. But if they belong to the dark-skinned peoples, then they are a sub-category of our stock. So they are called medium-complexioned and brownish-black (sumr sud) when they are classified with us, as the Arabs use the masculine gender to refer to a group consisting of females and males.”*


The Roman Sextus Empiricus contrasts the female beauty standard of the Ethiopians with that of the Persians:
“the Ethiopians preferring the blackest and most snub-nosed, the Persians preferring the whitest and most hook-nosed…”

Furthermore from Lisan al-Arab:
“ And the Arabs used to say about the non-Arabs with whom white skin was characteristic, such as the Romans, Persians, and their neighbors: ‘They are red-skinned (*al-hamra’*)…”* al-hamra’* means the Persians and Romans…And the Arabs attribute white skin to the slaves.

From the book “God's black Prophets”:
*When Christian Ethiopia reconquered Jewish Yemen in 520 CE, Jewish exiles sought assistance from the Byzantine ruler of Constantinople who turned them down on behalf of his co-religionists. On the other hand Chosroes, Zoroastrian king of Persia, took a different position. He said to the Jews: "This is the white skin against the black race.I am closer to you than to the Abyssinians." After their victory over 'the black race' the victory poem began: "We have crossed the waters to free Himyar (southern Arabia) from the tyranny of the blacks."

And:

“When the Persian king (Chosroes) heard of this he sent Wahriz with 4,000 Persians and ordered him to kill every Abyssinian, great or small, and not leave alive a single man with crisp curly hair.
Wahriz arrived and in due course carried out these instructions and wrote to tell the kind that he had done so. The king then gave him viceregal authority and he ruled under Chosroes”

Here is a 7. Century representation of the sasanian-ethiopian war showing black skinned naked abyssinians fighting light skinned sasanians in trousers and shirts.

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Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
Dumas film with white actor Depardieu sparks race row


http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=15;t=003042
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
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quote:


قالوا و كان واد عبد المصلب اعشرة السادة دلما ضخما نظر اليهم علمر بن الطفيل يطوفون كانهم جمال جون فقال؛ بهولأْ تمنع السدانه و كان عبد الله بن عباس ادام صحما ولد اب طالب اشرف الخلق و هم سود و ادم و دلم


--Al-Jahiz important note in his Fakhr al-Sudan ala al-biyadan


quote:
there are black tribes among the Arabs, such as the Banu Sulaim bin Mansur, and that all the peoples settled in the Harra, besides the Banu Sulaim are black.
--Al-Jahiz (776-869): Al-Fakhar al-Sudan
min al-Abyadh (Superiority Of The Blacks To The Whites)


http://www.saudicaves.com/lava/harra.jpg
 
Posted by Nevermore (Member # 22897) on :
 
Excactly like this pathetic "Rumi wasnt White" row. Im sure no tajik, afghan, iranian, uzbak complained about Leo DiCaprio. Just those pathetic individuals who wanna steal other's History.
 
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Nevermore:
Excactly like this pathetic "Rumi wasnt White" row. Im sure no tajik, afghan, iranian, uzbak complained about Leo DiCaprio. Just those pathetic individuals who wanna steal other's History.

Did you actually read that thread in it’s entirety? Or is this just a reactionary emotional move?
 
Posted by mena7 (Member # 20555) on :
 
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Marble portrait of Matidia Minor. Period:Antonine. Date:ca. A.D. 138–161.

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Tombstone carved in high relief on marble containing full-length portraits of a young woman and her older husband. From Via Statilia. 2nd quarter of 1st Century BCE. Rome: Museo Montemartini. Roman couple doing the as above so below sign.

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Dama sedente of Spain. Santuario del Cerro de los Santos. Museo Arqueológico Nacional
 
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Figura oferente 300[ac]=101[ac] (S. III-II a.C.) Cultura Ibérica Santuario del Cerro de los Santos, Montealegre del Castillo(Almansa (comarca), Albacete) Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid © Ministerio de Cultura

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Dama oferente (falsificación) Las Damas Oferentes suelen portar un vaso o un recipiente entre las manos. Llevan ricos vestidas y van engalanadas con espléndidas joyas y diademas. Podrían ser sacerdotisas o ex votos a los dioses. Lady Offeror (forgery) Ladies Offerors usually carry a glass or bowl in his hands and often richly dressed,wear jewelry and tiaras and could be prietessess or votive offering to the gods

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Figura femenina cubierta por un tocado y vestida con túnica y manto sujeto con un broche. Como adorno lleva en el cuello dos collares, uno con colgante y el otro con bulas en forma de lengüeta. Siglo IV a.c. Museo Arqueológico Nacional

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Necrópolis de Los Villares (Hoya Gonzalo, Albacete). Jinete a caballo, 410 a.C. Museo Arqueológico de Albacete

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Exvoto de bronce, Cultura ibérica (siglos VI - I a.C.) Santuario de Castellar de Santisteban, Los Altos del Sotillo (Jaén)
 
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Dama de Elche

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La 'Dama viviente' invitó simbólicamente a la Dama de Elche a visitar su ciudad durante un acto, organizado por la Asociación de Ilicitanos en Madrid.

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Cabeza de mujer del Cerro de Los Santos. Woman´s head of The Cerro de Los Santos, made in limestone

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Cabeza de mujer del conjunto hallado en el Santuario del Cerro de Los Santos. Piedra caliza. Head of a woman, found in the Sanctuary of Cerro de Los Santos. Limestone

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The Lady, or Dama of Baza, an ancient Celtiberian sculpture
 
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Dama sedente tocada con una mitra redondeada muy alta y una diadema. Museo Arqueológico Nacional

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ama Oferente del Cerro de Los Santos. Offeror Lady of El Cerro de Los Santos Full sculpture

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Bronze female figure Cretan Late Minoan I 1600-1450 BCE Metropolitan Museum
 
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Empress Marcia Furnilla generously left for posterity to admire the naked statue of her sexy body.

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Empress Marcia Furnilla wife of Roman Emperor Titus
 
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CONSTANTINE I the GREAT Victory vs LICINIUS I 327AD Ancient Roman Coin i67766

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USTIN II & Sophia 565AD Nicomedia Follis Genuine Ancient Byzantine Coin i69635

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Brutus Julius Caesar Roman Assassin 44BC Ancient Greek GOLD Coin NGC MS i68143
 
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Hieromartyr Clement the Pope of Rome - Orthodox Church in America

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1670s Icon depicting The Cross of Kiy, a replica of the True Cross with holy relics commissioned by Nikon, Orthodox patriarch of Moscow, in 1656. On the left top to bottom are the images of Saint Emperor Constantine the Great, Tsar Alexey Mikhaylovich and Patriarch Nikon. To the right: Saint Empress Helena and Tsarina Maria Ilyinichna.

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VALENTINIAN II on Ship with Victory Ancient 383AD Authentic Roman Coin

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Marble Bust with Alabaster Head of Roman Emperor of the East Leo I. Roman Emperor Leo I looks like Pope Francis

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Roman Pope Francis
 
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Julia Domna (AD 160–217) was a Roman empress of Syrian origins, the second wife of Septimius Severus (reigned 193–211), and a powerful figure in the regime of his successor, the emperor Caracalla.

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EUDOXIA Arcadius Wife 400AD Authentic Ancient Roman Coin GOD's HAND CROSS

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Roman stone Stele, memorial for a Cavalryman in England, 1st century AD. The inscription and sculpture is a memorial to a cavalryman in the service of the Roman army who saw action and died in north west England about AD 80. He is named below as Insus, the son of Vodullus, The text on the panel has been translated as 'To the shades of the dead, Insus, son of Vodullus, citizen of the Treveri, cavalryman of the Ala Augusta troop of Victor. Domitia his heir had this set up'.

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A bronze statuette of a dancer, Hellenistic, 2st century B.C. The pose reminds me of a basketball player today.

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Roman Statuette of a boy, 1st century B.C. Bronze

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Detail from the Athletes mosaic from the Baths of Caracalla, now at the Vatican Museums

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Detalle de los atletas mosaico de las Termas de Caracalla , ahora en los Museos Vaticanos
 
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Title: Stele known as Del Purpurarius, Roman Civilisation, Parma, Museo Archeologico Nazionale (Archaeologicla Museum) Palazzo Della Pilotta, Credits: DeA Picture Library, licensed by Alinari

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Roselle. Maschera etrusca

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Apollo of Veii

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Etruscan, late Archaic, c. 490 BC. Head of Jupiter. Terracotta. From: Temple of Mater Matuta in Satricum (Conca, Latium). Inv. no. 10045

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Apollo/Apulu From the Temple at Veii Apulu is Apollon's Estrucian name(a god absorbed by Apollon)

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scultore-blog: “ Veii Apollo. 6th century BC. ”
 
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Il bronzetto etrusco noto come L'Ombra della sera. III sec. a.C. Volterra, Museo Etrusco «Guarnacci».

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Girl playing knucklebones, 330 - 320 avant J.-C. - Acropole d'Athènes | The girl must have been throwing the knucklebones with her right hand, which has now disappeared, while clasping the bag they…

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(c. 70-100 CE) Portrait of a Roman Woman
 
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Egypt Fayoum portrait of a woman
 
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That portrait of a woman is not indigenous Egyptian but a Greek settler of the post-pharaonic era.
 
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Roman Emperor Carinus

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Balbinus, c. 165 – 29 July 238, Roman Emperor with Pupienus for three months in 238, the Year of the Six Emperors, Palatine Museum, Rome

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Marble Statue of Lucius Verus by !STORAX, via Flickr. AD 160-169. Today in Vatican City. This doryphoros pose shows LV as a hero or an athlete. He holds a victory standing on an orb. It is unusual for a Roman emperor to have been shown nude, but it is a Greek tradition. The fig-leaf was added by the Vatican. The statue reveals a return to classic hellenistic tastes in art
 
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Fayum Portraits « Diana Webber | Artist & Sculptor

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etrato romano de El Fayun

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Image result for mummy portraits images

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Akrotiri - Island of Santorini - Fresco of minoan fleet 16th Century BC

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Akrotiri assembly.jpg Here's more of the confusing picture (called shipwreck fresco?). Walking men with hide shields. Walking women with colored skirts and white tops. (Maybe totally topless, unlike the Minoan norm of partially topless?) They look like they're stepping off the roof of a building. The tumbling men in the front are naked. (falling? drowning?)

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Sophisticated boats in the harbor of Thira, wall fresco from the seafarer's house. I believe Marinatos who argued that Thira is Atlantis.

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Santorini - Petros M. Nomikos Conference Center : The Wall Paintings of Thera
 
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Romalı yargıç (hakim) heykeli - Statue of a Roman judge. İstanbul arkeoloji müzesi. Turkey.

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OĞUZ TOPOĞLU : roma dönemi bir erkek portresi heykeli amisos sams...


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Statue of Emperor Hadrian. 2nd century AD, bronze, from Adana. Istanbul Archaeological Museum.

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The head of the colossal marble statue of Marcus Aurelius found at the Sagalassos Roman Baths complex in 2008, Burdur Museum

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Bronze statue of Hadrian, 2nd century CE, from Adana, Istanbul Archaeological Museum Hadrian (76-138 CE) was the fourteenth Emperor of Rome (10 August 117 to 10 July 138 CE) and is known as the third of the Five Good Emperors (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius) who ruled justly. Born Publius Aelius Hadrianus, probably in Hispania, Hadrian is best known for his substantial building projects throughout the Roman Empire and, especially, Hadrian’s Wall in northern Brita.
 
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AN ETRUSCAN BRONZE FIGURE OF A WOMAN Circa Late 6th Century B.C. Solid cast, standing with her bare feet together, wearing a tightly-fitted dress that she pulls outward at the hip with her left hand, shallow pleats curving horizontally toward her left side, a shawl-like mantle draped across her shoulders and falling in a large V on her back, forming vertical pleats along her chest, wearing a high pointed banded headdress, her hair falling in thick plaits behind

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Tête de femme appartenant probablement à une statuette Vers 460-450 avant J.-C. Production : Chiusi Bronze - Etrurie | Site officiel du musée du Louvre

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Bronze votive statuette of praying woman wearing a sleeved tunic and rectangular mantle. A ribbon hangs from her shoulder. Etruscan 425BC-400BC. © The Trustees of the British Museum
 
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AN ETRUSCAN OR ITALIC BRONZE YOUTH CIRCA 3RD CENTURY B.C.

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Visage de femme (terre cuite), collection Bratty. Offrande funéraire étrusque en terre cuite, 2e moitié du 5e siècle avant J-C. Possiblement le portrait de la défunte, le visage a cette belle rondeur que l’on voir ailleurs dans les représentations de femmes nobles de cette civilisation, ça fait beaucoup plus matriarche que servante

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Portrait masculin de San Giovanni Lipioni, époque hellénistique, BnF (cabinet des médailles)

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Julia Paula or Julia Cornelia Paula. Daughter of Julius Paulus. Wife to Elagabalus

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Portrait of Julia Drusilla, Julia Livilla or Agrippina Minor. Chalcedony. 37—39 CE. Inv. No. GR 1907.4-15.1 (Gem 3946). London, The British Museum
 
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AURELIAN receives WREATH Genuine 270AD Authentic Ancient Roman Coin

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ALEXANDRIA TROAS 261BC Apollo Horse Rare Authentic Ancient Greek Coin i59651

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ALEXANDER III the GREAT 323BC Nikokreon Salamis Cyprus RARE Greek Coin i70419
 
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Chained Germanic, 2nd century A.D. Bronze. The prisoner wears breeches that were typical for Germanics. His hair is tied in a suebian knot.

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The Suebian knot (German: Suebenknoten) is a historical male hairstyle ascribed to the tribe of the Germanic Suebi. The knot is attested by Tacitus in his 1st century CE work Germania, found on art by and depictions of the Germanic peoples, and worn by bog bodies

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Barbarian, 1-100 Italy, Rome, 1st Century

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Statuette of Hooded Figure, ca. A.D. 1st–3rd century, Made in Romano-British, Culture: Celtic

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VETRANIO 350AD Ancient Roman Coin CONSTANTINE the Great CHRISTIAN Vision

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JUSTIN II & Sophia 565AD Cyzicus Follis Genuine Ancient Byzantine
 
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PHILIP V Macedonian King 221BC Ancient Greek Coin PERSEUS & EAGLE

Mena: In Roman artifacts many coins and statues of the sane emperors looks different for example the case of Roman emperors Dioclatian, Constantine and Justinian. Some of the coins and statues of those emperors looks like Black people and some other coins looks like Caucasian people. My theory for the different coins and statues are the Black and Brown Roman emperors were making coins and statues of different races to represent the different people of the roman Empire or the coins and statues showing them as White people were fake coins created in the Renaissance and Colonial era
 
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JUSTIANIAN I the GREAT 527AD Constantinople Follis Ancient Byzantine

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EUDOXIA Arcadius Wife 401AD Authentic Ancient Roman Coin VICTORY CHI-RHO

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Byzantine Gold Coins / PHOCAS, (A.D. 602-610), gold solidus, Constantinople mint...
 
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CONSTANS on Ship with Phoenix Labarum 348AD Authentic Ancient Roman Coin

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LYSIMACHOS 306BC Thrace King Authentic Ancient Greek Coin ATHENA & LION

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Stela of the Medica” portraying a Gallo-Roman female physician. Funerary stela discovered in Metz, France. Only part of the inscription remains, but still shows the word “MEDICA.” The medica, standing draped in her palla, holds a rectangular object in her left hand, either a medicine box or a book. 2nd century CE. Photo courtesy of Musée de La Cour d’Or Metz Métropole.
 
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JUSTIN II & Sophia 565AD Cyzicus Follis Genuine Ancient Byzantine Coin i69921

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LARISSA THESSALY 369BC RARE R2 Aleuas Eagle Ancient Silver Greek Coin

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Portrait of a woman. Cut off a Herculaneum statue. Second half of I century AD. Marble. On loan by Potocki family. Galeria Sztuki Starożytnej, Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie

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Half-figure tombstone of Gaius Largennius of legio II Augusta from Strasbourg. General view of half-figure relief

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Galla Placida entre le futur Valentinien III et Honoria (Ve siècle, Museo Civico, Brescia)

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A Painted Linen Shroud, Roman Period, circa 1st Century A.D.

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Neferhotep’s shroud bears a Roman-style portrait. Deir el Medina, Egypt

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Fragmentary Shroud with a Bearded Young Man Date: A.D. 120-150, Egypt
 
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One of the Ptolemey King of Egypt.

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Roman Emperor Constantine

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Paysan gaulois" période ?, Gaul (Celt) peasant

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Telesphorus. Bronze. Roman age. Inv. No. 2321. Florence, National Archaeological Museum. Telesphorus was a son of Asclepius. A demi-god of convalescence, who "brought to fulfillment" recuperation from illness or injury

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UBI ERAT LUPA - Römische Steindenkmäler

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Greek or Roman man
 
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Relief of Septimia Stratonice, a shoemaker, from Ostia. Picture via Ann Raia.
 
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Roman Emperor Macrinus: Reign 217–218
 


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