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[QUOTE]Originally posted by COTONOU_BY_NIGHT: [QB] Mystery Solver: Hannig's handwörterbuch doesn't cite its sources, and I don't have access to much currently, so it will probably be tough for me right now to know from which context/cotext lexicologists gave the mentioned meanings in the above occurrences. However, I'm currently reading Jean Vercoutter's article about the H3w Nbwt and some informations taken from it seemed relevant to me. For example, in Thutmose III's triumph hymn, Vercoutter reports that for poetic purposes, in each strophe referring to one people, a vague geographic designation was first used, followed by a more specific name, hence: [QUOTE] Strophe II: I came, I made you take down those who are in Asia (...) you strike the heads of the Asiatics from Retenu Strophe III: I came and I made you take down the Eastern world (...) as well as trampling those who are in the districts of ta Neter Strophe IV: I came and I made you take down the Western world (...) The Keftiu and Cypriots are under your fear. Strophe V: I came and I made you strike thoses who are in their nbwt(...) Mitanni is shuddering under your fear. [/QUOTE]What I can get from this , is that in this very text, Retenu are a portion of what Vercoutter translates as Asia(tics) ('3mw), isn't applied to every land East to Egypt as tends to show that both East from Egypt located Mitanni and Ta Neter (Punt or Lebanon) aren't referred as being part of the place where live the '3mw. I definitely need to go through more texts to claim something definitive on this issue, but my personal opinion so far is that the '3mw was an culturo-linguistic appellation originally applied to Northwest Semitic speaking nomads (as seems to point the fact that '3m means "person" in some NW Semitic languages as mentioned by alTakruri sometimes ago and that the meaning of the meaning of the reflex of pharaonic '3m (don't remember its phonic form) in Coptic is "shepherd" according to Vycichl 1983). [/QB][/QUOTE]
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