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Africa: A continent of "Land-Lubbers" ??
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by alTakruri: [QB] E G Y P T I A N M A R I N E R S A number of nobles’ titles are clearly of a maritime nature, especially those using one or more hieroglyphs with a nautical origin. Some of the earliest titles from the Old Kingdom and Middle Kingdoms are ‘commander of ships’, ‘ship’s captain’, ‘captain of sailors’, ‘commander of sailors’ and ‘scribe of the marine’.50 During the New Kingdom new titles appear, in addition to some of the earlier ones, ‘fleet captain’, ‘captain of the ships of the king’, ‘captain of galleys’, ‘ship’s captain’, ‘captains of marines’ (literally ‘captain of the ship archers’), ‘officer of the ships’, ‘officer of marines’, ‘standard-bearer of the ship’, ‘standard-bearer of the marines’, ‘commander of the rowers’, ‘chief of the rowers’, ‘ship archers’, and many more. Non-seagoing titles, such as ‘harbour master’ and ‘ship-builder’, were also used.51 The broad extent of the titles used suggests that the Ancient Egyptian maritime forces were commanded by trained and experienced marine professionals. Scholars who believe that Egyptian sea power is frequently overstated, and who prefer to see a Syrian source for East Mediterranean maritime activities, should reflect upon the complexity and sophistication of the Egyptian Bronze Age forces in comparison with their non-territorial state maritime neighbours. For the New Kingdom period it is possible to reconstruct the organisation of the Egyptian maritime forces.52 The sailors, [i]uau[/i], were under the leadership of a petty officer, perhaps either the [i]kherep-khenyt[/i] ‘chief of the rowers’, [i]khery-khenyt[/i] ‘commander of the rowers’, or the [i]tay-seryt[/i] ‘standard-bearer’. The ‘ship’s captain’, the [i]hery-wesekh[/i] but also known by various other Egyptian terms, who was in charge of the crew and probably the ship itself, would have been of a higher status than the sailors. Promotion of ‘ship’s captains’ were most likely to a more prestigious ship. A number of senior officials had higher maritime commands like ‘chief of all the king’s ships’ or ‘chief of the broad ships of the god’s estate’. Were these the admirals of the Ancient Egyptian maritime forces? [/QB][/QUOTE]
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