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OT: Settling the issues on "Ethio-Sabean" connections, "Habashat", and the related
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Supercar: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Yom: ^^^Supercar Saba' certainly wasn't wholly within the 1st Millenium BC[/QUOTE]I am not sure what you mean by "wholly" in "the 1st millennium BC. [QUOTE]Yom: , it was allied with and later at war with Aksum in the South Arabian wars in the 3rd century and wasn't subjugated by Himyar until the latter part of the century.[/QUOTE]Okay, and this has what bearings on Fattovich's notes about the 1st millennium BC south Arabian relations with the Pre-Aksumite complex? [QUOTE]Yom: Regarding the Sabaean language inscriptions, the inscriptions were written [b]by Sabaeans[/b], not Ethiopians using it for prestige or anything like that (and of course, as we already know, they weren't royal). For example, a text found in 1970 by Roger Schneider and AJ Drewes specifically says in the text that the man is "ḏmryb," i.e. [i]ḏu maryib[/i], meaning "of Marib," the capital of Saba' (the text is one sentence and is about him giving the fruits of his labor to Almaqah/Ilmuqah). [/QUOTE]There is no reason to doubt that the ESA inscriptions in the language identified as "pure" Sabean, could have been meant for the benefit of resident Sabeans on the plateau, possibly by the Sabeans themselves, or by locals who could also speak pure Sabean. However, I have not heard of Sabean inscriptions in some "Ethiopic" language, alongside "pure" Sabean in south Arabia itself. On the other hand, we also have, and I reiterate yet again: [i][b]Inscriptions found at some of these sites[/b] include the names of persons bearing the [b]traditional South Arabian title of mukarrib[/b], apparently indicating a ruler with something of a priest-king status, [b]not otherwise known in Ethiopia[/b] (Caquot and Drewes 1955). Others have the title of king, mlkn (Schneider 1961; 1973)... Its rulers, kings and mukarribs, by including the name Saba in their titles, appear to have expressly claimed control over the resident Sabaeans in their country; actual Sabaean presence is assumed at Matara, Yeha and Hawelti-Melazo according to present information (Schneider 1973: 388). The [b]inscriptions of mukarribs of D`MT and Saba[/b] are known from Addi Galamo (Caquot and Drewes 1955: 26-32), Enda Cherqos (Schneider 1961: 61ff), possibly Matara, if the name LMN attested there is the same as the .MN from the other sites, (Schneider 1965: 90; Drewes and Schneider 1967: 91), Melazo (Schneider 1978: 130-2), and Abuna Garima (Schneider 1973; Schneider 1976iii: 86ff). Of four rulers known to date, the earliest appears to be a certain W`RN HYWT, who only had the title mlkn, king, and evidence of whom has been found at Yeha, Kaskase, Addi Seglamen; he was succeeded by [b]three mukarribs, RD'M, RBH, and LMN[/b] (Schneider 1976iii: 89-93)... The Sabaeans in Ethiopia appear, from the use of certain place-names like Marib in their inscriptions, to have kept in contact with their own country, and indeed the purpose of their presence may well have been to maintain and develop links across the sea to the profit of South Arabia's trading network. Naturally, such an arrangement would have worked also to the benefit of the indigenous Ethiopian rulers, who employed the titles [b]mukarrib and mlkn at first[/b], and nagashi (najashi) or negus later; [b]no pre-Aksumite najashi or negus is known.[/b][/i] - Stuart Munro-Hay [/QB][/QUOTE]
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