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OT: Settling the issues on "Ethio-Sabean" connections, "Habashat", and the related
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Yom: [QB] The Queen of Sheba/Makeda/Bilqis [b]are[/b] in reference to the same, probably mythical or legendary, person. Sheba/Sheva is the Hebrew version of a South Semitic place called SB' or ŠB' or ŚB'. There are multiple places with this root on both sides of the Red Sea. The most prominent, of course, is the Kingdom of Saba' in Yemen. There are others, however, including the late antiquity/early medieval city of Sabo/Saba in the Meroite kingdom. There are also multiple cities with this root in Ethiopia (presumably known in antiquity, I'm not sure when they were first referenced), including one named Sabe'a in Ethiopia, and another Saba' on the western coast of the Red Sea. Another is the "SB'" in the inscriptions of D'MT. While there are references to the Sabaean kingdom, the meaning of "SB'" in the formula "king of D'MT and SB'" is not yet fully understood. It could refer to Sabaeans living in the domain of D'MT, or another SB'. Regarding Makeda, it's important to note that we know all of the queens of D`mt along with their male counterparts (so far we only know 4 kings and 4 queens, however), while women don't seem to have played such an important role in Saba' at the same time: From Rodolfo Fattovich, "The 'pre-Aksumite' state in northern Ethiopia and Eritrea reconsidered," p.73, from the same book that I got the Curtis article from; this is from the full version of the article that I posted earlier. [QUOTE]The earliest monumental inscriptions record queens who were accorded very high status, and who were possibly equal to kings. Queens do not seem to have played such an important role in South Arabia, but high status queens are numerous in the ancient and traditional kingdoms of sub-Saharan Africa, such as in the Nubian kingdom of Kush.22[/QUOTE]Note that in the sentence before he also says that "[t]he textual evidence however points to an indigenous origin for the pre-Aksumite state." The "however" necessary here, as he was just discussing evidence of Sabaeans in Ethiopia. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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