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Northern Arab Sudanese look like the average Black African
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Alive-(What Box): [QB] If you mean to imply that certain looks necissarily qualify some Sudaneseas being of non-African stock, and assumably, that this has bearings on the phenetic makeup of Africans said to be the Ancient and *indigenous* Kemtwy ["Egyptians"], then, Chimu, do you comprehend the following? [QUOTE] J. Edwards, A. Leathers, et al. [i]"...based on Howell’s sampling Fordisc 2.0 authors state that "there are no races, only populations," yet it is clear that Howell was intent on providing known groups that would be distributed among the continental "racial" groups. We tested the accuracy and effectiveness of Fordisc 2.0 using twelve cranial measurements from a homogeneous population from the X-Group period of Sudanese Nubia (350CE-550CE). When the Fordisc program classified the adult X-Group crania, only 51 (57.3%) of 89 individuals were classified within groups from Africa. Others were placed in such diverse groups as Polynesian (11.24%), European (7.86%), Japanese (4.49%), Native American (3.37%), Peruvian (3.36%), Australian (1.12), Tasmanian (1.12%), and Melanesian (1.12%). The implications of these findings suggest that classifying populations, whether by geography or by "race", is not morphologically or biologically accurate because of the wide variation even in homogeneous populations."[/i] Forensic Misclassification of Ancient Nubian Crania: Implications for Assumptions about Human Variation -April 2005, Current Anthropology: [i][b]It is well known that human biological variation is principally clinal (i.e., structured as gradients) and not racial (i.e., structured as a small number of fairly discrete groups)[/b]. We have shown that [b]for a temporally and geographically homogeneous East African population, the most widely used “racial” program fails to identify the skeletal material accurately. The assignment of skeletal racial origin is based principally upon stereotypical features found most frequently in the most geographically distant populations.[/b] While this is useful in some contexts (for example, sorting skeletal material of largely West African ancestry from skeletal material of largely Western European ancestry), it fails to identify populations that originate elsewhere and misrepresents fundamental patterns of human biological diversity.[/i][/QUOTE][[b]Hence, since traits vary clinally West Africans and Europeans should be out of the phenetic equation when dealing in modern East Africa[/b].] [QUOTE]Ancient Egypt Anatomy of a Civilisation(Paperback) by Barry Kemp (Author) Publisher: Routledge; 2 edition (December 12, 2005) p.54 [i]"Moving to the opposite geographic extremity, the very small [b]sample populations available from northern Egypt from before the 1st Dynasty(Merimda, Maadi and Wadi Digla) turn out to be significantly different from sample populations from early Palestine and Byblos, suggesting a lack of common ancestors over a long time.[/b] If there was a south-north cline of variation along the Nile Valley it did not, from this limited evidence, continue smoothly on into Palestine. The limb-length proportions of males from the Egyptian sites group them with Africans rather than with Europeans"[/i] [/QUOTE]And what it means for any presupposed notion of a phenetic correlation with genotype vs. the reality of the phenetic correlation with geographic location (and the attached climatic properties thereof). [/QB][/QUOTE]
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